{
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    [1,"Taking Disclosure Seriously: A Comparative Analysis of the Legal ...","https://www.law.ntu.edu.tw/center/media/k2/attachments/50y3y1_yyyyyyy_3.pdf","2 days ago ... prevalent divisive and anonymous online issue campaigns in the U.S. In 2016,. Americans experienced disinformation and its implications on the election. The.","US","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [2,"POLICY MANUAL","https://www.cityofboise.org/media/16346/bpd-policy-manual_6124-_final-1.pdf","2 days ago ... Statements that indicate disregard for the law or the state or U.S. Constitution. b. Expression that demonstrates support for criminal activity. c ...","US","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [3,"Georgia's Parliament Passes “Transparency of Foreign Influence” Law","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN12368","5 days ago ... recommendation's steps included the implementation of judicial and rule-of-law reforms, combatting disinformation against the EU and its values, and addressing ...","EU","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4,"Tackling disinformation in the EU with “Truthster”: technological ...","https://www.journaldot.pl/pdf-189285-110650?filename=Tackling%20disinformation.pdf","6 days ago ... governance in data protection, artificial intelligence, and the Web of Data,\" The Theory and Practice of. Legislation (2019), https://doi.org/10.1080/ ...","EU","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [5,"The Eu Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Risk of the ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003037385/3e3b379a-0084-439c-92e6-2463a52a2eb0/chapters/chapter16.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ57QUDCBN7X%2F20240531%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240531T012311Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=52c55b0a319c9524f0dabcdfcb5ad0601b8e16032656dc015389bcbd83cc90ef&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003037385-20_chapterpdf.pdf%22","3 days ago ... The Code is a soft law tool that suggests to its signatories – among whom are the most important Internet platforms such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter – some.","EU","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [6,"Overcoming resistance to belief revision and correction of ...","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-63230-5.pdf","7 days ago ... In a series of experiments involving beliefs and misinformation beliefs, we find that individuals who are prompted with a counterfactual mindset are ...","Aus","2024-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [7,"GEORGIA URGENT OPINION ON THE LAW ON TRANSPARENCY ...","https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-PI(2024)013-e","May 21, 2024 ... The Venice. Commission would recall that in a democratic society, criticism of the government cannot and should not be qualified as such as disinformation. The ...","EU","2024-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [8,"Fossil Fuel Fraud","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4573679_code2642213.pdf?abstractid=4573679&type=2","2 days ago ... See Jeffrey Pierre and Scott Newman, How Decades of Disinformation. About Fossil Fuels Halted U.S. Climate Policy, NPR (Oct. ... Common Law and Some Modest ...","US","2024-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [9,"The framing of authority in the ACRL framework on information literacy","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RSR-02-2024-0003/full/pdf?title=the-framing-of-authority-in-the-acrl-framework-on-information-literacy-multidisciplinary-perspectives-on-truth-authority-expertise-and-belief","2 days ago ... and McStay, A. (2018), “Fake news and the economy of emotions: problems, causes, solutions”, Digital Journalism, Vol. 6 No.","US","2024-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [10,"UNIT 17 GLOBAL MEDIA POLICIES","https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/100795/1/Unit-17.pdf","2 days ago ... Regulation of Hate Speech and Disinformation: These policies seek to combat the spread of harmful content through hate speech, disinformation, and ...","US","2024-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [11,"Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News: Understanding the ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003111474/262bbe16-e3b6-4860-a51e-342c1ca82d16/chapters/chapter4.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ57QUDCBN7X%2F20240511%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240511T064256Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=2c3b8632d3873fa2b7248ef8eb195d510daca1a712f4ea63168d35d613e9d76d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003111474-4_chapterpdf.pdf%22","3 days ago ... This overview was originally published in Egelhofer and Lecheler (2019). Page 4. 72 S. Lecheler and J. L. Egelhofer relationship with many US legacy news media ...","US","2024-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [12,"AI deception: A survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions","https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdfExtended/S2666-3899(24)00103-X","3 days ago ... Existing laws should be rigorously en- forced to prevent illegal actions by companies and their AI sys- tems. For example, the Federal Trade Commission's ...","US","2024-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [13,"Fake Mirroring in Cyberspace as a Disinformation Tool ...","https://www.cybersecurityandlaw.com/pdf-188396-109721?filename=Fake%20Mirroring%20in.pdf","4 days ago ... Gergelewicz, Obszary budowania odporności na dezinformację jako element bezpieczeństwa infosfery, „Cybersecurity and Law” 2022, no. 1, p. 72–84. 2 E. Snippe, J.","US","2024-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [14,"THE LAW OF AI FOR GOOD Orly Lobel* Abstract Legal policy and ...","https://www.floridalawreview.com/article/91298.pdf","5 days ago ... Part I lastly demonstrates how a 2022. Congress-commissioned Federal Trade Commission (FTC) report on using AI to tackle online harms exhibits each of these ...","US","2024-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [15,"Inoculating Society against Authoritarian Influence in the Digital Age ...","https://media.defense.gov/2024/May/07/2003458336/-1/-1/1/SLP%20-%20HSU%20-%20JIPA.PDF","7 days ago ... Therefore, the US support for Israel is based on the legal recognition of Israel as a strategic partner in the Middle East. The Narrative of Israel–Hamas ...","US","2024-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [16,"The Silicone Ceiling: Auditing GPT's Race and Gender Biases in ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.04412","6 days ago ... ... federal law [88]. Recent legislation like ... based on U.S. Bureau of Labor ... Measuring Misinformation in Video Search Platforms: An Audit Study on YouTube.","US","2024-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [17,"Language Evolution for Evading Social Media Regulation via LLM ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.02858","May 5, 2024 ... aimed at evading social media regulation. ... While intended to curb misinformation and ... This adjustment allowed us to maintain the integrity of the experiment ...","US","2024-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [18,"Vaccine Hesitancy and Misinformation/Disinformation in Taiwan","https://caprifoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cook-Vaccine-Hesitancy-in-Taiwan-2024.pdf","May 4, 2024 ... A false report of multiple countries refusing US-made vaccines. Note. Translation: “There is a big problem with the US vaccine... 29 countries have just ...","US","2024-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [19,"Hate Speech, Insurrections, and Fake News: “No Problems Here ...","https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4308&context=law-review","May 3, 2024 ... Last, this Part discusses the U.S. Supreme Court's involvement regarding this matter, and where the law currently stands. A. The First Amendment. The First ...","US","2024-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [20,"Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral ...","https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/user_upload/Foreign_Interference_Commission_-_Initial_Report__May_2024__-_Digital.pdf","May 3, 2024 ... misinformation and disinformation (including during an election). ... perceived United States global dominance, discredit the US ... USA Agreement, a treaty for ...","US","2024-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [21,"THE CENSORSHIP-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: HOW TOP BIDEN ...","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/Biden-WH-Censorship-Report-final.pdf","May 1, 2024 ... 7. 66 Id. Page 17. 16 also give us a sense of misinformation that might be falling outside of your removal policies? Goes without saying, just because it's ...","US","2024-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [22,"Renewable Energy Misinformation: A Literature Based Approach to ...","https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1090&context=mcnair","May 1, 2024 ... legislation. While working on scientific ... motivations behind this misinformation. This can have a larger ... U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2023 ...","US","2024-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [23,"DENIAL, DISINFORMATION, AND DOUBLESPEAK: BIG OIL'S ...","https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/democrats-oversight.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/2024-04-30.COA%20Democrats%20-%20Fossil%20Fuel%20Report.pdf","Apr 30, 2024 ... According to InfluenceMap, the Chamber has “continued opposition to meaningful legislation and regulation introduced by the federal government” while ...","US","2024-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [24,"Detection of Conspiracy Theories Beyond Keyword Bias in German ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.17985","Apr 27, 2024 ... While these phenomena can overlap (e.g., by us- ing misinformation to support a conspiracy theory),. CTs have distinct features: They assert a strong belief in ...","US","2024-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [25,"Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News: Understanding the ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003111474/262bbe16-e3b6-4860-a51e-342c1ca82d16/chapters/chapter4.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ57QUDCBN7X%2F20240428%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240428T032800Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=7ea755238d64bdeb41c1694fa34f8663792a0e2673486d49b28b9c5e4f7f5368&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003111474-4_chapterpdf.pdf%22","Apr 27, 2024 ... This overview was originally published in Egelhofer and Lecheler (2019). Page 4. 72 S. Lecheler and J. L. Egelhofer relationship with many US legacy news media ...","US","2024-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [26,"Fake News Attitude Recognition: How Users' Behavioral and Implicit ...","https://www.sto.nato.int/publications/STO%20Meeting%20Proceedings/STO-MP-HFM-361/MP-HFM-361-P06.pdf","Apr 26, 2024 ... Propaganda, misinformation ... In other words, the participants' computer webcam together with the Tobii Sticky solution allowed us to better replicate a ...","US","2024-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [27,"Disinformation: sources, spread and impact","https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-0719/POST-PN-0719.pdf","Apr 25, 2024 ... Russia's most recent alleged disinformation narrative that the US is funding biological ... Table 2 Legislation relevant to disinformation (continued).","US","2024-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [28,"Facts, values, and the epistemic authority of journalism: How ...","https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/nor-2024-0016","Apr 20, 2024 ... distinction between fact and value judgment difficult to explain. ... of the terms fake news, junk news, misinformation, and disinformation. ... u-s-election-what-.","US","2024-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [29,"Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News: Understanding the ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003111474/262bbe16-e3b6-4860-a51e-342c1ca82d16/chapters/chapter4.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ57QUDCBN7X%2F20240420%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240420T084103Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=a112a059e75bb8a3613f013f9276a50ff7a828e1049152c4c855946453501b39&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003111474-4_chapterpdf.pdf%22","Apr 20, 2024 ... This overview was originally published in Egelhofer and Lecheler (2019). Page 4. 72 S. Lecheler and J. L. Egelhofer relationship with many US legacy news media ...","US","2024-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [30,"Beyond misinformation: developing a public health prevention ...","https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(24)00031-8.pdf","Apr 19, 2024 ... Preventive medicine for the doctor in his community: an epidemiologic approach. New York (NY):. McGraw-Hill, 1965. 30 US Centers for Disease Control and ...","US","2024-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [31,"AI-Generated Fake News and Free Speech","https://teachdemocracy.org/images/pdf/ai-generated-fake-news.pdf","Apr 18, 2024 ... Information found that the impact of disinformation impacted the United States' ... Many people, however, oppose U.S. government regulation of misinformation or ...","US","2024-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [32,"Taxonomy to Regulation: A (Geo) Political Taxonomy for AI Risks ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.11476","Apr 17, 2024 ... ... Act · regulation · disinformation · GPAI. 1 ... Misinformation and Disinformation. Furthermore, it identifies ... disinformation efforts during the U.S.. 2016 ...","US","2024-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [33,"Generative Artificial Intelligence Threats to Information Integrity and ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA3000/PEA3089-1/RAND_PEA3089-1.pdf","Apr 16, 2024 ... ous nonstate actors, the spread of both misinformation and disinformation, and the ... Current European Union and U.S. Regulatory ... European Parliament, “EU AI ...","US","2024-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [34,"FOI: Advisory committee of misinformation and disinformation's ...","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/285008/advisory-committee-misinformation-disinformation-establishment.pdf","Apr 16, 2024 ... There is no statutory deadline for us to complete our internal review, and the time it takes will depend on the complexity of the request. But we will try ...","US","2024-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [35,"Policy and Governance","https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/HAI_AI-Index-Report-2024_Chapter7.pdf","Apr 14, 2024 ... issuing AI regulations increased to 21 in 2023 from 17 in 2022, indicating a growing concern over AI regulation among a broader array of American regulatory ...","US","2024-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [36,"MORALITY IN MARKETING: A LEGAL RESPONSE TO UNETHICAL ...","https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-66282229/IJIRL/V4-I1/A96","Apr 13, 2024 ... Case studies of legal actions against unethical marketing practices: 1. FTC's Enforcement Actions Against Deceptive Advertising: The Federal Trade Commission ( ...","US","2024-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [37,"Chinese investment and the Contours of Misinformation in Zambia","https://scholar.harvard.edu/sites/scholar.harvard.edu/files/ggondwezunda/files/counters_of_misinformation.pdf","Apr 12, 2024 ... China's Media Propaganda in Africa: A Strategic Assessment. United States. Institute of Peace. Gondwe, G. (2022). How Does the Zambian Media Report China?","US","2024-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [38,"Conspiracy Beliefs: Knowledge, ego defense, and social integration ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429295379/a14e1b78-f2a3-447a-8fb1-21ed566064b9/chapters/chapter11.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ576KNC54E4%2F20240407%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240407T155508Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=1f6506e078e64eafa8dd89e8a320517f4e0b6d662f26aaf8cad1353de3afc503&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9780429295379-14_chapterpdf.pdf%22","Apr 7, 2024 ... tion of scientific misinformation. In Handbook of ... Burwood, VIC, Australia: School of Psychology, Dea-.","Australia","2024-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [39,"Disinformation and Manipulation in Digital Media","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003054252/e04e7dbd-fda4-4092-bf01-4ffce531c5f5/preview.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ576KNC54E4%2F20240407%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240407T022815Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=5aa59edb1ef6a3dbcab6312facd36df2ad482f9bb0d3bb459120aca1817cebcb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003054252_previewpdf.pdf%22","Apr 6, 2024 ... ... australia- plans- to- force- facebook- and ... Misinformation, Disinformation and Correction. ... mozilla.org/ netpolicy/ 2020/ 06/ 29/ brazils- fake- news- law- ...","Australia","2024-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [40,"China plans to use AI to disrupt polls: Microsoft","https://salarnews.in/public/uploads/images/epaper/pdf_07042024_001009_SALAR-ENGLISH-07-04-2024.pdf","Apr 6, 2024 ... misinformation”. “RSS' internal survey says they ... “There is nothing in the law, neither in the act nor in ... Ashes against Australia in. 2023 and in the series ...","Australia","2024-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [41,"The Australian Policy Handbook; A Practical Guide to the ...","https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-store-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003351993/024931a0-3864-4742-aa87-f411e3bbebd9/preview.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ576KNC54E4%2F20240405%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240405T144029Z&X-Amz-Expires=172800&X-Amz-Signature=2536994d6ba82d0117b6c7a5efbf6d3ff7415ee492e813baa8469903b6be559f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%2210.4324_9781003351993_previewpdf.pdf%22","Apr 5, 2024 ... tainty, fake news and misinformation, the questioning of democracy and the erosion of trust. ... Australian Law Reform Commission . 2009. Royal ... In the shadows: ...","Australia","2024-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [42,"Guest editorial: Special issue – perspectives on data literacies","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ILS-03-2024-266/full/pdf?title=guest-editorial-special-issue-perspectives-on-data-literacies","Apr 5, 2024 ... For many decades, personal data protection has unfolded differently in many national contexts, however, regulation internationally has increasingly turned ...","Australia","2024-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [43,"Policy & Procedure Manual","https://www.spokanecounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/11929/Policy-Manual-as-of-April-4-2024?bidId=","Apr 4, 2024 ... Most federal and certain congressional employees are also covered by the law but are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Office of Personnel. Management ...","US","2024-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [44,"AI Disinformation Attacks and Taiwan's Responses during the 2024 ...","https://www.thomsonfoundation.org/media/268943/ai_disinformation_attacks_taiwan.pdf","Apr 3, 2024 ... The information and reports provided on their websites helped us to identify disinformation ... disinformation about law and order and education (Li, 2023).","US","2024-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [45,"State of the Fact-Checkers Report","https://www.poynter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/State-of-Fact-Checkers-2023.pdf","Apr 2, 2024 ... their misinformation tackling. To ... Legal and regulatory obstacles. Staffing and expertise ... misinformation, to support the community in tackling misinformation ...","Australia","2024-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [46,"The Landscape of User-centered Misinformation Interventions--A ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.06517","Apr 2, 2024 ... Addressing that goal, all our considerations lead us to the following research questions: RQ1: What are the typical methodological characteristics ...","US","2024-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [47,"Governor's Task Force on Campaign Finance and Election Threats","https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/governor/documents/Task_Force_on_Campaign_Finance_and_Election_Threats.pdf","Mar 31, 2024 ... Misinformation, Disinformation and Malinformation (MDM). ... Ferate has practiced law for more than 18 years before the U.S. Supreme Court and courts in ... al law, ...","US","2024-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [48,"Inside Biodiversity Loss Climate Change Misinformation Pollution","https://rsv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Science-Victoria-April-2024.pdf","Mar 30, 2024 ... ... misinformation-disinformation- australia-proposed-laws-crackdown/102524764. 21 New ACMA powers to combat misinformation and disinformation. (2023, July 24) ...","Australia","2024-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [49,"Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic","https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/ap-st01.ext.exlibrisgroup.com/61MUN_INST/upload/1711796087609/Covid19.pdf?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22Covid19.pdf%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Covid19.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240330T105448Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=86399&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJN6NPMNGJALPPWAQ%2F20240330%2Fap-southeast-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=6ab2693788f6fc4db85ad2c1b87b1fe3e6c34082a3ca133c76794109aa7acce7","Mar 30, 2024 ... However, the evidence for this claim seems to be an art- icle from the January 1920 Journal of the American. Osteopathic Association, reprinted in the May 2013 ...","US","2024-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [50,"Digital dissonance: large language models' unbalanced political ...","https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/document/183724","Mar 28, 2024 ... ing concerns over misinformation and bias. As ... That law is plainly unconstitutional. The reason ... “Gen AI and Journal- ism.” Centre for Media Transition, ...","Australia","2024-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [51,"Misconceptions, Misinformation, and Multivitamins Jilliane Erica Tan ...","https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/writing/article/download/42927/32590/116324","Mar 28, 2024 ... Figure 1- Most common dietary supplements in the U.S. based on participants 20 years old and over. Marketing Efforts and Misinformation. Corliss (2022) noted ...","US","2024-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [52,"FSPO Overview of Complaints 2023","https://www.fspo.ie/documents/Overview-of-Complaints-2023.pdf","Mar 27, 2024 ... The Bill also introduces legislative amendments to ensure the Financial Services and Pensions Ombudsman continues to discharge its statutory functions in line ...","Australia","2024-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [53,"Report REP 780 ASIC enforcement and regulatory update","https://download.asic.gov.au/media/5ecb113l/rep780-published-4-march-2024.pdf","Mar 26, 2024 ... misinformation through social media. Governance ... in Bellamy's Australia Limited. The court found ... the law and regulatory requirements. Improving regulatory ...","Australia","2024-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [54,"“Fake News: Susceptibility, Awareness and Solutions”","https://www.tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/doc/wp/2024/wp_tse_1519.pdf","Mar 26, 2024 ... act against the risk of being harmed by misinformation. ... Hence, using the notion of “misinformation insurance” allows us to ... Judgment Decision Making, 9(2): ...","US","2024-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [55,"Political communication and media trust in the age of generative AI","https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2024-03/a4_policy-paper_fimi-ai_en-3-1.pdf","Mar 25, 2024 ... Misinformation is defined as false, misleading ... us about the future of generative AI and disinformation? ... Act is discussed under 'Emerging legal rules' below.","US","2024-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [56,"Discovering why people believe disinformation about healthcare","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300497&type=printable","Mar 21, 2024 ... As mentioned previously, academic interest in fake news and misinformation increased in 2016 with the U.S. presidential election and continued to grow [2, 3] ...","US","2024-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [57,"Current safeguards, risk mitigation, and transparency measures of ...","https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/384/bmj-2023-078538.full.pdf","Mar 20, 2024 ... Enhanced regulation, transparency, and routine auditing are required to help prevent LLMs from contributing to the mass generation of health disinformation.","Australia","2024-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [58,"Fact Checking Chatbot: A Misinformation Intervention for Instant ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.12913","Mar 19, 2024 ... https://www.gov.sg/about-us. ... tion: People prefer algorithmic to human judgment. ... FactChat sent a half million messages in 46 days to fight electoral ...","US","2024-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [59,"Healthwashing: Corporate Communication Strategies in a Legal ...","https://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2117&context=lclr","Mar 18, 2024 ... FORTIN, FOOD REGULATION: LAW ... AMPLIFYING MISINFORMATION - THE CASE OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICES IN FASHION ... Pathways: A Comparative Analysis of the United States ...","Australia","2024-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [60,"A New Approach? Deradicalization Programs and Counterterrorism","https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/a_new_approach_epub.pdf","Mar 17, 2024 ... security apparatus that is beyond the law. The ... misinformation about jihad. Similar ... Jordan also introduced an Anti-Terrorism Law and a Fatwa Law in 2006, ...","Australia","2024-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [61,"Enhancing Society-Undermining Disinformation Detection through ...","https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-eacl.92.pdf","Mar 17, 2024 ... The instances in GoEmotions are annotated with 27 distinct emotion labels. To facilitate pre-finetuning of BERT-Chinese us- ing the GoEmotions dataset, we ...","US","2024-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [62,"Ghanaian Journalists and The Spread of Rumors During the ...","https://www.opastpublishers.com/open-access-articles/ghanaian-journalists-and-the-spread-of-rumors-during-the-covid19-pandemic-views-from-five-regions.pdf","Mar 15, 2024 ... However, in many instances, the media is a conveyer of misinformation or disinformation. ... the purpose and intent of the Right to Information law in Ghana.","Australia","2024-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [63,"Countering hybrid threats to elections: From updating legislation to ...","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/20240319-Hybrid-CoE-Research-Report-12-Countering-hybrid-threats-to-elections-WEB.pdf","Mar 15, 2024 ... ... Misinformation and the 2020 Election.” 6 Panizio ... disinformation campaigns have targeted US and ... the federal level, the proposed legislation aims.","US","2024-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [64,"Information Integrity for Electoral Institutions and Processes:","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2024-03/24119_undp_information_integrity_v07_rc_002.pdf","Mar 14, 2024 ... however, when disinformation is specific to the administration of the electoral process, including legal and ... Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States ...","Australia","2024-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [65,"disinformation about FARMERS' PROTESTS KEEPS GROWING IN ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/EDMO-33-Horizontal.pdf","Mar 15, 2024 ... ... disinformation; 152 (10%) on Ukraine-related disinformation; 113. (8%) on disinformation related to the EU ... to advocate the introduction of “Sharia Law” in the ...","EU","2024-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [66,"Artificial Intelligence Accountability Policy Report","https://www.ntia.gov/sites/default/files/ntia-ai-report-final.pdf","Mar 13, 2024 ... 23 See European Commission, Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) Supplementing. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council, by ...","EU","2024-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [67,"A Tort for the Digital Age: False Light Invasion of Privacy Reconsidered","https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4280&context=law-review","Mar 12, 2024 ... This difference reffects First Amendment law as it was when the American Law Institute ... misinformation. To update Nimmer's example: if ... what others think, ...","US","2024-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [68,"Truth over Disinformation","https://www.usagm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Strategic-Plan-2022-2026_Update_03-08-24_5pm.pdf","Mar 8, 2024 ... The goals flow directly from the U.S. Inter- national Broadcasting Act, USAGM's enabling legislation. Congress mandates. USAGM to do accurate, credible, and ...","US","2024-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [69,"KFF Health Misinformation Tracking Poll March 2024","https://files.kff.org/attachment/Topline-KFF-Health-Tracking-Poll-March-2024.pdf","Mar 7, 2024 ... Would you rather see the federal government pass laws to (protect abortion nationwide), pass laws to (prohibit abortion nationwide), or take no action on ...","US","2024-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [70,"People's Perceptions Toward Bias and Related Concepts in Large ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.14504","Mar 3, 2024 ... When human biases interact with model biases, researchers investigated related concepts about the spread of bias/misinformation due to confirmation bias and ...","Australia","2024-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [71,"Modeling And Understanding Dispute Causation In The US Public ...","https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/context/civarc_enveng_facwork/article/3699/viewcontent/Modeling_and_understanding_dispute_causation_in_the_us_public_private_partnership_projects.pdf","Mar 1, 2024 ... “Delivery of ICT systems for hospital. PPPs in Australia.” Eur. Public Private Partnership Law Rev. 6 (4):. 180–188. Chou, J. S., and C. Lin. 2013. “ ...","Australia","2024-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [72,"Combatting foreign interference in elections","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2024/759612/EPRS_ATA(2024)759612_EN.pdf","Mar 1, 2024 ... In February 2024, France uncovered a large Russian disinformation campaign in several EU countries, the UK and the US, aimed at undermining. EU support for ...","EU","2024-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [73,"Tackling Disinformation and Online Hate Speech:","https://carlospintodeabreu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/eng_dri_hate_speech.pdf","Feb 29, 2024 ... In two major initiatives unveiled in December 2020, the European Commission has announced that it will propose binding EU legislation on issues including paid ...","EU","2024-02-29T00:00:00"],
    [74,"Media Habits and Misinformation Susceptibility of Adults Aged 55 ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA2900/RRA2909-1/RAND_RRA2909-1.pdf","Feb 28, 2024 ... ... misinformation and disinformation ... Notley, Tanya, Simon Chambers, Sora Park, and Michael Dezuanni, Adult Media Literacy in Australia: Attitudes, Experiences ...","Australia","2024-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [75,"DISINFORMATION ON YOUTUBE: RESEARCH AND CONTENT ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240228_YouTube_factsheet.pdf","Feb 28, 2024 ... Within. Europe, the United Kingdom emerges as the leader with around 56.2 million internet users. Among the. European Union (EU) countries, Germany ranks ...","EU","2024-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [76,"A Law & Economics Approach to Social Media Regulation","https://laweconcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/3-A-LAW-ECONOMICS-APPROACH-TO-SOCIAL-MEDIA-REGULATION-Ben-Sperry.pdf","Feb 29, 2024 ... NEW TRANSPARENCY REGIME IN THE EU. By Natascha ... OF LAW & ECONOMICS TO. SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION. Below, I ... This may include rules against misinformation and.","EU","2024-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [77,"The Climate Policy Crisis: Governing Disinformation in the Digital Age","https://www.cigionline.org/documents/2559/DPH-paper-Heffernan.pdf","Feb 28, 2024 ... In Canada — like much of the rest of the world — efforts to achieve the targets laid out in the Paris Agreement and set by the federal government have been a ...","US","2024-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [78,"a Call to Regulate the Attention Market and Prevent Algorithmic ...","https://hal.science/hal-04479314/document","Feb 27, 2024 ... The authors of [42] suggest to rethink existing trade regula- tion laws such as antitrust and fair competition laws under the ... line misinformation”. In: ...","EU","2024-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [79,"Social and Regulatory Risks of AI:","https://www.magellangroup.com.au/index.cfm/_api/render/file/?method=inline&fileID=EB591537-D27F-4776-A93F990E846FEE62","Feb 25, 2024 ... A technology platform may inadvertently distribute misinformation that could be ... Each jurisdiction is approaching AI regulation differently, ranging from self- ...","Australia","2024-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [80,"Media Objectivity and Bias in Western Coverage of the Russian ...","https://sh.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1769389/FULLTEXT02.pdf","Feb 24, 2024 ... been involved in spreading misinformation to promote an agreement with government decisions and justify war actions. ... EU imposes sanctions on state-owned ...","EU","2024-02-24T00:00:00"],
    [81,"(Dis)information wars | Brookings Institution","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Disinformation-wars.pdf","Feb 23, 2024 ... 10 This procedure gives us a list of about 350 unsafe accounts that have initiated some verified piece of disinformation in the past. We next label an initial ...","US","2024-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [82,"Can Large Language Models Detect Misinformation in Scientific ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.14268","Feb 22, 2024 ... Can Large Language Models Detect Misinformation in Scientific. News Reporting? Yupeng Cao ycao33@stevens.edu. Stevens Institute of Technology. Hoboken, NJ, USA.","US","2024-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [83,"Overcoming digital threats to democracy | Lowy Institute","https://www.lowyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/KHALIL-Overcoming-digital-threats-to-democracy.pdf","Feb 21, 2024 ... misinformation, the increase in ... regulation of disinformation in the name of online safety runs into democratic ... Governance Putting Australia at Risk?","Australia","2024-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [84,"Transparency and targeting of political advertising","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2024/759590/EPRS_ATA(2024)759590_EN.pdf","Feb 21, 2024 ... The Commission proposal, which is based on Articles 114 and 16 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, aims to optimise the operation of the internal ...","EU","2024-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [85,"Remedies for \"Disinformation\"","https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1499&context=uoplawreview","Feb 20, 2024 ... 178 See generally EU Plans Stricter Consumer Protection Laws for Social Media, SOFIA NEWS AGENCY, 2018. WLNR 9032846 (MARCH 23, 2018). 179 See United States ...","EU","2024-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [86,"Written evidence submitted by Logically Executive Summary ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/128453/pdf/","Feb 20, 2024 ... platforms with over 45 million users in the EU under the bloc's Digital Services Act ... disseminate misinformation surrounding elections ... There appears to be a ...","EU","2024-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [87,"Exploring COVID-19 vaccine myths, misinformation, misconceptions ...","https://www.hvtn.org/content/dam/hvtn/scientific-programs/scholar-award/2024/exploring-covid-19-vaccine-myths-misinformation-misconceptions-and-sources-among-plhiv-on-the-covpn-3008-study-at-matero-crs-lusaka-zambia.pdf","Feb 20, 2024 ... Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine myths, misinformation and misconceptions may not only help us with the COVID-19 but any other future pandemics and/or ...","US","2024-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [88,"Courting Censorship","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/hamburger.pdf","Feb 20, 2024 ... Commerce Clause doctrine seems to authorize federal regulation of speech—something the Clause once seemed to preclude. In the shadow of this legislative power ...","US","2024-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [89,"The Government Response to the Report by the House of Lords AI ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65cb77caa7ded0000c79e526/Government_response_to_the_House_of_Lords_AI_in_Weapon_Systems_Committee_Report.pdf","Feb 19, 2024 ... This commitment derives from the UK's obligations under International Law and is further enshrined through the Defence AI Ethical Principles. Any UK military ...","Australia","2024-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [90,"Framing Online Speech Governance as an Algorithmic ...","https://ilj.law.indiana.edu/articles/Khan_Framing-Online-Speech-Governance.pdf","Feb 19, 2024 ... that help us frame the regulation of these tools as an algorithmic accountability ... For example, Facebook has repeatedly come under fire for the disinformation ...","US","2024-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [91,"disinformation in new and old media in the xxi century shaping the ...","https://www.aisdue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/DISINFORMATION-IN-NEW-AND-OLD-MEDIA-IN-THE-XXI-CENTURY-SHAPING-THE-NEW-BOUNDARIES-OF-FREE-SPEECH.pdf","Feb 18, 2024 ... Director, International and Comparative Legal Studies ... ROBERTO MASTROIANNI, General Court of the EU - University of Naples Federico II ... DISINFORMATION IN NEW ...","EU","2024-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [92,"MEDIA REGULATION Study on Serbia's Regulatory Authority's ...","https://rm.coe.int/hf42-study-on-serbia-regulatory-authority-legal-framework-eng/1680ad5bc6","Feb 17, 2024 ... As a candidate for membership of the European Union (EU), Serbia is expected to incorporate the EU acquis in the national legislative framework, and hence ...","EU","2024-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [93,"Bayesian Persuasion with Lie Detection","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w30065/w30065.pdf","Feb 17, 2024 ... Lies and misinformation have also become particularly widespread on social media. Half of. U.S. adults use social media for news consumption (Liedke and Wang, ...","US","2024-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [94,"Submission to: - Inquiry into Fake News","https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policy-institute/assets/cmcp/cmcp-consultation-fake-news.pdf","Feb 16, 2024 ... fake news on digital platforms;. • Explore the extent to which existing regulations, laws and norms remain relevant in a digital environment. 2. Explore ...","EU","2024-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [95,"BRIEFING. Addressing disinformation on the CSDDD: separating ...","https://corporatejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/BRIEFING.-Addressing-disinformation-on-the-CSDDD-separating-fact-from-fiction.pdf","Feb 15, 2024 ... During the EU legislative process over 100,000 EU citizens have signed a ... their legal certainty. 5. 4. FICTION: The CSDDD hurts the competitiveness of EU.","EU","2024-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [96,"DRUG POLICY","https://www.lrl.mn.gov/docs/2024/mandated/240343.pdf","Feb 15, 2024 ... approach to possession and sales in the US, using law enforcement as our primary lens. We will then describe and examine the evidence supporting legal ...","US","2024-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [97,"CPSFAMILY AND INVESTIGATIVE ASSESSMENTS POLICY ...","https://policies.ncdhhs.gov/wp-content/uploads/CPS-Assessments-Feb-2024_2.9.24.pdf","Feb 15, 2024 ... the extent permitted by federal law and regulations. ... The. Fourth Amendment to the U.S. ... To counter misinformation about prescription opioid use the ...","US","2024-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [98,"Disinformation and the Role of Social Media In uencers in Times of ...","https://www.aspeninstitute.de/wp-content/uploads/Disinformation-and-the-Role-of-Social-Media-Influencers-in-Times-of-Crises-Conflicts-and-Wars-Recommendations-on-Countering-Disinformation-2.pdf","Feb 14, 2024 ... EU and German Responses to Disinformation in Times of Crisis and ... 18 Official Journal of the European Union, Regulation ... and impact of dis- and misinformation ...","EU","2024-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [99,"Tip Sheet: Transcending Disinformation","https://transcend.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Tip-Sheet_Transcending-Disinformation_Final_V1_February2024.pdf.pdf","Feb 14, 2024 ... Disinformation fuels anti-trans legislation and ... trans rights, especially in the US and more ... misinformation, and · disinformation? Tip Sheet: Transcending ...","US","2024-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [100,"Generative AI and Disinformation: Recent Advances, Challenges ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Generative-AI-and-Disinformation_-White-Paper-v8.pdf","Feb 13, 2024 ... While the Digital Services Act is set to address this major problem, improved access to data is unlikely to happen on time for the EU elections. 3. Recent ...","EU","2024-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [101,"Misinformation","https://www.katyisd.org/cms/lib/TX50010808/Centricity/Domain/5857/February%202024.pdf","Feb 13, 2024 ... within law, within science, so it's very broad.” ... ith Fake News in High School. Tips to Avoid Misinformation ... Our chefs are very able to teach us properly and ...","US","2024-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [102,"Disinformation Storm","https://csd.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/publications_library/files/2024_2/Disinformation-Storm_Publication_EN.pdf","Feb 12, 2024 ... unity and integrity of the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty. Organization (NATO). The annexation of Crimea in 2014 was a major dress ...","EU","2024-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [103,"NSF 24-007: Scientific Integrity Policy | NSF - U.S. National Science ...","https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2024/nsf24007/nsf24007.pdf","Feb 12, 2024 ... Integrity, as defined by NSF and by the U.S. Federal ... 48 CFR § 3, Federal Acquisition Regulation. 16 ... Misinformation refers to incorrect, misleading, or ...","US","2024-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [104,"Prebunking and Credible Source Corrections Increase Election ...","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/5/2293/files/2024/02/voter-fraud-corrections-e163369556a2d7a4.pdf","Feb 12, 2024 ... corrections and prebunking at countering election misinformation in the U.S. and Brazil. ... Voters are protected by state and federal law ... -Federal law ...","US","2024-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [105,"AI and the Regulatory Challenge: a New Framework Using the ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4723489_code6257339.pdf?abstractid=4619256","Feb 10, 2024 ... What US legislation could prevent the establishment of “cyber weapons mills” in foreign ... AI-generated content can be used to create convincing fake news,.","US","2024-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [106,"allegations of Russian interference in the democratic processes of ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0079_EN.pdf","Feb 8, 2024 ... integrity in the EU institutions by setting up an independent EU ... MEPs to create pro-Kremlin and anti-EU disinformation content; ... financing legislation, find ...","EU","2024-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [107,"Fake News: Finding Truth in Strategic Communication","https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6260&context=doctoral","Feb 7, 2024 ... Last night, @JoeBiden rambled for a while, but it seems he forgot to share the facts: In my plan, I suggested the following: All federal legislation sunsets in ...","US","2024-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [108,"Fake News, Disinformation, and Deepfakes: Leveraging Distributed ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.05386","Feb 6, 2024 ... Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its Member State. HEC Paris Research Paper No. LAW-2019-1341, 2019.","EU","2024-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [109,"DISINFORMATION ON TIKTOK: RESEARCH AND CONTENT ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240205_TikTok_factsheet.pdf","Feb 5, 2024 ... ... European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA). In ... legal considerations (e.g., copyright laws ... EU/EEA countries about TikTok's efforts to combat online ...","EU","2024-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [110,"Tailoring Responsibility Annex A Corporate Responses","https://www.shu.ac.uk/-/media/home/research/helena-kennedy-centre/projects/tailoring-responsibility-annex-a-corporate-responses-v-5-feb-24.pdf","Feb 5, 2024 ... and associated individuals to potential legal action. ... This began with our client's acquisition of a 15,000 hectare cotton farm in New South Wales, Australia, ...","Australia","2024-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [111,"Media Reform Coalition—written evidence (FON0029)","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/128378/pdf/","Feb 4, 2024 ... do give us some hints as to why trust in journalists, journalism and news in ... They need to be willing enthusiasts for independent and effective regulation ...","US","2024-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [112,"Institutional rates 2024 Personal rates 2024 Warm up Editorials ...","https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/58/3.toc.pdf","Feb 1, 2024 ... Joanne Kemp (Australia). Nonhlanhla Mkumbuzi ... to the fullest extent permitted by law. Readers ... misinformation e4. Correction: 2023 International Olympic.","Australia","2024-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [113,"A GLOBAL VIEW OF POLICYMAKING","https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Aspen-Digital_Generative-AI-Regulation-and-Cybersecurity_January-2024.pdf","Jan 31, 2024 ... As governments dash to install legal and regulatory ... The EU dimension of regulatory efforts, particularly the EU ... massive disinformation/misinformation ( ...","EU","2024-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [114,"The Role of Trust in Platform Regulation","https://www.jura.uni-frankfurt.de/148641390/2024_01_29_Peukert_Trust_in_Platform_Regulation.pdf","Jan 29, 2024 ... Proposition #1: EU law does not perceive online ... – Peukert 2023: Who Decides What Counts as · Disinformation in the EU? – Peukert 2023: The Regulation of ...","EU","2024-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [115,"Comparing Political Communication: A 2023 Update","https://osf.io/pq4yf/download/?format=pdf","Jan 28, 2024 ... Where democracy and the rule of law have not yet been consolidated, journalism is characterized by ideological opinion and ethically flexible behaviour. There ...","Australia","2024-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [116,"Techno-legal Solutionism: Regulating Children's Online Safety in ...","https://www.danah.org/papers/2024/Techno-legal_Solutionism_PREPRINT.pdf","Jan 28, 2024 ... Angel and danah boyd. 2024. Techno-legal Solutionism: Regulating Children's Online Safety in the. United States. In CSLAW'24: 3rd ACM Computer Science and Law ...","US","2024-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [117,"A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MAINSTREAM AND PARTISAN NEWS ...","https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/63552/research.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=2","Jan 27, 2024 ... Mixed symbolism around immigration provides a wealth of political capital for legislators designing policy around the issue that selectively decide legal status ...","Australia","2024-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [118,"Three Critiques of Disinformation (For-Hire) Scholarship: Definitional ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051231224732?download=true","Jan 27, 2024 ... disinformation, fake news, misinformation ... myanmar-genocide-us-uk-legal-action-social-media-violence ... twitter-us-disinformation-russia-china-iran-1849452348.","US","2024-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [119,"Identity Groups, Susceptibility to Political Fake News and Social ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4704493_code6201479.pdf?abstractid=4595215","Jan 27, 2024 ... It helps us address a critical challenge that is faced by modern democratic societies in which the spread of false or misleading information can have far- ...","US","2024-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [120,"“Disinformation in the Indo-Pacific”","https://www.npi.or.jp/en/research/data/f1c48ff15cfe9a442cfcc0ec900b31df07e4acec.pdf","Jan 26, 2024 ... In response, Australia took extensive steps including conducting investigations into the conduct of elections and related threats, assessing the impact of fake ...","Australia","2024-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [121,"Ethical Standards for Election Administration","https://www.ali.org/media/filer_public/8c/e0/8ce078e3-5b39-47ce-b393-4d5fbeec18be/ethical_standards_for_election_officials-jan2024.pdf","Jan 26, 2024 ... ... laws that regulate how elections will be conducted. American election laws have always emphasized mutual accountability rooted in an adversarial legal system.","US","2024-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [122,"POLICIES","https://mpld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/MEPLD-Policies-Jan-2024.pdf","Jan 26, 2024 ... (i). Required to do so under State of federal law, rules or regulations, or the collection , use or disclosure of the SSN is otherwise necessary for the ...","US","2024-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [123,"How different incentives reduce scientific misinformation online","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/ronzani_different_incentives_20240125.pdf","Jan 25, 2024 ... when their judgment could affect others. ... misinformation-disinformation-cost.pdf. Chapman, G. B. (2019). A ... the U.S. Scientific Reports, 10, 10722. https ...","US","2024-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [124,"Intimidation of State and Local Officeholders","https://www.brennancenter.org/es/media/12120/download","Jan 25, 2024 ... Hankerson, eds ., An. Unrepresentative Democracy: How Disinformation and Online. Abuse Hinder Women of Color Political Candidates in the United. States, Center ...","US","2024-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [125,"Ignorance is Strength: Climate Change, Corporate Governance ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4705107_code4175908.pdf?abstractid=4705107&mirid=1&type=2","Jan 24, 2024 ... It is settled law that corporations and institutional investors may take into account ESG factors that are rationally related to the profitability of their ...","Australia","2024-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [126,"Bulletin and Handbook of Policies","https://lawschool.unm.edu/academics/common/docs/bulletin-handbook-policies.pdf","Jan 24, 2024 ... of recommendation; correcting any misinformation provided to the School of Law; ... and Regents' policies, New Mexico State Law and United States Federal Law.","US","2024-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [127,"Fake news research trends, linkages to generative artificial ...","https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(24)00758-8.pdf","Jan 24, 2024 ... stances in countries such as the US ... A sociotechnical model of media effects, Georgetown law technology review 2 (2) (2018) 474–512. ... Larson, Measuring the ...","US","2024-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [128,"building resilence of ukrainian fact-checkers in the fight against ...","https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/bitstreams/c9935789-9581-4514-9bc1-a6baf0c62235/download","Jan 23, 2024 ... The members are participating in several European, national and regional research projects such as the Jean Monnet Chair “EU, disinformation & fake news” (UC3M, ...","EU","2024-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [129,"Turning Fake Data into Fake News: AI Training Set as a Trojan ...","https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3470&context=sdlr","Jan 23, 2024 ... As United States Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., suggested, laws are not writtenfor the “good man,” becausegood people will tend to obey moral ...","US","2024-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [130,"The Economics of Information in a World of Disinformation: A Survey ...","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w32049/w32049.pdf","Jan 22, 2024 ... American Economic Review, 81(1), March 1991, pp. 179-190. Reprinted in Selected Works of Joseph E. Stiglitz, Volume I: Information and. Economic Analysis, ...","US","2024-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [131,"In Media We Trust - A Solution to Disinformation and Fake News in ...","https://redfame.com/journal/index.php/smc/article/download/6583/6437","Jan 21, 2024 ... and judgment of media content; in short, with the process of mass communication and the challenges it brings and with the way in which audiences receive and ...","Australia","2024-01-21T00:00:00"],
    [132,"Enhancing the Efficiency of Combating Disinformation: A CEE ...","https://www.globsec.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/Enhancing%20the%20Efficiency%20of%20Combating%20Disinformation%20-%20A%20CEE%20Perspective.pdf","Jan 18, 2024 ... EU legislation itself nurtures the creation of these groups.18 The European Central Bank, ENISA, Europol, and major European financial institutions have ...","EU","2024-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [133,"Disinformation and Hate Speech: Ethnoreligious Rhetoric on TikTok ...","https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/340152/oksd_jalli_disinformation_and_hate_speech_2024.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y","Jan 17, 2024 ... propaganda in several countries, including the US and Russia (Gilbert, 2022). ... Rethinking regulation and responses. Cambridge ... misinformation-and- ...","US","2024-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [134,"Negationism and anti-vaccine misinformation by Jair Bolsonaro","https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/download/7897/14794/15400","Jan 16, 2024 ... 2010), which enables us to understand the narrative production of intentional disinformation and its collective and social appropriation. HHC offers us an ...","US","2024-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [135,"`One Style Does Not Regulate All': Moderation Practices in Public ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.08091","Jan 16, 2024 ... Several studies with WhatsApp users based in India [60, 99], Singapore [67], and the US [28] show that young group members usually ignore misinformation shared ...","US","2024-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [136,"Exploring the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Data Integrity ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4693987_code5915012.pdf?abstractid=4693987","Jan 13, 2024 ... The UK's. AI regulation mirrors the EU's, emphasizing data privacy, security, and ethical considerations. [14,25]. The Information Commissioner's Office. (ICO) ...","EU","2024-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [137,"How online misinformation exploits 'information voids'","https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00030-x.pdf","Jan 11, 2024 ... misinformation and disinformation. ... for regulation. Applications considered 'high ... Researchers have a small window in which to fix the gaps in the EU's plans.","EU","2024-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [138,"DISINFORMATION ON X: RESEARCH AND CONTENT ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240116_Twitter-X_factsheet.pdf","Jan 11, 2024 ... ... Act (DSA)'s requirements. In the meantime, rumour has it that Elon Musk might consider removing the platform from Europe due to the legislation. • In ...","EU","2024-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [139,"COUNTERING DISINFORMATION EFFECTIVELY","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Carnegie_Countering_Disinformation_Effectively.pdf","Jan 10, 2024 ... though these efforts, like the Australia law, have faced strong initial pushback from big tech companies.38. Page 32. 23. MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION. CASE STUDY 2.","Australia","2024-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [140,"Terrorism, Extremism, Disinformation and Artificial Intelligence: A ...","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Terrorism-extremism-disinformation-and-artificial-intelligence_A-primer-for-policy-practitioners.pdf","Jan 10, 2024 ... Deepfakes Are Coming: Does Australia Come. Prepared? Canberra Law Review, 17(2). 81 Salam, E. (2023) US mother gets call from 'kidnapped daughter'.","Australia","2024-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [141,"Managing uncertainty","https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/69285/forward-look-2024_10-january-2024_web.pdf","Jan 10, 2024 ... 2024 is set to be a decisive year for EU legislation on digital issues and AI. The effectiveness of EU enforcement of the Digital Markets Act and Digital.","EU","2024-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [142,"Hearing on “Oversight of A.I.: The Future of Journalism” United ...","https://www.newsmediaalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/LeGeyt.SJC_.AI_.FINAL_.1.10.24.pdf","Jan 10, 2024 ... AI Imperils Broadcasters' Unique Level of Trust in American Media. As this subcommittee is keenly aware, the danger of deliberate misinformation online is clear ...","US","2024-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [143,"Fact-checking and related Risk-Mitigation Measures for ...","https://efcsn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/EFCSN-%E2%80%93-Fact-checking-and-related-Risk-Mitigation-Measures-for-Disinformation-in-the-Very-Large-Online-Platforms.pdf","Jan 9, 2024 ... Telegram is a critical actor in the dissemination of disinformation in the EU and more attention should be devoted to effective DSA implementation on its public ...","EU","2024-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [144,"Policy implications of artificial intelligence (AI)","https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-0708/POST-PN-0708.pdf","Jan 9, 2024 ... Misinformation and disinformation. Generative AI ... data protection law, such as the Data Protection Act 2018,227 that affects data ... EU · AI Act: first ...","EU","2024-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [145,"PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE","https://media.healthecareers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/10231245/Utah-1_24-WEB.pdf","Jan 9, 2024 ... You can join us from anywhere in the state (or on planet earth!) for this UNA tradition of discussing upcoming state legislation that is important to nursing ...","US","2024-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [146,"2nd EEAS Report on Foreign Information Manipulation and ...","https://euneighbourseast.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/eeas-2nd-report-on-fimi-threats-january-2024_0-compressed.pdf","Jan 9, 2024 ... ... Regulation and EU External Action. Page 14. REPORT ... (September 2020) The EU's Role in Fighting Disinformation: ... Combatting Disinformation, Misinformation & ...","EU","2024-01-08T00:00:00"],
    [147,"AI and Content Moderation","https://www.chase-india.com/media/faengjxy/ai-and-content-moderation.pdf","Jan 8, 2024 ... the creation and spread of misinformation/ disinformation, fake news, etc. ... law. • Additionally, AI systems used for content ... eu/en/library/2022-.","EU","2024-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [148,"Memo - 2024 Tech Policy Outlook","https://progresschamber.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Memo-2024-Tech-Policy-Outlook.pdf","Jan 8, 2024 ... with the goal of promoting continued US ... images and video to produce electoral misinformation. ... Federal courts have enjoined both California's law and ...","US","2024-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [149,"Presidential Election Disruptions: Balancing the Rule of Law and ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=vrdf","Jan 6, 2024 ... Part II overviews the federal legal regime for presidential elections before surveying state laws for responding to election disruptions. Finally, Part III ...","US","2024-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [150,"Risk communication and community engagement in the context of ...","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267446/pdf?isPublishedV2=false","Jan 5, 2024 ... Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ... However, they only wore them when compelled to do so by law enforcement. ... COVID-19 ...","Australia","2024-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [151,"Russia's information aggression before and during the Kremlin's ...","https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/187381/120456314.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 5, 2024 ... (2019) 'Fundamental rights as bycatch – Russia's anti fake news legislation', ... 'Inoculating against misinformation', – ... (2020a) 'The EU is Hitler's 'New ...","EU","2024-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [152,"An Assessment of Russia's Disinformation Campaigns in the","https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/187334/120460845.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 5, 2024 ... rule of law are still present, and the road to EU ... NED (2017) Issue Brief: Distinguishing Disinformation from Propaganda, Misinformation, and “Fake ... 2023) ' ...","EU","2024-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [153,"Characteristics and prevalence of fake social media profiles with AI ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.02627","Jan 5, 2024 ... The Digital Services Act by the European. Union mandates that large social media platforms, including Twitter and Meta, provide data access to researchers, ...","EU","2024-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [154,"Analyzing Misinformation Claims During the 2022 Brazilian General ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.02395","Jan 4, 2024 ... In its agreement with the TSE for the 2022 elections, Twitter agreed to activate search prompts and warnings with official information on top of content related ...","EU","2024-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [155,"2024 Policy book","https://www.ncba.org/Media/NCBAorg/Docs/2024-ncba-policy-book.pdf","Jan 4, 2024 ... European Union and Australia due to different ... U.S. beef production and correct misinformation being ... opposes any legislation, regulation, trade agreement or.","Australia","2024-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [156,"Why are digital health policies crucial?","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13696998.2024.2302254","Jan 3, 2024 ... misinformation. Interoperability, or the ability ... The AI Act introduces a risk-based approach and technology-neutral definitions for AI systems in EU law, ...","EU","2024-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [157,"Psychological reactance, misinformation, and distrust: A mixed ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8DF1D5404EFBD4508025B0872926B990/S2059866124000153a.pdf/div-class-title-psychological-reactance-misinformation-and-distrust-a-mixed-methods-analysis-of-covid-19-vaccine-uptake-div.pdf","Jan 3, 2024 ... We thank our participants for sharing their experiences with us. ... J Health Polit Policy. Law. 2020;45(6):967–981. 33 ... Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine ...","US","2024-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [158,"Submission of Reddit, Inc. In Response to the Communications ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32403-reddit-inc.pdf","Jan 2, 2024 ... Reddit has serious concerns about the draft Communications Legislation Amendment. (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 (the Bill). We are ...","Australia","2024-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [159,"Article - Physicians Spreading Medical Misinformation: The Uneasy ...","https://minnesotalawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2.5_Saver.pdf","Jan 2, 2024 ... medical misinformation law. For ... to misinformation, disinformation may trigger different legal ... in THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF U.S. HEALTH LAW 465, 467–70 (I.","US","2024-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [160,"Foreign Interference Online: Where Disinformation Infringes on ...","https://www.cigionline.org/documents/2504/FoT_PB_no.3.pdf","Jan 3, 2024 ... legislation and policy. He has appeared on ... A US intelligence report on the Russian disinformation campaign targeting the US 2016 ... and diverse channels for ...","US","2024-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [161,"Privacy Policy - Injury Matters","https://www.injurymatters.org.au/privacy-policy/","Jan 1, 2024 ... Injury Matters is bound by Australian laws that impose specific obligations when it comes to the handling of personal information. The organisation has adopted ...","Australia","2024-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [162,"DISINFORMATION ON TELEGRAM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ...","https://www.pssi.cz/download/docs/10984_disinformation-on-telegram-in-the-czech-republic-organizational-and-financial-backround.pdf","Jan 1, 2024 ... In the context of EU regulation of digital platforms, Telegram is not a signatory of the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, nor is it a designated very ...","EU","2024-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [163,"Submission re the Misinformation Bill 2023","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3355-diane-sutton.pdf","Jan 1, 2024 ... If it does, it has made a judgment about the truth of these complaints, and thus about the truth of specific content; which the fact sheet tells us the ACMA ...","US","2024-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [164,"DISINFORMATION ON TELEGRAM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ...","https://www.pssi.cz/download//docs/10984_disinformation-on-telegram-in-the-czech-republic-organizational-and-financial-backround.pdf","Jan 1, 2024 ... In the context of EU regulation of digital platforms, Telegram is not a signatory of the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, nor is it a designated very ...","EU","2023-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [165,"Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation Bill 2023 Grammar ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34760-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) does not have the power, authority, nor mandate to enforce any laws outside of Australia. Information ...","Australia","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [166,"Misinformation and Disinformation Bill Submission","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34716-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... The Australian government's proposed Bill for combatting misinformation and ... new legislation, many Australians would not see that as a necessary move for their.","Australia","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [167,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33048-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023. As far as I understand, this proposed bill will give the Australian. Communications and Media ...","Australia","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [168,"Misinformation and Disinformation Bill 2023","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34431-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... of the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combating Misinformation and Disinformation) ... 20000-excess-deaths-for-2022-in-australia/.","Australia","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [169,"Comments on Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33490-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... One man's information is another man's misinformation. Wikipedia tells us that Australia does not have freedom of speech in any constitutional or statutory ...","Australia","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [170,"Submission on the Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34193-anonymous.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... Submission on the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and ... • Division of the people through “them and us ... that has been enacted ...","US","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [171,"Combating Disinformation and Misinformation Analysis of INSPIRES ...","https://r4d.org/wp-content/uploads/INSPIRES-FRF-Disinformation-learning-brief-2023-12-final.pdf","Dec 30, 2023 ... This media also referenced as it is independent media. It is one of the main sources of information – so for us, this is a really great success. \" The emphasis ...","US","2023-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [172,"MASS MEDIA AND MISINFORMATION OF CONFLICT REPORTAGE ...","https://www.ijcr.eu/articole/651_003%20Kwapsoni%20Pius%20Kaigama.pdf","Dec 29, 2023 ... Undoubtedly, mass media performance in reporting conflict has attracted a score of studies around the world and more so in Nigeria. There seems to be agreement ...","EU","2023-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [173,"EXPOSURE DRAFT OF THE COMMUNICATIONS LEGISLATION ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32857-lesley-mccormick.pdf","Dec 29, 2023 ... (COMBATTING MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION) BILL 2023. Very few Australian residents have legal qualifications, and consequently do not understand the ...","Australia","2023-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [174,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-16907-malcolm-vivian.pdf","Dec 29, 2023 ... Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023. Dear [NAME]. As a member in my ... Declaration of Human Rights) of which Australia is a signatory. I have also ...","Australia","2023-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [175,"Disinformation & disinformation laws submission","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33133-marguerita-vorobioff.pdf","Dec 29, 2023 ... A country where the freedom to express myself freely, and question a dictated government narrative, without fear of punishment or reprisal, is not the Australia ...","Australia","2023-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [176,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32406-stuart-withrington.pdf","Dec 27, 2023 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) ... The inclusion of “disruption of public order or society in Australia” in ...","Australia","2023-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [177,"Misinformation as a Harm: Structured Approaches for Fact-Checking ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11678","Dec 27, 2023 ... of severity from legal, law enforcement, and health professional perspectives. ... Latin America, North America ... For instance, health related misinformation is ...","US","2023-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [178,"Regulating Artificial Intelligence*","https://jguerreiro.com/files/GRT_AIRegulation.pdf","Dec 26, 2023 ... manipulated to act against their self-interest through misinformation or exploitation ... different regulatory proposals put forth by policymakers in Europe ...","EU","2023-12-26T00:00:00"],
    [179,"The Media Bias Taxonomy: A Systematic Literature Review on the ...","https://media-bias-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/spinde2023.pdf","Dec 26, 2023 ... For details on fake news and its detection, we recommend referring to the two literature reviews [63, 227]. 4 RELATED WORK AND THEORETICAL EMBEDDING. This ...","Australia","2023-12-25T00:00:00"],
    [180,"Submission on misinformation bill","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33001-jv-forest.pdf","Dec 24, 2023 ... RE: Exposure draft of the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting. Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023. ... impeded, then Australia risks being ...","Australia","2023-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [181,"From: Julia C To: Information Integrity Subject: Submission on ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3726-julia-chant.pdf","Dec 23, 2023 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 ... Australia enjoy today. Regards. Julia Chant. Sent with Proton ...","Australia","2023-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [182,"Unmasking Disinformation and Misinformation in South Sudan ...","https://dr.211check.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Unmasking-Disinformation-and-Misinformation-in-South-Sudan_Understanding-the-Landscape-Defining-Strategies.pdf","Dec 22, 2023 ... The legal definition of disinformation and misinformation remains a challenge for both ... According to the Nation al Library of Australia, 4 disinformation is ...","Australia","2023-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [183,"Misinformation, Disinformation & Content Moderation","https://www.webpurify.com/collateral/WebPurify_Misinformation_eBook_v2.1.pdf","Dec 22, 2023 ... The 2016 US election was a turning point, as. James recalls, “It's where people woke up both from an industry standpoint as well as a regulation and public ...","US","2023-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [184,"Current issues and status of mis/disinformation in the health library ...","https://www.johila.org/index.php/Johila/article/view/173/253","Dec 21, 2023 ... The publications under review have been included in Appendix 1. Acknowledgement. This review was presented at the Asia-Pacific Conference on Health, Law & ...","Australia","2023-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [185,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33728-stephen-paton.pdf","Dec 19, 2023 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill. 2023. In the contemporary digital era, where information ...","US","2023-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [186,"FDA Fiscal Year 2025 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/176925/download?attachment","Dec 18, 2023 ... Despite the enormous workload and societal forces – like the ease of spreading misinformation and erosion of public trust in science – that make the mission ...","EU","2023-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [187,"Addressing Gendered Disinformation:","https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/node/resource/Addressing%20Gendered%20Disinformation%20Review%20and%20Analysis.pdf","Dec 15, 2023 ... disinformation: Governments can enact laws that address ... https://www disinfo eu/publications/gender-based-disinformation-.","EU","2023-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [188,"Quality and Consumer Information - Insights Report - What We Have ...","https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-02/Quality%20and%20Consumer%20Information%20Insights%20Report%20What%20We%20Have%20Heard.pdf","Dec 15, 2023 ... • Two were held in South Australia. Through conversations with organisations ... Misinformation: False or wrong information about the NDIS or NDIS services ...","Australia","2023-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [189,"Older Adults' Experiences with Misinformation on Social Media","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.09354","Dec 14, 2023 ... ... law- suits ... using layperson judgments to combat misinformation ... 6) In your opinion, how misinformation will evolve and affect the forthcoming US 2024 ...","US","2023-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [190,"Disinformation ahead of the EU Parliamentary Elections: A snapshot ...","https://www.epc.eu/content/publications/Disinformation_DP_v4.pdf","Dec 13, 2023 ... Under Kiril Petkov's government in Bulgaria established a legal framework to combat disinformation. A Ministry of E-Governance was established with the task of.","EU","2023-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [191,"TOWARDS COHERENT RULES ON THE PROMINENCE OF MEDIA ...","https://cerre.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CERRE_Prominence-of-Media-Content_Issue-Paper.pdf","Dec 13, 2023 ... The EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) addresses for the first time in EU legislation some of the issues raised by 'recommender systems' which the DSA defines as « ...","EU","2023-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [192,"MISINFORMATION AND COVID-19","https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2947&context=lawreview","Dec 13, 2023 ... Jacobson, Understanding those who do not Understand: A Brief Review of the. Anti-Vaccine Movement, 19 VACCINE 2440 (2001). Page 7. 152. SANTA CLARA LAW REVIEW.","EU","2023-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [193,"Hello, There is a clear danger in the \"Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32820-john-cleverdon.pdf","Dec 13, 2023 ... There is a clear danger in the \"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation ... What such legislation means is that Australia will no longer ...","Australia","2023-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [194,"Censorship Laundering By The U.S. Department Of Homeland ...","https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/116663/witnesses/HHRG-118-HM09-Wstate-ShellenbergerM-20231213.pdf","Dec 13, 2023 ... that they didn't break the law. According to the ... that the US government, in ... • “Simulate misinformation and disinformation campaigns, and responses to.","US","2023-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [195,"Science & Technology Policy Brief - Artificial Intelligence","https://prsindia.org/files/policy/Sci_Tech_Brief-Artificial_Intelligence.pdf","Dec 12, 2023 ... In Australia, the Privacy Regulator ordered. Clearview AI to delete its datasets ... 13 “EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence”,. Website of ...","Australia","2023-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [196,"The Threat of Digital Disinformation: A European Approach","https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1818072/FULLTEXT02.pdf","Dec 11, 2023 ... i.e., disinformation, misinformation, and fake news, has grown and received more academic ... Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital Space.","EU","2023-12-11T00:00:00"],
    [197,"I refer specifically to the government's misinformation regarding the ...","https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/submissions/PMC-CGCRI-2023-0310.pdf","Dec 11, 2023 ... Australians do not trust their government anymore. You sold us out. Look at what worked... Nothing stopped covid, nothing the WHO recommended stopped the spread ...","US","2023-12-11T00:00:00"],
    [198,"Russian Disinformation on NATO Expansion and the War in Ukraine","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2125&context=jss","Dec 9, 2023 ... The European Union (EU) and the United ... disinformation operations, and to help citizens in Europe and beyond ... in Europe Final Act, November 21, 1975, https ...","EU","2023-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [199,"Enhancing Policy and Regulatory Approaches to Strengthen Digital ...","https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/935711/sdwp-091-digital-platform-data-economies.pdf","Dec 9, 2023 ... Australia maintains one common legal framework, the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, which ... Malaysia Repeals Controversial Fake News Law. CNN. 17 August ...","Australia","2023-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [200,"Video-Sharing Platform Services Online Harms Evidence Review","https://www.cnam.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PAConsulting_Online-Harms-Evidence-Review_vFinal.pdf","Dec 7, 2023 ... also favour controversy, misinformation, and extremism: put simply, people just ... • Internet regulation: New laws in the UK, Australia and Europe require ...","Australia","2023-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [201,"Addressing misinformation on the regulation of mRNA vaccines","https://www.ogtr.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-12/addressing_misinformation_on_the_regulation_of_mrna_vaccines_0.pdf","Dec 6, 2023 ... The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is responsible for assessing all COVID-19 vaccines before they can be used in Australia. The TGA rigorously ...","Australia","2023-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [202,"COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation in Middle Income Countries","https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.237.pdf","Dec 6, 2023 ... The gov- ernment ban was due to political and economic factors and was lifted when Twitter agreed to legal and financial terms (BBC News, 2022). (1). (2). (3).","Australia","2023-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [203,"Countering Misinformation via Emotional Response Generation","https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.703.pdf","Dec 6, 2023 ... law (8.05%). FF data are written in a journalistic style, dry and formal, very different from the style employed on SMPs. 3.2 Author: LLM Instructions. To ...","Australia","2023-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [204,"The Intended Uses of Automated Fact-Checking Artefacts: Why, How ...","https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.577.pdf","Dec 6, 2023 ... pages 231–240, Melbourne, Australia. Association for Computational Linguistics. Manoel Horta ... Civil Society Responses to Sin- gapore's Online “Fake News” Law.","Australia","2023-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [205,"Towards Reliable Misinformation Mitigation: Generalization ...","https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.395.pdf","Dec 6, 2023 ... The Supreme Court of the United States has the power to interpret the Constitu- tion and determine the constitutionality of laws [...] Although PolitiFact ...","US","2023-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [206,"PARLIAMENTARY HANDBOOK ON DISINFORMATION, AI AND ...","https://www.cpahq.org/media/sphl0rft/handbook-on-disinformation-ai-and-synthetic-media.pdf","Dec 4, 2023 ... The G7 Hiroshima Artificial Intelligence Process and the European Union's forthcoming AI Act represent two emerging initiatives that embed disinformation in a ...","EU","2023-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [207,"Malign foreign interference and information influence on video game ...","https://www.mpf.se/assets/uploads/2023/12/Malign-foreign-interference-and-information-influence-on-video-games-platforms-1.pdf","Dec 4, 2023 ... Disinformation & misinformation. 59. Historical ... national and EU legislation (European Parliament, 2022, p. ... Disinformation & misinformation. The use of video ...","EU","2023-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [208,"Malign foreign interference and information influence on video game ...","https://www.mpf.se/assets/uploads/2023/12/Malign_foreign_interference_and_information_influence_on_video_game_platforms_Understanding_the_adversarial_playbook.pdf","Dec 4, 2023 ... Disinformation & misinformation. 59. Historical appropriation. 60. Recruitment ... Breaking Ban: Belgium's Ineffective Gambling Law Regulation of. VideoGame ...","Australia","2023-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [209,"PARLIAMENTARY HANDBOOK ON DISINFORMATION, AI AND ...","https://www.cpahq.org/media/ivih25ue/handbook-on-disinformation-ai-and-synthetic-media.pdf","Dec 4, 2023 ... For instance, in the US, the regulation of artificial intelligence, specifically deepfakes, is being addressed both at the federal and state levels. Several ...","US","2023-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [210,"Mis-and Disinformation: Extremism in the Digital Age","https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/CTPN%20Report%202023%20-%20Mis-and%20Disinformation%2C%20Extremism%20in%20the%20Digital%20Age%20%28Single%20Pages%29.pdf","Dec 4, 2023 ... A Mis-and Disinformation Fueled Attack on the US Capitol ... In its truest form, this requires political leadership, robust legislation and regulation, as well as.","US","2023-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [211,"Submission to the Minister for Communications - MS23-003399 ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/FOI24-144-document.pdf","Dec 3, 2023 ... Structure of the Bill: The key elements of the Communications Legislation Amendment (Com batting Disinformation). Bill 2023 include: Schedule 1: Main ...","EU","2023-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [212,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN POLAND","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20231203_PL_DisinfoFS.pdf","Dec 3, 2023 ... These narratives, along with criticism of EU migration policy, proved effective. The Law and Justice (PiS) party managed to win the elections with a significant ...","EU","2023-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [213,"Toolbox of Interventions Against Online Misinformation","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/x8ejt/download","Dec 3, 2023 ... Western Australia, Australia. 3School of Psychological ... that can inform policy discussions about misinformation countermeasures and plat- form regulation.","Australia","2023-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [214,"Which linguistic cues make people fall for fake news? A comparison ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.03751","Dec 2, 2023 ... Australia; Stefan Feuerriegel, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl ... Emotion may predict susceptibility to fake news but emotion regulation does not seem to help.","Australia","2023-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [215,"enclosure 1: directed actions in support of the accountability and ...","https://media.defense.gov/2023/Nov/30/2003349064/-1/-1/0/CCG'S%20DIRECTED%20ACTIONS%20-%20ACCOUNTABILITY%20AND%20TRANSPARENCY%20W%20ENCL.508-COMPLIANT.PDF","Dec 1, 2023 ... The Coast Guard relies on contractors meeting legal requirements under the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Council. Anecdotally, some large Coast Guard ...","US","2023-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [216,"Towards a better future: Enacting policy and legislation to guarantee ...","https://caribbean.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/policy_brief_2023_towards_a_better_future_enacting_policy_and_legislation_to_guarantee_cse.pdf","Dec 1, 2023 ... 7 PAHO/WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Accelerating progress toward the reduction of adolescent pregnancy in Latin America and the. Caribbean, 2018. 8 UNICEF, Child ...","US","2023-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [217,"Censorship and Foreign Propaganda in the European Union:","https://www.iiea.com/images/uploads/resources/Censorship_and_Foreign_Propaganda_in_the_EU.pdf","Nov 30, 2023 ... ... fake-news-and-discreditation-laws/. 43. Turkey: new 'disinformation' law could jail journalists for three years | Turkey | The Guardian, https://www ...","EU","2023-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [218,"Armenia's Fight Against Disinformation: Towards a Whole-of-Society ...","https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/Armenia%E2%80%99s-Fight-Against-Disinformation_EN.pdf","Nov 30, 2023 ... This requires explicit co-ownership of information security by a variety of players across government, civil society, and the private sector. A Legal and ...","EU","2023-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [219,"The Censorship-Industrial Complex, Part 2","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/shellenberger_testimony.pdf","Nov 30, 2023 ... ISD accepts funding from many governments, including Australia ... national portal for alleged misinformation with independent academic veneer, to avoid legal ...","Australia","2023-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [220,"CLIMATE CHANGE DISINFORMATION LIABILITY UNDER THE ...","https://www.eli.org/sites/default/files/files-pdf/53.10900.pdf","Nov 30, 2023 ... 1978); Federal Trade Comm'n v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 778. F.2d 35 (D.C. Cir. 1985). Copyright © 2023 Environmental Law Institute® ...","US","2023-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [221,"DISINFORMATION AND 2022 ELECTIONS IN BRAZIL: LESSONS ...","https://inctdsi.uff.br/wp-content/uploads/sites/699/2023/11/Disinformation-and-2022-Elections-in-Brazil.pdf","Nov 30, 2023 ... Camilla Tavares is a tenured assistant professor at Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA). Her work focuses on political communication involving disinformation, ...","US","2023-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [222,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy Public Consultation ...","https://assets.gov.ie/280301/074a3edd-57eb-4626-9c83-097ff59710f3.pdf","Nov 29, 2023 ... misinformation and/or disinformation without regulation. ... EU Digital Services Act, and the existing ... where appropriate, align regulatory and legislative ...","EU","2023-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [223,"Deepfakes, Misinformation, and Disinformation in the Era of Frontier ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.17394","Nov 29, 2023 ... Cass-Beggs et al., “Frontier ai regulation: Managing emerging risks to public safety,” arXiv preprint. arXiv:2307.03718, 2023. [2] Y. Cao, S. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Yan ...","Australia","2023-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [224,"Advancing the debate on the consequences of misinformation ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/VANATD-2","Nov 30, 2023 ... False or misleading content in various forms has been linked to significant political events such as the Brexit referen- dum, the 2016 US elections, and ...","US","2023-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [225,"Negativity bias in the spread of voter fraud conspiracy theory tweets ...","https://hal.science/hal-04307759/document","Nov 26, 2023 ... ... US election. Hu- manities and Social Sciences ... Corasaniti N, Epstein RJ (2021) What Georgia's voting law really does. ... and misinformation at the outset of the ...","US","2023-11-26T00:00:00"],
    [226,"Fraud and Corruption Control Policy","https://www.pt.qld.gov.au/media/2400/fraud-and-corruption-control-policy.pdf","Nov 25, 2023 ... Legislation and other compliance obligations. • Crime and Corruption Act 2001 ... • Australian Standard on Fraud and Corruption Control (AS 8001:2021). • CCC ...","Australia","2023-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [227,"STATE NEWS","https://clermontdems.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/DEMOCRATIC-TALKING-POINTS-11.26.23.pdf","Nov 26, 2023 ... Misinformation is flowing ahead of Ohio abortion vote. Some is coming ... https://www.ibtimes.com/disinformation-researchers-lament-chilling-us-legal-campaign-.","US","2023-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [228,"ASEAN Guideline in Combating Fake News and Disinformation in ...","https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Guideline-on-Management-of-Government-Information_adopted.pdf","Nov 21, 2023 ... The guideline was supported by various legal resources from ten ASEAN Member States (AMS). AMS provided an insightful general explanation and interesting ...","EU","2023-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [229,"A Guide [IN THE MAKING] to Disinformation and Digital Marketing","https://internetlab.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/guia_1108_V2_ENGLISH_ajuste_v2.pdf","Nov 20, 2023 ... Arguing that this right should be above other rights is a possible definition of freedom of expression that is typically derived from. US legal culture, for ...","US","2023-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [230,"PROMISE & PITFALLS: - The Ethical Use of AI","https://www.prsa.org/docs/default-source/about/ethics/ethicaluseofai.pdf","Nov 19, 2023 ... Their emergence did, however, cause us to revisit how our ethics are applied to the daily work of the PR profession. When technology transforms PR practice, ...","US","2023-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [231,"Information Manipulation and Repression: Theory and Evidence ...","https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/BFI_WP_2022-101.pdf","Nov 20, 2023 ... Though the new legislation was passed at the federal level, its enforcement has varied widely across re- gions. 9. Page 12. On April 1, 2020, Federal Law No.","US","2023-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [232,"An Alternative to Regulation: The Case for Public AI","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.11350","Nov 19, 2023 ... Highly-capable AI models could be used to create persuasive misinformation [33, 24, 39, 11, 12], create dangerous substances [30, 5, 13], or to find ...","EU","2023-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [233,"Countering Misinformation via Emotional Response Generation","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.10587","Nov 17, 2023 ... {drusso, skaszefskiyaschuk, guerini}@fbk.eu, jacopo.staiano@unitn.it ... law (8.05%). FF data are written in a ... Is this the era of misinformation yet: Combining.","EU","2023-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [234,"The Case for Reform of Scientific Publishing","https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/The-Case-for-Reform-for-Scientific-Publishing_2023.pdf","Nov 17, 2023 ... It is a classic example of so-called Goodhart's Law, 'that when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be ... They also risk embedding disinformation or ...","Australia","2023-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [235,"Expert Knowledge, Democratic Accountability, and the Unitary ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6039&context=flr","Nov 17, 2023 ... The U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel has ... At the time,. HIV/AIDS was the subject of widespread fear and misinformation; reliable ...","US","2023-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [236,"i STRATEGY FOR OPERATIONS IN THE INFORMATION ...","https://media.defense.gov/2023/Nov/17/2003342901/-1/-1/1/2023-DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE-STRATEGY-FOR-OPERATIONS-IN-THE-INFORMATION-ENVIRONMENT.PDF","Nov 17, 2023 ... At the Department of Defense, we are driving hard to further strengthen America's deterrence in the 21st-century world. With the National Defense Strategy ...","US","2023-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [237,"Disinformation narratives during the 2023 elections in Europe","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/EDMO-TF-Elections-disinformation-narratives-2023.pdf","Nov 15, 2023 ... Other topics (such as climate change, EU laws and institutions, immigration) that are well-known disinformation targets at the European level emerge in the ...","EU","2023-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [238,"What do we study when we study misinformation? A scoping review ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/murphy_review_experimental_research_20231115.pdf","Nov 15, 2023 ... Global disinformation campaigns and legal challenges. International Cybersecurity. Law ... ratings and willingness to share COVID-19 misinformation in Australia.","Australia","2023-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [239,"Assessment of policy coordination and communication in the ...","https://pair.australiaindonesiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Final-Report_TWP12_ENG_Assessment-of-policy-coordination-and-communication-in-the-development-of-the-Makassar-Parepare-railway-line.pdf","Nov 15, 2023 ... Australian government through the Australia ... Government regulations. •. Presidential regulation. •. Provincial regulations. •. Regency/City regional Regulation.","Australia","2023-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [240,"1) What is disinformation? 2) What the EU is doing? 3) What can you ...","https://www.wto.org/library/events/event_resources/sps_1411202310/329_1128.pdf","Nov 14, 2023 ... The EU's measures to tackle it. Zbigniew ... MISINFORMATION. FIMI. Foreign Information Manipulation and ... Legislation. External action. Communication. EEAS.","EU","2023-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [241,"How News Corp used Fear, Manipulation and Division to Campaign ...","https://murdochroyalcommission.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Under-the-Facade-of-Journalism.pdf","Nov 14, 2023 ... Australia, separate. Indigenous government, separate Indigenous economy, rules law, institutions.” Flint's conspiratorial comments are an excellent example ...","Australia","2023-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [242,"Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03738","Nov 14, 2023 ... ... misinformation ([121, 122, 123, 124]). 11. Page 12 ... and ethical judgment ... [151] N. A. Smuha, The EU approach to ethics guidelines for trustworthy artificial ...","EU","2023-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [243,"Suitability: false representations, deception, false documents, non ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65707268746930000d488908/Suitability+false+representations++.pdf","Nov 14, 2023 ... that dishonesty or deception on the part of some person is an essential pre- requisite to mandatory refusal.” view of the law. ... • EU Settlement Scheme: EU, ...","EU","2023-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [244,"Objection to the “Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32125-garry-flanigan.pdf","Nov 13, 2023 ... The government “Guidance note” states “The misinformation falsely claims that specific community groups in Australia are responsible for a range of social ...","Australia","2023-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [245,"Dear Misinformation Bill Review, We wish to make a submission ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e1053-anonymous.pdf","Nov 13, 2023 ... We wish to make a submission about the draft Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and ... The Bill empowers the Australian ...","Australia","2023-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [246,"\"Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation\" Bill 2023 ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-31430-australia-exits-the-who.pdf","Nov 13, 2023 ... Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023). \"Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation\" Bill 2023: Safeguarding ...","US","2023-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [247,"Response to the Exposure Draft of the Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-24084-n-duffield.pdf","Nov 12, 2023 ... The proposed legislation aiming to establish a \"Ministry of Truth\" style body in. Australia reflects a growing concern regarding misinformation and ...","Australia","2023-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [248,"I, the undersigned, express my serious concern and opposition to ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32465-andrew-batts.pdf","Nov 12, 2023 ... The Bill empowers the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) with determining what qualifies as “misinformation” and “disinformation”. This ...","Australia","2023-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [249,"Information as a Public Good1 Joseph E. Stiglitz The media has ...","https://business.columbia.edu/sites/default/files-efs/imce-uploads/Joseph_Stiglitz/The%20Media%20Information%20as%20a%20Public%20Good%20PASS.pdf","Nov 11, 2023 ... The new terrain for regulation that social media presents are the “digital harms” that have become endemic—fomenting incitement and violence, misinformation and ...","Australia","2023-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [250,"Digital Platforms' Responses to Disinformation in the Spanish 2023 ...","https://maldita.es/uploads/docs/digital-platforms-responses-disinformation-02.pdf","Nov 10, 2023 ... At the time of the election, all those services were already designated as very large digital platforms (VLOPs) under the EU's Digital Services Act, but not yet ...","EU","2023-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [251,"Combating Misinformation in the Age of LLMs: Opportunities and ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.05656","Nov 9, 2023 ... Model Reporting for Certifi- able AI: A Proposal from Merging EU Regulation into AI Development. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2307.11525 (2023). [48] Yuyan Bu ...","EU","2023-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [252,"Lessons on Disinformation and Election Disputes","https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/2023-11/Election%20Case%20Law%20Analysis%20Series%20Lessons%20on%20Disinformation%20and%20Election%20Disputes.pdf","Nov 9, 2023 ... The lack of legal definitions means that the way disinformation cases come before courts is not necessarily ... Wex | US Law |. LII / Legal Information Institute ...","US","2023-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [253,"Policy frameworks for political ads in an age of AI","https://techpolicy.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/GAI-and-political-ads.pdf","Nov 8, 2023 ... Existing federal civil rights law prohibits the use of misinformation to deprive people of their right to vote. It also protects against some conduct that ...","US","2023-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [254,"Legislating Against Misinformation: Lessons from Australia's ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4626414_code493741.pdf?abstractid=4593950&mirid=1","Nov 8, 2023 ... The relevant Bill – the Communications. Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 (hereafter,. “Misinformation Bill”) – has ...","US","2023-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [255,"Frontier AI Regulation: Managing Emerging Risks to Public Safety","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.03718","Nov 7, 2023 ... Examples of such dangerous capabilities include designing new biochemical weapons [16], producing highly persuasive personalized disinformation, and evading ...","EU","2023-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [256,"Submission regarding the: “Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-29978-anonymous.pdf","Nov 7, 2023 ... (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation). Bill 2023”. To ... individual or business, Australian or foreign, to simply ignore and/or circumvent this law - ...","Australia","2023-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [257,"Dear Misinformation Bill Review, It is with great concern that I add ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e1281-anonymous.pdf","Nov 7, 2023 ... Freedom of speech is a fundamental right of every Australian. This proposed “misinformation” law is an attack on our basic human rights by a government that is ...","Australia","2023-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [258,"Dear Misinformation-Bill Reviewers, As my submission to the inquiry ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e806-anonymous.pdf","Nov 7, 2023 ... As my submission to the inquiry into the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and ... Let us not make the same mistakes of shutting ...","US","2023-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [259,"Legislative interventions on misinformation and disinformation ...","https://au.reset.tech/uploads/Reset.Tech-Policy-Briefing-Misinformation-November-2023.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... Tech Australia convened a policy roundtable of 15 experts with expertise across digital regulation, platform transparency and human rights. The discussion is ...","Australia","2023-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [260,"I write to vehemently oppose the Misinformation and Disinformation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-29852-adrian-bertino-clarke.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... In conclusion, I urge the Australian government to abandon this perilous proposal. Such a law undermines the very foundations of our democratic society and ...","Australia","2023-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [261,"THE WEAPONIZATION OF “DISINFORMATION” PSEUDO ...","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/EIP_Jira-Ticket-Staff-Report-11-7-23-Clean.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... Grant, 486 U.S. 414, 420, 425 (1988) (internal quotation marks omitted). Page 7. 6 any law or government policy that reduces that freedom on the [social media] ...","US","2023-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [262,"SUBMISSION RE: COMMUNICATIONS LEGISLATION ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-22735-rachel-hawker.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... SUBMISSION RE: COMMUNICATIONS LEGISLATION AMENDMENT (Combating. Misinformation and Disinformation Bill) ... destroy and align us with countries that are not ...","US","2023-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [263,"UNESCO/IPSOS - Survey on the impact of online disinformation and ...","https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-11/unesco-ipsos-online-disinformation-hate-speech.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... Across all 16 countries, 68% of internet users told us that social ... disinformation and fake news are ... restricted under internal human rights law and standards ...","US","2023-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [264,"Humour in online information warfare: Case study on Russia's war ...","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231106-Hybrid-CoE-Working-Paper-26-Humor-to-combat-disinformation-WEB.pdf","Nov 6, 2023 ... 55 Interview with anonymous EUvsDisinfo staff member, July 2022. Perhaps unexpectedly, the EU bodies tasked with the lead role in countering disinformation have ...","EU","2023-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [265,"The risks of risk-based AI regulation: taking liability seriously","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.14684","Nov 3, 2023 ... Alexander Peukert is Professor of Civil Law, Commer- cial Law and Information Law ... misinformation and fraud; and that there are ... EU AI legislation will ...","EU","2023-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [266,"Combating Online Misinformation Videos: Characterization ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581783.3612426","Nov 3, 2023 ... 8https://www.invid-project.eu/tools-and-services/invid-verification-plugin/ ... In most cases, the final judgment of misinformation ... A recent example is to use ...","EU","2023-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [267,"taming the electronic genie: can law regulate the use of public and ...","http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MonashULawRw/2022/20.pdf","Nov 2, 2023 ... ... misinformation-and- false-news>. See also Normann Witzleb and ... 103 Australian Law Reform Commission, Secrecy Laws and Open Government in Australia (Report.","Australia","2023-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [268,"Emotion Detection for Misinformation: A Review","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.00671","Nov 1, 2023 ... news\" OR misinformation OR disinformation). ... 2020 US Presiden- tial Election [148]. Twitter ... Emotions can impact upon a person's thinking, judgment, and ...","US","2023-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [269,"Response by the Centre for Information Policy Leadership to NIST's ...","https://www.informationpolicycentre.com/uploads/5/7/1/0/57104281/cipl_-_response_to_nist-2023-0309.pdf","Oct 31, 2023 ... 25 EU AI Act State of Play - with MEP Dragoș ... misinformation and disinformation; and other societal effects. ... in their data practices, beyond fulfilling ...","EU","2023-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [270,"Governing AI responsibly","https://kpmg.com/kpmg-us/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2022/governing-ai-responsibly.pdf","Oct 31, 2023 ... may face legal and reputational consequences. Implementing security and ... misinformation. Privacy concerns with personal data. Cybersecurity. Legal, copyright ...","Australia","2023-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [271,"Combating Misinformation in the Era of Generative AI Models","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3581783.3612704","Oct 29, 2023 ... 9 Glob- ally, governments have passed legislation, removed content, and warned against misleading [33]. While all of the above measures have been helpful but ...","US","2023-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [272,"Policy paper media under pressure: The trouble with press freedom ...","https://ecommons.aku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1104&context=eastafrica_gsmc","Oct 29, 2023 ... Retrieved from http://www.mecodem.eu/wp-content ... of disinformation.42 Moreover, the digital landscape has ... Media laws and regulations: The case for legal.","EU","2023-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [273,"The United States & Japan: - Allied Against Disinformation","https://esrp.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Issues-Insights-Vol.-23-SR.-9-REVISED-1-1.pdf","Oct 28, 2023 ... Such disseminated information is interspersed with the salacious imagery and political gossip of these periodicals, which are not party to the same libel laws.","Australia","2023-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [274,"It is essential to approach gendered disinformation as a tool for ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/gender-justice/subm-a78288-gendered-disinformation-ind-simon-petitjean.pdf","Oct 27, 2023 ... ) and attacks the body of international law and standards already in place. ... us-transgender-people-targeted-by-growing-nu mber ... misinformation and anti ...","US","2023-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [275,"Lost in Translation--Multilingual Misinformation and its Evolution","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.18089","Oct 27, 2023 ... This way of looking at each cluster allows us to investi- gate how misinformation claims within the same cluster evolve. Figure 9 shows the average cosine ...","US","2023-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [276,"Chinese Benchmark for Misinformation Evaluation in Maternity and ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.01458","Oct 26, 2023 ... In an effort to minimize the reliance on human resources for performance evaluation, we offer off-the-shelf judgment models for automatically assessing the LF ...","Australia","2023-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [277,"Voter Trust: Best Practices and New Areas for Research","https://electionlab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-10/voter-trust.pdf","Oct 26, 2023 ... In addition, other groups of voters, in- cluding Latinos, Asian-American and Pacific Island- ers, and Native Americans, have encountered election laws, such as ...","US","2023-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [278,"Advancing the Use of Data in Prosecution","https://fairandjustprosecution.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/FJP-Data-Innovations-White-Paper-Oct-2023.pdf","Oct 26, 2023 ... 6 But more work remains to develop measurements that align with a new vision for the criminal legal system. 3 Court Statistics Project (2023), Federal and State ...","US","2023-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [279,"Response to Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-27919-simone-nichol.pdf","Oct 25, 2023 ... Response to Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and ... The proposed legislation is an attack on Australia's obligations to safeguard ...","Australia","2023-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [280,"Corruption and integrity risks in climate solutions: an emerging ...","https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Corruption-and-integrity-risks-in-climate-solutions.pdf","Oct 25, 2023 ... misleading or deceptive actions under Australian consumer law (Ruddock, 2023). ... Simon J (2022) Misinformation is derailing renewable energy projects across the ...","Australia","2023-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [281,"Re: New ACMA powers to combat misinformation and disinformation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e2185-zoe-smigielski.pdf","Oct 23, 2023 ... ... law. Preventing Australian citizens from expressing their views concerns me as it seems to push us away from democracy and towards dictatorship style ...","US","2023-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [282,"Re: The Draft Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-30366-andrea-wilk.pdf","Oct 22, 2023 ... To be frank, one might wonder, does Australia even need such a bill when we already have ... This 'misinformation and disinformation' law feels like overkill, ...","Australia","2023-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [283,"In a healthy democracy, preserving media diversity is paramount to ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-21214-robert-delaporte.pdf","Oct 21, 2023 ... According to the Canberra University study, the questionnaire on misinformation revealed that approximately 60% of Australians were aware of the significant ...","Australia","2023-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [284,"Policy & Practice","https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/sites/default/files/Issue%2037%20Full%20PDF%20Formatted_1.pdf","Oct 21, 2023 ... narratives in Australia to reduce ODA. As Burcu Bayram and Thomson (2022: 2) ... to speak, write, and act from a position of agency and informed judgment. It.","Australia","2023-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [285,"People underestimate the influence of repetition on truth judgments ...","https://boa.unimib.it/retrieve/78eb2cd6-61f3-42dc-b86d-30bab22967d7/Mattavelli-2024-Cognition-VoR.pdf","Oct 21, 2023 ... For instance, inaccuracy in important beliefs has been particularly highlighted by the widespread consumption of fake news during the. 2016 US Presidential ...","US","2023-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [286,"Inference-Time Intervention: Eliciting Truthful Answers from a ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.03341","Oct 20, 2023 ... Reference QA: Legal tender laws in the US require all businesses to accept what for payment? ... A.23 Misinformation ... Intervened: Turkey is in the EU because it ...","EU","2023-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [287,"The Digital Services Act: transparency - as an efficient tool to curb ...","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jipitec14&section=9","Oct 19, 2023 ... Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and ... 12 Disinformation in the EU texts. There is ... Misinformation' (2020) 19 First Amendment Law Review 32 ...","EU","2023-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [288,"Motives for posting fake reviews: Evidence from a cross-cultural ...","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0148296322008244","Oct 18, 2023 ... NSW 2522, Australia. E-mail : sakter@uow.edu.au. ORCID: 0000-0002-2050-9985. Marcello ... Covid-19, fake news, and vaccines: Should regulation be implemented ...","Australia","2023-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [289,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy – Citizens Information ...","https://www.citizensinformationboard.ie/downloads/social_policy/submissions2023/Counter-Disinformation-Strategy-Subm-Oct-2023.pdf","Oct 15, 2023 ... The implementation of legislation and related regulations, in particular, the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Data Protection Acts needs to be ...","EU","2023-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [290,"Policy Brief: - GENERATIVE AI","https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/GenerativeAI-policybrief.pdf","Oct 15, 2023 ... Canada has taken a similar approach with its. Artificial Intelligence and Data Act. The EU is also considering specific AI product safety liability rules for ...","EU","2023-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [291,"Reprot on the conduct of the 2019 NSW State election","https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/tp/files/186944/SGE23%20Part%201%20-%20Administration%20of%20the%202023%20State%20election.pdf","Oct 15, 2023 ... draft Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill in the ... communication in Australia that can only be burdened by ...","Australia","2023-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [292,"hate speech in times of the covid-19 pandemic: the social costs and ...","https://journals.um.si/index.php/medicine/article/view/3262/2416","Oct 15, 2023 ... legislative initiatives). The issue ... theories, disinformation or fake news, clickbait pseudoscience and massive ... europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX ...","EU","2023-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [293,"The Role of Accounting Information in an Era of Fake News","https://austinsmoss.github.io/austinmoss.me/Moss_LM_The-Role-of-Accounting-Information-in-an-Era-of-Fake-News.pdf","Oct 15, 2023 ... We find significant heterogeneity in topical areas, which include accounting information and forecasts, industry-specific news, legal matters, and macroeconomic ...","US","2023-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [294,"the russian war on truth: - defending allied and partner democracies ...","https://www.nato-pa.int/download-file?filename=/sites/default/files/2023-10/014%20CDS%2023%20E%20rev.%202%20fin%20-%20RUSSIA%20DISINFORMATION%20-%20DEMEUSE%20REPORT.pdf","Oct 13, 2023 ... Some of this legislation aims to protect electoral processes from disinformation, such as the law to combat ... In parallel to this development in EU-NATO ...","EU","2023-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [295,"the true costs of of misinformation: producing moral & technical order ...","https://zoe-institut.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Copy-of-Copy-of-The-True-Costs-of-of-Misinformation_-Producing-More-and-Technical-Order-in-a-Time-of-Pandemonium-1-1.pdf","Oct 13, 2023 ... DONOVAN'S LAW OF DISINFORMATION. Everything open ... Since the 2016 US election, newsrooms, technology ... working to quarantine the viral spread of misinformation.","US","2023-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [296,"How did online misinformation impact stockouts in the e-commerce ...","https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64667/Download/64667__28942__a11b559cfc9d4fcaa247c9a261dc1341.pdf","Oct 13, 2023 ... An individual's risk perception is based on their judgment of the outburst of threat, based on susceptibility and severity of an occurrence (Yoo et al., 2021).","US","2023-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [297,"“Compensate the Losers?” Economic policy and partisan ...","https://sites.santafe.edu/~snaidu/papers/predistribution_oct2023.pdf","Oct 13, 2023 ... As we discuss later in the paper, changes in federal campaign finance laws as well as Democratic-specific party reforms both substantially increased the ...","US","2023-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [298,"Fact-Checking President Biden's Myth-Filled Plan for Government ...","https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-397587A1.pdf","Oct 11, 2023 ... Title II regulation would slow down and end the Internet. ... As detailed here, when online traffic spiked during COVID-19, EU ... Monopoly regulation invariably ...","EU","2023-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [299,"Letter to the Australian Government opposing the 'Misinformation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-27302-anonymous.pdf","Oct 11, 2023 ... Letter to the Australian Government opposing the 'Misinformation and Disinformation' Bill ... law for the interference with fundamental rights of freedom of ...","Australia","2023-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [300,"Objection to proposed anti free speech law.","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-27136-anonymous.pdf","Oct 11, 2023 ... Who defines what is misinformation or disinformation? ... Free speech is enshrined in the First amendment of the Bill of. Rights in the US constitution and also ...","US","2023-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [301,"COMBATTING MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION BILL ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-14602-anonymous.pdf","Oct 10, 2023 ... COMBATTING MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION BILL 2023. The proposed new legislation would grant the Australian Communications and Media Authority. (ACMA) ...","Australia","2023-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [302,"Citation: Backhouse, SH (2023) A Behaviourally Informed Approach ...","https://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/id/eprint/10080/1/ABehaviourallyInformedApproachToReducingTheRiskOfInadvertentAntidopingRuleViolationsFromSupplementUsePV-BACKHOUSE.pdf","Oct 10, 2023 ... dis/misinformation [22]. ... Safety concerns related to the use of certain sports supplements has elic- ited regulatory and legislative changes in Australia, with.","Australia","2023-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [303,"Case Law Grounding: Aligning Judgments of Humans and AI on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.07019","Oct 10, 2023 ... as toxicity [42, 64], misinformation [5], or hate speech [58]. ... US legal system [37]. Cases can also be a strong ... 2 Case Law Grounding: Basis in Concepts from ...","US","2023-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [304,"Basic Online Safety Expectations","https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-10/Full-transparency-report-October-2023.pdf","Oct 9, 2023 ... Providers are required to comply with their legal obligations under Australian law, including ... Misinformation Actors community guidelines, those creators are ...","Australia","2023-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [305,"Decoding the Misinformation-Legislation Pipeline: an analysis of ...","https://jmla.mlanet.org/ojs/jmla/article/view/1724/2227","Oct 7, 2023 ... Background: The state of evidence-based transgender healthcare in the United States has been put at risk by the spread of misinformation harmful to transgender ...","US","2023-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [306,"POLICY FOR ACTION","https://www.episcopalchurch.org/policy-for-action-ogr-2024/","Oct 7, 2023 ... governments to protect core democratic principles and uphold U.S. laws defining legal uses of U.S. funding. ... resources to identify misinformation on all ...","US","2023-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [307,"A Comparative Study of AI Policy Frameworks on Journalism ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80455-135-620231006/full/pdf?title=a-comparative-study-of-ai-policy-frameworks-on-journalism-practice-in-sub-saharan-africa","Oct 6, 2023 ... ... EU are in the process of formulating them, could expose African journalists who might not be aware of the. EU legislation. The adoption of AI technologies in ...","EU","2023-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [308,"An Antimonopoly Approach to Governing Artificial Intelligence","https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-URL/wp-content/uploads/sites/412/2023/10/06212048/Narechania-Sitaraman-Antimonopoly-AI-2023.10.6.pdf.pdf","Oct 6, 2023 ... likely be applied via the common law,43 or through notice and comment https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/06/12/ai-regulation-technology-us-china-eu-governance/.","EU","2023-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [309,"Antecedent Conditions of Disinformation in Mexico. A Theoretical ...","https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125992170.pdf","Oct 6, 2023 ... On the contrary, disinformation clouds the judgment of citizens in their decisions and ... (2012). 26. Rauls, L.: How Latin American Governments are fighting fake ...","US","2023-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [310,"Technical Report ITU-T FGMV-07 on “Policy and regulation ...","https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/mv/Documents/List%20of%20FG-MV%20deliverables/FGMV-07.pdf","Oct 5, 2023 ... ... disinformation, with new technologies of ... agreements to promote law ... [b-European. Parliament1]. European Parliament, \"EU AI Act: first regulation on ...","EU","2023-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [311,"What Actions Do People Want Social Media Platforms to Take on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.00799","Oct 5, 2023 ... Finally, we consider the extent to which action preferences are correlated with judgment of the holistic attributes of misinformation and harm. Explaining ...","Australia","2023-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [312,"Observatory on Social Media Disinformation campaigns cast doubt ...","https://www.te.gob.mx/red_mundial/front/foro/downloadFile?file=105a8b6fdb39e10.pdf&title=Las%20campa%C3%B1as%20de%20desinformaci%C3%B3n%20que%20ponen%20en%20duda%20la%20integridad%20del%20proceso,%20las%20instituciones%20electorales%20o%20los%20resultados%20electorales%20(2023)","Oct 4, 2023 ... 24 The recently approved European Union's Digital Service Act has set a new standard for holding social media companies accountable for the harms facilitated by ...","EU","2023-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [313,"Anti-Disinformation Warsaw Declaration","https://www.gov.pl/attachment/3bc6286c-904e-4957-9441-27598483111c","Oct 4, 2023 ... The Signatories will also make joint efforts to develop unified mechanisms for media regulation in the Signatories' countries, which facilitate the preparation ...","EU","2023-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [314,"Audiovisual and media policy","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_3.6.2.pdf","Oct 3, 2023 ... Audiovisual policy in the EU is governed by Articles 167 and 173 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The key piece of legislation ...","EU","2023-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [315,"how ai is changing democracy: - embargoed","https://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/2310/EMB_WEB__How_AI_is_changing_democracy_Oct_23.pdf","Oct 3, 2023 ... ... regulatory law (“East Coast Code”).” Manheim and Kaplan, above n 36, at 111 ... 126 “Fake news and misinformation is not just a problem at the level of what ...","Australia","2023-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [316,"Under the Radar: - Vast Networks of Fake Accounts Raise Questions ...","https://www.reset.tech/documents/24102023_Networks-of-Facebook-Fake-Advertisers_Reset.pdf","Oct 1, 2023 ... The advertising activities continued even after the 25th of August 2023, when the EU's DSA regulation entered into force: we found that at least 250 scam ...","EU","2023-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [317,"Strategies for Improving Public Understanding of FDA-Regulated ...","https://reaganudall.org/sites/default/files/2023-10/Strategies_Report_Digital_Final.pdf","Oct 1, 2023 ... “A Prescription for the US. FDA for the Regulation of Health Misinformation.” Nature Medicine, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41591-022-02172-9. Kakkar, Hemant ...","US","2023-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [318,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy Subgroup 2 Report ...","https://assets.gov.ie/271394/d3b4bf05-09c5-4668-8d7a-17b74bc1ecdf.pdf","Sep 29, 2023 ... The Digital Services Act (DSA)15 is an EU regulation which came into force in EU law in ... current EU Code of Practice on Disinformation into a co-regulatory ...","EU","2023-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [319,"NextGen Journalists: - NAVIGATING MISINFORMATION, AI & THE ...","https://greentarget.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Greentarget-Future-of-Journalism-Report-2023.pdf","Sep 29, 2023 ... When half of U.S. adults get their news from social media platforms at least some of the time, and as trust in traditional media declines, meeting Americans on ...","US","2023-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [320,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy Subgroup 3 Report ...","https://assets.gov.ie/271395/b78d4935-108a-489f-8a08-ecf2d16ad37d.pdf","Sep 28, 2023 ... The Digital Services Act (DSA)7 is an EU regulation which came into force in EU law in ... current EU Code of Practice on Disinformation into a co-regulatory Code ...","EU","2023-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [321,"PLATFORMS' POLICIES ON AI-MANIPULATED AND GENERATED ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/20230928_platformpolicies-on-ai.pdf","Sep 28, 2023 ... Reviewer: Noémie Krack, KU Leuven Centre for IT & IP Law ... EU DisinfoLab has developed an analytical ... Monetisation guidelines and ads rules require compliance ...","EU","2023-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [322,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy Subgroup 1 Report ...","https://assets.gov.ie/271393/aac95e8b-b668-49e3-9198-bdd88dfa1c4f.pdf","Sep 28, 2023 ... At an EU level, there is the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) which has provisions relating to disinformation, requiring regulated entities to take steps to reduce ...","EU","2023-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [323,"Adressing Risks from Non-State Actors' Use of COTS Tech","https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-09/07.%20Addressing%20Risks%20of%20COTS%20Tech_508_0.pdf","Sep 28, 2023 ... US federal law permits the unlicensed manufacture of firearms, including those made using a. 3D printer, as long as they contain 3.7 ounces of stainless ...","US","2023-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [324,"Policy Brief - Ensuring Ethical AI Practices to counter Disinformation","https://mediafutures.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/MediaFutures_Policy-Briefs_Ensuring-Ethical-AI-Practices-to-counter-Disinformation.pdf","Sep 27, 2023 ... This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951962. MediaFutures was ...","EU","2023-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [325,"Countering China's Malign Influence Operations in the United States","https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-scook-092723.pdf","Sep 27, 2023 ... In the current absence of a federal data privacy law, regulatory bodies like the Federal Trade Commission should ... misinformation-after-2020. Joe Fitzgerald ...","Australia","2023-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [326,"DIGITAL DENIALS","https://www.nclc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/202309_Report_Digital-Denials.pdf","Sep 26, 2023 ... collected 70 % of misinformation, inaccuracies, and accounts not belonging to me. ... Judgment, U.S. v. AppFolio, Inc., No. 1:20-cv ... . The Fair Credit Reporting ...","US","2023-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [327,"Robust and Explainable Identification of Logical Fallacies in Natural ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.07425","Sep 25, 2023 ... Similarly, the EU plans to ratify addressing misinformation as part of the Digital Services. Act [27], as the spread of harmful and incorrect arguments can sway ...","EU","2023-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [328,"A Model of Online Misinformation* | MIT Economics","https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-10/A%20Model%20of%20Online%20Misinformation.pdf","Sep 24, 2023 ... 6As of August 2021, federal law in the United States protects social media platforms from being held responsible for content posted by its users, even if ...","US","2023-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [329,"Classifying Partisan Bias in News Articles: Leveraging an ...","https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/final-reports/final-report-169502805.pdf","Sep 23, 2023 ... selection of the stories covered, and the spread of fake news and misinformation. It is especially widespread today in the United States, where partisan ...","US","2023-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [330,"Code of Practice on Disinformation - September 22 - 2023","https://disinfocode.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/code-of-practice-on-disinformation-september-22-2023.pdf","Sep 22, 2023 ... The European Commission helps to shape the European Unions' overall strategy, proposes new EU laws and policies, monitors their implementation and manages the ...","EU","2023-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [331,"HOW TO FIGHT DISINFORMATION: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ...","https://europeanvalues.cz/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/REPORT_en_How_to_fight_disinformation-Recommendations_for_the_Czech_Republic_Slovakia_and_Europe.pdf","Sep 22, 2023 ... The European Union is working to update legislation that targets large online content publishers and upstream platforms, reinforcing the principle of ...","EU","2023-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [332,"New Threats to Society from Free-Speech Social Media Platforms","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3587094","Sep 22, 2023 ... For in- stance, the Network Enforcement Act. (NetzDG) in Germany and the Cyber- security Law in China force platforms to counter misinformation and hate speech ...","EU","2023-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [333,"Media Framing by The Washington Post on TikTok:","https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1798787/FULLTEXT02.pdf","Sep 22, 2023 ... regulation in the nation (Bauder, 2022). ... Notably, this mobilization impact was stronger in countries with favorable attitudes toward the European Union. (EU).","EU","2023-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [334,"PLATFORMS' POLICIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE MISINFORMATION","https://eu.boell.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/factsheet_platforms_climate_misinformation_final.pdf","Sep 20, 2023 ... ... eu/an-update-on-our-work-in-countering ... misinformation is included). ... Finally, we trust that the Digital Services Act (DSA) will bring better platform.","EU","2023-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [335,"Communications and the Arts (Combatting Misinformation and ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33910-anonymous.pdf","Sep 20, 2023 ... The proposed legislation's definition of misinformation is broad, ... Nick Coatsworth, a former Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Australia, have expressed ...","Australia","2023-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [336,"CLIMATE OF MISINFORMATION: RANKING BIG TECH","https://foe.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Climate-of-Misinformation.pdf","Sep 20, 2023 ... on their policies with respect to climate mis- and disinformation. The coalition received responses from: Meta, who only directed us to their public-facing ...","US","2023-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [337,"Promises and Perils of Artificial Intelligence","https://www.calcities.org/docs/default-source/annual-conference---session-materials/9.2023-annual-lee-slentz---ai-and-the-practice-of-law---ppt19406883-7b72-498e-a4c4-cce17b0f03dc.pdf?sfvrsn=1b3b0f93_3","Sep 20, 2023 ... □ Spread of misinformation on. Facebook and Twitter ... □ A mix of hard law and soft law, public and private ... Mslentz@chwlaw.us. (209) 495-2082. Page 20 ...","US","2023-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [338,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN PORTUGAL","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/20230919_PT_DisinfoFS.pdf","Sep 19, 2023 ... Even so, 40% of Portuguese trust journalists, the highest rate in the European Union (Digital News · Report PORTUGAL 2023). • According to the same Iberifier ...","EU","2023-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [339,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN ROMANIA","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/20230919_RO_DisinfoFS.pdf","Sep 19, 2023 ... The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of EU DisinfoLab. ... the regulation, while influencers and ...","EU","2023-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [340,"Donald Trump and the Lie","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A438DF5A45FE78CB2BC887859EFAB587/S1537592722000901a.pdf/donald_trump_and_the_lie.pdf","Sep 16, 2023 ... Evidence from U.S. National Elections since 2000.” Electoral Studies 40 (c):176–88. Schaffner, Brian F., and Samantha Luks. 2018. “Misinformation or Expressive ...","US","2023-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [341,"Elections & Mis-and-Disinformation","https://www.logically.ai/hubfs/Reports/logically_elections_report.pdf","Sep 15, 2023 ... - US Federal and state elections (2020 & 2022)). - ... mis-and-disinformation on the election process. During ... direct communication with law enforcement. As the ...","US","2023-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [342,"Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Insurance: Balancing ...","https://www.genevaassociation.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/Regulation%20of%20AI%20in%20insurance.pdf","Sep 14, 2023 ... While there is currently no AI-specific regulation like the. EU AI Act in Australia, existing legislation, such as the. Competition and Consumer Act 2010 and ...","EU","2023-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [343,"Artificial Intelligence in Public Relations and Communications: cases ...","https://www.quadriga-hochschule.com/app/uploads/2023/09/QHS_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Public_Relations__Communications_2023.pdf","Sep 13, 2023 ... In doing so, they provide useful tips to address fear of technology and address the thornier questions of ethical use, laws and regulation. Also, a very hands- ...","EU","2023-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [344,"Statement of Government Policy","https://www.government.se/contentassets/3c1e76456f0142a299d30268fd7a5cb9/statement-of-government-policy-2023.pdf","Sep 12, 2023 ... Disinformation campaigns are another. This ... In October, the inquiry on a new strategy for. Sweden's climate policy, based on the new EU climate legislation, ...","EU","2023-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [345,"Contextualizing Deepfake Threats to Organizations","https://media.defense.gov/2023/Sep/12/2003298925/-1/-1/0/CSI-DEEPFAKE-THREATS.PDF","Sep 12, 2023 ... Law Blue Sky blog. [43] Several of these ... misinformation and content provenance is available from C2PA associated ... https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ ...","EU","2023-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [346,"Maintaining Fidelity to ACT: Current Issues and Innovations in ...","https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep23-06-05-003.pdf","Sep 12, 2023 ... The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) complies with applicable. Federal civil rights laws and does not discriminate on the ...","Australia","2023-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [347,"The Spread of Misinformation in Networks with Individual and Social ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4643449_code3432436.pdf?abstractid=3511080","Sep 13, 2023 ... ... law or large number. ¯ω = θ∗, so that. µ ≡ µ ... The analysis helps us to understand how society reacts to temporary misinformation ... Important examples are ...","US","2023-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [348,"MOTU PROPRIO INVESTIGATION INTO THE NON-DISCLOSURE ...","http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4271138850!.pdf","Sep 11, 2023 ... faith and allegiance to the same; obey the laws, legal orders and decrees ... Australia, Poland, South Korea, Argentina, Australia and Qatar). Total procured ...","Australia","2023-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [349,"Appraising Unmet Needs and Misinformation Spread About ...","https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e49220/PDF","Sep 11, 2023 ... develop legal policies and increase health literacy [11]. ... US census data were chosen because the United States is a ... Online misinformation and fake news can ...","US","2023-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [350,"Analysis of Disinformation and Fake News Detection Using Fine ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.04704","Sep 9, 2023 ... strengthen the rule of law, and uphold the international order. ... https://www.politico.eu/article/ · hungarian-pm ... and lack reputable sources, which could be ...","EU","2023-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [351,"The Silence of the LLMs: Cross-Lingual Analysis of Political Bias ...","https://osf.io/q9v8f/download","Sep 9, 2023 ... A particularly important in the context of online censorship is the \"fake news\" law from March 2022 which ... Finally, manual annotation would allow us to get ...","US","2023-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [352,"Online Speech Hate In Australia","https://www.purpose.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Online-Hate-Speech-in-Australia_Part_2_2023_Purpose.pdf","Sep 8, 2023 ... Algorithmic audits have been set out in the EU's Digital Services Act, although Australian legislation should ensure this is not limited to audits conducted ...","EU","2023-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [353,"The misinformation recognition and response model: an emerging ...","https://academic.oup.com/hcr/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/hcr/hqad040/52460045/hqad040.pdf","Sep 8, 2023 ... (2016). Deciding what's true: The rise of political fact-checking in American journalism. Columbia University Press. Graves, L. & Amazeen, ...","US","2023-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [354,"Asymmetric ideological segregation in exposure to political news on ...","https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/07/ScienceDavid-Lazer.pdf","Sep 7, 2023 ... ... misinformation.” For potential, exposed, and ... Present regulatory efforts, such as the European Union's Digital ... Qiao; privacy and legal assessment from K.","EU","2023-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [355,"Investigating Online Financial Misinformation and Its Consequences ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.12363","Sep 6, 2023 ... Misleading Advertisement and its regulation in the EU Medicine Promotion legal framework. ScienceOpen. Preprints (2021). [110] Clive Lennox, Petro Lisowsky ...","EU","2023-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [356,"Recognising community truth-telling: | Reconciliation Australia","https://www.reconciliation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Recognising-community-truth-telling-report.pdf","Sep 5, 2023 ... misinformation about colonial history, e.g. the extinction of Tasmanian ... as part of Path to Treaty' (https://www.abc.net.au/ news/2022-08-16/qld ...","Australia","2023-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [357,"Assessing the use of critical literacies in mis/disinformation literacy ...","https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1290&context=lib_fsdocs","Sep 5, 2023 ... However, a recent study focused on understanding how academic librarians teach media and information literacy analyzed the evaluative criteria U.S. academic ...","US","2023-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [358,"The job insecurity report","https://oia.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/posts/2023/09/3%20Job%20Insecurity%20Report.pdf","Sep 2, 2023 ... ... EU proposals', The Guardian. Australia, 9 December ... • gaps and misinformation in national datasets; ... That no law or regulations similar in nature to AB5 be ...","EU","2023-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [359,"Doctors' duty to provide abortion information","https://academic.oup.com/jlb/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jlb/lsad024/51332292/lsad024.pdf","Sep 1, 2023 ... The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) objects to laws that 'unduly regulates or criminalizes abortion care providers, including by ...","US","2023-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [360,"AI REGULATORY ROUNDUP: WHAT YOU MISSED IN AI NEWS ...","https://mcmillan.ca/insights/publications/ai-regulatory-roundup-what-you-missed-in-ai-news-while-you-were-gone-for-the-summer/?print-posts=pdf","Aug 30, 2023 ... Currently, Australia has also chosen to not take a legislative approach to AI regulation, instead publishing a set of voluntary AI Ethics Principles ...","Australia","2023-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [361,"The vicious circle of policy advisory systems and knowledge ...","https://academic.oup.com/policyandsociety/article-pdf/42/3/275/52044784/puad026.pdf","Aug 31, 2023 ... “I do not consent”: political legitimacy, misinformation and the compli- ance challenge in Australia's COVID-19 policy response. Policy and Society, 42(3) ...","Australia","2023-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [362,"Mistrust, Misperception, and Misunderstanding: Imperfect ...","https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2023-09/Mistrust%2C%20Misperception%2C%20and%20Misunderstanding%20-%20Imperfect%20Information%20and%20Conflict%20Dynamics.pdf","Aug 31, 2023 ... the US and China more generally (Allison, 2017). For example, several prominent accounts of the onset and intensification of World War I emphasize mistrust ...","US","2023-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [363,"Policy Paper Enhancing the integrity of the 2024 European ...","https://epd.eu/content/uploads/2023/08/European-Parliament-Elections-SEEEDS-Policy-Paper-August-2024-final.pdf","Aug 29, 2023 ... However, the EP's legislation has not yet been unanimously adopted by all EU MS and therefore did not become law. Although the remaining legislative avenues ...","EU","2023-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [364,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://lawcouncil.au/publicassets/5b25938f-d346-ee11-948a-005056be13b5/4410%20-%20S%20-%20Combatting%20Misinformation%20and%20Disinformation.pdf","Aug 29, 2023 ... 11 Digital Industry Group Inc, The Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation (11. October 2021). 12 Draft Bill, s 14. 13 Ibid ss 25-28 ...","Australia","2023-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [365,"AI Deception: A Survey of Examples, Risks, and Potential Solutions","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.14752","Aug 28, 2023 ... Imitative deception threatens to 'lock in' misleading misinformation over time. ... The EU AI Act assigns every AI system one of four ... council laying down ...","EU","2023-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [366,"Election Disinformation in 2022 and What We Learned for 2024","https://www.commoncause.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/UndertheMicroscopev5.pdf","Aug 25, 2023 ... As mentioned in Common Cause's 2021 report on election disinformation, there are a number of federal and state laws that already exist to help protect the ...","US","2023-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [367,"Investigating the effect of social media fake news on consumer ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0965254X.2023.2253824","Aug 24, 2023 ... (BHRIGHT) Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; bGraduate School of Business and Law, and Centre for Organisations and Social Change (COSC), ...","Australia","2023-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [368,"Fact or fake? The search for truth in an infodemic of disinformation ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0965254X.2023.2253805","Aug 24, 2023 ... ... Law and. Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia; cFaculty of Business,. Design and Arts, Swinburne University of ...","Australia","2023-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [369,"Semi-supervised bidirectional RNN for misinformation detection","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S2666827022001037","Aug 24, 2023 ... In addition, with the development of social media, propagation patterns of misinformation is becoming more and more complex, which drives us to introduce new ...","US","2023-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [370,"WMGIC x NATO Countering Disinformation Challenge 2022","https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2023/08/WMGIC_ebook_2023_FINAL-1.pdf","Aug 23, 2023 ... have hindered attempts to address disinformation through legislation ... EU member states and. EU institutions to share information about disinformation and ...","EU","2023-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [371,"Responding to misconceptions about sexual offending: Example ...","https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Addressing-misconceptions-final-version.pdf","Aug 23, 2023 ... sections 36BD, 36BE and 39F of the Evidence Act 1906 (Western Australia); sections 80A and ... misinformation]: (a) warnings at the time of the initial exposure ...","Australia","2023-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [372,"False and Misleading Long-Term Care Insurance Marketing Tactics","https://www.insurance.ca.gov/0200-industry/0110-whats-new/upload/False_Misleading_LTC_Marketing_Tactics.pdf","Aug 23, 2023 ... • California law protects consumers from false and ... law. References to inaccurate. “deadlines,” “facts ... us/03- · appointments/ltci .cfm. Filing a Request for ...","US","2023-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [373,"Submission on the Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3362-human-rights-law-centre.pdf","Aug 22, 2023 ... misinformation and hate speech during Australian elections, a pandemic, and bush fires exacerbated by the climate crisis. Suggestions ...","Australia","2023-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [374,"Editor's Statement: Using Misinformation to Harm LGBTQ People Is ...","https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/trgh.2023.29001.editorial","Aug 22, 2023 ... Shortly after its publication, I was surprised to see a full-page paid advertisement in newspapers across the. United States from a coalition of religious ...","US","2023-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [375,"Vaccine misinformation types and properties in Russian troll tweets","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0264410X21016480","Aug 21, 2023 ... Keywords: misinformation, disinformation ... U.S. Congress as part of their election ... tweets referenced legislation or laws about vaccines, but those that did ...","US","2023-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [376,"Guerre à la Carte: Cyber, Information, Cognitive Warfare and the ...","https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27301193.pdf","Aug 21, 2023 ... tacks through to disinformation; a combination of “coercive and subversive measures, us-.","US","2023-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [377,"Re: Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3638-derek-balogh.pdf","Aug 20, 2023 ... The 'Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill ... ACT (Australia Capital. Territory) Coat of Arms” or “IP ...","Australia","2023-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [378,"Comment on the \"Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34076-anonymous.pdf","Aug 20, 2023 ... It seems this whole misinformation agenda is simply an alternative tack to push through a censorship regime that Australia clearly rejected in 2012 and in ...","Australia","2023-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [379,"Microsoft submission on Combatting Misinformation and ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3668-microsoft.pdf","Aug 20, 2023 ... Legislation and regulations addressing misinformation and disinformation must be necessary ... Australia's example of leadership on misinformation, disinformation ...","Australia","2023-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [380,"Submission opossing Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33599-anonymous.pdf","Aug 20, 2023 ... This bill to censor social media whilst giving Murdoch (American) a free pass in Australia. Similar laws are popping up in other parts of the world particularly ...","Australia","2023-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [381,"Misinformation/Disinformation Bill Submission August 20, 2023 ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34724-bernadette-ryan.pdf","Aug 20, 2023 ... ... Australia replied via comment, “The department advises that we are unable to provide copies of any scientific papers as this would be a breach of copyright laws ...","Australia","2023-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [382,"Exposure Draft: Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/2023-08/CMT%20Submission%20to%20DITRDCA%20-%20ED%20to%20CMDB_2.pdf","Aug 19, 2023 ... ... misinformation or disinformation under the proposed legislation. ... 58, 1999, 90–94. 7 For example, the strengthened EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, the ...","EU","2023-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [383,"SUBMISSION AGAINST the Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32920-highland-getaway-pl.pdf","Aug 19, 2023 ... (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 by Derek Smith,. The ... Australia's Commonwealth of Australia Constitution 9 July 1900 Act gives each.","Australia","2023-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [384,"New ACMA powers to combat misinformation and disinformation","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e2623-elizabeth-glenn.pdf","Aug 19, 2023 ... proposed legislation could categorise such statements as misinformation ... Australia, have expressed concerns about the scope and application of this bill.","Australia","2023-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [385,"A survey of expert views on misinformation: Definitions ...","https://hal.science/hal-04181174/document","Aug 19, 2023 ... The most polarizing statement was that “misinformation played a decisive role in the outcome of the. 2016 U.S. election,” with 40% of experts agreeing and 39% ...","US","2023-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [386,"Misinformation and Disinformation Bill","https://www.pwc.com.au/legal/publications/misinformation-and-disinformation-bill.pdf","Aug 18, 2023 ... The EU, UK and Brazil have recently proposed similar legislation. The. Australian proposed Bill has raised significant concerns such as: • Broad Definitions ...","EU","2023-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [387,"Finding balance: combatting misinformation and disinformation ...","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/ahrc_submission_on_exposure_draft_bill_18_august_2023_0.pdf","Aug 18, 2023 ... <https://humanrights.gov.au/our- · work/legal/submission/foreign-interference-through-social-media>. 21 Australian Human Rights Commission, Inquiry into the ...","Australia","2023-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [388,": Submission on the Communications Legislation Amendment","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e2421-shelley-birkinhead.pdf","Aug 18, 2023 ... ... bill titled \"Communications. Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023\". As an Australian citizen, I strongly believe ...","Australia","2023-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [389,"SUBMISSION AGAINST the Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32137-derek-smith.pdf","Aug 18, 2023 ... SUBMISSION AGAINST the Communications Legislation Amendment. (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 by Derek Smith,. The Commonwealth of ...","US","2023-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [390,"Social Media and Defamation Law","https://archive.sclqld.org.au/judgepub/2023/applegarth20230817.pdf","Aug 17, 2023 ... The concern has been heightened by the prevalence of organised misinformation and disinformation on a scale that threatens democratic institutions. The law, as ...","EU","2023-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [391,"Submission providing feedback on the Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33141-joshua-floyd.pdf","Aug 18, 2023 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 ... The Bill, if passed, would provide the Australian Government, ...","Australia","2023-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [392,"How do UK broadcast media deal with covid misinformation?","https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/382/bmj.p1684.full.pdf","Aug 17, 2023 ... “In addition, everyone at ITV News has to have legal training. All new starters have to go through a compliance and legal refresher course.” Full Fact's ...","US","2023-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [393,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal ...","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/IF12468.pdf","Aug 17, 2023 ... As technology continues to evolve, concerns have grown regarding the use of AI-generated campaign ads and their potential to spread misinformation. At the same ...","US","2023-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [394,"Misuse of Private Information: A Legal Analysis of Privacy Precedent ...","https://blogs.kcl.ac.uk/kslr/files/2023/08/Soumia-Landi-.pdf","Aug 16, 2023 ... misinformation, but rarely deals with complaints related to intrusion of privacy.49 The principle of self-regulation of the press was originally fuelled by ...","Australia","2023-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [395,"Reset.Tech Response to Exposure Draft on Mis and Disinformation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33677-reset.tech-australia.pdf","Aug 15, 2023 ... With the Digital Services Act taking effect across the EU, regulators are able to demand proportionate and proactive mitigation from social media platforms to ...","EU","2023-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [396,"From Promise to Practice: The Risks and Governance Approach of ...","https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/uk/pdf/2023/08/from-promise-to-practice.pdf","Aug 15, 2023 ... y/20230601STO93804/eu -ai -act -first -regulation -on - ... https://www.legislation ... business risks like misinformation, plagiarism, copyright infringements and ...","EU","2023-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [397,"Draft submission: Australian misinformation legislation","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3683-meta.pdf","Aug 15, 2023 ... The Australian industry code on misinformation and disinformation has been a world-leading initiative that has brought welcome additional transparency to the ...","Australia","2023-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [398,"Misinformed","https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/EXP_Misinformed_Ferguson_PDF.pdf","Aug 14, 2023 ... change through direct U.S. ... “Bill” Clinton signed into law the Iraq Liberation Act of ... 9 Russ Hoyle, Going to War: How Misinformation, Disinformation, and ...","US","2023-08-14T00:00:00"],
    [399,"ACADEMIA Letters Climate disinformation adverts: real-world ...","https://gaiageld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Climate_disinformation_adverts_real_worl.pdf","Aug 12, 2023 ... ... disinformation adverts ran on Facebook in America, gaining a total of around 25 views per 1000 citizens [1]. Countering disinformation is vital to avoid ...","US","2023-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [400,"Where's the Liability for Harmful AI Speech?","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/hendersonhashimotolemley.pdf","Aug 11, 2023 ... misinformation. Courts have sometimes found ... Legal rules affect system design incentives, and system design affects legal rules. ... (comparing and contrasting ...","EU","2023-08-11T00:00:00"],
    [401,"Problematic Advertising and its Disparate Exposure on Facebook","https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity23-ali.pdf","Aug 11, 2023 ... hicle for misinformation [35, 63, 93]. Facebook's policies also ... Human- machine collaboration for content regulation: The case of reddit au- tomoderator.","Australia","2023-08-11T00:00:00"],
    [402,"How the United States and Russia represent mutual propaganda ...","https://research.monash.edu/files/500885162/500885045_oa.pdf","Aug 11, 2023 ... Russia has restricted foreign ownership of media, passed new laws on countering 'fake news' and misinformation, increased investment in its own PD media ...","US","2023-08-11T00:00:00"],
    [403,"An AI's Picture Paints a Thousand Lies: Designating Responsibility ...","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/garon.pdf","Aug 10, 2023 ... or misinformation online doesn't actually require a lot of talent. ... Rationales and the Problem of Deepfakes Within the E.U. and U.S. Legal Systems, 70 SYRACUSE ...","US","2023-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [404,"THE ONLINE REGULATION SERIES 3.0","https://techagainstterrorism.org/hubfs/Online%20Regulation%20Series%203-0-%20Tech%20Against%20Terrorism.pdf","Aug 7, 2023 ... Since our first analysis of the EU regulatory framework in 2020, regulation in the EU has ... including Australia's Code of Practice on Disinformation and ...","EU","2023-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [405,"230802 - CHOICE submission to the Responsible AI in Australia ...","https://www.choice.com.au/-/media/d3cb98409f74456598ede917d3b8bc07.ashx?la=en","Aug 7, 2023 ... spread of misinformation, and chatbots promoting harmful behaviour. CHOICE's ... regulate the use of artificial intelligence in Australia ('AI legislation').","Australia","2023-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [406,"Industry Influencer: How tobacco content is infiltrating social media","https://truthinitiative.org/sites/default/files/media/files/2023/08/Industry_Influencer_Report_FINAL.pdf","Aug 7, 2023 ... misinformation and disinformation as a major global ... U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) about e-cigarette regulation to spread ... spread misinformation and ...","US","2023-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [407,"Common-App-Fraud-Policy.pdf","https://www.commonapp.org/files/Common-App-Fraud-Policy.pdf","Aug 7, 2023 ... ... law and consistent with our Privacy Policy, which ... Common App defines Fraud as an intent to deceive, mislead, or otherwise perpetuate misinformation upon.","US","2023-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [408,"Information Misuse in an Era of New Media Technologies: Perceived ...","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=15078&context=libphilprac","Aug 7, 2023 ... Journalism, fake news and misinformation: Handbook for. Journalism education and training. ... International Law Program, 1-64. Lewis, R ... U.S. Ministry of ...","US","2023-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [409,"Combating Online Misinformation Videos: Characterization ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.03242","Aug 6, 2023 ... 7https://www.invid-project.eu/tools-and-services/invid-verification-plugin/ ... In most cases, the final judgment of misinformation ... A recent example is to use ...","EU","2023-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [410,"?? `Misinformation' ?? `Information' ?? All shades of grey. Which we ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e3633-dean-brooks.pdf","Aug 6, 2023 ... In practice, according to the Australian Government (via link page 2), the legislation would enable \"the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)\" ...","Australia","2023-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [411,"Addressing Viral Medical Rumors and False or Misleading Information","https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.7326/M23-1218","Aug 5, 2023 ... and Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), ... Misinformation and disinformation. ... Accessed at www.disinfo.eu/publications/covid-19-vaccine- ...","EU","2023-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [412,"UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA FAKE NEWS ...","http://eprints.utar.edu.my/5798/1/fyp_PR_2023_CZY.pdf","Aug 5, 2023 ... ... Australia (Borges-. Tiago et al., 2020). Therefore our study is significant to ... Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy ...","Australia","2023-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [413,"Spotting False News and Doubting True News: A Meta-Analysis of ...","https://osf.io/n9h4y/download","Aug 5, 2023 ... Keywords: Misinformation; fake news; false news; news judgment; news accuracy; news discernment. We thank Aurélien Allard, Hugo Mercier, Gordon ...","US","2023-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [414,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal ...","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12468/1","Aug 4, 2023 ... As technology continues to evolve, concerns have grown regarding the use of AI-generated campaign ads and their potential to spread misinformation. At the same ...","US","2023-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [415,"Report REP 767 ASIC enforcement and regulatory update: April to ...","https://download.asic.gov.au/media/x0wn0lyt/rep767-published-2-august-2023.pdf","Aug 2, 2023 ... Insurance Australia Limited (IAL), one of Australia's largest general insurers, was penalised ... Misconduct that involves misinformation through social media.","Australia","2023-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [416,"10 Policy Actions to Watch in 2023","https://advisor.morganstanley.com/elizabeth.eckert/documents/field/e/el/elizabeth-eckert/US_Policy_Pulse-_10_Actions_to_Watch_in_2023.pdf","Aug 2, 2023 ... safety for children and the spread of misinformation. While ... Australian Corporations Act by Morgan Stanley Wealth. Management Australia Pty Ltd (A.B.N. ...","Australia","2023-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [417,"Rhetoric v. Reality: Biden Administration Should Correct Misleading ...","https://humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Asylum-grant-rates-fact-sheet-August-2023.pdf","Aug 1, 2023 ... granted asylum. Page 2. U.S. law, and forces many to wait in danger where they are at risk of kidnapping ...","US","2023-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [418,"SEEKING LEGITIMACY: - Considerations for Strategic ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/download/Seeking-Legitimacy-DIGITAL-678ba.pdf","Jul 31, 2023 ... that collaborative defence to the EU; and the. DSA takes the EU's legal reach to pushing back against misinformation on large social media platforms. The ...","EU","2023-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [419,"The Great Misinformation Panic","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34696-mark-duffett.pdf","Jul 31, 2023 ... ... misinformation-panic/ 31 July 2023. The definition of misinformation provided in Australia's new draft law reveals its inherent elitism. According to the ...","Australia","2023-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [420,"International Counter-Disinformation Research Agenda","https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/International-Counter-Disinformation-Research-Agenda-508.pdf","Jul 31, 2023 ... knowledge gaps: Australia, Canada, Estonia, European Union,. France, Germany ... We encourage a written addendum of ethical and legal considerations for all ...","Australia","2023-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [421,"An Analysis of the Causes and Implications of Media and National ...","https://ej-develop.org/index.php/ejdevelop/article/download/286/146","Jul 30, 2023 ... could lead the spread of misinformation and disinformation, since the media may report false or misleading ... parliament on Ghana-US Military bilateral agreement ...","US","2023-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [422,"Poland's Experience in Combating Disinformation:","https://www.ce.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/disinformation-book.pdf","Jul 28, 2023 ... different factors, the associated regulations and legislation in the EU, and the regulatory situation in North Macedonia. At its conclusion, the chapter ...","EU","2023-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [423,"Children's perspectives and experiences of fake news - Journal of ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1671&context=jmle","Jul 28, 2023 ... ... misinformation there ... information for which there are ... https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/communities/sites/jrccties/fi ... Judgment and Decision Making, 16(2), 484–504 ...","EU","2023-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [424,"anti-corruption learning agenda final report","https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA0214NB.pdf","Jul 28, 2023 ... ... Agreements with the EU are simultaneously \"opening up trade ... EU Code of Practice on Disinformation. Brookings ... EU legislation on anti-corruption. (n.d.) ...","EU","2023-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [425,"A survey of expert views on misinformation: Definitions ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/altay_survey_expert_views_misinfo_20230727.pdf","Jul 27, 2023 ... There was less agreement regarding the notion that “falsehoods generally spread faster than the truth on social media” (53%), “people can tell the truth from ...","Australia","2023-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [426,"Interventions to Counter Misinformation: Lessons from the Global ...","https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA0215JW.pdf","Jul 27, 2023 ... Exposure to higher rates of false news erodes media trust and fuels skepticism in news judgment. ... Inoculation against misinformation in Australia: a.","Australia","2023-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [427,"Pathways to Trusted Progress with Artificial Intelligence","https://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/Pathways%20to%20Trusted%20Progress%20with%20AI.pdf","Jul 27, 2023 ... gers, and cities use it for law enforcement . These applications are adopted ... https://www.edelman.com.au/trust-barometer-2022-australia. 17. https://www ...","Australia","2023-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [428,"Palantir Australia Response to Supporting Responsible AI ...","https://www.palantir.com/assets/xrfr7uokpv1b/w7vP09t8gm1WJQ0lrftru/c81f736f6d135472541a236a5be3e902/Palantir_Australia_Response_to_Supporting_Responsible_AI_Discussion_Paper.pdf","Jul 25, 2023 ... We see the enforcement of law to be at least as important as the law itself. Any AI regulation will require a well-funded regulator to be able to appropriately ...","Australia","2023-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [429,"Information Integrity to Sustain Peace during Electoral Processes","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-07/undp-information-integrity-to-sustain-peace-during-electoral-processes.pdf","Jul 25, 2023 ... There is no common definition, understanding or approach to 'disinformation' within international human rights law. ... Australia's 'Abhorrent Violent Material ...","Australia","2023-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [430,"The Misleading count: an identity-based intervention to counter ...","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2023.0040","Jul 25, 2023 ... The use of artificial rather than real misinformation allowed us to control both content ... 2022 Misinformation: ... See https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/the- ...","US","2023-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [431,"AUTOCRACY","https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/Challenging%20Autocracy%20From%20the%20Front%20Lines.pdf","Jul 24, 2023 ... Despite EU legislation granting protection to asylum seekers, neighboring EU countries often respond to the overwhelming number of migrants by either ...","EU","2023-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [432,"Information Manipulation and Repression: A Theory and Evidence ...","https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BFI_WP_2022-101.pdf","Jul 23, 2023 ... Both waves of protest could have prompted increased misinformation and repression. The timing of the protest was orthogonal to the severity of COVID-19 pandemic ...","EU","2023-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [433,"Hybrid warfare and disinformation: A Ukraine war perspective","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4683380_code1563486.pdf?abstractid=4683380","Jul 23, 2023 ... Business, Government & Law, University of Canberra, Building 11, Level A, Room. 12, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari. Street, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.","Australia","2023-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [434,"An Appraisal of the Implications of Deep Fakes: The Need for Urgent ...","https://ajpojournals.org/journals/index.php/AJLG/article/download/1540/1665/5706","Jul 23, 2023 ... Concerns Grows as 'Deepfakes Spread Misinformation'. Retrieved ... of the Australian Consumer Law prohibits a person in trade or commerce from making a false or.","Australia","2023-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [435,"I strongly oppose the ACMA / Combatting Misinformation and ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-34146-anonymous.pdf","Jul 21, 2023 ... do not wish these amendments to the Communications Legislation to become law. ... Our governments told us ... o Either our state and federal governments lied to us ...","US","2023-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [436,"An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Mis/Disinformation Control","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/10252163/10252090/10253252.pdf","Jul 21, 2023 ... We assembled a seven member assembly of experts from various fields: computer and information sciences, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, laws and.","US","2023-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [437,"Misinformation and Disinformation: A Submission on the 2023 ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-32437-lgb-alliance-australia.pdf","Jul 20, 2023 ... However, the exposure draft does not recognise vulnerability on the basis of sex. This is part of a wider trend: around Australia, legislation and policies are ...","Australia","2023-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [438,"Chilling Legislation: Tracking the Impact of “Fake News” Laws on ...","https://www.cima.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CIMA-Chilling-Legislation_web_150ppi.pdf","Jul 19, 2023 ... Politico, March 22, 2022, https://www.politico.eu/article/russia- expand-laws-criminalize-fake-news/. 33 “Russian Journalists Living in Exile Abroad, Still ...","EU","2023-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [439,"How to respond to disinformation in public communications from the ...","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-07/ran_cn_paper_how_to_respond_to_disinformation_in_public_communications_27-29032023_en.pdf","Jul 19, 2023 ... Authorities like the police should have legal ways to act on their own initiative to protect democratic values. Right now, this is problematic in several EU ...","EU","2023-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [440,"Managing Misinformation within the Public Sector: Cases from the ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1783264/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Jul 19, 2023 ... However, providing digital literacy opportunities for citizens and drafting regulatory and legal responsibilities will help manage misinformation in the long ...","Australia","2023-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [441,"Restoring US Leadership on Digital Policy","https://www2.itif.org/2023-us-digital-policy-leadership.pdf","Jul 17, 2023 ... -law-regulation-1235340580/. 96. Jesse Whittock, “Australia To Set Local Content Quotas On International Streamers,” Deadline,. January 30, 2023, ...","Australia","2023-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [442,"The science of fake news","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.07903","Jul 17, 2023 ... Abstract: Fake news emerged as an apparent global problem during the 2016 U.S. Presidential ... political science, economics, law, and ... Doing so will require new ...","US","2023-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [443,"Community Guidance: Government Transparency and Reporting ...","https://www.christchurchcall.com/assets/Summit-23/Leaders-Summit-2023-Background-paper-Community-Guidance-on-Government-Transparency-and-Reporting.pdf","Jul 15, 2023 ... transparency reporting framework and transparency reporting provisions in the EU Terrorist Content Online. Regulation. 5 See e.g. paragraphs 50-51 of the Office ...","EU","2023-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [444,"State of Ethics and Trust in Technology Annual report","https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/us-tte-annual-report-2023.pdf","Jul 15, 2023 ... and misinformation, and worker displacement, ... “EU General Data Protection Regulation”, International Trade Administration, Jan. ... Certain services may not be ...","EU","2023-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [445,"Governing through transparency: Corruption, accountability and ...","https://www.oecd.org/dac/corruption-accountability-illicit-financial-flows-oil-countries.pdf","Jul 15, 2023 ... 13 On the one hand, the rise of fake news, misinformation ... legislation such as anti-money laundering legislation ... regulatory framework in the EU. A new rule ...","EU","2023-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [446,"Re: The exposure draft Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-33025-anonymous.pdf","Jul 15, 2023 ... The definitions of misinformation and disinformation. Take the Australian Government's own response to censoring Covid-19 posts. * The Government announced a ...","Australia","2023-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [447,"Incorporating Psychological Science Into Policy Making","https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/pdf/10.1027/1016-9040/a000493","Jul 14, 2023 ... 4School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Australia ... Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, harmful content, regulation, policy ...","Australia","2023-07-14T00:00:00"],
    [448,"All Cases Matter: Mitigating Bias in the Administrative Law Judiciary","https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1702&context=naalj","Jul 15, 2023 ... is a historical catalog of U.S. legal cases where such explicit bias plagued juridical proceedings and breached justice.26. A historical example of an ...","US","2023-07-14T00:00:00"],
    [449,"Preparedness for online safety regulation","https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/preparedness-for-online-safety-regulation.pdf","Jul 12, 2023 ... misinformation/disinformation. Report on the impact on journalistic content ... EU and Australia, and intends to continue to do so in the future. In November.","Australia","2023-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [450,"Google Complaint","https://clarksonlawfirm.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CLF_Google_Complaint_Stamp_Filed.pdf","Jul 11, 2023 ... spread misinformation. 68 In the demo, Bard was ... centuries of common law, state and federal statutes and regulations, legislative commentaries, ... U.S. Const.","US","2023-07-11T00:00:00"],
    [451,"Disinformation Bill Submission","https://canberradeclaration.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Misinformation-Bill-Submission.pdf","Jul 10, 2023 ... Now we are just months away from that bone-chilling scenario potentially passing into law. On behalf of all freedom-loving Australians, we condemn this draft ...","Australia","2023-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [452,"Faking Fake News for Real Fake News Detection: Propaganda ...","https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.815.pdf","Jul 9, 2023 ... WAWA provides a better approximation for inter-annotator agreement in our scenario. 14575. Page 6. 4 Disinformation Detection. The disinformation detection task ...","EU","2023-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [453,"Handling objections in the Voice Campaign","https://www.australianunions.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/UFY_HandlingObjectionsGuide-4.pdf","Jul 8, 2023 ... » Fear about change. » Misinformation about what the Voice is. » No ... A Proposed Law: to alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by.","Australia","2023-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [454,"ACT Alliance's Input for the report on gendered disinformation ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/gender-justice/subm-a78288-gendered-disinformation-cso-act-alliance.pdf","Jul 7, 2023 ... The EU passed its Digital Services Act in 2022 which sought to address disinformation and incorporate human rights protections in the regulation of online ...","EU","2023-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [455,"Gender disinformation in the context of LGBTI communities Table of ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/gender-justice/subm-a78288-gendered-disinformation-cso-ilga-world.pdf","Jul 7, 2023 ... Laws and policies are rarely aligned and up to date with the fast spread of gender disinformation against LGBTI communities and therefore fail to respond to ...","EU","2023-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [456,"Ethical concerns about social media privacy policies: do users have ...","https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/document/94211","Jul 7, 2023 ... Some have introduced legislation (see for example, UK and EU - Mulder & Tudorica, 2019;. Australia -; Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, 2019).","Australia","2023-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [457,"[InternetLab] The gender dimensions of disinformation","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/gender-justice/subm-a78288-gendered-disinformation-cso-internetlab.pdf","Jul 7, 2023 ... as well as to social and legal assistance. This ... The amount of misinformation ... Another important point is the lack of data that would allow us to understand ...","US","2023-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [458,"Countering and Addressing Online Hate Speech: A Guide for policy ...","https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/publications-and-resources/Countering_Online_Hate_Speech_Guide_policy_makers_practitioners_July_2023.pdf","Jul 6, 2023 ... dehumanize the Jewish population in Europe leading ... 1. There is no legal definition of “hate speech” in international law. ... misinformation, disinformation and ...","EU","2023-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [459,"Anticipating cognitive intrusions: Framing the phenomenon","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/20230703-Hybrid-CoE-Strategic-Analysis-33-Cognitive-intrusion-WEB.pdf","Jul 3, 2023 ... by enhancing EU-NATO cooperation in this respect. ... Such manipulation relies to a great extent on leveraging the culture of misinformation to create ...","EU","2023-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [460,"Human-AI Cooperation to Tackle Misinformation and Polarization","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3588431","Jul 2, 2023 ... study to analyze the state of misinformation in Australia. The findings ... Countries across East Asia and. Oceania introduced legislation that specifically ...","Australia","2023-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [461,"A meta-analysis of correction effects in science-relevant ...","https://www.asc.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/2023-06/A%20meta-analysis%20of%20correction%20effects%20in%20science-relevant%20misinformation.pdf","Jun 30, 2023 ... ... us to calculate a misinformation-persistence effect size. ... & Rand, D. G. Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source ...","US","2023-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [462,"It's time to talk about the known risks of AI","https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02094-7.pdf","Jun 29, 2023 ... Earlier this month, the European. Parliament approved the AI Act, which would regulate. AI applications in the European Union according to their potential risk ...","EU","2023-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [463,"The Evolution of Disinformation in Three Electoral Cycles | Internews","https://internews.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/InternewsPH-June-2023-The-Evolution-of-Disinformation-in-Three-Electoral-Cycles.pdf","Jun 29, 2023 ... empathy, and not just knee-jerk judgment of people who fall for misinformation. ... Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, · the Philippines, Singapore, South.","Australia","2023-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [464,"Ethical concerns about social media privacy policies: do users have ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0965254X.2023.2232817","Jun 29, 2023 ... Some have introduced legislation (see for example, UK and EU - Mulder & Tudorica, 2019;. Australia -; Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, 2019).","Australia","2023-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [465,"Ethical concerns about social media privacy policies: do users have ...","https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1826/19970/Ethical_concerns_about_social_media_privacy_policies-2023.pdf?sequence=1","Jun 29, 2023 ... Some have introduced legislation (see for example, UK and EU - Mulder & Tudorica, 2019;. Australia -; Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, 2019).","Australia","2023-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [466,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN LITHUANIA","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230521_LT_DisinfoFS.pdf","Jun 27, 2023 ... EU DisinfoLab. This factsheet does not represent ... Russia further argues that the events were official, legal state duties according to Soviet law since.","EU","2023-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [467,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN LUXEMBOURG","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230521_LUX_DisinfoFS.pdf","Jun 27, 2023 ... This factsheet has benefitted from the support of the EU project EDMO BELUX that has received funding from the European Union under Grant Agreement number ...","EU","2023-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [468,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill-2023-factsheet-june2023.pdf","Jun 27, 2023 ... Bill 2023—Fact sheet. June 2023. Key points. •. Misinformation and disinformation pose a threat to the safety and wellbeing of Australians, as well as our ...","Australia","2023-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [469,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN HUNGARY","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230521_HU_DisinfoFS.pdf","Jun 26, 2023 ... Hungary is a special case in Europe, as one of the major sources of disinformation is the government ... enforce the EU's ... The law was repealed after three ...","EU","2023-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [470,"Internet Regulation - Deloitte Ireland","https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ie/Documents/TechnologyMediaCommunications/ie-tmt-internet-regulation-brochure.pdf","Jun 26, 2023 ... But the next decade is likely to see a hundred new GDPR-scale laws globally, across all Internet Regulation Topics. ... • Misinformation & disinformation. • ...","EU","2023-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [471,"Advocacy for Policy Change - Brandeis students work to reform ...","https://www.brandeis.edu/enact/publications/enact-brandeis-advocacy-anthology-2023.pdf","Jun 26, 2023 ... Sixty state laws have been enacted across 26 states that have passed menstrual product access legislation across the United States – and Massachusetts is not ...","US","2023-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [472,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill-2023-guidance-note-june2023_1.pdf","Jun 25, 2023 ... Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023 (the Bill). This is also an opportunity for stakeholders, experts and the ...","EU","2023-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [473,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill2023-june2023.pdf","Jun 25, 2023 ... (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Act 2023. 6. 2 Commencement. 7. (1) Each provision of this Act specified in ...","Australia","2023-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [474,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN GREECE","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230623_GreeceDisinfoFS.pdf","Jun 23, 2023 ... Greece was the eleventh EU country to adopt the EU Whistleblower Protection Directive and transpose it into national law, even though it missed the official ...","EU","2023-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [475,"Informing Australia's next independent intelligence review: learning ...","https://ad-aspi.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/2023-06/SR193%20Independent%20intelligence%20review.pdf?VersionId=vPrmaxHmiUt2v.B.629kBku51xNWazgE","Jun 22, 2023 ... After the 2022 election, the law enforcement agencies returned to the responsibility of the Attorney-General, but ASIO remained within ...","Australia","2023-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [476,"Climate Change Policy","https://nff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/22.11.24_Policy-Summary_NRM_Climate-Change-Policy.pdf","Jun 22, 2023 ... In meeting Australia's emissions reduction goals, Australian farmers expect a greater ... capacity due to land clearing legislation ...","Australia","2023-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [477,"Jurisprudence Concerning 'Fake News' and Related Concepts in ...","https://journal.iag.ir/article_175318_379843b52cda26e00d020e5cb6c40625.pdf","Jun 22, 2023 ... Malaysia does have a specific law on fake news to combat fake news from spreading. ... in the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, but the spread of misinformation.","US","2023-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [478,"PLATFORMS' POLICIES ON ELECTIONS MISINFORMATION","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230621_ElectionsFS.pdf","Jun 21, 2023 ... All these platforms have been qualified as Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) by the European Union. Digital Services Act and will have to comply with ...","EU","2023-06-21T00:00:00"],
    [479,"Not Just Words: How Reputational Attacks Harm Journalists and ...","https://globalreportingcentre.org/reputational-attacks/report-full.pdf","Jun 20, 2023 ... U.S. law enforcement interrupted an Iranian kidnapping plot against her in 2021, ... Political misinformation and disinformation ... While he was holding him, he ...","US","2023-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [480,"DIGITAL TRANSNATIONAL REPRESSION","https://pencanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2022-23-Annual-Report.pdf","Jun 19, 2023 ... PEN continues to monitor the government's efforts to introduce legislation to address misinformation and online harms. ... Australia and elsewhere have draft ...","Australia","2023-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [481,"Observation of Taiwanese Opinions on Misinformation in 2023","https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2023-06/N175_OBS_Observation%20of%20Taiwanese%20Opinions%20on%20Misinformation%20in%202023_EN.pdf","Jun 19, 2023 ... Nearly 90% agree using legislation to force social media to establish self-discipline mechanisms to prevent misinformation. Compared with the survey in 2022, ...","US","2023-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [482,"“Deep dive into the deepfakes applicable (?) legal framework”","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/682530","Jun 18, 2023 ... European Law? OBLIGATIONS. AI ... • Introduction of a co-regulatory mechanism to tackle disinformation ... Deepfakes & EU disinformation efforts : More ...","EU","2023-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [483,"Deceptive AI Ecosystems: The Case of ChatGPT","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.13671","Jun 18, 2023 ... Law and Legal Instructs. Providing false legal ... and misinformation. Fourth, upon discovery of ... A study on attitudes of US-based participants towards deceptive ...","US","2023-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [484,"AI could create a perfect storm of climate misinformation","https://www.stockholmresilience.org/download/18.889aab4188bda3f44912a32/1687863825612/SRC_Climate%20misinformation%20brief_A4_.pdf","Jun 16, 2023 ... The planned implementation of the EU Digital. Service Act in 2024 is one example of legal responses that could help ensure critical future independent social ...","EU","2023-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [485,"Connecting the Dots in Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence: From AI ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.02231","Jun 16, 2023 ... It considers the ethical debate per se, the ethical principles and a risk-based approach to regulation, backed up by the EU AI Act [4]. The goal of this paper ...","EU","2023-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [486,"Online Disinformation and Cyber Insecurities in International Politics ...","https://www.unibw.de/politikwissenschaft/professuren/lehrstuhl-ikf/news-collection-ikf/odiscye-brochure_online_2.pdf","Jun 15, 2023 ... 2023 Cyberattack on Australia, Australia, Iran. ▷ Continue reading on page ... legal and structural regulations: The Resilience of Critical Entities (CER) ...","Australia","2023-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [487,"The EU regulation of speech. A critical view","https://www.astrid-online.it/static/upload/zeno/zeno-zencovich_medialaws_14_06_2023.pdf","Jun 14, 2023 ... (COM 2018/236); the Joint Communication of the Commission and the High Representative “Action. Plan against Disinformation” (Join 2018-36) and the ERGA 2019 “ ...","EU","2023-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [488,"some comments on the legal regulation on misinformation and cyber ...","https://journals.um.si/index.php/lexonomica/article/download/2927/2253/","Jun 14, 2023 ... https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-online- disinformation (accessed May 3. 2022). Page 10. 42.","EU","2023-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [489,"Breaking Down Gender Biases","https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/hdp-document/gsni202303pdf.pdf","Jun 14, 2023 ... gramme (UNDP) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or ... Volunteers Combat Online Misinformation on Covid-19 in Arab States.” New ...","Australia","2023-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [490,"Opponent Testimony for H.B. No. 68 House Public Health Policy ...","https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/cm_pub_api/api/unwrap/general_assembly_135/chamber/135th_ga/ready_for_publication/committee_docs/cmte_h_pub_health_policy_1/testimony/cmte_h_pub_health_policy_1_2023-06-14-0930_655/hb68_aubin_opponent.pdf","Jun 14, 2023 ... The same fears, the same misinformation, the same bigotry. ... You don't know us. You hear from people who don't ... If you pass this law you are not protecting ...","US","2023-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [491,"Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 8: Information Integrity on Digital ...","https://unsos.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/our-common-agenda-policy-brief-information-integrity-en.pdf","Jun 12, 2023 ... of disinformation online in the European Union, which its signatories agreed to implement.41. These include voluntary commitments to help demonetize ...","EU","2023-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [492,"Technology and Fake News: Shaping Social, Political, and ...","https://www.opastpublishers.com/open-access-articles/technology-and-fake-news-shaping-social-political-and-economic-perspectives.pdf","Jun 12, 2023 ... cy programs, and legal measures to hold purveyors of fake news ... the proliferation of misinformation ... The influence of fake news on the 2020 US Presidential ...","US","2023-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [493,"Free Speech, Platforms, and the Fake News Problem","https://ide.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Fake-News-Problem-Full-v1.0-8b.pdf?x68655","Jun 10, 2023 ... To make progress, this Article then endeavors to bridge law, information asymmetry economics, and externality economics. Bridging these schools of thought ...","EU","2023-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [494,"The anatomy of 'fake news': Studying false messages as digital objects","https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=12293024&AN=159257552&h=O%2Blf%2BBK%2BDy9Ho0ge2iO74XjbBXvHYvTdzEwnPpJYTzXxwPQqiLd%2BuPMLhGXg%2Fj25BBQRTqqS882HXf5RZj8uIg%3D%3D&crl=f","Jun 10, 2023 ... During the run-up to the 2016 US presidential election and its aftermath, the phrase 'fake news' entered the vernacular, as the (then-Republican-contender) US ...","US","2023-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [495,"Harassment of Fact-checking Media Outlets in Europe","https://faktograf.hr/site/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/harrasment-emif-report-final.pdf","Jun 7, 2023 ... al, Disinformation and propaganda: impact on the functioning of the rule of law and democratic processes in the EU and its Member States - 2021 update, European.","EU","2023-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [496,"Rhetoric of Redress: Australian Political Speeches and Settler ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14443058.2023.2217824","Jun 6, 2023 ... High Court of Australia overturned the legal fiction of terra nullius, and both the ... 86Louise Zarmati, “A History of Misinformation: Pyne Spreads Curriculum ...","Australia","2023-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [497,"Rhetoric of Redress: Australian Political Speeches and Settler ...","https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstreams/cf179208-568b-451a-9298-3b46f0032ab3/download","Jun 6, 2023 ... High Court of Australia overturned the legal fiction of terra nullius, and both the ... 86Louise Zarmati, “A History of Misinformation: Pyne Spreads Curriculum ...","Australia","2023-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [498,"Twitter Pill to Swallow: Compelled Speech Doctrine and Social ...","https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3302&context=tlr","Jun 6, 2023 ... United States v. Alvarez, 567 U.S. 709 (2012) (plurality opinion) (invalidating a federal law that punished individuals who falsely claimed to have won ...","US","2023-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [499,"taming online public health misinformation - ira rubinstein* & tomer ...","https://journals.law.harvard.edu/jol/wp-content/uploads/sites/86/2023/06/Rubinstein-Kenneth.pdf","Jun 5, 2023 ... ture of misinformation, public health law, consumer protection and tort law, ... eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ ?uriCELEX:52020JC0008 ... Public health law generally ...","EU","2023-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [500,"REGULATORY SHAMING AND THE PROBLEM OF CORPORATE ...","https://journals.law.harvard.edu/jol/wp-content/uploads/sites/86/2023/06/Yadin.pdf","Jun 5, 2023 ... INITIATIVE, AUSTRALIA'S CARBON MAJORS REPORT 3 (2019). (showing that the annual ... Combat Scientific Misinformation, 9 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 191, 191 (2019).","Australia","2023-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [501,"Exploring Disinformation in Fragile States: Iraq as a Case Study of ...","https://toda.org/assets/files/resources/policy-briefs/t-pb-160_exploring-disinformation-in-fragile-states.pdf","Jun 6, 2023 ... “Journalism, 'fake news' and disinformation ... State of Law Coalition Nuri Al-Maliki. Al-Furat ... being against the US and its western allies because that is in ...","US","2023-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [502,"Beyond Belief: On Disinformation and Manipulation","https://philarchive.org/archive/HARBBO-2","Jun 3, 2023 ... To do so, let us consider his examples. Fal- lis aims to include the deceptive signals of non-human animals within the category of disinformation (2015: 412–413) ...","US","2023-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [503,"Defamation, Disinformation, and the Press Function","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/jones.pdf","Jun 2, 2023 ... U.S. Supreme Court should take a case to reconsider New York Times v. Sullivan, the foundational First Amendment precedent in defamation law.2 A major ...","US","2023-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [504,"A PRIMER ON MISINFORMATION, MALINFORMATION AND ...","https://edam.org.tr/uploads/yukleme_resim/Report-Disinformation-Malinformation-Misinformation.pdf","Jun 1, 2023 ... namely misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. The definitions ... The EU Code of Practice is the first self-regulation legislation on disinformation.","EU","2023-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [505,"Misinformation– past, present, and future","https://escholarship.org/content/qt53c7773f/qt53c7773f.pdf","Jun 1, 2023 ... event information in legal cases. To give an ... thing for us to be doing. A further complication ... In fact one fruitful research project might combine the ...","US","2023-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [506,"False Speech and the First Amendment: The Problem with Free ...","https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2354&context=blr","May 31, 2023 ... 6, 2016) (explaining why it is worth it to take the time to correct misinformation under Brandolini's law). ... eu/2022/09/12/what! makes!content!go!viral ...","EU","2023-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [507,"2023 Official Party Policies","https://2023.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/565/2023/05/Policy-Resolutions-2023-National-Convention_OFFICIAL_ENG.pdf","May 31, 2023 ... WHEREAS peer nations of Canada, such as Germany, the UK and Australia, passed legislation mandating at least four weeks of annual paid vacation between the ...","Australia","2023-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [508,"Addressing the Toll of Truth Telling","https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2350&context=blr","May 31, 2023 ... Inga N. Laurent is a Professor at Gonzaga University School of Law and. Fulbright Scholar. This article benefitted greatly from comments provided by ...","Australia","2023-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [509,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ACPDM-_-Annual-Report-_-May-29-2023-FINAL-29-May.pdf?","May 29, 2023 ... The launch of the 2022 consultation on the ACPDM also pre-dated the EU Strengthened. Code of Practice on Disinformation (EU Strengthened Code), released on June ...","EU","2023-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [510,"Regulating scientific and technological uncertainty: The ...","https://sajs.co.za/article/view/15037/19947","May 30, 2023 ... (EU) published a draft regulation for Artificial Intelligence (AI Regulation) ... act or regulation, as ... (Regulatory solutions to MitigatE DISinformation).","EU","2023-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [511,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://news.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/sites/66/2022/05/Microsoft-LinkedIn-Australian-Disinformation-Misinformation-Code-2023-report-FINAL-.pdf","May 29, 2023 ... Neither Microsoft Advertising nor LinkedIn accept political advertising. In addition to adhering to our obligations under Australian law, Microsoft strives to ...","Australia","2023-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [512,"Meta response to the Australian disinformation and misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Meta_2023-AU-Misinformation-Transparency-report_v1.pdf","May 29, 2023 ... We worked closely with the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), the Government's EIAT, and a range of government and law enforcement agencies. We also ...","Australia","2023-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [513,"1 Submission Dr Paul M Taylor1 Communications Legislation ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma2023-e2334-paul-taylor.pdf","May 27, 2023 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and ... COM(2018) 236; European Commission, EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, 26 September ...","EU","2023-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [514,"'Too much' and 'too little' content moderation: Internet governance as ...","https://mediated-trust-arts.sydney.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/KCL-presentation_Flew.pdf","May 27, 2023 ... Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the. Disinformation Age. Columbia University Press. Napoli, P. (2021). The Symbolic Uses of ...","EU","2023-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [515,"CONFLICT MEDIATION AND THE NEWS MEDIA","https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/119267/1/MEC_paper_66_conflict_mediation.pdf","May 27, 2023 ... to recognize misinformation and disinformation. ... policy chief Josep Borrell recently lamented that the EU's ... Alkazemi, Mariam, 'Regulation of Healthcare ...","EU","2023-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [516,"'Too much' and 'too little' content moderation: Internet governance as ...","https://csgs.kcl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/KCL-presentation_Flew.pdf","May 27, 2023 ... Australian Law Reform Commission. (2012). Classification—Content Regulation ... Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the. Disinformation Age.","Australia","2023-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [517,"Spinning the secrets of state: The history and politics of intelligence ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32238353.pdf","May 27, 2023 ... Party with an 'accumulation of ignorance, misinformation, and suspicion which ... Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment Act (Cwlth),.","Australia","2023-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [518,"Mapping best practices on transparency, integrity, accountability and ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2023/702588/EXPO_IDA(2023)702588_EN.pdf","May 26, 2023 ... EU's ordinary legislative procedure. Over the ... EU, including disinformation, and the ... Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act, Title III of the Legislative ...","EU","2023-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [519,"THE INFLUENCE OF TABLOID PRESS AND GOVERNMENT ...","https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Stoking-the-Flames.pdf","May 26, 2023 ... This demonstrates how powerful media content can be in helping shape toxic narratives around asylum seekers and how quickly assumptions and misinformation can ...","Australia","2023-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [520,"National Counter Disinformation Strategy Minutes","https://assets.gov.ie/263405/a1b8590d-88ac-4baa-b239-1b50e657971c.pdf","May 25, 2023 ... Deborah Molloy Bergin and Dr Kirsty Park presented to the Group on the EU Code of. Practice on Disinformation including: • The background to the Code and the ...","EU","2023-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [521,"The (Mis)Information Game: A social media simulator","https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/139150/2/hdl_139150.pdf","May 25, 2023 ... Butler1 · Padraig Lamont2 · Dean Law Yim Wan3 · Toby Prike1 · Mehwish Nasim3 · Bradley Walker1 · ... view of misinformation ecosystem in Australia, India, ...","Australia","2023-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [522,"The Public Sphere as a Normative Ideal for Public Communications ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4456652_code1881249.pdf?abstractid=4456652&mirid=1","May 25, 2023 ... This has coincided with growing concerns about misinformation, disinformation and 'fake news', ... Media International Australia. https://doi.org/10.1177 ...","Australia","2023-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [523,"The Evolution of Disinformation - A Deepfake Future","https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/csis-scrs/documents/publications/2023/The%20Evolution%20of%20Disinformation%20-%20Deepfake%20Report_EN_DIGITAL.pdf","May 24, 2023 ... https://www.europol.europa.eu/ publications ... Deepfakes: False pornography is here and the law cannot protect You: Duke Law & Technology Review. ... https:// www.","EU","2023-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [524,"examining the biden administration's regulatory assault on ...","https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/116015/documents/HHRG-118-GO05-Transcript-20230524.pdf","May 24, 2023 ... The climate crisis is happening all around us, and Republican inaction is costing us lives. As law- makers, we have a moral obligation to prioritize the health ...","US","2023-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [525,"HYBRID WARFARE, DISINFORMATION, AND THE NATO RESPONSE","https://jsis.washington.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/23_TF_SPRQRT-JSIS_495C_Lohmann_Final.pdf","May 23, 2023 ... The EU rejected the authority of these countries to unilaterally conduct external trade policy, while Poland argued that they can act due to a “security clause” ...","EU","2023-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [526,"The Inverse Data Law: Market Imperatives, Data, and Quality in AI ...","https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI230166","May 23, 2023 ... a Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia b School of ... “hallucinate” misinformation, (b) produce different outputs at each time ...","Australia","2023-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [527,"Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media ...","https://nam.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Identifying-Credible-Sources-of-Health-Information-Phase-2.pdf","May 23, 2023 ... Con- fronting Health Misinformation: The U.S. Surgeon General's. Advisory on Building a Healthy Information Environment. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov ...","US","2023-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [528,"Data Misinterpretation: A Consequence of Data Structure?","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1765913/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 21, 2023 ... Required by European Union General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679. GDPR Consent for Survey about Data Interpretation and Data Structure. Please tick the ...","EU","2023-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [529,"Misinformation – past, present, and future","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1068316X.2023.2219813","May 20, 2023 ... event information in legal cases. To give an ... thing for us to be doing. A further complication ... In fact one fruitful research project might combine the ...","US","2023-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [530,"Addressing mental health, misinformation, & religious tensions ...","https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)03603-4.pdf","May 19, 2023 ... law schools, med schools. It just affects … it's ... International students add to the diversity of US classrooms, bringing unique perspectives and skills to US ...","US","2023-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [531,"Complex Claim Verification with Evidence Retrieved in the Wild","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.11859","May 19, 2023 ... To combat the rise of misinformation, the NLP ... Q3: Is declining to applaud the president protected under U.S. law? ... However, it did pass the Tax Cuts and Jobs ...","US","2023-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [532,"A Practical Guide for OSINT Investigators to Combat Disinformation ...","https://info.shadowdragon.io/hubfs/SD_APracticalGuide_WhitePaper-1.pdf","May 19, 2023 ... private companies, intelligence gathering professionals, law enforcement, and government. The. U.S.-based company delivers open source intelligence (OSINT) ...","US","2023-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [533,"Dissemination of disinformation on political and electoral processes ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311983.2023.2216983","May 18, 2023 ... Keywords: Disinformation; fake news; social media regulation. 1. Background. Nigeria is a West African presidential federal republic with a large multiethnic ...","US","2023-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [534,"Deception as the Way of Warfare Armed Forces, Influence ...","https://hcss.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/01-Ducheine_Pijpers_Deception-as-the-way-of-warfare.pdf","May 17, 2023 ... 48 This includes elements of EU legislation, such as the GDPR, which have a direct application in the Netherlands. One of the national legal regimes is the ...","EU","2023-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [535,"Taking on Climate Lies – Climate Disinformation Initiative at Boston ...","https://www.bu.edu/igs/files/2023/06/BU_Climate_Symposium_Slides-v4.pdf","May 16, 2023 ... CO2 emission has been reduced significantly in the U.S.. Climate change is not threatening. Page 22. Climate Disinformation Symposium | May 16 ...","US","2023-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [536,"EVIDENCE BRIEF - Risk Communication and Trust in Public Health ...","https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/Documents/nCoV/main/2023/risk-communication-trust-public-health-covid-19-pandemic.pdf?rev=015f717e6a474c98a46022722879fb98&sc_lang=en","May 15, 2023 ... misinformation and disinformation and growing distrust of scientific evidence, expertise, and ... Custom Google search engines for Canadian, United States (US).","US","2023-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [537,"Ability to detect fake news predicts sub-national variation in COVID ...","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.23289764v1.full.pdf","May 14, 2023 ... Measuring misinformation susceptibility Misinformation ... “remain” in the European Union (EU) referendum of 2016 [83]. ... Judgment and Decision Making 17. doi:10 ...","EU","2023-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [538,"POLICY","https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/policy-brief-2022-gipps-digital-censorship-africas-democratic-future-eisa.pdf","May 13, 2023 ... 'Ethiopia's New Hate Speech and Disinformation Law Weighs Heavily on Social Media Users and Internet Intermediaries'. CIPESA. Accessed at https://cipesa.org ...","EU","2023-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [539,"Misleading or Falsification: Inferring Deceptive Strategies and Types ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3184558.3188728","May 12, 2023 ... The example disinformation tweet: Soren Kern: European Union Declares. War on Internet Free Speech. Deception Strategies. One of the contributions of this ...","EU","2023-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [540,"CERIS1 FCT2 WORKSHOP: Disinformation, fake news and hate ...","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/2f659106-9149-4ea5-b753-4ac6fdb5e3d6_en?filename=FCT%20workshop%20on%20Disinformation%2C%20fake%20news%20and%20hate%20speech-agenda.pdf","May 11, 2023 ... ... EU, such as respect for human dignity, freedom and equality. Under EU law, racist and xenophobic hate motivated crime and speech are illegal. Like ...","EU","2023-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [541,"Public Perceptions of Data, Artificial Intelligence Use and Regulation","https://digitalpolicy.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/PublicPerceptionsofDataArtificialIntelligenceUseandRegulation.pdf","May 10, 2023 ... EU regulation does a good job of keeping my ... Regulation and. Rights. SECTION. 4. Q6: Attitudes to Regulatory ... personal data, hacking and misinformation.","EU","2023-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [542,"What Explains the Spread of Misinformation in Online Personal ...","https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/382302036/ChadwickEtalDJ2023WhatExplainsTheSpread.pdf","May 10, 2023 ... abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ... misinformation on these platforms. ... They go on and on about it on the group and they'll send us ...","US","2023-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [543,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN BELGIUM","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/20230509_BE_DisinfoFS.pdf","May 9, 2023 ... This factsheet has benefitted from the support of the EU project EDMO BELUX that has received funding from the European Union under Grant Agreement number ...","EU","2023-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [544,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN FINLAND","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Finland_DisinfoFactsheet.pdf","May 9, 2023 ... ... law are to be followed. Finnish authorities' activity towards EU level disinformation policy has been mostly limited on third country actors. This project ...","EU","2023-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [545,"Weaponizing Privacy and Copyright Law for Censorship","https://www.cigionline.org/documents/2280/no.276_3PTEcTT.pdf","May 9, 2023 ... the potential impact that news media exceptions could have in the fight against misinformation. For example, during the DSA negotiations, a minority group of EU ...","EU","2023-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [546,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN IRELAND","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Ireland_DisinfoFactsheet.pdf","May 9, 2023 ... ... ACT 2022. In December 2022, the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act established a new regulatory body for media with ... EU countries to have systematically ...","EU","2023-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [547,"State-Sponsored Online Disinformation: Impact on Electoral Integrity ...","https://asiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/State-Sponsored-Online-Disinformation-Impact-on-Electoral-Integrity-in-Thailand.pdf","May 7, 2023 ... Penal Code (the lese-majeste law), is subjected to this kind of distorting disinformation attack. ... disinformation-about- · australian-politics-thinktank-says.","Australia","2023-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [548,"Measures to tackle disinformation, misinformation and hate speech ...","https://app7.legco.gov.hk/rpdb/en/uploads/2023/RT/RT03_2023_20230505_en.pdf","May 5, 2023 ... 2.2. In addition to local laws, the National Security Law also empowers law ... As such, the EU and Australia have considered disinformation and misinformation ...","EU","2023-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [549,"The Next Infodemic: Abortion Misinformation","https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e42582/PDF","May 4, 2023 ... On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court of the. United States (SCOTUS) decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's. Health Organization allowed a Mississippi law that ...","US","2023-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [550,"Debunking the Myths About Gender-Affirming Care","https://www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SfQYdWPJAoY%3D&portalid=0","May 4, 2023 ... A concerted disinformation campaign is not only behind discriminatory laws but is fueling threats and violence against ... American Academy of Pediatrics, and the ...","US","2023-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [551,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ACPDM_report_2022_Twitter-052823_DIGI.pdf","May 3, 2023 ... Other times, it may be in response to a valid legal request from an authorised entity in a given country38. 38 https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/ ...","Australia","2023-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [552,"The Dissemination of Misinformation Through Deepfakes on Social ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37375045/Tal.Final%20Thesis%20for%20Grading.pdf?sequence=1","May 3, 2023 ... a sex offender in a small town in rural Georgia, what are the chances of us meeting each other in the real world? This used to be capped or bound by the laws of ...","US","2023-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [553,"Tech Panics, Generative AI, and the Need for Regulatory Caution","https://www2.datainnovation.org/2023-ai-panic-cycle.pdf","May 1, 2023 ... In the EU, member of the European parliament have proposed. Page 21. CENTER FOR DATA INNOVATION. 21 last-minute amendments to the AI Act to treat generative AI ...","EU","2023-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [554,"Mitigating Misinformation Spread on Blockchain Based Online ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.07076","May 1, 2023 ... misinformation by delaying the propagation of misinformation. ... This indicates that Cannikin's Law [25]. (wooden ... tag because the linked tweets provide us with ...","US","2023-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [555,"1 Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political ...","https://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/SG3_priorities-for-the-trilogue-negotiations_final.pdf","Apr 30, 2023 ... eu/?page_id=14. Page 2. 2. ERGA appreciates the efforts made by the co-legislators ...","EU","2023-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [556,"Combatting Disinformation: Confronting Digital Authoritarianism and ...","https://www.balsillieschool.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Combatting-Disinformation-BD-ZL-EM-A.pdf","Apr 30, 2023 ... technology alongside a repressive legal regime. ... in the 2016 US presidential election and the 2020 EU ... Europe n.d.), an action plan for combatting ...","EU","2023-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [557,"CONVEY MESSAGE DISTORTION: A SYNCHRONOUS AND ...","https://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/n/article/download/9980/pdf","Apr 30, 2023 ... Law, C. C., Zhang, Y., & Gow, J. (2022). Airline service quality, customer ... study of primary care pharmacists in Western Australia. PLOS ONE, 15(6) ...","Australia","2023-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [558,"Truth and Bias, Left and Right: Testing Ideological Asymmetries with ...","https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-pdf/87/2/267/50968563/nfad013.pdf","Apr 29, 2023 ... ” Judgment and Decision Making 10:314–31. Ditto ... “Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the Consumption of Fake News during the 2016 U.S. ...","US","2023-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [559,"Monitoring hate speech and the limits of current definition","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/86421/ssoar-2023-bahador-Monitoring_hate_speech_and_the.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2023-bahador-Monitoring_hate_speech_and_the.pdf","Apr 29, 2023 ... Also, there is likely some misinformation involved in such a ... us-canada-56218684. Brewer, P. R., Joseph, G ... nation/how-federal-law-draws-a-line-between-free ...","US","2023-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [560,"Assessing enactment of content regulation policies: A post hoc ...","https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/cd37bcc7-658a-4cea-a691-3bff8a3ec029/content","Apr 28, 2023 ... Similarly, Sky News Australia also appears in the ... determine the efectiveness of its content regulation policies with respect to election misinformation.","Australia","2023-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [561,"Center for AI and Digital Policy (CAIDP) Statement to the G& Digital ...","https://s899a9742c3d83292.jimcontent.com/download/version/1686498002/module/8455425763/name/CAIDP-Statement-G7DigiMin-28042023.pdf","Apr 28, 2023 ... of law.”6 CAIDP currently serves as an advisor on AI policy to the Council ... risks of misinformation, privacy violations, and unlawful discrimination.","Australia","2023-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [562,"Exploring the Use of Personalized AI for Identifying Misinformation ...","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/150623/3544548.3581219.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Apr 28, 2023 ... We study how users perceive such an AI, and whether the AI predictions infuence users' judgment. We fnd that this infuence does exist and it grows larger over ...","US","2023-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [563,"Exploring European Citizens' Resilience to Misinformation: Media ...","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/88181/ssoar-mediacomm-2023-2-rodriguez-perez_et_al-Exploring_European_Citizens_Resilience_to.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Apr 28, 2023 ... This framework allows us to identify if intangible assets associated with media help explain resilience to misinformation. From this perspective, the aim of ...","US","2023-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [564,"Maintaining citizens' trust in a complex digital world 1. Introduction ...","https://www.ipc.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023-04-27-amcto-commissioner-keynote-final-web-copy-v4-en.pdf","Apr 27, 2023 ... information or misinformation by portraying pictures or voices of us in very ... While all of these are laudable attempts at agile regulation in a fast-.","US","2023-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [565,"Online health misinformation in the UK | Full Fact","https://fullfact.org/media/uploads/online_health_misinformation_in_the_uk_full_fact.pdf","Apr 25, 2023 ... ... eu/jrc-news ... misinformation about noncommunicable diseases –new WHO/Europe ... misinformation is properly addressed in regulation under the Online Safety Bill.","EU","2023-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [566,") Digital Repression Growing Globally, Threatening Freedoms","https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/NIC-Declassified-Assessment-Digital-Repression-Growing-April2023.pdf","Apr 24, 2023 ... 2018, using legislation that provides a broad ... misinformation and disinformation operations ... European Commission released a draft AI Act that is intended to ...","EU","2023-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [567,"Evaluating Antitrust Remedies for Platform Monopolies: The Case of ...","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4852&context=vlr","Apr 24, 2023 ... between labor regulation and antitrust regulation ... the FTC and State AGs did not focus on fake news and misinformation ... In fact, the E.U.'s new draft Digital ...","EU","2023-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [568,"Detecting Covid-19 Misinformation on Social Media","https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=honors_data_science","Apr 24, 2023 ... From analysis, the main findings of this study included a major presence of Hydroxychloroquine in the United States misinformation dataset and Boris.","US","2023-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [569,"Organized ignorance","https://ephemerajournal.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/23%281%29OrganisedIgnorance.pdf","Apr 23, 2023 ... regulation of space in mental health wards: A South Australian case study ... government misinformation and a sensationalist media discourse. McGoey's.","Australia","2023-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [570,"S-400s, Disinformation, and Anti-American Sentiment in Turkey","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=politicalscience_geography_pubs","Apr 23, 2023 ... Although Twitter is subject to stringent censorship laws in. Turkey, and Turkey even went so far as to temporarily block Twitter in March 2014, Twitter's ...","US","2023-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [571,"Exploring the Use of Personalized AI for Identifying Misinformation ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581219","Apr 23, 2023 ... We study how users perceive such an AI, and whether the AI predictions infuence users' judgment. We fnd that this infuence does exist and it grows larger over ...","US","2023-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [572,"Practicing Information Sensibility: How Gen Z Engages with Online ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581328","Apr 23, 2023 ... 2022. Investigating How University Students in the United States Encounter and Deal With Misinformation in Private WhatsApp Chats During COVID-19. In Eighteenth ...","US","2023-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [573,"GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVE OF DISINFORMATION FLOWS IN ...","https://metamorphosis.org.mk/wp-content/themes/metamorphosis/download.php?id=39909","Apr 23, 2023 ... of misinformation, disinformation and fake news ... Apart from discrediting the EU, disinformation about the French proposal aimed ... and harmonize legislation ...","EU","2023-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [574,"Trust and Reliance in Consensus-Based Explanations from an Anti ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.11279","Apr 22, 2023 ... Misinformation, especially on platforms like ... Many of us, members of the general public, are ... Taking Advice: Accepting Help, Improving Judgment, and Sharing ...","US","2023-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [575,"A Fake Future: The Threat of Foreign Disinformation on the U.S. and ...","https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1516&context=globaltides","Apr 21, 2023 ... Disinformation campaigns by Russia, China, and other actors pose a significant risk to U.S. intelligence operations and national security. The United States and ...","US","2023-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [576,"“Do you think this is not happening?”: Rhetorical laundering and the ...","https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1884&context=faculty","Apr 21, 2023 ... IN 2015, THE ANTIABORTION GROUP Center for Medical. Progress (CMP) released undercover videos alleging Planned. Parenthood violated federal law by profiting ...","US","2023-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [577,"Ukraine's Information Front – Strategic Communication during ...","https://foi.se/rest-api/report/FOI-R--5451--SE","Apr 20, 2023 ... ... misinformation-me ... organisations, e.g., as a part of EU support for countering disinformation. ... Geneva Convention, and our commitment to international law.”.","EU","2023-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [578,"Sending News Back Home: Misinformation Lost in Transnational ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579521","Apr 20, 2023 ... Misinformation Ecosystem in Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, the ... The image text does not accredit an authoritative or definitive source yet suggests legal ...","Australia","2023-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [579,"Reviewing Interventions to Address Misinformation: The Need to ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3579520","Apr 20, 2023 ... Authors' addresses: Zhila Aghajari, zha219@lehigh.edu, Lehigh University, 322 Building C, 113 Research Drive, Bethlehem,. PA, USA; Eric P. S. Baumer, ericpsb@ ...","US","2023-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [580,"Policymaking in the Pause","https://futureoflife.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FLI_Policymaking_In_The_Pause.pdf","Apr 19, 2023 ... AI systems are already capable of creating misinformation and authentic-looking fakes that degrade the ... 8. Proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act, Article ...","EU","2023-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [581,"Understanding and Addressing Misinformation about Science: A ...","https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/04-19-2023/docs/D6514FE58EDD3E5433D61A4AD8EDCD378DEF4539835D?noSaveAs=1","Apr 19, 2023 ... in psychological science from the University of Western Australia and was subsequently a Fulbright scholar at MIT's Political Experiments Research Laboratory.","Australia","2023-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [582,"Ten Guidelines for Dealing with Hybrid Threats A Policy Response ...","https://hcss.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Guidelines-for-the-Deterrence-of-Hybrid-Threats-HCSS-2023.pdf","Apr 18, 2023 ... The Commission's proposal on the establishment of a dedicated regulation against economic coercion42 is a clear signal that the. EU is willing to shift from a ...","EU","2023-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [583,"A Web Tool to Help Counter the Spread of Misinformation and Fake ...","https://mededu.jmir.org/2023/1/e38377/PDF","Apr 18, 2023 ... Participation was voluntary, anonymous, and free; thus, formal ethical approval was not required according to European regulation (EU-GDPR). All methods ...","EU","2023-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [584,"Policy brief: Gaming public opinion: the CCP's increasingly ...","https://ad-aspi.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/2023-05/Gaming%20public%20opinion.pdf?VersionId=QYkBIWncbBU0E1KAhg9mX3TD7kwlWcWj","Apr 17, 2023 ... Australia's Security of Critical ... Australian Code of Practice on. Disinformation and Misinformation, or through critical infrastructure legislation.","Australia","2023-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [585,"Deep Fakes and National Security","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11333","Apr 17, 2023 ... U.S. defense authorizations and appropriations, and the regulation of social media platforms. How Are Deep Fakes Created? Though definitions vary, deep ...","US","2023-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [586,"MisRoB {\\AE} RTa: Transformers versus Misinformation","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07759","Apr 16, 2023 ... ... fake news and misinformation ... COVID-19,. Fake News, and Vaccines: Should Regulation Be Implemented? ... Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/info/ · live-work- ...","EU","2023-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [587,"Administration of the Voice referendum","https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/P1398-Administration-of-the-Voice-referendum-Web.pdf","Apr 15, 2023 ... The Australia Institute strongly recommends that these laws be in place as soon as ... Australian Code of Practice for Disinformation. However, the Australia ...","Australia","2023-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [588,"Misinformation in Virtual Reality","https://vhil.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj29011/files/media/file/brown_vr.pdf","Apr 15, 2023 ... Distinguishing these two distinct but related aspects of misinformation allows us to focus on how perceptual experiences in VR may have an ... ” Law & Policy 28, ...","US","2023-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [589,"Police Secrecy Exceptionalism","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2971&context=faculty_scholarship","Apr 15, 2023 ... It concludes with a discussion of possible remedies. I. TRANSPARENCY LAWS AND POLICING. The U.S. transparency law regime is made up of various federal and state ...","US","2023-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [590,"Truth Decay and National Security: Intersections, Insights, and ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA100/PEA112-2/RAND_PEA112-2.pdf","Apr 12, 2023 ... COVID-19 misinformation, under a federal law that makes false information about biological weapons a criminal act (Elamroussi, 2021). • Political figures ...","EU","2023-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [591,"Disinformation and misinformation; a shared threat for veterinary ...","https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2023/04/11-2-peter-ballantyne-slides.pdf","Apr 11, 2023 ... Countering animal health misinformation and disinformation often requires joint action by Veterinary Services and Law Enforcement agencies. Page 6 ...","Australia","2023-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [592,"“Fact-checking” videos reduce belief in misinformation and improve ...","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/a7huq/download","Apr 11, 2023 ... Educational videos and other teaching materials are also at the heart of the EU's strategy to raise awareness about misinformation in civil society and to ...","EU","2023-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [593,"Misrepresentation in Prospectus: An Analysis of Civil and Criminal ...","https://ijaem.net/issue_dcp/Misrepresentation%20in%20Prospectus%20%20An%20Analysis%20of%20Civil%20and%20Criminal%20Liabilities.pdf","Apr 10, 2023 ... (2018). Prospectus liability in. Australia: An empirical analysis. University of New South Wales Law. Journal, 41(1), 290- ...","Australia","2023-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [594,"Navigating Infodemics and Building Trust during Public Health ...","https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/04-10-2023/docs/DA30E21286C71A8ACD621E3C0E6833F3F99B751B6148?noSaveAs=1","Apr 10, 2023 ... ... Law Foundation and YWCA USA. JILL JIM, PH.D., M.H.A., M.P.H., an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation and former member of the Biden-Harris Transition COVID ...","US","2023-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [595,"ChatGPT: More than a Weapon of Mass Deception, Ethical ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.11215","Apr 6, 2023 ... ... EU Artificial. Intelligence Act (Volpicelli, 2023). Similarly, the US FTC has issued warnings about companies overselling AI products by exaggerating ...","EU","2023-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [596,"Public Diplomacy and Disinformation Campaigns In A Digital Age","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1773641/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Apr 6, 2023 ... in the suburbs and the Swedish law being replaced by Sharia-laws emerged (Fjällhed, 2021, ... Retrieved from Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/sweden- ...","EU","2023-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [597,"Protecting Against Disinformation: Using Inoculation to Cultivate ...","https://cboman.people.ua.edu/uploads/1/3/7/2/137203799/boman__2023_.pdf","Apr 6, 2023 ... Humane Society of The US: Tony is Mad [Advertisement]. ... European Journal of Law and. Technology, 7(1), 1–27. ... Disinformation inoculation against ...","US","2023-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [598,"The Strategies of China's Disinformation Campaigns in the 2020 ...","https://polisci.ucsd.edu/undergrad/departmental-honors-and-pi-sigma-alpha/Senior-Honors-Thesis_archival---Ann-Lian.pdf","Apr 4, 2023 ... According to the Australian Strategic Policy Institution (ASPI), the Chinese government has been actively spreading disinformation on ...","Australia","2023-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [599,"Evidence-based policies in public health to address COVID-19 ...","https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/fvl-2022-0028","Apr 4, 2023 ... COVID-19 'noise', misinformation & disinformation. The COVID-19 ... The new Italian mandatory vaccine law as a health policy instrument ...","Australia","2023-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [600,"News(?)papers: A Typology of Fake News, 1880-1920","https://repository.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6816&context=gradschool_theses","Apr 3, 2023 ... ... us-election/trump-fake-news-counter- history ... individuals to profit off disinformation and misinformation ... regulation just passed to fine correspondents ...","US","2023-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [601,"Using ChatGPT to Fight Misinformation: ChatGPT Nails 72% of ...","https://psyarxiv.com/qnjkf/download","Apr 3, 2023 ... Keywords—- Misinformation, Fact-checking, Fake News ... as PolitiFact and Snopes in the US or FullFact in the UK. ... Human fact- checking experts bring a depth of ...","US","2023-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [602,"Coordinated inauthentic behavior: An innovative manipulation tactic ...","https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1141416/pdf","Apr 2, 2023 ... misinformation: a systematic review of reviews. ... HLEG EU Commission (2018). A Multi-Dimensional ... communication for election law and administration. J ...","EU","2023-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [603,"Humans and Algorithms Detecting Fake News: Effects of Individual ...","https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/294160841/Humans_and_Algorithms_Detecting_Fake_News_Effects_of_Individual_and_Contextual_Confidence_on_Trust_in_Algorithmic_Advice.pdf","Apr 1, 2023 ... It has often been argued and shown that algorithmic judgment can be as accurate or even more accurate than human judgement. However, humans are reluctant to ...","US","2023-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [604,"Reforming the Competition Act to Address Deceptive Green ...","https://ecojustice.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-03-31-Ecojustice-and-CAPE-submission-to-ISED-re_-Competition-Act.pdf","Mar 31, 2023 ... 3 European Commission (2020) Environmental claims in the EU – inventory and reliability assessment, accessed online;. Australian Competition and Consumer ...","EU","2023-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [605,"USAV Whistleblower and Anti-Retaliation Policy","https://usavolleyball.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-2024-USAV-Whistleblower-and-Anti-Retaliation-Policy-1.pdf","Mar 31, 2023 ... committed a violation of federal or state law, then the employee is to report the allegation ... Purposeful misinformation or false statement(s) to or by a member ...","US","2023-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [606,"DISINFORMATION GLOSSARY","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/EUDL_Disinformation_Glossary.pdf","Mar 30, 2023 ... GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation): A regulation in European law on data protection and privacy in the European Union and the European Economic Area.","EU","2023-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [607,"The role of media narratives in shaping public opinion toward ...","https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/MRS-72.pdf","Mar 30, 2023 ... concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of ... Daily Mail Australia, 27 February. Landmann, H., R. Gaschler and A. Rohmann.","Australia","2023-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [608,"Diffusion of Community Fact-Checked Misinformation on Twitter","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13673","Mar 30, 2023 ... This allows us to calculate the size of the resharing cascades. (i. e., the number of retweets) in order to measure the virality of the fact-checked post.","US","2023-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [609,"The White House Covid Censorship Machine - WSJ","https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/115561/documents/HHRG-118-IF16-20230328-SD017.pdf","Mar 28, 2023 ... Flaherty, the Facebook executive sent an email detailing the company's planned policy changes. They included “removing vaccine misinformation” and “reducing the ...","US","2023-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [610,"Farewell to Big Data? Studying Misinformation in Mobile Messaging ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2023.2193563","Mar 28, 2023 ... lities for regulation (Tromble & McGregor, 2019). ... January 6th, 2021, insurgency at the U.S. Capitol was organized through Facebook groups ... in the age of ...","US","2023-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [611,"Disinformation and Verification in a Digital Society: An Analysis of ...","https://www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11093/4759/R%C3%BAas_jos%C3%A9_2023_Dis_and_ver.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Mar 27, 2023 ... ... Law, the. Association is composed of the European ... The inherence of disinformation and misinformation related to politics and damage on democracies [44] has.","EU","2023-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [612,"misinformation-syllabus-2023.pdf","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/5/2293/files/2023/03/misinformation-syllabus-2023.pdf","Mar 24, 2023 ... “It is better to know less than to know so much that ain't so.” –Josh Billings (19th century American humorist). “It takes strength to admit you don't know ...","US","2023-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [613,"The illusory truth effect leads to the spread of misinformation","https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10167185/1/1-s2.0-S0010027723000550-main.pdf","Mar 24, 2023 ... In addition, participants indicated whether they perceived each statement as true of false. This allowed us to test whether repetition increases belief in ...","US","2023-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [614,"A PERFECT PROPAGANDA MACHINE","https://she-persisted.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ShePersisted_Hungary.pdf","Mar 22, 2023 ... and Society as part of a project titled “Misinformation ... disinformation and other aspects of online safety in the EU. ... See: Nick Thorpe, “Hungary Broke EU Law ...","EU","2023-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [615,"Disinformation Regulation in the EU: An Overview","https://www.jura.uni-frankfurt.de/134093626/2023_03_04_Peukert_EU_Disinfo_Reg.pdf?","Mar 19, 2023 ... Disinformation Regulation in the EU: An Overview. Prof. Dr. Alexander Peukert. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main a.peukert@jur.uni-frankfurt.de. Workshop ...","EU","2023-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [616,"Failures in the Laboratories of Democracy and Substantive Due ...","https://ncji.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bland-Clifford-Failures-in-the-Laboratories-of-Democracy-and-Substantive-Due-Process.pdf","Mar 20, 2023 ... Example #2: Social media law preventing companies from de- platforming hate speech and misinformation. a. The First Amendment prevents the States from ...","US","2023-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [617,"“That's just like, your opinion, man”: the illusory truth effect on opinions","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/728132","Mar 18, 2023 ... Misinformation. A one-tailed paired-sample t test ... credibility judgment. Aging, Neuropsychology, and ... makes us think? a three-stage dual-process model ...","US","2023-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [618,"China's Media Propaganda in Africa:: A Strategic Assessment","https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/sr_516-china_media_propaganda_africa.pdf","Mar 16, 2023 ... The following recommendations are intended both to counter China's anti-US disinformation ... Rabkin, Professor of Law, Antonin Scalia Law ... • Losing Facts to ...","US","2023-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [619,"Disrupting the Narrative: Diving Deeper into Section 230 Political ...","https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2646&context=plr","Mar 15, 2023 ... (D-NM) introduced the Health Misinformation Act. In the bill's press release, the senators argue that Section 230—”which was intended to promote online.","EU","2023-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [620,"Stronger Together for social action - Resource pack Fake News and ...","https://www.britishcouncil.be/sites/default/files/stronger-together-for-social-action-resource-pack-fake-news-and-disinformation.pdf","Mar 15, 2023 ... and the EU for Europe's collective benefit. We ... How practical is this? 3. Act: Fake News and Disinformation ... Misinformation or Disinformation and is it fake?","EU","2023-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [621,"The Link between Misinformation and Radicalisation:","https://www.jstor.org/stable/27209215","Mar 15, 2023 ... 36 Bettina Rottweiler and Paul Gill, “Conspiracy beliefs and violent extremist intentions: The contingent effects of self-efficacy, self-control and law-related ...","US","2023-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [622,"The Geneva Policy Outlook The Global Disinformation Order","https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/sites/internet/files/2023-03/Globe%2031_web.pdf","Mar 15, 2023 ... Interpreting Disinformation – Carolyn Biltoft. The Politics of International Legal Justifications: On Trues, Lies and Bullshit – Fuad Zarbiyev.","US","2023-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [623,"Information Operations under International Law","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2769&context=vjtl","Mar 14, 2023 ... 1, 2020), https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-china- disinformation-coronavirus-covidl9-facebook-google/. [https://perma.cc/ZT5V-ZBN3]. (archived Aug. 23, ...","EU","2023-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [624,"KRISTINA MIKHAILIDI DEBUNKING OF FAKE NEWS IN ...","https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/44710/1/KristinaMikhailidi_DebunkingOfFakeNewsInTelegramIn2022.ComparativeStudy.pdf","Mar 12, 2023 ... World support for Ukraine ( publications about mental, financial and military support from. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and European Union).","EU","2023-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [625,"UNPREDICTIONS Insights into policy, business, tech, media and ...","https://www.powelltate.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Unpredictions.pdf","Mar 11, 2023 ... misinformation and disinformation. Limiting the excesses of social ... Governments will prioritize crypto regulation ... The EU will continue to enact ESG-related ...","EU","2023-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [626,"Evaluations of the Authenticity of News Media Articles and Variables ...","https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11811/10820/Plieger_Evaluations_of_the_Authenticity_2023.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Mar 11, 2023 ... Thus, the term fake news has substantial overlaps with misinformation and disinformation ... Judgment and Decision Making 17: 547–73. ... (Re) presentation of ...","EU","2023-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [627,"Assessing the impact of contextual information in hate speech ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.00465","Mar 11, 2023 ... As a result, states and supranational organizations such as the. European Union have enacted legislation that urges social media companies to moderate and ...","EU","2023-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [628,"Misinformation due to asymmetric information sharing","https://www.unifr.ch/webnews/content/181/file/MisInfo_Paper_2023-03.pdf","Mar 10, 2023 ... As in the DeGroot model positive and negative signals are mingled into continuous opinions, it is unclear to us how asymmetries could be meaningfully introduced ...","US","2023-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [629,"Trade-offs between reducing misinformation and politically ...","https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/115442/documents/HHRG-118-FD00-20230309-SD009.pdf","Mar 9, 2023 ... ... E.U.'s General Data Protection Regulation), they ... concerns about disinformation, misinformation, and “fake news ... the context of judgments about misinformation ...","EU","2023-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [630,"Free Speech and the Legal Prohibition of Fake News - Étienne Brown","https://www.pdcnet.org/collection-anonymous/pdf2image?pdfname=soctheorpract_2023_0999_3_3_179.pdf&file_type=pdf","Mar 9, 2023 ... I find this understanding of autonomy appealing as it allows us to grasp the rationale behind uncontroversial laws against decep- tive speech, including laws ...","US","2023-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [631,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN FRANCE","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20230224_FR_DisinfoFS.pdf","Mar 7, 2023 ... By Nicolas Hénin, EU DisinfoLab. Page 2. 2 ... The disinformation actors ... Those laws include the law against the manipulation of information, the law aiming at.","EU","2023-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [632,"Policy Digest #9","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ISD_DPL_Policy_Digest_9.pdf","Mar 7, 2023 ... EU: Proposed regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising. Type Regulatory. Status Trilogues (Ordinary legislative procedure). The ...","EU","2023-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [633,"Editorial: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Mis- and Disinformation ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051221150405","Mar 7, 2023 ... ... us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage ... Related to this, there is the question of regulation and ... Developing from a focus on social theory, in. “ ...","US","2023-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [634,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN GERMANY","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20230224_GER_DisinfoFS.pdf","Mar 6, 2023 ... to counter electoral disinformation, as EU DisinfoLab reported. Page 9. 9. POLICY. • Germany does not have an ad hoc law criminalising disinformation as such.","EU","2023-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [635,"Online gendered disinformation and sexist hate speech","https://www.mediasupport.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMS-Online-gendered-disinformation_final.pdf","Mar 6, 2023 ... orchestrated disinformation campaigns. ... “The attacks make us feel highly uncomfortable ... Few countries currently have the legal frameworks, legal definitions ...","US","2023-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [636,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN ITALY","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20230224_IT_DisinfoFS.pdf","Mar 5, 2023 ... The lack of legislation to counter disinformation is concerning. ... measures and the EU Digital COVID Certificate, organising in Telegram channels with.","EU","2023-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [637,"Practicing Information Sensibility: How Gen Z Engages with Online ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.07184","Mar 5, 2023 ... Does media literacy help identification of fake news? Information literacy helps, but other literacies don't. American Behavioral Scientist 65, 2 (2021), 371– ...","US","2023-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [638,"The Stolen Election Lie and the Freedom of Speech - Wes ...","https://www.pennstatelawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Stolen-Election-Lie.pdf","Mar 5, 2023 ... See Fernando Nuñez, Note, Disinformation Legislation and Freedom of. Expression, 10 U.C. IRVINE L. REV. 783, 789 (2020). 82. See United States v. Williams ...","US","2023-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [639,"Algorithmic Disgorgement: Destruction of Artificial Intelligence ...","https://jolt.richmond.edu/files/2023/03/Goland-Final.pdf","Mar 4, 2023 ... 38 Klosowski, supra note 33. 39 Online Privacy Protection Act ... cyberattacks and spreading disinformation.197 ... cases, including for children,198 and in the EU ...","EU","2023-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [640,"DISINFORMATION LANDSCAPE IN SPAIN","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20230224_SP_DisinfoFS.pdf","Mar 4, 2023 ... By Ana Romero Vicente, EU DisinfoLab ... The European Union has detected dozens of hoaxes and disinformation related to the ... attack the Gender Equality Law, ...","EU","2023-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [641,"Submission on Foreign Interference through Social Media","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=5c622cdc-309f-416a-8c68-159b4d22c016&subId=734716","Mar 3, 2023 ... The Sub-Committee submits that the Australian Government should strengthen laws around online disinformation and misinformation, including options that explore ...","US","2023-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [642,"Attention Public is advised not to fall prey to misinformation and fake ...","https://www.bitsadmission.com/bitsat/download/Not_to_fall_prey.pdf","Mar 2, 2023 ... BITS Pilani will initiate required criminal and legal actions against any unscrupulous individuals/entities/agencies trying to interfere in the fair and ...","US","2023-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [643,"Help Stop the Spread of Disinformation Flyer and FAQs - mini","https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/together-stop-disinformation-mini_508.pdf","Feb 27, 2023 ... Per U.S. law, foreign actors engaged in political activities must disclose their relationship to foreign governments; disinformation websites may not have.","US","2023-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [644,"Can Fighting Misinformation Have a Negative Spillover Effect? How ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2187652","Feb 27, 2023 ... It is thus a “most likely” context for the problems related to the deception and truth biases studied in this paper. In the US media environment, it used to be ...","US","2023-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [645,"a-comparative-framework-for-ai-regulatory-policy.pdf","https://ceimia.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/a-comparative-framework-for-ai-regulatory-policy.pdf","Feb 27, 2023 ... Monitoring and enforcement: the EU and Canada intend to establish new enforcement bodies, such as the “Artificial Intelligence Board” for the EU draft. AI Act ...","EU","2023-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [646,"Can Fighting Misinformation Have a Negative Spillover Effect? How ...","https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/39409/Can%20Fighting%20Misinformation%20Have%20a%20Negative%20Spillover%20Effect%20How%20Warnings%20for%20the%20Threat%20of%20Misinformation%20Can%20Decrease%20General%20News%20Credibility.pdf?sequence=2","Feb 27, 2023 ... It is thus a “most likely” context for the problems related to the deception and truth biases studied in this paper. In the US media environment, it used to be ...","US","2023-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [647,"REDACTEDPUBLIC VERSION Filedon February27, 2023","https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/dominion-fox-news/54e33f20f7fb6e8d/full.pdf","Feb 27, 2023 ... foreclosed by New York law and has no legitimate basis in federal Constitutional law. See Dom.Opp. to FNN MTD pp.8-16; Dom. MSJ pp.163-168. Dominion.","US","2023-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [648,"Media Engagement Policy","https://www.surrey.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/surrey/policies/media-engagement-policy.pdf","Feb 25, 2023 ... 5.9 All police officers and police staff are expected to proactively check relevant Force policies and whether or not there are legal or operational reasons why ...","US","2023-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [649,"Disinformation and its Countermeasures","https://assets.gov.ie/251681/aa0cd387-60f3-47f6-a3da-62b7617dc916.pdf","Feb 24, 2023 ... Misinformation. Wardle C and Derakhshan H (2017) ... researchers threatened with legal cases; questions about the quality of data. An EU priority that has not ...","EU","2023-02-24T00:00:00"],
    [650,"Combined Annotations of Misinformation, Propaganda, and ...","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1193086.pdf","Feb 23, 2023 ... This process helps us identify new rhetorical techniques and revise our taxonomy. o Choose 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6: ▫ 1) Annotate as Negative Emotion. ▫ ...","US","2023-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [651,"Legal and Regulatory Frameworks of Mass Communication in ...","https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2302320.pdf","Feb 22, 2023 ... For example, in. Australia, the government has introduced legislation that requires tech giants like Google and Facebook to pay for news content, which has been ...","Australia","2023-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [652,"Governing artificial intelligence in the media and communications ...","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2023-1-1683.pdf","Feb 21, 2023 ... 2). The ensuing Communication from the Eu- ropean Commission (2018) claims to address the ethical and legal questions sur- rounding AI, which ...","EU","2023-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [653,"Propaganda and Misinformation on Facebook and Twitter during the ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.00419","Feb 20, 2023 ... Information systems → World Wide Web; • Applied com- puting → Law, social and behavioral sciences. KEYWORDS. Facebook, misinformation, propaganda, Twitter.","EU","2023-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [654,"EDMO Policy Monitoring: The Regulation of Online Disinformation ...","https://edmohub.ie/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EDMO-Task-V-Dec-2022-2.pdf","Feb 17, 2023 ... Develop effective long-term monitoring of the application of the EU. Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Digital Services Act in. Ireland;. ○ Be ...","EU","2023-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [655,"Evidence and Credibility Assessment in the Context of the Common ...","https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2023-02/Evidence_credibility_judicial_analysis_second_edition.pdf","Feb 17, 2023 ... The EUAA judicial publications comprise judicial analyses, judicial ... See also Regulation (EU) No 439/2010 of the ... Misinformation Effect', Journal of ...","EU","2023-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [656,"MONETIZING MISOGYNY | ShePersisted","https://she-persisted.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/ShePersisted_MonetizingMisogyny.pdf","Feb 17, 2023 ... In our countries of study, we saw how platforms have repeatedly failed to act in tackling abusive and disinformation content against women political leaders.","EU","2023-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [657,"People Believe Misinformation Is a Threat Because They Assume ...","https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/364306/4/MS_Altay_AA.pdf","Feb 17, 2023 ... While today the radio appears totally innocuous to us, many alarmist headlines about the radio were written between 1921 and. Page 5. 5. 1956 1, including “ ...","US","2023-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [658,"Inquiry into the risk posed to Australia's democracy by foreign ...","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/submission_to_the_senate_select_committee_on_foreign_interference_through_social_media_16_february_2023_1.pdf","Feb 16, 2023 ... The broader question of misinformation and disinformation on social media is an important one that needs to be given serious consideration,. Page 9. Australian ...","Australia","2023-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [659,"Artificial intelligence and civil liability—do we need a new regime?","https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/article-pdf/30/4/385/49978083/eaad001.pdf","Feb 15, 2023 ... 15 EU (2021/0116 (COD)). This proposed regulation is commonly known as the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act and is currently deliberated at the EU level.","EU","2023-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [660,"Assessing enactment of content regulation policies: A post hoc ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.07836","Feb 15, 2023 ... Similarly, Sky News Australia also appears in the ... determine the effectiveness of its content regulation policies with respect to election misinformation.","Australia","2023-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [661,"Australian Communications and Media Authority Statement of Intent","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-03/ACMA-Statement-of-Intent.pdf","Feb 15, 2023 ... The ACMA is an independent Commonwealth statutory authority responsible for the regulation of broadcasting, radiocommunications, telecommunications and some ...","Australia","2023-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [662,"About mis-disinformation, its potential impacts, and the challenges to ...","https://www.pdinstitute.uottawa.ca/common/Uploaded%20files/PDI%20files/About-Mis-disinformation-and-its%20Potential-Impacts-Nicolas-Rutherford.pdf","Feb 15, 2023 ... DISINFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND FAKE NEWS ... “Solving” the issue is not one simple “mis-disinformation law ... eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/653635/EXPO_STU(2021) ...","EU","2023-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [663,"Fool Me Once, Shame On You: Promoting Corporate Accountability ...","https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2952&context=faculty_publications","Feb 14, 2023 ... 821 (2021) (discussing stricter laws in the EU that leave little room for greenwashing). 35 Jennifer Hijazi, 'Climate-Washing' Brawls Will Target New Sectors, ...","EU","2023-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [664,"Strategies for the Minimisation of Misinformation Spread Through ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17512786.2023.2183235","Feb 14, 2023 ... spread of misinformation, as the current legislation does not sufficiently address the problem of fake news in terms of prevention, regulation, and sanctions.","US","2023-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [665,"U.S. MEDIA LITERACY 2022 POLICY REPORT","https://medialiteracynow.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/MediaLiteracyPolicyReport2022.pdf","Feb 14, 2023 ... Although the attention to bias in the news and misinformation has grown, it's just a part of the issue. ... enforce this regulation. ... The U.S. Digital Equity Act ...","US","2023-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [666,"Classifying and responding to online risk to children - London","https://www.lse.ac.uk/business/consulting/assets/documents/Classifying-and-responding-to-online-risk-to-children-Good-practice-guide.pdf","Feb 13, 2023 ... Legal information was also shared, and the boy ... EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. ... – either unintentionally (misinformation) or ...","EU","2023-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [667,"Liberals Engage With More Diverse Policy Topics and Toxic Content ...","https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/documents/working-papers/2023/wp-23-08.pdf","Feb 14, 2023 ... Fake news on · Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science, 363(6425), 374–378. Grossmann, M., & Hopkins, D. A. (2016). Asymmetric politics: ...","US","2023-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [668,"Classifying and responding to online risk to children - Good practice ...","https://www.betterinternetforkids.eu/documents/167024/200055/Good+practice+guide+-+Classifying+and+responding+to+online+risk+to+children+-+FINAL+-+February+2023.pdf","Feb 13, 2023 ... Legal information was also shared, and the boy ... EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. ... – either unintentionally (misinformation) or ...","EU","2023-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [669,"Centre for Policy on Ageing Information Service Selected Readings ...","http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/readings/abuse.pdf","Feb 13, 2023 ... commentary.It sets the Act's development and aims in Singapore's social and legal contexts. ... In Australia there is an absence of an elder abuse screening ...","Australia","2023-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [670,"The Dark Side of ChatGPT: Legal and Ethical Challenges from ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.14347","Feb 11, 2023 ... ... misinformation and disinformation ... The EU AI regulatory paradigm: Advanced Legal intervention required ... Apart from the AIA, the Digital Service Act (DSA) aims ...","EU","2023-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [671,"Just what is data-driven campaigning? A systematic review","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/206787/7/Just%20what%20is%20data-driven%20campaigning%20%20A%20systematic%20review.pdf","Feb 11, 2023 ... EU fundamental rights and democracy implications of data-driven political campaigns. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 27 (6), pp.774-790.","EU","2023-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [672,"AustralianSuper Complaints Policy","https://www.australiansuper.com/-/media/australian-super/files/tools-and-advice/forms-and-fact-sheets/superannuation/fact-sheets/australiansuper-complaints-policy.pdf","Feb 11, 2023 ... It's Australian. It's super. And it's yours. Complaints. Policy. February 2023. Page 2 ... • A party to Family Law proceedings. Additional assistance available.","Australia","2023-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [673,"Does AI-Assisted Fact-Checking Disproportionately Benefit Majority ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.03782","Feb 9, 2023 ... ... law in the United States, and that the majority ... 2021) sponsored research has pointed out, misinformation ... The impact of disinformation campaigns about ...","EU","2023-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [674,"The press versus the president, part one","https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/115294/documents/HHRG-118-FD00-20230209-SD028.pdf","Feb 9, 2023 ... The two most inflammatory, and enduring, slogans commandeered by Trump in this conflict were “fake news” and the news media as “the enemy of the American people ...","Australia","2023-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [675,"Free Speech vs. Disinformation Comes to a Head","https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/urls_cited/ot2022/22-592/22-592-5.pdf","Feb 9, 2023 ... ... Act, a law that broadly shields internet ... us down.” Jenin Younes, a lawyer with the New ... Steven Lee Myers covers misinformation for The Times.","US","2023-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [676,"Vaccine Misinformation for Profit: Conspiratorial Wellness ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/21128/4494","Feb 9, 2023 ... U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy (2021) ... misinformation is a serious threat to public health. It can ... William & Mary Law Review, 59(1), 1123. boyd, d ...","US","2023-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [677,"The effect of communication and disinformation during the COVID ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/740065/IPOL_ATA(2023)740065_EN.pdf","Feb 8, 2023 ... It investigates COVID-19 dis/misinformation practices, and countermeasures implemented in the EU. It draws up recommendations to improve these responses in the ...","EU","2023-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [678,"Beyond Disinformation: EU Responses to the Threat of Foreign ...","https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/2023-01-31%20EEAS%202023%20FIMI%20conference%20Beyond%20Disinformation%20-%20agenda.pdf","Feb 7, 2023 ... 09:30-10:30: High-level panel on FIMI as a political challenge to the EU and NATO. ... 13:50-14:35: Panel on regulation and disruption. ... • Clare Melford (Co- ...","EU","2023-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [679,"Resolving content moderation dilemmas between free speech and ...","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2210666120","Feb 7, 2023 ... But what about when content is not explicitly illegal but rather “legal but harmful” or “lawful but awful”? Harmful misinformation—inaccurate claims that can ...","EU","2023-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [680,"1st EEAS Report on Foreign Information Manipulation and ...","https://euvsdisinfo.eu/uploads/2023/02/EEAS-ThreatReport-February2023-02.pdf","Feb 7, 2023 ... Misinformation is false or misleading ... Pfizer Disinformation Drive In Europe” 2021. ... 31 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council.","EU","2023-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [681,"Robust Theory and Fragile Practice: Information in a World of ...","http://www.columbia.edu/~ak2912/Robust%20Theory%20and%20Fragile%20Practice%20Part%202%20Direct%20Communication.pdf","Feb 7, 2023 ... polarisation, learning, social media, misinformation, disinformation. ... adequate remedy through tort law ... But the elimination of fairness obligations in 1987 ...","US","2023-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [682,"Fake News in Metajournalistic Discourse","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1734048/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Feb 4, 2023 ... The European Par- liament elections—held concurrently in all European Union (EU) member states in May. 2019—were designated as “Europe's most hackable election” ...","EU","2023-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [683,"Addressing the security risks of anti-Roma hate speech on social ...","https://gsp.yale.edu/sites/default/files/pavlova_wp4_final_20feb23.pdf","Feb 4, 2023 ... ... regulation is over. Regulatory initiatives are being prominently revamped by the European Union (EU) where legislation such as the Digital Services Act ...","EU","2023-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [684,"4.6. Debunking myths and addressing misinformation","https://reconciliationnsw.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/4.6_Debunking-myths-and-addressing-misinformation_final.pdf","Feb 4, 2023 ... 1 So before Australians vote on the Referendum, there will be clear legislation drafted. The referendum must then be held no sooner than two months and no later ...","Australia","2023-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [685,"Insurance, technology and data: Trust through a regulatory lens","https://www.cii.co.uk/media/10129225/insurance-tech-data-report.pdf","Feb 3, 2023 ... and it fuels disinformation, discrimination, voter ... 22 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ... The Future Regulatory Framework was included in. The ...","EU","2023-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [686,"Media Policy - NSW Police","https://www.police.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/837500/FINAL_-_Media_Policy_-_February_2023.pdf","Feb 1, 2023 ... jeopardise court proceedings, breach other laws or infringe legal rights. ... misinformation before it spreads. If in doubt, contact PMU for advice. If a person ...","Australia","2023-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [687,"Ignorance, disinformation, manipulation and hate speech as ...","https://policijska-akademija.gov.hr/UserDocsImages/06_nakladnistvo/policija_i_sigurnost/2023/02/01%20Ignorance%20Disinformation%20Manipulation%20as%20Tools%20of%20Power%20(3).pdf","Feb 1, 2023 ... Keywords: ignorance, misinformation, disinformation ... majority of the accounts behind false and misleading content in the US were domestic. ... Law. A ...","US","2023-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [688,"Antecedents and Consequences of Misinformation Sharing ...","https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/699686e1-8e5f-4a67-ac16-d0516ee0e0da/PubMedCentral/699686e1-8e5f-4a67-ac16-d0516ee0e0da.pdf","Jan 30, 2023 ... Australia. 9,619 Australian 18 +. Descriptive statistics. Su (2021). Telematics ... Law student's response to the COVID 19 infodemic on social media: An ...","Australia","2023-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [689,"The Climate Misinformation Landscape","https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/2023-02/Session%206%20-%20Koonin%20-%20v1.pdf","Jan 30, 2023 ... of the lack of economic understanding of the American voter.” - J. Gruber, MIT (November, 2014). Page 4. Motivations for misinformation.","US","2023-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [690,"COMBATING DISINFORMATION THROUGH INTERNATIONAL LAW","https://www.nyujilp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Strongwater-OA-1.pdf","Jan 29, 2023 ... The Strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation, EUR. COMM'N (June 16, 2022), https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2022-strengthened-code- ...","EU","2023-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [691,"countering russian information influence in the baltic states: a ...","https://www.kvak.ee/files/2023/01/Sojateadlane-19-2022-Johannes-Voltri-COUNTERING-RUSSIAN-INFORMATION-INFLUENCE-IN-THE-BALTIC-STATES-A-COMPARISON-OF-APPROACHES-ADOPTED-IN-ESTONIA-LATVIA-AND-LITHUANIA.pdf","Jan 28, 2023 ... Estonia, part of the same European Union regulatory environment as ... Development Plan lack references to regulatory or legal ... Disinformation resilience in ...","EU","2023-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [692,"Free Speech, Platforms, and the Fake News Problem","http://www.teis-workshop.org/papers/2023/fakenews_vanalstyne.pdf","Jan 28, 2023 ... To make progress, this Article then endeavors to bridge law, information asymmetry economics, and externality economics. Bridging these schools of thought ...","EU","2023-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [693,"Online but unlawful sales of unapproved and misbranded ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joca.12515","Jan 29, 2023 ... Of the approximately 35,000 online pharmacies active at any time, 96% do not comply with U.S. law or pharmacy standards and 600 new illicit online pharmacies ...","US","2023-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [694,"Post-Truth Populism and Scientific Expertise: Climate and Covid ...","https://journals.openedition.org/irpp/pdf/2390","Jan 28, 2023 ... How Can the Law Regulate Removal of Fake News. Scottish Society for Computers and Law. Nichols, T. (2017). The Death of Expertise; The Campaign Against ...","US","2023-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [695,"AI Regulation Has Its Own Alignment Problem: The Technical and ...","https://dho.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/AI_Regulation.pdf","Jan 27, 2023 ... ... EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence (June ... 50 Use of AI systems to create and spread misinformation (such as “deep fake” images and videos) ...","EU","2023-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [696,"Developing Misinformation Immunity: How to Reason-Check ...","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/94664726/20563051221150407.pdf","Jan 27, 2023 ... The role played by the chatbot experience has also to do with the number of criteria considered when making a reli- ability judgment. Let us consider, for ...","US","2023-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [697,"The effect of communication and disinformation during the COVID ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2023/740063/IPOL_STU(2023)740063_EN.pdf","Jan 26, 2023 ... sfvrsn=ed2ba78b_4. 3. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a ...","EU","2023-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [698,"The Global Disinformation Index (GDI) is a not-for-profit organisation ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/threats-digital-age/csos/2023-01-26/Submission-SR%20freedex-hrc50-Global%20Disinformation%20Index.pdf","Jan 26, 2023 ... The results of this problem are clear. GDI estimates that just in the EU, tech companies pay out annually out more than US$76 million in ad revenues to known ...","EU","2023-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [699,"Responding to Malicious Corporate Deepfakes","https://www.debevoise.com/-/media/files/insights/publications/2023/01/25_responding-to-malicious-corporate-deepfakes.pdf?rev=3c82b55dddf741f2800a5624eca3af8c&hash=C6199BF6AAD14823D0BE535C2611CE77","Jan 25, 2023 ... In the United States, however, the federal government has not yet offered legislation or ... misinformation. Outside of these two categories ... * * *. Please do ...","US","2023-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [700,"Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Sub-committee on Online Harms ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/12582/pdf/","Jan 24, 2023 ... that is often disinformation or misinformation—more disinformation— simply to create a balanced discussion. ... think came from the rest of the EU?” The average ...","EU","2023-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [701,"US DISINFORMATION POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE","https://gdil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/gdpd_whitepaper_v2.pdf","Jan 23, 2023 ... One team of legal scholars researching disinformation laws passed by EU states argued that the concept of disinformation is not suffi- ciently clear enough ...","EU","2023-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [702,"Adaptation of the U.S.-oriented evidence-based intervention ...","https://svhattc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Adaptation-of-TransAction-in-Vietnam_Print.pdf","Jan 23, 2023 ... However, as of 2021, the bill to enforce that law has been on hold. The ... Oral presentation at the Australian HIV/. AIDS Conference, Perth, Australia.","Australia","2023-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [703,"From a Network to a Dilemma: The Legitimacy of Social Media","https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Publish_26-STLR-92-2023_From-a-Network-to-a-Dilemma_AbiriGuidi6283.pdf","Jan 22, 2023 ... eroded by misinformation and disinformation. ... law and legal ... Algorithmic Content Moderation on Social Media in EU Law: Illusion of Perfect. Enforcement, 2020 ...","EU","2023-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [704,"That Is So Mainstream: The Impact of Hyper-Partisan Media Use and ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/21055/4524","Jan 20, 2023 ... In the United States, this means readily accepting misinformation that favors one's party or denigrates the opposing party, driven in part by ideological ...","US","2023-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [705,"Realtime user ratings as a strategy for combatting misinformation: an ...","https://research.rug.nl/files/588393261/s41598_023_28597_x.pdf","Jan 20, 2023 ... Take-down policy. If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately.","US","2023-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [706,"Countering Disinformation in Pakistan","https://www.mediasupport.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Countering-Disinformation-in-Pakistan-2023.pdf","Jan 19, 2023 ... Scholars have identified 11 major types of disinformation responses, including legislation, fact-checking, election-specific interventions, Media & Information ...","EU","2023-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [707,"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-2.pdf","Jan 19, 2023 ... Tom Fitton is a US lawyer and President of the conservative legal organisation Judicial Watch, famous for suing the US ... misinformation narratives. Page 42. 42.","Australia","2023-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [708,"The Paradox of Free Speech in the Digital World: First Amendment ...","https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2566&context=fac_articles_chapters","Jan 18, 2023 ... ff-responds-eu-commission-digital-services-act-put-users-back-control [https://perma.cc/PTS4-77RA]. 99. Corynne McSherry, Content Moderation and the U.S. ...","EU","2023-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [709,"One year of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on Twitter ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.01675","Jan 17, 2023 ... This work is supported in part by the Italian Ministry of Education (PRIN project HOPE), the EU Horizon 2020 (grant 101016233), the National Science Foundation ...","EU","2023-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [710,"CYBER, ARTILLERY, PROPAGANDA","https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/rr9q9n-glu5j/2023-01-17-Ukraine-ESCU-Cyber-Artiller-Propaganda-Comprehensive-Analysis-of-Russian-Warfare-Dimensions-ESCU.pdf","Jan 17, 2023 ... And the Center for Countering Disinformation at the National. Security and Defense Council warned that the occupiers launched an information attack on the ...","EU","2023-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [711,"Optimising Emotions, Incubating Falsehoods: How to Protect the ...","https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/51340111/978_3_031_13551_4_1_.pdf","Jan 17, 2023 ... denced in Australia, which passed the Treasury Laws Amendment (News. Media and ... tions: How can the law regulate digital disinformation? Computer Law ...","Australia","2023-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [712,"Sharing of misinformation is habitual, not just lazy or biased","https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/9/70827/files/2023/09/Gizem-Ceylan-PAPER1-PNAS.2216614120.pdf","Jan 17, 2023 ... Judgment Decis. Making 17, 547–573 (2022). 11. J. J. Van Bavel et al., Political psychology in the digital (mis)information ...","US","2023-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [713,"16th ... - Avaaz Report - EU Code of Practice on Disinformation","https://disinfocode.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/avaaz-report-eu-code-of-practice-on-disinformation-january-2023.pdf","Jan 16, 2023 ... For 2022, our focus shifted towards supporting EU policy-makers in their work on two key initiatives: the Digital Services Act and the Code of Practice on ...","EU","2023-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [714,"Analysing Public Health Impact of Misinformation During COVID-19 ...","https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/2023011613365831_MJMHS_1332.pdf","Jan 16, 2023 ... In Australia, for example, medical health personnel of Chinese origin endure stigma in ... of Law and Psychiatry. 2020;72(January):1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp ...","Australia","2023-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [715,"Visual User-Generated Content Verification in Journalism: An ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/6514899/10017287.pdf","Jan 16, 2023 ... INDEX TERMS visual misinformation, multimedia forensics, journalistic verification, misinformation detection, disinformation detection. I. INTRODUCTION. IN ...","Australia","2023-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [716,"Legal loopholes and the risk of foreign interference","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2023/702577/EXPO_ATA(2023)702577_EN.pdf","Jan 15, 2023 ... Tackling these loopholes would complement the measures the EU has already taken to combat disinformation and foreign interference. In all these efforts, the EU ...","EU","2023-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [717,"Fake News Legislation in Hong Kong: The Limitations of Current ...","https://www.athensjournals.gr/law/2023-9-1-6-Luk.pdf","Jan 15, 2023 ... & L. Fallon (2021). Fighting Fake News A Study Of Online Misinformation. Regulation in the Asia Pacific. Melbourne, Australia: La Trobe University.","Australia","2023-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [718,"Treating Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act as a Quid ...","https://connecticutlawreview.law.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2747/2023/01/Meghan-McDermott-Final-3.pdf","Jan 15, 2023 ... Yet, in the absence of federal or state regulation or guidance in the U.S., social media platforms have been left to address the misinformation issue on ...","US","2023-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [719,"Vasist, P.N., & Krishnan, S. (2023) “Disinformation 'gatecrashes ...","https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ewq9a/download","Jan 15, 2023 ... Foreign disinformation gained popularity following allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 US ... legislation to combat political disinformation in light ...","US","2023-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [720,"Expressive responding in support of Donald Trump: An extended ...","https://osf.io/3fvyn/download","Jan 14, 2023 ... Misinformation Review, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-51. Schaffner ... Judgment and Decision Making, 13(3), 260-267. Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T ...","Australia","2023-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [721,"Information operations","https://feps-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/13.-Information-operations-by-Katarina-Klingova.pdf","Jan 13, 2023 ... (2022) “Report on foreign interference in all democratic processes in the European Union, including disinformation (2020/2268(INI))”. European Parliament, 8 ...","EU","2023-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [722,"The European Union versus Russian disinformation","https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/305975/nitszke_the_european_union_versus_2022.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 13, 2023 ... Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament: Russia: Presented to Parliament pursuant to section 3 of the Justice and Security Act 2013 Ordered by the ...","EU","2023-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [723,"The Legality of Third-Party Countermeasures in Response to ...","https://scripties.uba.uva.nl/download?fid=c8069686","Jan 13, 2023 ... See also: Council of the European Union, Council Regulation (EU) No 401/2013 concerning restrictive ... outlets since they promoted disinformation about the ...","EU","2023-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [724,"The Effect of Different Delivery Modes of Misinformation on False ...","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/637776","Jan 13, 2023 ... Children's false memories: Different false memory paradigms reveal different results. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17, 513-528. Doi: 10.1080/10683160903373392.","US","2023-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [725,"Studying Fake News Spreading, Polarisation Dynamics, and ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.07909","Jan 14, 2023 ... “epidemic threshold”, that tells us if and when we can stop worrying because the misinformation will be vanishing ... Misinformation, disinformation ... The law of ...","US","2023-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [726,"LEGAL LOOPHOLES AND THE RISK OF FOREIGN INTERFERENCE","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/261397/OJ%204_K%20Jones%20Presentation%20for%20INGE%202%20120123.pdf","Jan 12, 2023 ... Foreign interference: illegitimate interference in the politics and democracy of the EU and MS by foreign powers. • Examples: • Disinformation campaigns: eg ...","EU","2023-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [727,"American Views 2022: Part 2 - Trust, Media and Democracy","https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/American-Views-2022-Pt-2-Trust-Media-and-Democracy.pdf","Jan 12, 2023 ... spread of misinformation and better inform communities. ... election fairness, equal rights, legal protections and accountability. ... opportunity to vote or enjoy ...","EU","2023-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [728,"A Framework for Federal Scientific Integrity Policy and Practice | The ...","https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/01-2023-Framework-for-Federal-Scientific-Integrity-Policy-and-Practice.pdf","Jan 12, 2023 ... Agencies should consult their General Counsel, Solicitor, or other legal authority as appropriate regarding including specific content for this section. This ...","US","2023-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [729,"Abortion Misinformation on TikTok: Rampant Content, Lax ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.05128","Jan 12, 2023 ... In the United States, misinformation surrounding. “herbal abortions” in viral videos on TikTok has increased dramatically after legal abortion was overturned [ ...","US","2023-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [730,"Factors Indicating Media Dependency and Online Misinformation ...","https://salford-repository.worktribe.com/OutputFile/1562155","Jan 12, 2023 ... regulation to reduce the spread of misinformation. ... In a panel-based study in the U.S., Lazer et al. ... Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social ...","US","2023-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [731,"Combating Misinformation as a Core Function of Public Health","https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/CAT.22.0198","Jan 11, 2023 ... particularly if there were legal ... Confronting Health Misinformation: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on Building a. Healthy Information Environment.","US","2023-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [732,"Manipulating, Lying, and Engineering the Future","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1821&context=iplj","Jan 9, 2023 ... individual legal agreements covering how data will be treated.574. In addition to the direct influence of the EU regulation on U.S. data protection practices ...","EU","2023-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [733,"An Analysis of Editorial Judgements and Fact-checking Journalism ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2169190","Jan 9, 2023 ... EU Institution/regulations/MEP. 5. 8.8%. 0.0%. 8. 6.1 ... Law enforcement agencies ... “Journalistic Responses to Misinformation.” In The Routledge. Companion to ...","EU","2023-01-08T00:00:00"],
    [734,"Political Attitudes and the Processing of Misinformation Corrections","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45174610","Jan 8, 2023 ... Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 407-424. Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Dawson, E. C., & Slovic ...","US","2023-01-08T00:00:00"],
    [735,"Fake News in Metajournalistic Discourse","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2023.2167106","Jan 6, 2023 ... The European Par- liament elections—held concurrently in all European Union (EU) member states in May. 2019—were designated as “Europe's most hackable election” ...","EU","2023-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [736,"Legal loopholes and the risk of foreign interference","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2023/702575/EXPO_IDA(2023)702575_EN.pdf","Jan 5, 2023 ... The EU's own expertise in identifying and tackling disinformation and other forms of foreign interference would also help inform the content of an EU offence.","EU","2023-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [737,"The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.01768","Jan 5, 2023 ... and the legal ... Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality. ... The Netherlands should leave the European Union ( ...","EU","2023-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [738,"Trust in scientific information mediates associations between ...","https://hal.science/hal-03921826/document","Jan 4, 2023 ... misinformation about climate change33,34. By analogy, associations between conservatism and the coronavirus pandemic may emerge most strongly in countries ...","Australia","2023-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [739,"Lies and Bullshit: The Negative Effects of Misinformation Grow ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/acp.4043","Jan 5, 2023 ... Inclusion of a control condition enabled us to determine if similar with a lie discounting cue, a bullshit ... Judgment and Decision Making, 10, 549–563.","US","2023-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [740,"Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really ...","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/702633","Jan 3, 2023 ... Although hinted towards by the EU Commission in its Democracy Action Plan. (2020), media concentration law has not received too much attention so far. This.","EU","2023-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [741,"Effects of factâ•'checking warning labels and social endorsement ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jasp.12959","Jan 3, 2023 ... Hameleers (2022) showed that combining news media literacy interventions and fact checks worked hand‐in‐hand to reduce users' agreement with fake news. In ...","EU","2023-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [742,"The Spiral of Digital Falsehood in Deepfakes","https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/04a43bf9-5d65-4f13-be17-8c5bbab4226a/LEONE%2C%20Massimo%202022%20-%20The%20Spiral%20of%20Digital%20Falsehood%20-%20Editorial%20PDF.pdf","Jan 3, 2023 ... deepfakes might be used as instruments of propaganda, fake news, and cyberwar- fare. For instance, the article “Deepfakes, Misinformation and Disinformation and.","EU","2023-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [743,"The impact of COVID-19 misinformation and trust in institutions on ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/avuovjsca5doth2kwgqch5f3eu/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/cyac038.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAtYwggLSBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggLDMIICvwIBADCCArgGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMtcFFDlGaisxHLbIDAgEQgIICic_coNdRwP_nAnZ1p1i8tTDOalr21VWCz1LAB8gNeF-A1KbWw9UEf4dEGrjphDLktZF6X35f64S22h4usqJhEUciGakChdVQMH9AgywLF9iWyuVJEeHm6STl58p-1V3DXMy4WEhPA-I6avsL_fauANpZuknkEO5m77h8F6cfbWFnVNJF_OshdaQL2PM81IaPa2So1_I8OrHOaM5Gw8kX0aOtdm1Ct6OPWjpH6Qzmp85E1tN_ICxti_YGrhQzWFtyAqL8Q7yT5ed9fhlDC9hM5RX4KAkjJnhtsBZXVIeteIawA7mOuSJvb8rnHc6BxlxsGE3uGhVijdeECL9zeQ8V4OVqucnbkMXq1ELVHPdm3BSJAmxW8aJr94QYDCfqgqalzNGLQXZH_0syWuNwsvamaQsqqgEdfXsKnSaXYwqgCuM0mzV3WJ61Fx0AxfWFnaM66IC3UT85RkdnBFx-MHFhLRjLqHOXrWSnShYj_OzXywfXUIc02g1FdYP2H-qkCyU7u_y2kxp_kuks39nv42ROLuIZbQcHX-a5Ndvay3dwnfSL8VSpnUmLr0knM1IK9ymcHudxiWBgM9HXE0aYkmm-fGPUDCqCRU_lee9zn_57PFyD1RjUBvPKPZlrYH7-zL1rLVnyXYq042DidW0tVedDNKC0bhG4jzs7RrfyCFKTk_KB9XUa7UqUQDTn6eDN7RO2w0xGpSq3bb3zibVlk439JF-ha1pWOU_P3hTL5s64HmhTcbWFE7ZON_t50J0PHsc52GdSWEik6QWyQxEVw9dKBMAghX6MP73zW60DvCTEvcNfJE9OCw2WcXAVsEr8x8oXh0pIl8ll1pzu2s9Hxep0xP6QSaDhs8I_bGE","Jan 2, 2023 ... and 3Department of Broadcasting Regulation Research, Korea Information Society Development Institute, 1, Gwanak-ro, ... Available at: https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/.","Australia","2023-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [744,"STOP FAKE NEWS | SOS Mediterranee","https://en.sosmediterranee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-12_STOP-FAKES-NEWS.pdf","Dec 31, 2022 ... EU Regulation No. 656/2014, art.9 (f). on board, weather and sea conditions1. The boats rescued by SOS MEDITERRANEE, which are made of wood, or a rubber ...","EU","2022-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [745,"Elon Musk slams CISA censorship network as 'propaganda platform ...","http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/committees/ctte_s_fed_st_1/documents/testimony/20230201_08.pdf","Dec 28, 2022 ... which detail how the social media platform coordinated with federal law ... In other words, any US citizen spreading what the government deemed “misinformation or.","US","2022-12-28T00:00:00"],
    [746,"Data sovereignty and platform neutrality – A comparative study on ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20594364231154340","Dec 27, 2022 ... ... disinformation and series of other problems ... Through the regulation of the internet, the EU wants to force US platforms like Google, ... This paper mainly ...","EU","2022-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [747,"DISINFORMATION ON TELEGRAM: RESEARCH AND CONTENT ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/20221220_TD_Telegram.pdf","Dec 24, 2022 ... It is, therefore, unclear what Telegram rules are regarding content moderation of disinformation circulating ... Regulation's scope. ... Overall, at the EU level, ...","EU","2022-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [748,"Using access to information to combat corruption","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/UNCAC-Guide-FInal.pdf","Dec 24, 2022 ... A growing number of countries have adopted legislation aiming to protect whistleblowers. The EU adopted a Whistleblower. Protection Directive, and its member ...","EU","2022-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [749,"The political economy of digital profiteering : communication ...","https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/files/265406223/jqac043.pdf","Dec 24, 2022 ... Abstract. Contemporary communication requires both a supply of content and a digital information infrastructure. Modern campaigns of misinformation.","EU","2022-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [750,"Framing what's breaking: The Geopolitics of News Bulletins of War ...","https://institute.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/2023/Framing%20What%27s%20breaking%20The%20Geopolitics%20of%20News%20Bulletins%20of%20War%20on%20Yeme....pdf?title=Framing%20What's%20breaking%20The%20Geopolitics%20of%20News%20Bulletins%20of%20War%20on%20Yemen","Dec 24, 2022 ... Misinformation and disinformation, and framing ... and write stories within certain media law and ethics. ... Implications for Europe. Istituto Affari ...","EU","2022-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [751,"Assessing government communication – A roundtable","https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/admin-2022-0024","Dec 24, 2022 ... protect us all. This was an extraordinary process ... pressure from ministers who want to fast-track legislation. ... current intense focus on misinformation'. The ...","US","2022-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [752,"Abuse of consumer trust in the digital market and the green market ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JFC-10-2022-0242/full/pdf?title=abuse-of-consumer-trust-in-the-digital-market-and-the-green-market-the-case-of-green-washing-in-the-italian-legal-system","Dec 23, 2022 ... (2017),“Directive 2011/83/EU on consumer rights”, EU Regulation of E-Commerce, Edward. Elgar Publishing, pp. 177-229. Markou, C. (2017),“Directive 2011/83/EU ...","EU","2022-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [753,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Australian-Code-of-Practice-on-Disinformation-and-Misinformation-FINAL-_-December-22-2022.docx.pdf","Dec 22, 2022 ... Misinformation means: A. Digital Content (often legal) that is verifiably false or misleading or deceptive;. B. is propagated by users of digital platforms ...","EU","2022-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [754,"Fake news believability: The effects of political beliefs and espoused ...","https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62156/Download/62156__26131__92e8f37459764714b38fdd28adf6166a.pdf","Dec 22, 2022 ... Results from online questionnaire-based survey data collected from participants in the US and India help confirm that conservative individuals tend to exhibit ...","US","2022-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [755,"Influencers 101: Best Practices and Practical Approaches for Public ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/165158/download","Dec 22, 2022 ... Examples, case studies, and best practices are provided from the U.S. Food and Drug. Administration's (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products' (CTP) experience ...","US","2022-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [756,"Safeguarding media independence and pluralism","https://ccianet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CCIA-position-paper-European-Media-Freedom-Act.pdf","Dec 19, 2022 ... The fight against the spread of disinformation is a key priority for all of them, with the EU ... regulatory, co-regulatory or self-regulatory codes). ... EU law, ...","EU","2022-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [757,"MALIGN FOREIGN INFLUENCE","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-J6-REPORT/pdf/GPO-J6-REPORT-4-4.pdf","Dec 19, 2022 ... Deliberately spreading disinformation to discredit a U.S. election was not new to Russia's influence arsenal. In the judgment of the U.S. Intelli- gence ...","US","2022-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [758,"The Stolen Election Lie and the Freedom of Speech","https://lawpublications.barry.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1231&context=facultyscholarship","Dec 18, 2022 ... See Fernando Nuñez, Note, Disinformation Legislation and Freedom of. Expression, 10 U.C. IRVINE L. REV. 783, 789 (2020). 82. See United States v. Williams ...","US","2022-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [759,"User empowerment against disinformation online","https://rm.coe.int/iris-plus-2022en3-user-empowerment-against-disinformation/1680a963c4","Dec 17, 2022 ... Chapter 2 presents the international and EU legal and policy framework, with special emphasis on the different measures introduced by the European Union to ...","EU","2022-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [760,"Folk Theories of Avoiding Content Moderation: How Vaccine ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051221144252","Dec 17, 2022 ... with legal and regulatory ... misinformation-embedded communities whose presence contradicts the rules of the platform. ... LGBTIQA+ community and the role of the ...","EU","2022-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [761,"DISINFORMATION","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/FP_20221216_democracy_asia_disinformation.pdf","Dec 16, 2022 ... fake news law in Japan. Such laws have been enacted around the world in recent years. (largely in response to disinformation on COVID-. 19), but the Japanese ...","Australia","2022-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [762,"Monitoring Disinformation and Influence Campaigns in the 2022 ...","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Monitoring-Disinformation-and-Influence-Campaigns-in-the-2022-French-Elections_Lessons-Learnt.pdf","Dec 15, 2022 ... Services Act (DSA) brought digital regulation to the ... misinformation, disinformation and polarising ... geographical contexts, including Germany and Australia.","Australia","2022-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [763,"Misinformation of Mental Health on Social Media and How it Affects ...","https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=honors","Dec 15, 2022 ... misinformation they see, willingly or unwillingly. The Pew Research Center (2016) found that “16% of U.S. adults say they have shared fake political news ...","US","2022-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [764,"Would you notice if fake news changed your behavior? An ...","https://hal.science/hal-03493920/document","Dec 15, 2022 ... In 2019, the Mueller Report explicitly cited Facebook and Twitter as having been used by Russian agents to spread disinformation to interfere with the US ...","US","2022-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [765,"Misinformation in media during COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Socio ...","https://fass.ubd.edu.bn/SEA/vol22-2/Misinformation%20in%20Media.pdf","Dec 15, 2022 ... (US $3,533) (The Digital Security Act 2018), but ... public, to distort the flow of misinformation with the application of effective legal ... Self-Awareness: ...","US","2022-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [766,"The fight against the manipulation of information on online platforms","https://www.arcom.fr/sites/default/files/2022-12/Manipulation%20of%20information%20-%20Implementation%20review%202018-2022.pdf","Dec 14, 2022 ... ... up an effective framework for the regulation of online platforms. 12 https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-disinformation.","EU","2022-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [767,"Polarization and trust in the evolution of vaccine discourse on Twitter ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0277292&type=printable","Dec 14, 2022 ... 1 School of Philosophy, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2 Department of ... misinformation in the early stages of the pandemic in ...","Australia","2022-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [768,"Science Denial","https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/pdf/10.1027/1016-9040/a000487","Dec 13, 2022 ... 2Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Australia. 3School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Sweden. 4Department ...","Australia","2022-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [769,"A Comparative Evaluation of Interventions Against Misinformation ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.06696","Dec 13, 2022 ... Developing and evaluating the interactive checklist allows us to assess where and how technology can help people recognize misinformation. We find that the ...","US","2022-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [770,"A Systematic Literature Review on Fake News in the COVID-19 ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/applsci/applsci-12-12727/article_deploy/applsci-12-12727.pdf?version=1670839337","Dec 12, 2022 ... Anti-vaccine protests have been common in nations such as the United States and parts of Europe and. Australia. Furthermore, protests against lockdowns and ...","Australia","2022-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [771,"Logical Fallacy Detection","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.13758","Dec 12, 2022 ... ing misinformation about climate change. In this ... is what the law says, and the law is the law. ... US. There are two male annotators and two female annotators ...","US","2022-12-11T00:00:00"],
    [772,"www.ssoar.info Ireland's Online Safety and Media Regulation Act 2022","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/83520/ssoar-2022-oneill-Irelands_Online_Safety_and_Media.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2022-oneill-Irelands_Online_Safety_and_Media.pdf","Dec 10, 2022 ... broadcasting legislation – transposing the EU ... It was further recommended that disinformation be ... The Online Safety and Media Regulation Act is a highly ...","EU","2022-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [773,"Preventing profiling for ethical fake news detection","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/722057","Dec 10, 2022 ... E-mail address: liesbeth.allein@kuleuven.be (L. Allein). 1 See https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex ...","EU","2022-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [774,"Writing regime change: a research agenda","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/soci-2022-0006/pdf","Dec 10, 2022 ... An important feature of print culture is the regulation ... the spread of misinformation and the use of ... between terms in different languages threaten legal ...","EU","2022-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [775,"On the Corruption of Communication: A Theory of Deception","https://repository.bakrie.ac.id/6997/1/On%20the%20corruption%20of%20communication.pdf","Dec 10, 2022 ... This act often happens in disinformation, a form of message corruption. Disinformation can be regarded as incorrect information that is intentionally ...","EU","2022-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [776,"Modelling Persuasion through Misuse of Rhetorical Appeals","https://pure.itu.dk/files/90392646/wokrshop_social_impact.pdf","Dec 10, 2022 ... This helps under- stand debate, and detect persuasive narratives in regard to e.g. misinformation. While com- putational modelling of some aspects of per-.","EU","2022-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [777,"Steering Committee on Media and Information Society - CDMSI ...","https://rm.coe.int/cdmsi-2022-oj2-22nd-plenary-meeting-7-9-december-2022-long-report/1680aa543a","Dec 9, 2022 ... reports are a source of inspiration for the Regulation and could also help in addressing shortcomings in the future implementation of the Regulation by EU ...","EU","2022-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [778,"Investigation of Fossil Fuel Industry Disinformation","https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2022-12-09.COR_Supplemental_Memo-Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Disinformation.pdf","Dec 9, 2022 ... www.offshore-technology.com/marketdata/barrow-island-conventional-oil-field-australia/). ... methane regulation to advance BP's self interest in continuing to ...","Australia","2022-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [779,"Service Dog Fraud Impact White Paper","https://canine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/White-Paper-Service-Dog-Fraud-Impact_ADA-1.pdf","Dec 9, 2022 ... While task-trained service dogs have legal access to places of public accommodation under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, in practice, ...","Australia","2022-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [780,"Communication Technology and the Suspension of Disbelief","https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=cpo","Dec 9, 2022 ... misinformation and disinformation, the boundaries between reality and unreality, fact and fiction, have seemed increasingly blurry. The notion of fake news ...","US","2022-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [781,"Critical Media and Information Literacy to Combat Misinformation ...","https://www.amity.edu/gwalior/jccc/pdf/dec-2022-15.pdf","Dec 8, 2022 ... fight fake news and misinformation ... Australia and Singapore alone conducted (N=2 ... This regulation not necessarily focus on removing disinformation from ...","Australia","2022-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [782,"Bias in algorithms – Artificial intelligence and discrimination","https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2022-bias-in-algorithms_en.pdf","Dec 7, 2022 ... This balancing act between innovation and fundamental rights is also at the heart of EU policy efforts to regulate AI and related technologies. FRA has pointed ...","EU","2022-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [783,"Australian Communications and Media Authority Statement of ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma-statement-of-expectations-2022.pdf","Dec 7, 2022 ... Where the ACMA is satisfied existing policy or regulation may present a barrier to better outcomes, I expect it to draw this to the attention of the Government.","Australia","2022-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [784,"Sex, Money, and Free Speech: The Many Harms of FOSTA/SESTA","https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4275&context=cmc_theses","Dec 5, 2022 ... As for the issue of the Internet, three provisions of federal law are most relevant: ... curtail misinformation, or for any other purpose. ... Most Americans don't ...","US","2022-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [785,"Stopping Healthcare Misinformation: The Effect of Financial ...","https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/308247/1/Content.pdf?accept=1","Dec 2, 2022 ... Fake news and misinformation have become a major social issue. ... toward proposed legislation regarding online misinformation. ... Available: https://eu- rope.","EU","2022-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [786,"The Lublin Triangle Joint Report on Countering Disinformation","https://mfa.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/Docs/the-lublin-triangle-joint-report-on-countering-disinformation.pdf","Dec 2, 2022 ... Even though the EU's Digital Markets Act. Page 9. 9 is compulsory for EU member states, it is a valuable document outlining powerful tools for combating dis-.","EU","2022-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [787,"Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bsl.2605","Dec 2, 2022 ... Examining parental alienation in child custody cases: A survey of mental health and legal professionals. American Journal of Family Therapy, 37(2), 127–145.","US","2022-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [788,"Fake news reminders and veracity labels differentially benefit ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/205650/1/s41598-022-25649-6.pdf","Dec 2, 2022 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of ...","US","2022-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [789,"LIABILITY FOR PUBLIC DECEPTION: LINKING FOSSIL FUEL ...","https://www.eli.org/sites/default/files/files-pdf/52.10995.pdf","Dec 1, 2022 ... 3 American Law of Torts §11:2 (Stuart Speiser et al. ... how misinformation and disinformation affect consum- ers ... fuel disinformation campaigns on U.S. policy.","US","2022-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [790,"Liability for Public Deception: Linking Fossil Fuel Disinformation to ...","https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1196&context=sabin_climate_change","Dec 1, 2022 ... 56. 3 American Law of Torts §11:2 (Stuart Speiser et al. eds., 2022). 57. Bockrath v. Aldrich Chem ...","US","2022-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [791,"Evidence-Based Misinformation Interventions: Challenges and ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/202212-Wanless_et_al_Misinfo_Interventions2.pdf","Dec 1, 2022 ... Bennet, “Bennet Introduces Landmark Legislation to Establish Federal Commission to Oversee Digital. Platforms,” press release, May 12, 2022, https://www ...","US","2022-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [792,"How to deal with alternative media that fosters polarisation on the ...","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-04/ran%20paper_small-scale_role_alternative_media_that_fosters_polarisation_local_level_30112022_en.pdf","Nov 30, 2022 ... ec.europa.eu/ran ... The protests are not really disruptive and they are within legal boundaries and freedom of speech rights. ... (2) Disinformation and ...","EU","2022-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [793,"Foreign information manipulation and interference defence ...","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/20221129_Hybrid_CoE_Research_Report_7_Disarm_WEB.pdf","Nov 29, 2022 ... 1 European Commission, 'Tackling online disinformation: a European Approach. COM(2018) 236 final', Brussels,. 2018, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ...","EU","2022-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [794,"The impact of COVID-19 misinformation and trust in institutions on ...","https://academic.oup.com/her/article-pdf/38/1/28/50960130/cyac035.pdf","Nov 28, 2022 ... Asia and 5% in Australia. The number of study ... biogenesis [109] and regulation of epigenetic pro- cesses [110, 111]. ... Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan ...","Australia","2022-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [795,"Perceived prevalence of misinformation fuels worries about COVID ...","https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstream/handle/10230/56827/Cardenal_Inf_Perc.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 29, 2022 ... Liu (Eds.), Disinformation, misinformation, and fake news in social media. (pp. ... US midterm elec- tions. New Media & Society, 1–21 ... Judgment under uncertainty ...","US","2022-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [796,"Mozilla website pushes serious eIDAS misinformation to political ...","https://www.european-signature-dialog.eu/ESD_answer_to_Mozilla_misinformation_campaign.pdf","Nov 25, 2022 ... “A new EU law would make website security weaker by imposing QWACs and expose users to more cyber risks. eIDAS article 45.2 will force browsers to accept. QWACs ...","EU","2022-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [797,"The 'geopolitical' European Commission and its pitfalls Policy Brief","https://www.delorscentre.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Policy_Brief_Nicole_Koenig_geopolitical_commission.pdf","Nov 24, 2022 ... The. Commission has, for instance, the competence to act on behalf of the EU in the field of trade, but defence and military matters remain national ...","EU","2022-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [798,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Australian-code-of-practice-on-disinformation-and-misinformation-b455102218de9e9b6b144ac9e93bcba7.pdf","Nov 24, 2022 ... Broadening our focus beyond the Code, we recognise there is more work to be done to ensure that. Australian legislation and public regulatory bodies function ...","Australia","2022-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [799,"Reactions to Fact Checking","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555128","Nov 24, 2022 ... The study of misinformation and disinformation ... us, fact checkers \"produce the misinformation\" (SFB02). ... fake news? A sociotechnical model of media effects.","US","2022-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [800,"Countering Antivax Misinformation via Social Media: Message ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/11/e37559/PDF","Nov 24, 2022 ... ... misinformation about HPV or HPV vaccine). Themes were ... GA, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human ... methods to inform the ontology of self-regulation.","US","2022-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [801,"Law in the Service of Misinformation: How Anti-Vaccine Groups Use ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1234&context=njlsp","Nov 23, 2022 ... ... Australia that covered over five. Page 15. NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY. [2022. 64. 2016 and received more attention than it otherwise may have ...","Australia","2022-11-23T00:00:00"],
    [802,"The changing face of Russia's information war against Ukraine and ...","https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-156264-89154?filename=The%20changing%20face%20of.pdf","Nov 22, 2022 ... Domalewska: You have carried out extensive research on misinformation and disinfor- mation that has helped us understand how fake news is distributed and what ...","US","2022-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [803,"Understanding and neutralising covid-19 misinformation and ...","https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/379/bmj-2022-070331.full.pdf","Nov 22, 2022 ... 16 The Center for Countering Digital Hate, a non-profit organisation based in the UK and the US, analysed over 812 000 posts from Facebook and Twitter in the ...","US","2022-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [804,"POLICY BRIEF","https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/75041/QM-AX-22-055-EN-N.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 21, 2022 ... 7 European Union, “Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for the. Screening of Foreign Direct Investments into the ...","EU","2022-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [805,"Health Literacy, Misinformation, Self-Perceived Risk and Fear, and ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cdae/fde0209153945e9bb8370f2ba0a7e0444f58.pdf","Nov 21, 2022 ... In the Social and Legal Sciences and Arts and Humanities, more emphasis should be placed on health education. Although there was no significant association ...","Australia","2022-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [806,"The Battlefront of Combating Misinformation and Coping with Media ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.aacl-tutorials.5.pdf","Nov 21, 2022 ... In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for. Computational Linguistics: Human Language Tech- nologies, NAACL-HLT ...","US","2022-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [807,"The Negative Effects of Fake News on American Society","https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/252618/Isa%20Guillen%20-%20The%20Negative%20Effects%20of%20Fake%20News%20on%20American%20Society%20-%20WWS%20HM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 20, 2022 ... This fundamental system in the. United States is based on the ability of its citizens to trust each other's judgment enough to make decisions that affect all ...","US","2022-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [808,"Combatting Visual Fake News with a Professional Fact-Checking ...","https://hal.science/hal-03861130/document","Nov 19, 2022 ... International organizations, like UNESCO and the European Union, underscore the im- portance of education to promote so-called media and information literacy as ...","EU","2022-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [809,"CrowdChecked: Detecting Previously Fact-Checked Claims in ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.aacl-main.22.pdf","Nov 20, 2022 ... The massive spread of disinformation online, es- pecially in social media, was counter-acted by ma- jor efforts to limit the impact of false information not ...","EU","2022-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [810,"Towards dissemination, detection and combating misinformation on ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBIM-02-2022-0066/full/pdf?title=towards-dissemination-detection-and-combating-misinformation-on-social-media-a-literature-review","Nov 19, 2022 ... knowledge, judgment and experience to filter the articles required for the review (Paul and Criado, 2020). Relevant literature was extracted using the advanced ...","US","2022-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [811,"Online Illusions of Understanding","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02691728.2022.2151331","Nov 20, 2022 ... Alternatively, prominent misinformation can lead us to prolong inquiry when it ought to stop. ... 2007. ”Regulation of Natural Monopoly.” In Handbook of Law and ...","US","2022-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [812,"The political economy of digital profiteering: communication ...","https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-pdf/73/2/126/49678230/jqac043.pdf","Nov 18, 2022 ... Abstract. Contemporary communication requires both a supply of content and a digital information infrastructure. Modern campaigns of misinformation.","EU","2022-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [813,"Public Memory Generates Disinformation on 9/11 in Public Schools","https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/DeCuir_JAF13.pdf","Nov 16, 2022 ... Our belief in religious freedom, political freedom, economic freedom—that's what makes an American. Our belief in democracy, the rule of law, and respect for ...","US","2022-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [814,"Perceived Versus Actual Ability to Identify Fake News: Evidence ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/20796/4275","Nov 16, 2022 ... False beliefs about one's ability to detect fake news can lead to behaviors such as supporting fake news regulation (Baek et al., 2019) and government and media ...","US","2022-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [815,"Sanction law against Russian and Belarusian audiovisual media","https://rm.coe.int/iris-extra-2022-sanction-law-against-russian-and-belarusian-audiovisua/1680a8ff9f","Nov 15, 2022 ... https://warsawinstitute.org/russian-disinformation-latvia/. 107 “Estonian, Latvian security services raid suspected EU sanctions evaders”, Estonian Public ...","EU","2022-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [816,"WRITTEN EVIDENCE SUBMITTED BY Trustworthy Autonomous ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/113848/pdf/","Nov 15, 2022 ... Australia has taken a principles-based, low-regulatory approach to artificial intelligence, but a lack of laws on AI has led to widespread mistrust of its use ...","Australia","2022-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [817,"Disinformation against UN Peacekeeping Operations","https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2212_Disinformation-against-UN-Peacekeeping-Ops.pdf","Nov 15, 2022 ... This attention, however, has focused dispropor- tionately on the US and Europe. As a result, conceptual understandings of misinformation and disinformation have ...","US","2022-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [818,"Countering Personalized Speech","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1361&context=njtip","Nov 15, 2022 ... Misinformation. Spread. Online,. NPR. (June. 22,. 2020), https://www.npr.org/2020/06/22/881826881/facebook-groups-are-destroying-america-researcher-on-.","US","2022-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [819,"461 The E ects of AI-based Credibility Indicators on the Detection ...","https://mingyin.org/paper/CSCW-22/misinformation.pdf","Nov 14, 2022 ... Machine learning. Additional Key Words and Phrases: misinformation, fake news ... by an image), and it also enables us to compare the sizes of AI-based ...","US","2022-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [820,"Understanding the Social Mechanism of Cancer Misinformation ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/11/e39571/PDF","Nov 14, 2022 ... 16 of the Enforcement Rule of Bioethics and Safety Act of. South Korea and Article 13 of its Enforcement Decree. The legislation specifies that publicly ...","Australia","2022-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [821,"Accelerated Article Preview - Discriminatory Attitudes Against the ...","https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05607-y_reference.pdf","Nov 14, 2022 ... Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers ... Understanding and reducing ...","Australia","2022-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [822,"The Effects of AI-based Credibility Indicators on the Detection and ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555562","Nov 14, 2022 ... Selective exposure to misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 US presidential campaign. European Research Council 9, 3 ...","US","2022-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [823,"Exploring content-based and meta-data analysis for detecting fake ...","https://shura.shu.ac.uk/29955/2/ICPRS2022_Seun-paper.pdf","Nov 12, 2022 ... However, as the virus was spreading, infecting people and claiming thousands of lives so was the spread and propagation of fake news, misinformation and dis-.","US","2022-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [824,"Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in ...","https://www.internetsegura.pt/sites/default/files/2022-11/ethical-guidelines-on-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-nc0722649enn.pdf","Nov 11, 2022 ... and recognising disinformation. • computing ... EU regulation including GDPR. ... Knows that AI systems are subject to national and EU regulation (notably AI Act to ...","EU","2022-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [825,"On how to characterize and confront misinformation in a risk context","https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/3058340/On%20how%20to%20characterize%20and%20confront%20misinformation%20in%20a%20risk%20context.pdf?sequence=5","Nov 11, 2022 ... As discussed above, it is a judgment call about what is a too strong amplification as the risk perception could reflect also conscious judgments of risk not ...","US","2022-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [826,"A new digital literacy framework to mitigate misinformation in social ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/GKMC-06-2022-0142/full/pdf?title=a-new-digital-literacy-framework-to-mitigate-misinformation-in-social-media-infodemic","Nov 11, 2022 ... Examples include carrying out several strategies, such as a new Anti-Fake-News law, a fact-checking website called Sebenarnya. ... us to analyse the reason behind ...","US","2022-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [827,"Combating Health Misinformation in Social Media: Characterization ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.05289","Nov 10, 2022 ... Propagation structure Health misinformation is transmitted at both a high level that follows certain topics (COVID-19 vaccine is against Islamic law [139]) and ...","Australia","2022-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [828,"United States public health officials need to correct e‐cigarette ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/add.16097","Nov 9, 2022 ... This misinformation often supports advocacy for aggressive e- cigarette regulation that many studies have shown leads to increases in combustible tobacco ...","US","2022-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [829,"Overconfident, resentful, and misinformed: How racial animus ...","https://scholarship.depauw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=politicalscience_facpubs","Nov 9, 2022 ... American Politics Research, 47(3), 628-649. Kahan, D. M. (2017). Misinformation and identity-protective cognition. Yale Law & Economics. Research Paper, (587) ...","US","2022-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [830,"Dynamics of (mis) information flow and engaging power of narratives","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.12264","Nov 8, 2022 ... Chanley, Political Psychology 23, 469 (2002). [69] T. de Jongh, B. Rofagha, L. Petrosova, Countering online vaccine misinformation in the. EU/EEA, ...","EU","2022-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [831,"Monopolizing Digital Commerce","https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3994&context=wmlr","Nov 8, 2022 ... For some of the ambiguity at the time the Sherman Act was passed, see the discussion of the Act's legislative history in Edward ... pedaling misinformation. On ...","EU","2022-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [832,"'Fraud on the Market' and the Economics of Securities Litigation ...","https://www.analysisgroup.com/link/928312ea63dd462cb5d52ace09010559.aspx","Nov 8, 2022 ... Different legal jurisdictions throughout the world have developed different systems for dealing with investor claims resulting from financial misstatements, but ...","EU","2022-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [833,"Russian Meddling in U.S. Elections: How News of Disinformation's ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15205436.2022.2119871","Nov 7, 2022 ... Oxford University Press. Jang, S. M., & Kim, J. K. (2018). Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy interventions.","US","2022-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [834,"Russian Meddling in U.S. Elections: How News of Disinformation's ...","https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/382299883/RossEtalMCS2022RussianMeddlingInU.S.Elections.pdf","Nov 7, 2022 ... abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ... of R-IRA disinformation on U.S. citizens in general. ... misinformation on others reduces our own ...","US","2022-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [835,"Narrative inoculation against conjunction errors indirectly reduces ...","https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/7937d9da-db24-4e72-871a-d4ed194bed34/download","Nov 7, 2022 ... Next, the conjunction fallacy scale was pre- sented, before the GCBS and misinformation susceptibility test in ran- domised order. ... EU Are Largely Pos- itive, ...","EU","2022-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [836,"When good messages go wrong: Perspectives on COVID-19 ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645515.2022.2145822","Nov 6, 2022 ... Australia for refusing to get the COVID-19 vaccine to partici- pate in a tournament, tennis player Novak Djokovic said in an interview “I was never against ...","Australia","2022-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [837,"New media technologies, fake news, and disinformation: challenges ...","https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115282/1/MPRA_paper_115282.pdf","Nov 5, 2022 ... Due to the lack of judgment and critical thinking on the part of these individuals, they are carrying out these actions with a bare minimum of judgment and ...","Australia","2022-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [838,"Evaluation of Conspiracy Beliefs, Vaccine Hesitancy, and ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1735034/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 4, 2022 ... A national survey in Australia indicated a strong agreement between misinformation beliefs and participants of a young age, male gender, and lower education ...","Australia","2022-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [839,"COMMENT: SB 145: Defending and Applying Discretion to ...","https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2262&context=ggulrev","Nov 4, 2022 ... 14 However, misinformation prima- rily fueled ... Easy Answers: Sex Offender Laws in the US, 19 ... Golden Gate University Law Review, Vol. 52, Iss. 2 [2022] ...","US","2022-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [840,"Tobacco promotion restriction policies on social media","https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/early/2022/11/03/tc-2022-057348.full.pdf","Nov 3, 2022 ... However, definitions of tobacco products varied across platforms; for example, Tumblr allowed paid advertising of e- cigarettes when 'legal in the target market ...","Australia","2022-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [841,"The society-wide battle against disinformation in Moldova","https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-11/fh-pb_18-Society-wide-Battle-Against-Disinformation_Eng-v5.pdf","Nov 2, 2022 ... Both. Lavrov and pro-Kremlin media disseminate the myth that. Russophobia is widespread. In actuality, the law seeks to combat disinformation, regardless of the ...","EU","2022-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [842,"The fight against the manipulation of information on online platforms","https://www.arcom.fr/sites/default/files/2022-11/Manipulation%20of%20information%20-%20Summary%202022.pdf","Nov 2, 2022 ... As Arcom pointed out at the launch of its public consultation on access to platform data, it is essential that the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) framework for ...","EU","2022-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [843,"Deceptive Marketing Practices Flourish in Medicare Advantage","https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Deceptive%20Marketing%20Practices%20Flourish%20in%20Medicare%20Advantage.pdf","Nov 2, 2022 ... Federal law does not require states to collect MA complaints and each state retains ... may have received misinformation and could be eligible for a SEP.","US","2022-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [844,"Copy of Misinformation Whitepaper 2022 Final - FORMATTED.docx","https://www.newsguardtech.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Misinformation-Whitepaper-2022_FINAL.pdf","Nov 1, 2022 ... psychologist at the University of Western Australia, explain how, because ... This research, which was done by a team at Indiana University who have done.","Australia","2022-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [845,"Australian Communications and Media Authority; Office of the ...","https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-10/ACMA%20and%20eSafety%20annual%20report%202021-22.pdf","Oct 31, 2022 ... Australians are concerned about misinformation and have experienced misinformation ... not-for-profit boards, including Headspace and Arts Law Centre Australia.","Australia","2022-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [846,"Briefing Paper: Cybersecurity of Election Results Management ...","https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023-05/Briefing_paper_2_Election_Results_Management.pdf","Oct 28, 2022 ... Lessons Learned From The EU ... Issues, such as misinformation and disinformation, are not covered ... These measures require considerable knowledge of legal ...","EU","2022-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [847,"Public survey on disinformation","https://english.nctv.nl/binaries/nctv-en/documenten/publications/2022/10/28/public-survey-on-disinformation/221207+NCTV+Desinformatie+A4+EN.pdf","Oct 28, 2022 ... This enables us here at the NCTV to further refine our approach. ... those spreading the misinformation ... The then Minister of Justice and Security, Ferd.","US","2022-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [848,"Misinformation in Experimental Political Science","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3A7A0F8F48C863C57C4AED4D54424E28/S1537592722003115a.pdf/misinformation_in_experimental_political_science.pdf","Oct 28, 2022 ... Misinformation moves us away from answering questions about the political world effectively. ... law but also can undermine their understanding of what ... u-s-elec.","US","2022-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [849,"Misinformation about medication during the COVID– 19 pandemic: A ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0276693&type=printable","Oct 27, 2022 ... and processing in the new EU General Data Protection Regulation (2018). Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018; 59(2):631–636. PMID: 30173275. PLOS ONE. Misinformation ...","EU","2022-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [850,"Deepfakes: Deceptions, mitigations, and opportunities","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0148296322008335","Oct 26, 2022 ... According to the first report by Europol (the. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation) on deep-.","EU","2022-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [851,"The geometry of misinformation: embedding Twitter networks of ...","https://hal.science/hal-03725556/document","Oct 26, 2022 ... In particular in European settings, it is known that more opinion dimensions (e.g., attitudes to- wards the EU, immigration, or trade openness) are needed to ...","EU","2022-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [852,"Evaluating the generalisability of neural rumour verification models","https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/171888/1/WRAP-evaluating-generalisability-neural-rumour-verification-models-2022.pdf","Oct 26, 2022 ... candidate at the University of California, Irvine, and fellow of the Irvine Initiative in AI, Law, and Society. ... misinformation, inequality, biases and other ...","Australia","2022-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [853,"Hate speech and fake news: the impact on working conditions of ...","https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a8340b","Oct 25, 2022 ... sanctions or a fear of prosecution under overbroad laws. Laws regulating fake news have appeared in. Council of Europe member States such as France15 and ...","EU","2022-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [854,"On how to characterize and confront misinformation in a risk context","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13669877.2022.2142950","Oct 24, 2022 ... As discussed above, it is a judgment call about what is a too strong amplification as the risk perception could reflect also conscious judgments of risk not ...","US","2022-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [855,"Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.13865","Oct 25, 2022 ... legislation documents (for claim 2, Table 1). ... Us- ing MULTIFC we find that most evidence is in ... misinformation category such as “misleading” as.","US","2022-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [856,"Disputable Content and Democracy: Freedom of Expression in the ...","https://jsis.washington.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/23_TF-JSIS_495D_Beyer_Final.pdf","Oct 23, 2022 ... Germany's NetzDG law regulates hate speech online in a parallel manner to content regarding disinformation and misinformation, whereas the EU has implemented ...","EU","2022-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [857,"Misinformation in the media: global coverage of GMOs 2019-2021","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645698.2022.2140568","Oct 22, 2022 ... If misinformation is allowed to proliferate, result- ing policy measures like GMO bans and other restrictive laws will undermine efforts to advance agricultural ...","Australia","2022-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [858,"Submission - Gendered Disinformation.docx","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/gender-justice/subm-a78288-gendered-disinformation-cso-gate.pdf","Oct 19, 2022 ... Effectiveness of Measures: The effectiveness of the EU's Digital Services Act is yet to be seen after it comes into full effect. However, as social media ...","EU","2022-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [859,"Antitrust as an Instrument of Democracy","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=dlj_online","Oct 19, 2022 ... Trump over the spread of disinformation regarding the 2020 election. ... scrutiny of state or local regulations that stifle competition. ... between U.S. and EU law ...","EU","2022-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [860,"Press Kit for Press Seminar on “Safeguarding Media Freedom: the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20221012RES42909/20221012RES42909.pdf","Oct 19, 2022 ... European Media Freedom Act. In November 2021, Parliament adopted a resolution on strengthening media freedom and pluralism in the EU and called for new ...","EU","2022-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [861,"Special Report: Trust in Technology","https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2022-10/2022%20Trust%20Barometer%20Special%20Report_Trust%20in%20Technology%20Final_10-19.pdf","Oct 19, 2022 ... Australia. Canada. France. Ireland. Italy. Japan. S. ... FEARS OF MISINFORMATION AND DEEPFAKES. CONTINUE TO RISE OVER LAST 18 MONTHS ... other legal authorities.","Australia","2022-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [862,"Auditing YouTube's Recommendation Algorithm for Misinformation ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.10085","Oct 18, 2022 ... These are usually reactions to public outcry or are required by legislation, e.g.,. EU's Code of Practice on Disinformation [17]. Currently, the effectiveness ...","EU","2022-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [863,"MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION","https://oecd-opsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/MisDis-Report-V2_18oct_FINAL.pdf","Oct 18, 2022 ... The OECD is grateful to all public officials from Australia, ... information ecosystems – which here, refers to all relevant regulation, actors, digital.","Australia","2022-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [864,"The Metaverse: the Ultimate Tool of Persuasion","https://responsiblemetaverse.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/The-Ultimate-Tool-of-Persuasion-FTC-Rosenberg-with-letter.pdf","Oct 18, 2022 ... potential to act upon you more than you act ... outright misinformation or disinformation. In ... Regulation of the Metaverse: A Roadmap: The risks and regulatory ...","Australia","2022-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [865,"Improving Fake News Detection of Influential Domain via Domain ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.250.pdf","Oct 17, 2022 ... In Proceed- ings of the 30th ACM International Conference on. Information & Knowledge Management, pages 1640–. 1650, Virtual Event, Queensland, Australia.","Australia","2022-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [866,"Perceived prevalence of misinformation fuels worries about COVID ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2146983","Oct 16, 2022 ... independent high-level group (HLEG) on fake news and online disinformation. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=50271. Hong, Y ...","EU","2022-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [867,"Explaining decisions made with AI | ICO","https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/key-dp-themes/explaining-decisions-made-with-artificial-intelligence-1-0.pdf","Oct 17, 2022 ... have an adverse legal effect or significantly affect the data subject and which are carried out for law ... discrimination or misinformation, and how you will ...","US","2022-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [868,"report - Resilience Against Disinformation","https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2022/10/ICDS_Report_Resilience_Against_Disinformation_Teperik_et_al_October_2022.pdf","Oct 15, 2022 ... Council Regulation (EU) 2019/796 of. 17 May 2019 concerning restrictive measures against cyber-attacks threatening the Union or its Member. States served as an ...","EU","2022-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [869,"Guidelines for the Development of Media Information Literacy Policy ...","https://rm.coe.int/23-11-2022-paolo-celot-guidelines-for-development-of-media-literacy-po/1680a9306a","Oct 15, 2022 ... around the EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020 – 2024, the preparation of the new Digital Services Act, the European. Democracy Action Plan and ...","EU","2022-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [870,"An Analysis of Disinformation and Bot Accounts Under the Hashtag ...","https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2427750","Oct 15, 2022 ... The discourse of fake news overlaps with two notions: disinformation and misinformation ... Australia (Peel, 2013), South Korea (Sang-Hun ... Law, A. (2017). Post- ...","Australia","2022-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [871,"The Trust Gap: How and Why News on Digital Platforms Is Viewed ...","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2022-09/MontAlverne_et_al_The_Trust_Gap.pdf","Oct 15, 2022 ... That. 63% in the UK and the US said they think misinformation is a big problem on Facebook may refle t the salience of that platform in debates concerning the ...","US","2022-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [872,"Forseeable Harm Standard. DOJ OIP Misinformation + Navy ...","https://www.archives.gov/files/ogis/documents/foreseeable-harm-standard.-doj-oip-misinformation-navy-misconduct-and-idiocy-v2.pdf","Oct 14, 2022 ... made or received by a Federal agency under Federal law or in connection with the transaction of public business and preserved or appropriate for ...","US","2022-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [873,"Regulación de las \"fake news\" en el derecho comparado","https://www.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/33615/2/BCN_Regulacion_de_las_fake_news_2022.pdf","Oct 13, 2022 ... A cambio, propone adoptar una definición de los conceptos \"información errónea\". (misinformation) y \"desinformación\" (disinformation). ... eu/legal- · content/en/ ...","EU","2022-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [874,"ETHICS UPDATE","https://admin.ks.gov/media/cms/Ethics_Update_CLE_10_d6469558b2941.pdf","Oct 14, 2022 ... judicial system is attributable in part to disinformation. ... State preclusion laws, not federal preclusion laws, are determinative when federal court elects not ...","US","2022-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [875,"GENDER-BASED DISINFORMATION 101: THEORY, EXAMPLES ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20221012_TechnicalDocumentGBD-2.pdf","Oct 12, 2022 ... Regulation with a gendered lens. 5. Page 4. 3. This Technical Document is the result of a collaboration between EU DisinfoLab and #ShePersisted. It offers a ...","EU","2022-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [876,"Disinformation as a context-bound phenomenon: toward a ...","https://academic.oup.com/ct/article-pdf/33/1/1/48958529/qtac021.pdf","Oct 12, 2022 ... In addition, mapping the intentions of malign actors and their targeted disinformation campaigns can offer a starting point for legal and policy interventions ...","EU","2022-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [877,"Threat Scenarios and Best Practices to Detect Neural Fake News","https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.106.pdf","Oct 12, 2022 ... A contribution of our analysis is a study of the scaling laws of generator capacity and detection performance. We can perform such a study thanks to the ...","Australia","2022-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [878,"The Public's Response to Democratic Backsliding","https://www.sas.rochester.edu/democracycenter/assets/pdf/clayton_backsliding.pdf","Oct 12, 2022 ... rights as justification for the passage of the law: “The bill Governor DeSantis signed today ... gaps (Bisgaard and Slothuus 2018), acceptance of misinformation ...","Australia","2022-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [879,"Demystifying Neural Fake News via Linguistic Feature-Based ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.573.pdf","Oct 12, 2022 ... In Proceed- ings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for. Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 231–240, Melbourne, Australia.","Australia","2022-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [880,"PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBILITY","https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/content/dam/kporg/final/documents/community-providers/co/ever/principlesofresponsibility-en.pdf","Oct 11, 2022 ... • Child/step child/legal ... Laws require us to record and report these ... Physicians and employees who are found guilty of providing misinformation could face ...","US","2022-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [881,"Who Believes in Fake News? Identification of Political (A)Symmetries","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/affc/84bcab743ed09a758adc618c9947246346d6.pdf","Oct 9, 2022 ... 2013; Nyhan and Reifler 2010). There seems to be a bias in the judgment of information and in the interpretation of real events. Pre-existing beliefs always.","EU","2022-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [882,"Improving Fake News Detection of Influential Domain via Domain ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.08902","Oct 9, 2022 ... For example, “A politician claimed COVID-19 is less lethal than flu” and “New York Officials welcome immigrants, legal or illegal” are two different news.","Australia","2022-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [883,"FakeNewsLab: Experimental Study on Biases and Pitfalls ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.11729","Oct 8, 2022 ... Keywords Fake news; Misinformation; Disinformation; Cognitive biases; Social media; Social influence ... 17 Astonishing: parliament passes the law ... https://ec.","EU","2022-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [884,"Policy Brief - The Online Safety Bill","https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Policy-Brief-Online-Safety-Bill.pdf","Oct 7, 2022 ... 27 The EU's new Digital Services Act will give such rights to its residents, so the tech majors will have to build the machinery. It would be an ...","EU","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [885,"SILENCING VOICES, SUPPRESSING CRITICISM","https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/ASA2160132022ENGLISH.pdf","Oct 7, 2022 ... ... misinformation” regarding Covid-19. Alongside ... Australia. To protect the ... Law, Land Law, Natural Resources Law, and the Correctional. Procedures Law.","Australia","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [886,"Global statements to produce and implement evidence in the post ...","https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10926-022-10071-6.pdf","Oct 7, 2022 ... and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ... to prevent or disarm misinformation and disinformation ... permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds ...","Australia","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [887,"COVID-19 Misinformation: A Potent Co-Factor in the COVID-19 ...","https://www.cureus.com/articles/118305-covid-19-misinformation-a-potent-co-factor-in-the-covid-19-pandemic.pdf","Oct 7, 2022 ... Health misinformation needs to be viewed as a public health crisis, and there is hence an urgent need for federal oversight and regulation of social media ...","US","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [888,"Health Misinformation Exposure and Health Disparities ...","https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-031118","Oct 7, 2022 ... Consider the experiences of people in the United States who identify as Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native. Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Asian, ...","US","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [889,"Meta response to UNSR on FOE: disinformation in times of conflict ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/expression/cfis/conflict/2022-10-07/submission-disinformation-and-freedom-of-expression-during-armed-conflict-UNGA77-others-meta.pdf","Oct 7, 2022 ... The rules of international humanitarian law may weigh in favour of removing videos of prisoners of war (POW) to protect them from public curiosity but there may ...","US","2022-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [890,"Information Documents Freedom of political speech: an imperative ...","https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a86af5","Oct 6, 2022 ... ... Europe has continuously promoted the rule of law approach to the governance of digital ... disinformation online will reenforce the regulatory framework ...","EU","2022-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [891,"Correcting misinformation is part of everyone's job","https://www.in.gov/health/thenervecenter/files/Pulse-Oct-2022.pdf","Oct 6, 2022 ... 15 and includes independence days for several Latin American countries, as well as. Mexico and Chile. It was enacted into law on. Aug. 17, 1988. You can learn ...","US","2022-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [892,"Public Affairs and Combating Disinformation","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1210762.pdf","Oct 6, 2022 ... Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement,” American Chemical Society 10, no. 3 (2019):. 33-41. 24 Jutta Joormann and Catherine D'Avanzato, “Emotion Regulation in ...","US","2022-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [893,"Where conspiracy theories flourish: A study of YouTube comments ...","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236996/1/ha_conspiracy_youtube_gates_202221005.pdf","Oct 5, 2022 ... nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ... Australia, (2) Department of Media and ... medical misinformation. Automated systems can ...","Australia","2022-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [894,"The Cultural Emergence of Fake News II: Postmodernism ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80117-876-120221004/full/pdf?title=the-cultural-emergence-of-fake-news-ii-postmodernism-sensationalism-and-the-hyperreal","Oct 4, 2022 ... ... fake news, disinformation and misinformation ... other agencies finding fake charities operating in Australia that had links to ter-.","Australia","2022-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [895,"Fake News in Digital Cultures","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80117-876-120221005/full/pdf?title=the-visual-in-an-era-of-hyperreality-and-disinformation-the-deepfake-video","Oct 5, 2022 ... state regulation – such as the State of California's new laws that make deepfakes ... news, disinformation and misinformation ... spelled out in a letter by US ...","US","2022-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [896,"Responses Request for Information Equitable Data Engagement ...","https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Responses-Request-for-Information-Equitable-Data-Engagement-and-Accountability.pdf","Oct 3, 2022 ... ... legal and regulatory guidance. Recordings and ... Misinformation, (July 2022). Available at: https ... EU aims to increase access to civil liability law in ...","EU","2022-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [897,"Policy brief 57 How It Started, How It is Going: Media Literacy Index ...","https://osis.bg/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/HowItStarted_MediaLiteracyIndex2022_ENG_.pdf","Oct 2, 2022 ... ... eu/en/policies/online-disinformation. Page 3 ... disinformation, misinformation ... as rule of law, media ethics or discrimination committees, exacerbating the fake ...","EU","2022-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [898,"COVID-19 Disinformation and Conspiracy Theories in Croatia | EDMO","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/COVID-19-Disinformation-and-Conspiracy-Theories-in-Croatia.pdf","Sep 30, 2022 ... “to undermine the credibility of the European Union in the Western Balkans”. “The Covid-19 pandemic has provided fertile ground for disinforma- tion.","EU","2022-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [899,"A Model of Online Misinformation*","https://siderius.lids.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2022/09/fake-news-July-20-2022.pdf","Sep 30, 2022 ... ... federal law protects social media platforms from being held responsible for content posted by its users (see Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act ...","US","2022-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [900,"Toward Fairness in Misinformation Detection Algorithms","https://sites.comminfo.rutgers.edu/behavioralinformatics/wp-content/uploads/sites/36/2022/09/Fairness-in-Misinformation-Detection-Algorithms.pdf","Sep 30, 2022 ... In fact, in the US legal system, a process is considered biased, irrespective of the intent of the designers, if there is less than 0.8 under-representation ...","US","2022-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [901,"Science-based and evidence-based policy-making in the European ...","https://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/research-paper/wp88%20Marisen_Guegen.pdf","Sep 29, 2022 ... principle due to their respective positions in the EU legal and regulatory architecture. ... Matteo Riceputi, The EU's response to disinformation in the run-up to ...","EU","2022-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [902,"Coercion, Capture, and Censorship: Case Studies on the CCP's ...","https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/IRI-Coercion-Capture-and-Censorship-Case-Studies-on-the-CCPs-Quest-for-Global-Influence-September-2022.pdf","Sep 29, 2022 ... ... bill set to become law.” Quartz Africa, 9 October ... EU member state to attend.183 The. Chinese government ... misinformation/disinformation offensive that ...","EU","2022-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [903,"How To Think About Whether Misinformation Interventions Work","https://psyarxiv.com/gv8qx/download","Sep 28, 2022 ... Keywords: misinformation ... Fake news on twitter during the 2016 us presidential election. ... Overcon- fidence in news judgments is associated with false news ...","US","2022-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [904,"Issue Importance and the Correction of Misinformation","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/d/2388/files/2023/03/VidigalJerit_2022.pdf","Sep 28, 2022 ... especially for research conducted in the United States, but belief in misinformation ... describes state-level legislation designed to increase GM food production ...","US","2022-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [905,"Community-based strategies for combating misinformation: Learning ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/lee_strategies_combatting_misinformation_fandom_20220928.pdf","Sep 28, 2022 ... Countering misinformation and fake news through ... Georgetown Law Technology Review, 2(2), 474–512. ... Disinformation's spread: Bots, trolls and all of us.","US","2022-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [906,"FakeNewsLab: Experimental Study on Biases and Pitfalls ...","https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/a804208a-fdaa-4a89-a30d-f345b5d59a45/futureinternet-14-00283.pdf","Sep 29, 2022 ... Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science 2019, 363, 374–378. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2706. 9. Flaxman, S ...","US","2022-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [907,"Post-truth public diplomacy: A detrimental trend of cross-national ...","https://open.bu.edu/bitstream/handle/2144/46161/Wu_2022_JIC_2022ver6.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Sep 27, 2022 ... referred terms in the media, including misinformation, disinformation, junk news, fake news, ... 5) Trudeau declares Emergencies Act amounting to near martial law ...","Australia","2022-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [908,"Public Service Policies-Updated September 2022","https://sjcpl.org/wp-content/uploads/Public-Service-Policies-Updated-September-2022.pdf","Sep 26, 2022 ... Information services staff subscribe to the American Library Association's Code of Ethics,. 2008. (Appendix B). 2.2 Reference Services. 2.2.1 Legal and Tax ...","US","2022-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [909,"The synergy between two threats: disinformation and Covid-19","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.07969","Sep 24, 2022 ... is then misinformation with the explicit intention to mislead. ... law of large numbers.[19]. Finally, averaging over ... ˜w allows us to determine the tricritical ...","US","2022-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [910,"TECH POLICY +RACIAL JUSTICE","https://colorofchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/22-09_BLACKTECHAGENDA.pdf","Sep 22, 2022 ... Its use increases the surveillance of Black people by corporate actors and law enforcement agencies. Congress must pass a comprehensive federal privacy law that ...","US","2022-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [911,"Social Media News Use and COVID-19 Misinformation Engagement ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/9/e38944/PDF","Sep 20, 2022 ... Personality traits were measured through a total of 10 statements asking respondents to rate their level of agreement (1 [strongly disagree] to 7 [strongly ...","Australia","2022-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [912,"Social media news use and COVID‑19 misinformation engagement ...","https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/167041/2/PDF.pdf","Sep 20, 2022 ... The study included. Singaporean residents older than 21 years. We focused on respondents 21 years or above since this is considered the legal adult age in ...","Australia","2022-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [913,"A Bibliometric Analysis of Disinformation through Social Media","https://www.ojcmt.net/download/a-bibliometric-analysis-of-disinformation-through-social-media-12545.pdf","Sep 19, 2022 ... ... Australia for collaboration on disinformation ... regulation to counter online disinformation (Rubin, 2019). ... Disinformation and misinformation triangle: A ...","Australia","2022-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [914,"INF 385T - Misinformation & Disinformation - Fall 2022","https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/webform/syllabi/Syllabus%20-%20Misinformation%20-%20Fall2022.pdf","Sep 17, 2022 ... United States copyright law, 17 USC section 101, et seq., in addition to University policy and procedures, prohibit unauthorized duplication or ...","US","2022-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [915,"A study of political advertising laws in Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, the ...","https://dq4n3btxmr8c9.cloudfront.net/files/jwpazc/Regulation_of_Political_Advertising_in_the_EU__1_.pdf","Sep 15, 2022 ... 9 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0731 ... made part of rules countering disinformation and ... liberties.eu. Contact info:.","EU","2022-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [916,"Election Misinformation and Disinformation","https://my.lwv.org/sites/default/files/leagues/wysiwyg/%5Bcurrent-user%3Aog-user-node%3A1%3Atitle%5D/misinformation_study_pages.pdf","Sep 15, 2022 ... It's Legal to Lie in Ohio Political Ads. In 2016 the Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled an Ohio law prohibiting campaign lies violated the First ...","US","2022-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [917,"Identifying Disinformation Using Rhetorical Devices in Natural ...","https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1891194","Sep 15, 2022 ... for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-. NA0003525. We want to thank our university partners whose ...","US","2022-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [918,"Released under Freedom of Information","https://www.casa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-12/foi-part-43-policy-development-implementation-risk-assessment.pdf","Sep 13, 2022 ... • Misinformation/poor understanding of regs ... • where words, titles, phrases or legal terminology are incompatible with Australian legal ... For General Aviation ...","Australia","2022-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [919,"Fighting Fake News: Online Disinformation in Covid Times","https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/4284/COVID-19-G7-fighting-fake-news-online-disinformation-Itziar-Castello.pdf","Sep 12, 2022 ... Views on what form(s) the regulation of social media and online disinformation should take, however, are variable at national and EU levels. In France, prior to ...","EU","2022-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [920,"Impacts of Censorship On Political Polarization","https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1174&context=honors","Sep 12, 2022 ... Furthermore, some fake news can go as far as becoming libelous, which causes legal issues for the parties involved. Deepfakes and doctored videos can also ...","US","2022-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [921,"Addressing Misinformation About the Canadian Breast Screening ...","https://densebreastscanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Addressing-Misinformation-about-the-Canadian-Breast-Screening-Guidelines.pdf","Sep 10, 2022 ... There is misinformation about breast screening ... enact breast density notification legislation and to perform ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www ...","US","2022-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [922,"Commissioned Paper: Mis- Dis- and Mal-Information and the Convoy","https://publicorderemergencycommission.ca/files/documents/Policy-Papers/Mis-Dis-and-Mal-Information-and-the-Convoy-Laidlaw.pdf","Sep 9, 2022 ... Even within law, the applicable laws (and significant gaps in law) are too ... law in the EU and its. Member States” (2019) the ... Misinformation as a target of ...","EU","2022-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [923,"The-Corruption-Risks-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/kproducts/The-Corruption-Risks-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf","Sep 9, 2022 ... ... act) and amending certain union legislative acts (COM 2021 206 final). EU Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 ...","EU","2022-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [924,"User perspectives on digital literacy as a response to misinformation","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dpr.12671","Sep 9, 2022 ... the growing spread of fake news, especially as it outpaces regulation. ... Australia. DIEPEVEEN aND PINET. 5 of 16. Page 6. The ... to misinformation and fake news, ...","Australia","2022-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [925,"PoxVerifi: An Information Verification System to Combat Monkeypox ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.09300","Sep 9, 2022 ... As of August 5,. 2022, the US ... The judgment errors by individuals that ... “Countering misinformation and fake news through inocu- lation and prebunking”.","US","2022-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [926,"Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media","https://cmss.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/CMSS-NAM-WHO-Phase-2-Public-Comment-Package_9.9.2022.pdf","Sep 9, 2022 ... In response to this outcry and driven in part by the prevalence of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic, Google/YouTube2 supported efforts to develop ...","US","2022-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [927,"Youth and Disinformation in Malaysia: Strengthening Electoral Integrity","https://asiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/Youth-and-Disinformation-in-Malaysia-Strengthening-Electoral-Integrity-1.pdf","Sep 6, 2022 ... At least, if we have a specific legal framework to regulate disinformation, it can act as a safeguard to protect and ... at: https://www.politico.eu/article/ ...","EU","2022-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [928,"People think that social media platforms do (but should not) amplify ...","https://psyarxiv.com/gmun4/download/?format=pdf","Sep 6, 2022 ... ... misinformation are all likely to go viral online. ... Many of these potential solutions have been discussed widely or introduced in proposed legislation, such as ...","US","2022-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [929,"Awakened at CheckThat! 2022: Fake News Detection using BiLSTM ...","https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3180/paper-61.pdf","Sep 5, 2022 ... ... Legal, ICT and Sociolinguistic approach\" under Grant 101049342, and in part by the EU CEF project \"NORDIS - NORdic observatory for digital media and ...","EU","2022-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [930,"Interpretable Fake News Detection with Topic and Deep Variational ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.01536","Sep 4, 2022 ... fake news web domains prior to the 2016 U.S. presidential ... editorial resources that are required to pass judgment (Politi-.","US","2022-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [931,"A 10-POINT PLAN TO ADDRESS OUR INFORMATION CRISIS","https://10pointplan.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/10-Point-Plan-English.pdf","Sep 2, 2022 ... amplification of disinformation by tech platforms. ... Properly enforce the EU General Data Protection Regulation ... in the forthcoming European Media Freedom Act.","EU","2022-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [932,"Taking down coordinated inauthentic behavior from Russia and China","https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/27/NEAR-FINAL-DRAFT-CIB-Report-ChinaRussia-Sept-2022.pdf","Sep 1, 2022 ... ... EU or US. A few criticized the government's ... It worked as a fake engagement carousel, with multiple layers of fake ... ]org/p/tighten-legislation-regarding- ...","EU","2022-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [933,"The mediating role of comments' credibility in influencing cancer ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/omgc-2022-0033/pdf","Aug 29, 2022 ... between fake news, perceived credibility, social sharing, and belief in health misinformation, we conducted an online experiment in the United States to.","US","2022-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [934,"EDITORIAL","https://cooperative-individualism.org/the-public-1910-may-06.pdf","Aug 26, 2022 ... If he accedes, the. Lords will doubtless relinquish the veto as to financial legislation and make themselves content with an advisory veto as to other ...","Australia","2022-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [935,"Fake information helps the few. Real information helps the many.","https://gh.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/175/eLibraryUSA-Flyer-2022.pdf","Aug 26, 2022 ... science and technology; U.S. society ... business and economics, history, law, medicine, science, ... eLibraryUSA is sponsored by the Office of American Spaces, ...","US","2022-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [936,"Towards a Right not to Be Deceived? An Interdisciplinary Analysis of ...","https://inria.hal.science/hal-03759113/document","Aug 24, 2022 ... thus moderated by homophily [41] which is, however, the primary driver of content diffusion, especially misinformation ... As it is currently set, the EU legal ...","EU","2022-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [937,"Issue Importance and the Correction of Misinformation* Robert ...","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/d/2388/files/2022/08/VidigalJerit_PolComm-1.pdf","Aug 24, 2022 ... the guise of describing new legislation at the state level, participants read an excerpt from a news ... is the area that the U.S. federal government least spends ...","US","2022-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [938,"Influencing the influencers: Regulating the morality of online conduct ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/poi3.321","Aug 22, 2022 ... 27(3)), and spread misinformation that results in consumer losses (art. ... 1 E.g., US Endorsement Guides (2009), EU ... Indonesia's Omnibus Law on JobCcreation: ...","EU","2022-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [939,"Scientific Misinformation Is Criminalizing the Standard of Care for ...","https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/articlepdf/2795567/jamapediatrics_lepore_2022_vp_220015_1664571718.7832.pdf","Aug 22, 2022 ... Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) youth in the US face growing sociopolitical obstacles in pursuit of health care. In 2021 and 2022, Arkansas and Alabama ...","US","2022-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [940,"Democratizing the platforms: Promises and perils of public utility ...","https://www.asc.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/2022-10/Democratizing%20the%20platforms%20-%20Victor%20Pickard.pdf","Aug 22, 2022 ... Despite being well established in American history and mainstream legal and ... Confronting the. Misinformation Society. New York ... Crossed Wires: The Con icted ...","US","2022-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [941,"Fake news and democracy: definitions, impact and response","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10361146.2022.2122778","Aug 21, 2022 ... Meese and Hurcombe critically analyse Australia's ... fake news laws and self-regulation). ... Fighting Fake News: A Study of Online Misinformation. Regulation in ...","Australia","2022-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [942,"United in misogyny: the manosphere – far-right nexus and ...","https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/178392/120430686.pdf?sequence=1","Aug 20, 2022 ... Incel-related terrorism has existed since 2014, though law enforcement did not recognize it as threat to health and public safety until 2017, when their attacks ...","EU","2022-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [943,"Rivalry in the Information Sphere: Russian Conceptions of ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA100/RRA198-8/RAND_RRA198-8.pdf","Aug 19, 2022 ... Cain, Geoffrey, “Ukraine's War on Russian Disinformation Is a Lesson for. America,” The New Republic, March 29, 2019. Chekinov, S. G., and S. A. Bogdanov, “ ...","US","2022-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [944,"A Trust Framework for Government Use of Artificial Intelligence and ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.10087","Aug 18, 2022 ... https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail ... Establish a Better Rules approach for all new legislation and regulation, with publicly ... The escalation of ...","EU","2022-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [945,"Online engagement with 2020 election misinformation and turnout in ...","https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/d28353f9-6963-41ba-b262-3ffe2778b468/content","Aug 16, 2022 ... Voter identification laws and partisan competition in the American states.Polit. Res. Q.68, 18–33 (2015). 28. W. Hicks, S. McKee, D. Smith, The determinants ...","US","2022-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [946,"Countering Mis- and Disinformation – A Narrative Review of ...","https://foi.se/rest-api/report/FOI-R--5263--SE","Aug 15, 2022 ... In the post-truth era, disinformation, fake news, misinformation, information ... ” Law and Critique. 28 (2): 119–26. https://doi ... https://data.europa.eu/doi/ ...","EU","2022-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [947,"Module 2: Information disorders (fake news, conspiracy, rumours ...","https://in-eduproject.eu/images/Library/2_Information_disorders.pdf?type=file","Aug 15, 2022 ... ... fake news'. ... Some solutions (regulation) are adopted by ... According to the EU Parliament an hybrid threat is a “phenomenon resulting from convergence and.","EU","2022-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [948,"Misinformation Briefing Paper, August 2022","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.11864","Aug 15, 2022 ... spreading false information (Singapore Fake News Laws, 2022). 4. Page 5. There are many interventions to tackle misinformation, spanning educational, cognitive ...","Australia","2022-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [949,"Modern American Propaganda: An Institutional History","https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=war_and_society_theses","Aug 15, 2022 ... political and economic freedom, and respect for and implementation of human rights norms and laws. We also, of course, work to advance U.S. interests and ...","US","2022-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [950,"The Echo Chamber of Algorithm Bias","https://ijbhtnet.com/journals/Vol_12_No_1_March_2022/1.pdf","Aug 13, 2022 ... repetition that doubles down misinformation (MasterClass 2020). Lee et al. (2019) suggests that individual operators of algorithms must abide by U.S. laws and ...","US","2022-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [951,"The Battlefront of Combating Misinformation and Coping with Media ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3534678.3542615","Aug 14, 2022 ... KDD '22, August 14–18, 2022, Washington, DC, USA. Yi R. Fung et al. 2.2 Fake News Detection [60min]. We discuss detection based on stylistic [4, 18] ...","US","2022-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [952,"Facebook's Architecture Undermines Vaccine Misinformation ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.02172","Aug 11, 2022 ... Topics calling for political action, including support for legislation and requests to sign petitions, and building community by welcoming new group members,.","Australia","2022-08-11T00:00:00"],
    [953,"Trade Regulation Rule on Commercial Surveillance and Data ...","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/commercial_surveillance_and_data_security_anpr.pdf","Aug 10, 2022 ... ... misinformation-superusers/621617/;. Consumer ... For example, European Union (“EU”) member countries enforce the EU's General Data ... regulation rules under the ...","EU","2022-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [954,"Modifying Knowledge Risk Strategy Using Threat Lessons Learned ...","https://researchportal.tuni.fi/files/78374657/ModifyingKnowledgeRiskStrategy.pdf","Aug 10, 2022 ... Examples of behavioral threats include social engineering attacks on Twitter (Downs, 2021; Vijayan, 2020) that had workers responding to disinformation. Legal ...","Australia","2022-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [955,"\" This is Fake News\": Characterizing the Spontaneous Debunking ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.14242","Aug 10, 2022 ... It is reported that their judgment has a high correlation with professional judgment in fact-checking (Epstein, Pennycook, and Rand ... America's growing fake ...","US","2022-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [956,"Fact-Checking the Crisis: COVID-19, Infodemics, and the ...","https://kelleycotter.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SMS_Fact-Checking.pdf","Aug 3, 2022 ... The extraordinary levels of misinformation and disinformation in the 2016 U.S. election, further engen- dered demand for fact-checking with a resultant 200 ...","US","2022-08-03T00:00:00"],
    [957,"Information Gaps and Misinformation in the 2022 Elections","https://www.brennancenter.org/media/9913/download","Aug 2, 2022 ... Voting Laws,” New York Times, May 13, 2021, https://www.nytimes. com/2021/05/13/us/politics/disinformation-voting-laws.html. 14. Mark Kumleben, Samuel ...","US","2022-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [958,"ETHICS & TRANSPARENCY: WHICH TOOLS TO ENSURE ...","https://www.hatvp.fr/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Synthese-colloque-PFUE-EN.pdf","Aug 1, 2022 ... \"The rule of law should never be taken for granted […] ... the fight against disinformation ... Its objective is to bring together the authorities of the EU Member.","EU","2022-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [959,"ASIAN AMERICANS & DISINFORMATION","https://www.asianamdisinfo.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/AsianAmDisinformation_LandscapeReport2022.pdf","Aug 1, 2022 ... they received an email from Twitter Legal outlining the request from Indian Law. Enforcement42. The Indian government even threatened to jail Facebook ...","Australia","2022-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [960,"False Speech and the First Amendment: Constitutional Limits on ...","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12180","Aug 1, 2022 ... Such regulatory efforts may implicate the U.S. ... invalidated the Stolen Valor Act, a federal law prohibiting ... misinformation regulation have sometimes cited ...","US","2022-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [961,"Tackling Online Hate Speech through Content Moderation","https://www.elac.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Dias-Tackling-Online-Hate-Speech-through-Content-Moderation-Working-paper-1.pdf","Jul 31, 2022 ... ... Act) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC. COM(2020) 825 final, December 15, 2020. As of. September. 27,. 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF ...","EU","2022-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [962,"PREVENTING HATE SPEECH, INCITEMENT, AND DISCRIMINATION","https://gaamac.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/APSG-REPORT_FINAL.pdf","Jul 31, 2022 ... law enforcement and judicial institutions to act partially as they preferred to process cases ... headline news is true or categorised as disinformation/ ...","Australia","2022-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [963,"Combating Fake News: Stakeholder Interventions and Potential ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/9668973/09839605.pdf","Jul 29, 2022 ... INDEX TERMS Fake News, misinformation, disinformation, infodemic, fake news detection. ... In India, fake news created law and order ... Fake News EU. Says.","EU","2022-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [964,"Taking corrective action when exposed to fake news: The role of ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1534&context=jmle","Jul 29, 2022 ... We need to understand how each of us can take actions to fight disinformation. ... Misinformation (pp. 589-604). IGI ... of fake news: Fake news regulation and ...","US","2022-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [965,"The Constitutionality of Mandating Editorial Transparency","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3985&context=hastings_law_journal","Jul 28, 2022 ... Requests to. Delist. Content. Under. European. Privacy. Law,. GOOGLE, https://transparencyreport.google.com/eu-privacy/overview?hl=en (last visited July 1, 2022) ...","EU","2022-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [966,"Protecting the truth: Peace operations and disinformation","https://www.zif-berlin.org/sites/zif-berlin.org/files/2022-11/ZIF_Studie_Desinfo_en_FINAL.pdf","Jul 27, 2022 ... In EU terminology, disinformation as it pertains to its crisis management operations falls ... Some governments have enacted legal acts and codes of conduct on ...","EU","2022-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [967,"Tackling medical misinformation in allergy and immunology practice","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1744666X.2022.2108016","Jul 27, 2022 ... Cognitive biases are systematic methods that people employ as they process information [6]. These biases often lead to errors in judgment and can negatively ...","US","2022-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [968,"COVID-19 Misinformation and Social Network Crowdfunding: Cross ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/7/e38395/PDF","Jul 27, 2022 ... Among the campaigns seeking changes to health care mandates, one campaign seeking broad legal challenges against a state governor obtained US $31,730 (42.3%) of ...","US","2022-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [969,"FAKE NEWS AND DEMOCRACY Merten Reglitz","https://www.jesp.org/index.php/jesp/article/view/1258/362","Jul 26, 2022 ... against Online Misinformation ... “Third Person Effects of Fake News: Fake News. Regulation and Media Literacy Interventions. ... https://www.politico.eu/article/ ...","EU","2022-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [970,"Disinformation Changes Minds and Closes Purse Strings for Charities","http://ekrupka.people.si.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Disinformation_Caravan_VampireBirds_20220726-DISTRIBUTE-with-out-appendix.pdf","Jul 26, 2022 ... Comparing differences in donation amounts across conditions allows us to observe the causal effect of false claims and debunking information on the donation.","US","2022-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [971,"Misinformation due to asymmetric information sharing","https://www.unifr.ch/amabe/de/assets/public/documents/Working%20Papers/MisInfo_Paper_2022-07-25.pdf","Jul 25, 2022 ... As in the DeGroot model positive and negative signals are mingled into continuous opinions, it is unclear to us how asymmetries could be meaningfully introduced ...","US","2022-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [972,"Too Much of a Good Thing? A Governing Knowledge Commons ...","https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1533&context=fac_articles","Jul 24, 2022 ... Internet Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Law and Society Commons, Organization ... The hypothesis pushes us ... strategic information and misinformation ...","US","2022-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [973,"Misinformation Containment Using NLP and Machine Learning: Why ...","https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2405&context=faculty_rsca","Jul 23, 2022 ... During the 2016 US. Presidential elections, about 20% of the social media discussions on the topic happened using bots (Wu et al., 2018). A wide spectrum of ...","US","2022-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [974,"New actors and risks in online advertising","https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-1-2022en-online-advertising/1680a744d7","Jul 21, 2022 ... The chapter analyses how media literacy initiatives aim to counteract disinformation spread through online advertising, what the EU's proposal for a regulation.","EU","2022-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [975,"Misinformation, Consumer Risk Perceptions, and Markets: The ...","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w30255/w30255.pdf","Jul 20, 2022 ... “Flavored E-Cigarette Sales in the United States Under Self-Regulation From January 2015 Through October 2019.” American Journal of Public Health 110 (6): 785- ...","US","2022-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [976,"Review of the Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and ...","https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/2022-08/CMT%20submission%20on%20Disinformation%20Code%20Review%2018%20July%202022.pdf","Jul 18, 2022 ... current code in the way that the Digital Services Act in the EU builds on the Strengthened. Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022. Code promotion and ...","EU","2022-07-18T00:00:00"],
    [977,"The moderating effect of fake news on the relationship between ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311886.2022.2103900","Jul 17, 2022 ... Despite this variety of perspectives, the theory of planned behavior allows us to identify behavioral tendencies that influence a defined behavior. In this way, ...","US","2022-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [978,"foreign information manipulation and interference (fimi) and ...","https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/foreign-information-manipulation-interference-fimi-and-cybersecurity-threat-landscape/@@download/fullReport","Jul 15, 2022 ... 1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT ... related to disinformation and misinformation. On ... disinformation (https://edmo.eu/edmo-at- a-glance ...","EU","2022-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [979,"RESPONSES TO COMMENTS RECEIVED FROM THE PUBLIC ...","https://www.sfa.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/summary-response-to-comments-received-from-public-consultation-on-insects.pdf","Jul 15, 2022 ... To safeguard food safety, SFA has initiated a public consultation from 5 Oct 2022 to 4 Dec. 2022 on the regulation of insects and insect products (imports and ...","Australia","2022-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [980,"Digital sovereignty and taking back control: from regulatory ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09662839.2022.2102896","Jul 14, 2022 ... EU code of practice on online disinformation. European Commission. 2018c. Proposal for a regulation establishing the European Cybersecurity. Industrial ...","EU","2022-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [981,"The role of information campaigns in addressing irregular migration","https://www.icmpd.org/content/download/57991/file/Information%20Campaigns%20Brief%20%28v.5%29.pdf","Jul 13, 2022 ... Information campaigns typically aim to influence migration decisions, counter disinformation, and discourage potential migrants from embarking on an irregular ...","EU","2022-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [982,"COVID-19 risk perception and hoax beliefs in the US immediately ...","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.212013","Jul 13, 2022 ... (Dow Jones, New York, NY, USA), based on daily counts of articles from US news sources ... misinformation among US participants in the early ... 1974 Judgment under.","US","2022-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [983,"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DISINFORMATION: STATE ...","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/b/522166.pdf","Jul 12, 2022 ... “Misinformation and Disinformation. ... “Deepfakes and the Weaponization of Disinformation.” Virginia Journal of Law & Technology 23, no. ... EU vs DISINFORMATION.","EU","2022-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [984,"The post-truth tyrannies of an evidence-based hegemony","https://epaa.asu.edu/index.php/epaa/article/download/6178/2862/33045","Jul 12, 2022 ... misinformation and scientific skepticism thrive ... Australia” (p. 67). This, as well as the combination of market logics and constant schooling reform, has seen ...","Australia","2022-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [985,"Information pollution in an age of populist politics","https://epaa.asu.edu/index.php/epaa/article/download/6144/2861/33044","Jul 12, 2022 ... Though the motivation for doing so varies across the world, in the United States and Europe their role in the spread of misinformation is one of the topmost ...","US","2022-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [986,"Gagged, red-tagged: Journalists push back","https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstreams/7430ed48-1733-4271-a317-7c1c71adcee4/download","Jul 10, 2022 ... “These recent incidents aim to drown out the truth on one hand, and to drumbeat disinformation and misinformation on the other hand,” NUJP says. Red-baiting.","US","2022-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [987,"CBRN Threats and Incidents Involving Non-state Actors -2021 ...","https://www.foi.se/rest-api/report/FOI-R--5331--SE","Jul 9, 2022 ... Any form of use that goes beyond what is permitted by Swedish copyright law, requires the written permission of. FOI. Page 4. FOI-R--5331--SE. 3 (26).","Australia","2022-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [988,"POLITICS: Pretraining with Same-story Article Comparison for ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-naacl.101.pdf","Jul 10, 2022 ... Fakebert: Fake news detection in so- cial media with a bert-based deep learning approach. Multim. Tools Appl., 80(8):11765–11788. Kornraphop Kawintiranon and ...","Australia","2022-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [989,"DISCLOSURE REQUIRED BY FEDERAL LAW READ AND SCROLL ...","https://www.navigantcuhb.org/bridge/disclosures/ce/ft/termsandconditions.pdf","Jul 9, 2022 ... INCOMPLETENESS OR MISINFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE INFORMATION RETRIEVED. FROM THE ACCOUNTS; (4) ANY CHARGES IMPOSED BY ANY PROVIDER OF ACCOUNTS AND. (5) ANY ...","US","2022-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [990,"Encoding values: Putting tech at the heart of UK foreign policy","https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/22998/documents/168554/default/","Jul 8, 2022 ... disinformation. In particular, Sir Richard Moore ... act like someone else. ... Crucially, the Government has not clearly articulated where it wants to place the UK ...","EU","2022-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [991,"The Roles of Health and e-Health Literacy, Conspiracy Beliefs and ...","https://portalwiedzy.cm-uj.krakow.pl/docstore/download/UJCMe062b77cf1d34db28c6dc607864a3b47/ijerph-19-08346.pdf","Jul 8, 2022 ... Law and Justice party (B = −0.71 p < 0.001 and B ... Empowering Users to Respond to Misinformation about COVID-19. ... Australia. Public Health Res. Pract. 2020, ...","Australia","2022-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [992,"Understanding the laws relating to “fake news” in Russia","https://cpj.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Guide-to-Understanding-the-Laws-Relating-to-Fake-News-in-Russia.pdf","Jul 8, 2022 ... On 25 March. 2022, the Laws were further amended (all together further referred to as “March 2022 Amendments”). With Federal Law No. 32-FZ, the Russian ...","US","2022-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [993,"Misinformation & Pegasus Project: Case study of India July, 2022 ...","https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/178329/120427092.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jul 7, 2022 ... There are at least three main reasons for us to take this problem of misinformation seriously. ... (2019) 'Combination of Natural Laws (Benford's Law and Zipf's ...","US","2022-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [994,"Social media, misinformation, and age inequality in online political ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/188926/1/AcceptedAuthorVersion.pdf","Jul 7, 2022 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of ...","US","2022-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [995,"Information Integrity in Kosovo - Assessment of the Political ...","https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/Information%20Integrity%20in%20Kosovo%20-%20Assessment%20of%20the%20Political%20Economy%20of%20Disinformation.pdf","Jul 6, 2022 ... and standards, such as the European Council Convention on Human Rights,65 EU Code of. Practice on Disinformation,66 the Digital Services Act package,67 and the ...","EU","2022-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [996,"Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, and Disinformation: A Primer","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA1000/PEA1043-1/RAND_PEA1043-1.pdf","Jul 6, 2022 ... For example, on the eve of a closely contested election, a video could surface that shows a can- didate engaging in a nefarious or sexual act or making a.","EU","2022-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [997,"Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Social Media Virality ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/7/e37806/PDF","Jul 6, 2022 ... In a recent study of parents in Australia, approximately 24% of participants were reluctant or not sure of getting a COVID-19 vaccine and of these, 89% had ...","Australia","2022-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [998,"Demystifying fake news in the hospitality industry: A systematic ...","https://iimk.ac.in/uploads/faculty/IJHM.pdf","Jul 6, 2022 ... Chen, R.X.Y., Cheung, C., Law, R., 2012. A review of the literature on culture in hotel management research: what is the future. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 31 (1) ...","Australia","2022-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [999,"Beyond True and False: Fake News and the Digital Epistemic Divide","https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/fb01/professuren/oeffrecht/prof-johannes-buchheim/publikationen-jb/buchheim-beyond-true-and-false-fake-news-mtlr-59-2022-s-59-109-m-gilad-abiri.pdf","Jul 5, 2022 ... 98, 98–115 (2021); For an overview of EU laws, see generally. Tackling Online Disinformation, Shaping Europe's Digital Future, EUROPEAN COMM'N., https ...","EU","2022-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1000,"DEMOCRATIZING","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-07/UNDP%20Oslo%2C%20Digital%20Democracy%2C%2056032%20FINAL_v3.pdf","Jul 5, 2022 ... of misinformation in the Global South continues ... As part of the support provided by international initiatives such as Open Government, the Paraguayan ...","US","2022-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1001,"Protecting Free Speech and Due Process Values on Dominant ...","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3987&context=hastings_law_journal","Jul 4, 2022 ... PRO-SPEECH Act, and the PACT Act, as well as state laws like those enacted ... misinformation, etc.) and to moderate content and ... Second, both U.S. and ...","US","2022-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [1002,"AI Startups and the Fight Against Mis/Disinformation Online: An ...","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Test%20AI%20Startups%20and%20the%20Fight%20Against%20MisDisinformation%20Online%20An%20Update.pdf","Jul 2, 2022 ... 10 These bills—including the EU's Digital Services Act—may require social media platforms to step up their use of AI to identify and act on mis/disinformation ...","EU","2022-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [1003,"legislative analysis and public policy association - naloxone ...","https://legislativeanalysis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Naloxone-Access-Summary-of-State-Laws.pdf","Jul 1, 2022 ... administer that treatment pursuant to state and federal law. • All insurance carriers that provide prescription drug benefits in the state must include ...","US","2022-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1004,"Defamation","https://queenslandlawhandbook.files.wordpress.com/2022/06/60.-defamation-june-2022.pdf","Jun 30, 2022 ... Is Queensland law the correct choice? Each Australian state and territory has its own laws for defamation. The Defamation Act sets out the rules for determining ...","Australia","2022-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [1005,"Safety of journalists in non-EU countries: state and non-state ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2022/702564/EXPO_IDA(2022)702564_EN.pdf","Jun 30, 2022 ... the EU (physical protection, legal counselling ... EU Guidelines on HRDs by the EU and EU ... promotion of access to information and countering disinformation'; the ...","EU","2022-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [1006,"COVID-19, Misinformation and Communication Studies: A ...","https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2098587","Jun 29, 2022 ... 609). Legal Measures to Combat Misinformation ... Fake news travels fast: Exploring misinformation circulated ... International Australia, 177(1), 125–131. https ...","Australia","2022-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [1007,"Removal of Anti-Vaccine Content Impacts Social Media Discourse","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3501247.3531548","Jun 29, 2022 ... In a study of U.S. Twitter users, Pierri et al. [21] found a negative link between misinformation and vaccination uptake rates, with an effect ob- served across ...","US","2022-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [1008,"Perceived Exposure to Misinformation and Trust in Institutions in ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/20110/4093","Jun 28, 2022 ... Do the findings about ideology, misinformation, and political trust replicate elsewhere, or are they distinctive to the highly polarized, Trump-led American ...","US","2022-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [1009,"Toward Fairness in Misinformation Detection Algorithms","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10356769","Jun 28, 2022 ... In fact, in the US legal system, a process is considered biased, irrespective of the intent of the designers, if there is less than 0.8 under-representation ...","US","2022-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [1010,"Disinformation, Stochastic Harm, and Costly Effort: A Principal-Agent ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.09847","Jun 27, 2022 ... This problem is similar to that of environ- mental regulation, in which the costs of adverse events are not directly borne by a firm, the mitigation effort of a ...","US","2022-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [1011,"Polarization and Trust","https://ourpublicservice.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Polarization-and-Trust-FINAL.pdf","Jun 28, 2022 ... and perpetuate misinformation. Political ... frameworks to help us deal ... amendments change legislation and the impact of proposed legislation to current law.","US","2022-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [1012,"Exit Poll – Misinformation in the federal election campaign","https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Polling-Misinformation-WEB.pdf","Jun 26, 2022 ... • 86% of Australians agree that truth in political advertising laws should be in place in time for the next federal election campaign, 4% of Australians ...","Australia","2022-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [1013,"FACTOID: A New Dataset for Identifying Misinformation Spreaders ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.345.pdf","Jun 25, 2022 ... literacy interventions, and governmental regulation. Mass Communication and Society, 23(5):705–729. Columbia Journalism Review. (2021). Cjr index of fake ...","EU","2022-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [1014,"Written evidence submitted by Transparency International (IEF0020 ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/107147/pdf/","Jun 26, 2022 ... Transparency International UK (TI-UK) is the UK chapter of TI. We raise awareness about corruption; advocate legal and regulatory reform at local, ...","EU","2022-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [1015,"Rhetorical Structure Approach for Online Deception Detection: A ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.635.pdf","Jun 25, 2022 ... Figure 1 shows an example of a deceptive story (fake news) annotated using the RST framework. Figure 1: Discourse-tagged fake news using RST framework. This ...","Australia","2022-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [1016,"Explainable Tsetlin Machine Framework for Fake News Detection ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.523.pdf","Jun 25, 2022 ... interpretability in fake news detection. Paper contributions: In this paper, we propose an ex- plainable framework for fake news detection built us- ing the ...","US","2022-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [1017,"Justice in Misinformation Detection Systems: An Analysis of ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3531146.3533205","Jun 24, 2022 ... 1 While this doctrine allowed online media and commerce to flourish without the constant threat of costly law suits, it also fostered an environ- ment that was, ...","Australia","2022-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [1018,"External Marketing Policy Statement","https://www.entaingroup.com/media/xi0msue5/entain-group-marketing-policy_external_2024.pdf","Jun 23, 2022 ... ... laws of the UK and the EU/EEA countries where online gambling operators provide their services, as well as applicable EU legislation. The Code is intended ...","EU","2022-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [1019,"Deepfakes are Taking Over Social Media: Can the Law Keep Up?","https://law.unh.edu/sites/default/files/media/2022/06/nagumotu_pp113-157.pdf","Jun 23, 2022 ... 125 More than likely, nearly all of us, at some point, have spread misinformation through social media. ... The first U.S. federal legislation on deepfakes was.","US","2022-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [1020,"Fake News Incidents through the Lens of the DCAM Disinformation ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/61af/3ec2829784bdb8e1edcdd3ee678886d3efbb.pdf","Jun 22, 2022 ... ... misinformation, actions to increase digital literacy, the anal- ysis of legal regulations, and a repository of knowledge on disinformation. Likewise, other EU ...","EU","2022-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [1021,"4-Drivers-of-perceptions-of-due-impartiality-the-BBC-and-the-wider ...","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/239175/4-Drivers-of-perceptions-of-due-impartiality-the-BBC-and-the-wider-news-landscape.pdf","Jun 22, 2022 ... A charged cultural climate and divided opinions, illustrated by the debates around the UK's exit from the European Union and the merits of restrictions during a ...","EU","2022-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [1022,"Disinformation and the First Amendment: Fraud on the Public","https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7242&context=lawreview","Jun 21, 2022 ... 26,. 2018), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/ ? ... Misinformation, unlike disinformation, includes false ... 783, 789 (2020) (concluding that a ...","EU","2022-06-21T00:00:00"],
    [1023,"6. AB 972 Berman Elections: deceptive audio or visual media.","https://sjud.senate.ca.gov/sites/sjud.senate.ca.gov/files/ab_972_berman_sjud_analysis.pdf","Jun 21, 2022 ... This bill extends the operative duration of a 2019 law designed to prevent the use of ... https://www.politico.eu/article/spa-donald-trump ... technology with the ...","EU","2022-06-21T00:00:00"],
    [1024,"How equalitarian regulation of online hate speech turns ...","https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/OutputFile/1203863","Jun 21, 2022 ... Beyond the EU, the legislative model of NetzDG found an echo in legislations in at least Australia, Belarus, Honduras, ... Misinformation' (2021) 11 Science ...","Australia","2022-06-21T00:00:00"],
    [1025,"1 Report on the sixth expert roundtable: The role of public service ...","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/4/522343.pdf","Jun 20, 2022 ... We heard about the recently published and strengthened EU Code of Practice on Disinformation; however it is not yet sufficient: it still lacks structural.","EU","2022-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [1026,"Understanding How and by Whom COVID-19 Misinformation is ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/6/e37623/PDF","Jun 20, 2022 ... This meant that the four coders achieved substantial agreement in the topic assignment [39]. In the coding process, for misinformation items involving two or.","Australia","2022-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [1027,"Evaluating Online Safety Initiatives: How to build the evidence base ...","https://www.unicef.org/eap/media/10946/file/Evaluating%20Online%20Safety%20Initiatives.pdf","Jun 19, 2022 ... And others like sexting, hate speech, and misinformation are novel. ... eu-law-allows-screening-of-online-messages-to ... Legal advice may need to be sought ...","EU","2022-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [1028,"Framing Vaccine Mandates: Messenger and Message Effects","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2611&context=law_and_economics","Jun 20, 2022 ... widespread characterization of the policy as a “vaccine mandate” was “misinformation or ... Our research design allows us ... Pol'y 135 (2021) (finding that county- ...","US","2022-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [1029,"How nurses can counter health misinformation","https://cdn.ymaws.com/micnp.org/resource/resmgr/resources_&_links/nso_rm_article-addressing_mi.pdf","Jun 18, 2022 ... In this case, sources such as MedlinePlus, World Health Organization, and condition-specific nonprofit organizations (e.g., the American Heart. Association, ...","US","2022-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [1030,"DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA IN VENEZUELA REPORT ...","https://globalamericans.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Disinformation-and-Propaganda-in-Venezuela-Report.pdf","Jun 18, 2022 ... of Misinformation, Disinformation, and Propaganda in Latin America. ... been sanctioned or blocked by CONATEL under restrictive journalism legislation. ... (PDVSA) ...","US","2022-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [1031,"Combatting Online Harms Through Innovation; Federal Trade ...","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Combatting%20Online%20Harms%20Through%20Innovation%3B%20Federal%20Trade%20Commission%20Report%20to%20Congress.pdf","Jun 16, 2022 ... general problem of online misinformation and disinformation. ... Misinformation and Disinformation ... content/uploads/2020/05/EU Terrorism Regulation TWG van ...","EU","2022-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1032,"A Model of Online Misinformation.pdf","https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/A%20Model%20of%20Online%20Misinformation.pdf","Jun 16, 2022 ... ... federal law protects social media platforms from being held responsible for content posted by its users (see Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act ...","US","2022-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1033,"Negative downstream effects of disinformation discourse: Evidence ...","https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/a3rzm/download","Jun 16, 2022 ... Importantly, this perception is correlated with nega- tive satisfaction with the current state of democracy in the US and preferences for restrictive regulation ...","US","2022-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1034,"Erving Goffman on Misinformation and Information Control: The ...","https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150113/4/Symbolic%20Interaction%20-%202022%20-%20Innes%20-%20Erving%20Goffman%20on%20Misinformation%20and%20Information%20Control%20%20The%20Conduct%20of%20Contemporary.pdf","Jun 16, 2022 ... boundaries between misinformation and disinformation ... ” This followed a tip from U.S. law enforcement agencies suggesting that these accounts were connected to ...","US","2022-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1035,"The unethical use of deepfakes | Emerald Insight","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JFC-04-2022-0090/full/pdf?title=the-unethical-use-of-deepfakes","Jun 16, 2022 ... These tools can be used to propagate misinformation, disinformation ... Unlike the UK legislative and regulatory framework, US legislation addresses deepfakes.","US","2022-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1036,"Regulating disinformation on Twitter and Facebook","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10383441.2022.2138140","Jun 15, 2022 ... ... Misinformation Policy Practicum (Stanford Law School – Law and Policy Lab, ... new disinformation and misinformation laws ... speech-regulation-violates-eu-law/>.","EU","2022-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1037,"Referendums, Misinformation and the Law PRE-PROOF VERSION ...","https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:b38bd2b/Referendum_Misinformation_Pre_Proof.pdf","Jun 15, 2022 ... assess what regulation there is around misinformation ... South Africa has a broad anti-misinformation law, in its Electoral Act 1998 ... leave the EU would free up ...","EU","2022-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1038,"Technologies to Support Critical Thinking in an Age of Misinformation","https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2022/17281/pdf/dagrep_v012_i004_p072_22172.pdf","Jun 15, 2022 ... effective regulation can help to mitigate the misinformation problem. ... Regulation of Misinformation. Roger Taylor ... EU's GDPR legislation. We propose a ...","EU","2022-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1039,"Audience expectations for content safeguards A position paper for ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-06/What%20audiences%20want%20-%20Audience%20expectations%20for%20content%20safeguards.pdf","Jun 15, 2022 ... Australia's co-regulatory regime for broadcasting shares many features with content regulation in other western democracies, such as the UK and Canada. These ...","Australia","2022-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1040,"1 Best Practices for Ethical Conduct of Misinformation Research: A ...","https://osf.io/j9n3q/download?format=pdf","Jun 15, 2022 ... 3School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ... Here, a distinction is often made between misinformation and ...","Australia","2022-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1041,"Title: Empowering society by reusing privately-held data for official ...","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/7870049/14803739/KS-FT-22-004-EN-N.pdf","Jun 15, 2022 ... lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX ... issues of disinformation, polarisation and animosity expressed in public discussions. ... For the short term, ...","EU","2022-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [1042,"Records, trust, and misinformation: Using birtherism to understand ...","https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/asi.24697","Jun 14, 2022 ... This attention has come from whistleblowers (Wylie, 2019), law enforcement (U.S. ... about how misinformation inhibits democratic pro-.","US","2022-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [1043,"Combating Disinformation at the Federal Level: The Czech and ...","https://mzv.gov.cz/public/f8/6e/d/4681927_2873249_Katherine_Birch.pdf","Jun 13, 2022 ... 52 “European Union Reaches Agreement on Digital Services Act.” JD Supra, 6 May 2022, www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/european-union-reaches-agreement-on-5835854/.","EU","2022-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [1044,"The Activist Network Behind Climate Change Disclosure Regulation","https://web.westernenergyalliance.org/External/WCPages/WCWebContent/WebContentPage.aspx?ContentID=4676","Jun 11, 2022 ... 26 Buying Russian gas and oil has funded Putin's war, says top EU official, The Guardian, Daniel Boofey, March 9, ... fake-news/misinformation meme of the past ...","EU","2022-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1045,"Electoral Confusion – Contending with Structural Disinformation in ...","https://protectdemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/electoral-confusion-contending-with-structural-disinformation-in-communities-of-color.pdf","Jun 11, 2022 ... materials even when required to by law (Native American Resource Fund, 2020). As a result of these structural barriers, Native communities have historically ...","US","2022-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1046,"Susceptibility to Cancer Misinformation: Predictors of False Belief ...","https://osf.io/8czfn/download?format=pdf","Jun 11, 2022 ... Keywords: false memory, fake news, misinformation, cancer misinformation ... misinformation about the 2021 US Capitol riot. ... Journal of Law and the Biosciences, ...","US","2022-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1047,"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Summative-Report-COP26.pdf","Jun 10, 2022 ... Bill (OSB), US Digital Services Oversight and Safety Act (DSOSA), the Australian Online Safety. Act and others, certain issues have risen to the fore. Among ...","Australia","2022-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [1048,"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Executive-Summary.pdf","Jun 9, 2022 ... 2) Limit media exemption loopholes within legislation (e.g. the EU Digital Services Act, UK ... misinformation trends, as well as the role played by algorithmic ...","EU","2022-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [1049,"How to fight misinformation about earthquakes? A Communication ...","https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/530319/CommunicationGuide_FightingEarthquakeMisinformation_Dallo_Corradini_Fallou_Marti.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y","Jun 9, 2022 ... Recent examples of large, damaging induced earthquakes include the magnitude 5.8 earthquake in. Oklahoma (US) in 2016 likely caused by wastewater disposal [20] ...","US","2022-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [1050,"Communicating uncertainty to the public during the COVID-19 ...","http://www.chelsearatcliff.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Ratcliff-et-al-2022-scoping-review.pdf","Jun 8, 2022 ... Only two papers focused on the Asia Pacific region (South Korea, N = 1; Australia, N = 1). ... misinformation (e.g. Dunwoody, 2020; Escan- dón ... Journal of Health ...","Australia","2022-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [1051,"Foreign Policy & Disinformation Narratives in the 2022 Philippine ...","https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ISEAS_Perspective_2022_59.pdf","Jun 6, 2022 ... ... Australia. China was the least preferred partner ... Defence Treaty since such an act requires approval by the US Congress. ... Times, May 6, 2022, https://www.","Australia","2022-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [1052,"Russian Disinformation Efforts on Social Media","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR4300/RR4373z2/RAND_RR4373z2.pdf","Jun 6, 2022 ... mation operations, states such as Canada, Australia, and Sweden incor- ... combat disinformation start with limiting misinformation ... subject to potential legal ...","Australia","2022-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [1053,"Safety of journalists and media freedom: trends in non-EU countries ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/702562/EXPO_BRI(2022)702562_EN.pdf","Jun 6, 2022 ... The adoption of laws purporting to reduce mis- and disinformation have been used to curtail independent journalism with. IPI recording that 'fake news' laws ...","EU","2022-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [1054,"The Role of Regulatory Agencies in Agenda‐Setting Processes ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/spsr.12465","Jun 4, 2022 ... AGCOM acted as an institutional advocate of the regulation of disinformation because its monitoring activity of online platforms falls under its wider ...","EU","2022-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1055,"COVID-19 Vaccine Misperceptions in a Community Sample of ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/01b1/dabe9ab703cef97ad03fb64bcf09b152649e.pdf","Jun 4, 2022 ... In Australia, 13–17% of 4362 adult respondents to a national survey indicated agreement with various forms of misinformation about COVID-19 in 2020 [15]. Lower ...","EU","2022-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1056,"Emotion may predict susceptibility to fake news but emotion ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02699931.2022.2090318","Jun 3, 2022 ... paper suggests that using emotion regulation in its current form is unlikely to help us in the battle against misinformation. Notes. 1. We refer to ...","US","2022-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [1057,"dissemination of disinformation - about vaccination in kazakhstan in ...","https://www.unicef.org/kazakhstan/media/9036/file/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%20%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%20ENG.pdf","Jun 3, 2022 ... Major politicians and world leaders have been included in the disinformation: ranging from former US. President Donald Trump to current Brazil- ian President ...","US","2022-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [1058,"International Institutions and Platform-Mediated Misinformation","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1827&context=cjil","Jun 1, 2022 ... A thread running through Democracies and International Law is the role of regional bodies (e.g., the African Court and the European Union) in fostering ...","EU","2022-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [1059,"The Draft Online Safety Bill and the regulation of hate speech: have ...","https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/104913/8/The%20Draft%20Online%20Safety%20Bill%20and%20the%20regulation%20of%20hate%20speech%20have%20we%20opened%20Pandora%20s%20box.pdf","Jun 1, 2022 ... 6P Coe, 'Misinformation, Disinformation, the Online Safety Bill, and its Insidious Implications for Free ... mediaries and relates to the European Union's (EU) ...","EU","2022-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [1060,"Regulatory divergences in the draft AI act","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2022/729507/EPRS_STU(2022)729507_EN.pdf","May 31, 2022 ... Address the incoherence of risk assessment and introduce explicit risk criteria: The AIA is different from other recent EU legislative endeavours such as the ...","EU","2022-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [1061,"Cross-Platform Multimodal Misinformation: Taxonomy ...","https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~srijan/pubs/cross-platform-misinfo-icwsm2022.pdf","May 30, 2022 ... Moreover, collecting data from platforms with di- verse properties and characteristics helped us uncover similarities and differences in how post and video ...","US","2022-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [1062,"A State-of-the-art of Scientific Research on Disinformation","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1822718/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 31, 2022 ... ... Legal Responses and Regulations against Disinformation ... COVID-19 Misinformation and its ... Disinformation in Contemporary U.S. Foreign Policy: Impacts and ...","US","2022-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [1063,"COVID-19 Information Sources and Misinformation by Faith ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00469580221081388","May 30, 2022 ... Next, secondary quantitative analysis of two recent surveys from the American Trends Panels by Pew Research conducted in April. 2020 (N = 9482) and February ...","US","2022-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [1064,"Trust in Institutions, Not in Political Leaders, Determines Compliance ...","https://ms-math-computer.science/preprint/2022_BWSCASYCA_TrustInInstitutions.pdf","May 30, 2022 ... from Australia (N ... Combatting Fake News: Alternatives to Limiting Social Media Misinformation and Rehabilitating Quality Journalism. SMU Sci. Technol. Law Rev.","Australia","2022-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1065,"Trust in Institutions, Not in Political Leaders, Determines Compliance ...","https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/125301967/behavsci_12_00170_v3.pdf","May 30, 2022 ... Combatting Fake News: Alternatives to Limiting Social Media Misinformation and Rehabilitating Quality Journalism. SMU Sci. Technol. Law Rev. 2017, 20, 375 ...","Australia","2022-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1066,"Google Report - 2022 AU Code of Practice on Disinformation and ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Google-Report-2022-AU-Code-of-Practice-on-Disinformation-and-Misinformation.pdf","May 29, 2022 ... The campaign uploaded a variety of news content in English to domains that were designed to look as if they were independent news outlets in various US states ...","US","2022-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1067,"A paper on the principles and attributes of ensuring the credibility of ...","https://www.aomrc.org.uk/publication/the-principles-and-attributes-of-ensuring-the-credibility-of-health-information-in-social-media/","May 29, 2022 ... The status of governmental bodies, regulation and accreditation is very different in a UK context to that of the US. However, the principles the paper raises ...","US","2022-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1068,"Volume XIV, Issue 1 42 - The effect of disinformation on democracy ...","https://ceswp.uaic.ro/articles/CESWP2022_XIV1_REI.pdf","May 28, 2022 ... 2022 elections, Orban's administration has used the new law to spread his own misinformation about ... (2020, June), EU Response to Disinformation from Russia on ...","EU","2022-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1069,"Shining a spotlight on the dangerous consequences of conspiracy ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/5v6wo4uklbfjfatlhfxk5znwcm/access/wayback/https://ltu-figshare-repo.s3.aarnet.edu.au/ltu-figshare-repo/37649234/1201277_JolleyD_2022.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=RADjuIEnIStOwNiA&Expires=1667212305&Signature=8WUnogqxs2F8Idqx4pcMYB6f81w%3D","May 28, 2022 ... [28] found that conspiracy beliefs held by British participants specific to the 2016 European Union (EU) referendum ... rabbit hole” of vaccine misinformation on ...","EU","2022-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1070,"Stop Fake News: AI, Algorithms and Mitigation Actions in India","https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/RDET/article/download/41873/36778/154413","May 28, 2022 ... The parliament in Australia and its committees have referred to false claims on a ... monetary measures for disseminating fake news (Federal Law No. ... In a time ...","Australia","2022-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1071,"Twitter Australian Disinformation Annual Report 2022","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Twitter-Australian-Disinformation-Annual-Report-2022-1.pdf","May 27, 2022 ... ... rules against misinformation. This mechanism ... Twitter will not exercise any control or judgment ... The recently announced European Union (EU) sanctions legally ...","EU","2022-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1072,"Up in Smoke: Why Regulating Social Media like Big Tobacco Won't ...","https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5020&context=ndlr","May 27, 2022 ... pieces of federal legislation. Congress enacted ... regulatory scheme to stave off federal regulations. ... 256 See U.S. SURGEON GEN., CONFRONTING HEALTH ...","US","2022-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1073,"Content Moderation and Fact-Checking","http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1649319/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 27, 2022 ... media professionals understand and act upon the problems of misbehaving users and misinformation being spread. ... Experiment on U.S. State Legislators. American ...","US","2022-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1074,"Algorithms and Misinformation: The Constitutional Implications of ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1808&context=iplj","May 26, 2022 ... * J.D. Candidate, Fordham University School of Law, 2022; B.A., Political Science, Queens College, 2018. I would like to thank Professor Ron Lazebnik for his ...","EU","2022-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1075,"Innovation, digitization, and disinformation management in ...","https://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/EPI/article/download/87111/63320/294958","May 26, 2022 ... ... misinformation (He- rrero-Curiel; Planells-de-la-Maza ... disinformation in the EU and protec- ting the ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT ...","EU","2022-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1076,"When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About ...","https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/133807/MaC%2010%282%29%20-%20When%20Politicians%20Meet%20Experts_%20Disinformation%20on%20Twitter%20About%20Covid-19%20Vaccination%20%287%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","May 26, 2022 ... ... disinformation boosted by misinformation on social media. ... europa.eu/legal‐content/EN/TXT/%20PDF/? · uri=CELEX ... can fuel the spread of misinformation. Nature ...","EU","2022-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1077,"Disinformation and Crisis Escalation in South Asia – May 26, 2022 ...","https://www.stimson.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Disinformation-and-Crisis-Escalation-in-South-Asia.pdf","May 26, 2022 ... We also have with us this morning, Sylvia Mishra ... the Indus Water Treaty, if India is allowed to do that, so to speak. ... governments may take to reportedly ...","US","2022-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1078,"The Surprising Virtues of Data Loyalty","https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4057&context=faculty_scholarship","May 25, 2022 ... fundamental rights law has long protected privacy as an explicit constitutional right.70 Today, the E.U. Charter recognizes two separate fundamental rights to ...","EU","2022-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [1079,"Redefining “Misinformation,” “Disinformation,” and “Fake News ...","https://scholarship.law.campbell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1733&context=clr","May 23, 2022 ... ... federal law with a precise economic meaning: the power to profitably raise prices or exclude compe- tition in a properly defined market.”155. 149. See supra ...","US","2022-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [1080,"Misinfo Reaction Frames: Reasoning about Readers' Reactions to ...","https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.222.pdf","May 22, 2022 ... e.g. regulation that would lead to ... Long Papers), pages 463–473, Melbourne, Australia. ... Disinformation Unlike misinformation, disinformation assumes a ...","Australia","2022-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [1081,"The Regulatory Situation of Artificial Intelligence in Switzerland","https://assets.ctfassets.net/fn26yz8eng46/1YzZwQ6i9qLg73R9xbtEUe/777c9305c9c3e9a565203ad18c80ebae/AmreinIris_AIRegulationinCH.pdf","May 21, 2022 ... Some governments are already forming solutions to this question by releasing AI regulation drafts or rules. In April 2021, the EU has released a draft for an ...","EU","2022-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1082,"Public trust, policing, and the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from ...","https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/1-s2.0-S0277953622003513-main_0.pdf","May 21, 2022 ... Conversely, if citizens do not trust government officials to pass laws that faithfully adhere to public health authorities' recommendations, they may circumvent ...","US","2022-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1083,"Government Communication Strategies in Time of Pandemic ...","https://journal.iapa.or.id/pgr/article/download/546/323/","May 22, 2022 ... These frameworks are especially required when pre-existing processes or legislation governing disinformation are absent or ineffective. The message about ...","US","2022-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1084,"COMBATING HATE SPEECH","https://rm.coe.int/prems-083822-gbr-2018-recommendation-on-combating-hate-speech-memorand/1680a710c9","May 20, 2022 ... lation, which is mostly part of civil and administrative law, and only in specific cases of criminal law (see EU. Council Directive 2000/43/EC implementing ...","EU","2022-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [1085,"Governing information flows during war: a comparative study of ...","https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/80817/1/Sisu_etal_GDHRNET_2022_Governing_information_flows_during_war_a_comparative_study_of_content_governance.pdf","May 19, 2022 ... Regulation (EU) 2022/350, which is directly ... information or misinformation ... Serbia has the strictest regulation for fake news and disinformation (“causing ...","EU","2022-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [1086,"Can high school students check the veracity of information about ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=jmle","May 19, 2022 ... Its objective was to promote critical media literacy by having students identify and critique fake news related to COVID-19. The participants were third year ...","Australia","2022-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [1087,"Political polarization, misinformation, and media literacy","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1513&context=jmle","May 19, 2022 ... combat the spread of misinformation lend support to the students' suggestions. A study of 1,700 U.S. adults ... of fake news: Fake news regulation and literacy.","US","2022-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [1088,"Measuring fake news acumen using a news media literacy instrument","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1344746.pdf","May 19, 2022 ... News media literacy education is gaining increased attention in the age of fake news and post-truth America. However, as with any pedagogical goal, it is.","US","2022-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [1089,"Handling consent refusal by people presenting for vaccination","https://www.racgp.org.au/FSDEDEV/media/documents/RACGP/Coronavirus/COVID-Vaccine-Handling-Consent.pdf","May 18, 2022 ... misinformation. Can I vaccinate a patient if they ... • The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation has released ... • It is against the law for me to ...","Australia","2022-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [1090,"Fake news outbreak 2021: Can we stop the viral spread?","https://scholar.archive.org/work/nnpffqrsqbberjesbj5qd5yby4/access/wayback/https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/266444508/1_s2.0_S1084804521001326_main.pdf","May 17, 2022 ... such as rumors, clickbaits, misinformation and disinformation. ... a https://www.eu-startups.com/directory/fake-news-guard/. ... https://www.loc.gov/law/help/fake- ...","EU","2022-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [1091,"Back to Square One: Estoppel Against the Government after ...","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2287&context=vjtl","May 17, 2022 ... party in reliance upon misinformation given him by the Public ... substantive federal law and therefore arises under federal law, ... Id. 157. 255 U.S. 180 (1921).","US","2022-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [1092,"Government Disinformation and Freedom of Expression in a Post ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/bqithsispzcuxixtc3x4nxitpq/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/ngac009.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsMwggK_BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKwMIICrAIBADCCAqUGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMwOCgYokaTB-3ImhsAgEQgIICdqg2HrIEzuml3ksmA2hBnkqcV0X3c2uskMavsYiSRyfvp1HBlsj4xtWLASbECPfuEcFx8_m_7xX2OVPUtoytJjOwCtNOc83MYseFRBXcxXnPMfhrDQMqQSbBY0Cj8wRyX1ZqrpgHcc0Ae_XSnqrRLMLGhtmZbN7zjS_pBk9ccBjELuiNlBY7mPp0Nj863GyoHHKeB47XbmQ9mGO6t4R5fHrGNlrS1QsNAKDF8YulMWOe7FL5Ftkx1XGbgJ7E_JjEx68hTkcKwkhkl6CEm6R66UxtcLcFJeBb4kACYrWc8S1nJ-jdcR5YvOWA9dBZhu67hRyGYTaf_SnBlZAxNn5qNVDIIpXtd2hztAooyorY6ylvFsuuqdORie5ugQwRHuSnXV44R3-x3QQFcCwhVl18wO0i5l--W6lY2HVJBMuUk27FcBxbhJYsdEGhJHhfCp8xXv7w2UJVEVzWCe6vRWwC6066Sa558_DvzeYni_ZIsv74-ENGSZSKM_SXo_cvWNjQEzHFIHYotd2fppi5etNcM8ZLRAiI9Tev2aXJgLD8_xNWEYciXHclyqytSNRXyRmC9PtkvwcyY57TXFnf7U5i8FD-e3N5b1IH6I4f1p5qfLE2REHDpojwc7poutfHpwfXvkJY7tnHEAFTO3r1B-DO0o1U_6Mp9vOHieoznNlEsuM9PNvwRu8hIMKtE7VBJ57xq7j00MbF5KRWQo63ZNap6lLLVpLdXoe0lSX7zJdZ0xh6z--kchbJJAsuKNEpmER3GlQTyv9hb6Ut0uK1Jc415fJmt564r16Cf_k6UWoj3xIa7Fu0BDFgPbztRazbnCKXEYIe5qaclg","May 16, 2022 ... Disinformation and propaganda—impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its Member States, Study requested by the LIBE Committee (2019) at 22–5 ...","EU","2022-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [1093,"Australian Code of Practice on Misinformation and Disinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ACPDM-_-2022-Review-Discussion-paper-_-June-6-2022-FINAL.pdf","May 15, 2022 ... ... European Union (EU) Code of. Practice on ... Instead, regulation should focus on disinformation, defined ... Concepts such as 'disinformation', 'misinformation', ...","EU","2022-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1094,"Impact of fake news on firm performance during COVID-19: an ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPDLM-03-2022-0094/full/pdf?title=impact-of-fake-news-on-firm-performance-during-covid-19-an-assessment-of-moderated-serial-mediation-using-pls-sem","May 15, 2022 ... College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, ... au/business ... (2021a), “COVID-19: Australian news and misinformation”, (Canberra, Australia).","Australia","2022-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1095,"Meta's response to the Treasury Department's review of the news ...","https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-02/c2022-264356-meta.pdf","May 15, 2022 ... ... law would apply to us. With great reluctance, we took steps to no longer allow Facebook to be used to share news in. Australia. We were only able to restore ...","US","2022-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1096,"Unmasking Medical Fake News Using Machine Learning Techniques","https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8801&context=etd_theses","May 15, 2022 ... ... judgment [2]. The. 1. Page 12. study also provides ... [7] found that vaccine hesitancy is growing faster than ever in US and UK and is attributed to online ...","US","2022-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1097,"From Pilots towards Policies: Utilizing online data for preventing ...","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-05/UNDP-Policy-Brief-Utilizing-Online-Data-for-PVE-and-Addressing-Hate-Speech.pdf","May 13, 2022 ... The focus of UNDP's preventive approach is to look at the relationship between peaceful societies and inclusive development; rule of law and human rights; anti- ...","EU","2022-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [1098,"Online Content Moderation and Government Coercion","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10742","May 13, 2022 ... The U.S. Constitution's First Amendment provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech.” The Supreme Court has long applied ...","US","2022-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [1099,"The Growth in Misinformation Over Social Media Networks and the ...","https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/6d56zx84t?filename=Desai_Vraj_STS_Research_Paper.pdf","May 13, 2022 ... If legislation was created that addressed the activities of US based social media companies, then imposing rules and regulations in other countries would be.","US","2022-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [1100,"Student working paper series - Political misinformation in the UK","https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/files/4492/Political_misinformation_UK.pdf","May 11, 2022 ... ... law. Political ... To cooperate on future regulation of political misinformation, the Digital Regulation ... https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-digital-services-.","EU","2022-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [1101,"Misinformation, infighting, backlash, and an 'endless' recovery ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16549716.2022.2077536","May 10, 2022 ... Studies in China and Australia have similarly highlighted how news of a sudden vaccine recall can foster vaccine hesitancy (VH; defined as the delay or refusal ...","Australia","2022-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1102,"Embedding Expertise for Policy Responses to COVID-19 ...","https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3486804/download","May 10, 2022 ... Though Belgium and Australia both lacked a specific national pandemic law, they ... counter misinformation about efficacy and safety. ... In comparing. Belgium and ...","Australia","2022-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1103,"Political propaganda and information manipulation on social media ...","https://maharatfoundation.org/media/2253/dri-report-english-final.pdf","May 11, 2022 ... inform the judicial authorities of any violations related to misinformation and hate speech without any direct powers. - Amending the election law to ...","Australia","2022-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1104,"Understanding Fake News Corrective Action: A Mixed-Method ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/19885/4179","May 10, 2022 ... Parallelly, drawing on U.S. survey data, Study 2 findings indicate that traditional news use yields a direct, positive, and statistically significant ...","US","2022-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1105,"Political Propagation of Social Botnets: Policy Consequences1","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04830","May 10, 2022 ... The 2016 elections in the. US presented a watershed moment where an intervention by an adversarial state used a combination of cybersecurity and disinformation ...","US","2022-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1106,"Online information disorder: fake news, bots and trolls","https://d-nb.info/1263082882/34","May 9, 2022 ... Melbourne, Australia. 3. Università di Bologna ... The complex human–machine interaction form with online misinformation and disinformation brings significant ...","Australia","2022-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [1107,"Unreliable Accounts: Governing behind a Veil","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ael-2021-0107/pdf","May 9, 2022 ... As with all federal legislation the executive branch must execute the law and the law is seldom finely specified enough to be complete. To provide the ...","US","2022-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [1108,"TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.07958","May 8, 2022 ... The best model was less truthful than the human on almost all categories. We sus- pect that answers from certain categories (e.g. law or health) are more likely ...","EU","2022-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1109,"BRIEFING: CONTROLLING THE UK'S PRIVATE INTELLIGENCE ...","https://privacyinternational.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/PI-Briefing.pdf","May 7, 2022 ... misinformation, the ... Some sections of the previous investigatory powers legislation, the Regulation of ... 53 https://ipco-wpmedia-prod-s3.s3.eu-west-2 ...","EU","2022-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1110,"PHABC team - Infodemic - misinformation.pptx","http://www.bccdc.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Guidelines%20and%20Forms/Guidelines%20and%20Manuals/Immunization/Vaccine%20Safety/PHABC%20team%20-%20Infodemic%20-%20misinformation.pptx.pdf","May 7, 2022 ... • Misinformation - incorrect or misleading information – AKA Fake News ... Australia/NZ. • Some of the conclusions around ... to improve our judgment as a ...","Australia","2022-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1111,"What motivates people to counter misinformation on social media ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/OIR-09-2022-0507/full/pdf?title=what-motivates-people-to-counter-misinformation-on-social-media-unpacking-the-roles-of-perceived-consequences-third-person-perception-and-social-media-use","May 7, 2022 ... As a country largely impacted by the collectivist culture (Luo et al., 2021), China's misinformation countering focuses on collective norms and external legal ...","US","2022-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1112,"Susceptibility to misinformation is consistent across question ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ijrmxu3fxvcgpkhrb7ptivt3we/access/wayback/http://journal.sjdm.org/22/220228/jdm220228.pdf","May 6, 2022 ... Firstly, confidence influences whether people act on their initial. (truth) judgment or seek additional information (Berner & Graber, 2008; Meyer et al.,. 2013) ...","EU","2022-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1113,"Fake News and Internet Shutdowns in Indonesia: Symptoms of ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/facb/f4b9519077f2683df799ff3e6bf6171cb121.pdf","May 6, 2022 ... Bertus de Villiers, B.A. Law., LL.B., LL.D., Law School of Curtin University, Australia and Law School of the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.","Australia","2022-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1114,"Susceptibility to misinformation is consistent across question ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1121D46E918815B2CD7A9C6C237464A2/S1930297500003570a.pdf/susceptibility-to-misinformation-is-consistent-across-question-framings-and-response-modes-and-better-explained-by-myside-bias-and-partisanship-than-analytical-thinking.pdf","May 6, 2022 ... Susceptibility to misinformation whether confidence judgments measure the same construct as the primary misinformation ... R10 US Support for Legal Marijuana ...","US","2022-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1115,"Platform Governance and the “Infodemic”","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13183222.2022.2042791","May 3, 2022 ... 2013), followed by a discussion of misinformation and regulation. ... Platform Self Regulation and Governance of Misinformation ... The EU and platform approach to ...","EU","2022-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [1116,"Strategic Communications and Disinformation in the Early 21st ...","https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/74494/RSC-PP-2021_12.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y12","May 2, 2022 ... The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot ...","EU","2022-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [1117,"Science Education in an Age of Misinformation","https://sciedandmisinfo.sites.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj25316/files/media/file/science_education_in_an_age_of_misinformation.pdf","May 2, 2022 ... the reputational recommendations that would lead us to trust the quality of their judgment. But how does one judge the expertise of a scientist? The answer ...","US","2022-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [1118,"How Section 230 Impeded Regulation of Online Misinformation","https://escholarship.org/content/qt2xv1b445/qt2xv1b445.pdf","May 1, 2022 ... (2019), https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2019/05/EU-Data-Memo.pdf. 52. Sylvia Chou et al., Where We Go From Here: Health Misinformation ...","EU","2022-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [1119,"The Kremlin's Chemical Weapons Disinformation Campaigns","https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/The-Kremlins-Chemical-Weapons-Disinformation-Campaigns_edit.pdf","May 1, 2022 ... U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE ... Skripal's future mother-in-law, etc.;. ○ It was ... Russian disinformation focused mainly on Germany, the United States, the OPCW, on ...","US","2022-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [1120,"IDENTIFYING AND MINIMIZING THE RISK OF ELECTION ...","https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/135-Harv.-L.-Rev.-F.-265.pdf","Apr 30, 2022 ... Voter suppression is about laws and rules that make it harder for people to register and to vote. ... The EU's Network and Information Systems ... Several key legal ...","EU","2022-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1121,"Mis- and disinformation in Aotearoa New Zealand","https://thedisinfoproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-11-Understanding-mis-and-disinformation.pdf","Apr 30, 2022 ... What are misinformation and disinformation? ... Waitangi/the Treaty of Waitangi. It has become ... spaces is imported from overseas, especially from Australia and ...","Australia","2022-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1122,"A gamification approach to fake news and disinformation awareness","https://www.politesi.polimi.it/retrieve/7927e450-452f-4517-9d77-048aa649db3f/2022_04_Aspesi.pdf","Apr 30, 2022 ... It is a key legislation for users' interest in the USA and all the western world, being the majority of social media based in the USA and subject to such ...","US","2022-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1123,"Justice in Misinformation Detection Systems: An Analysis of ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13568","Apr 29, 2022 ... 1 While this doctrine allowed online media and commerce to flourish without the constant threat of costly law suits, it also fostered an environment that was, ...","Australia","2022-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [1124,"Report on the fifth expert roundtable: Freedom of media in elections ...","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/b/8/519171_0.pdf","Apr 29, 2022 ... While in the past we have addressed such relevant issues as media self- regulation and artificial intelligence, disinformation can have a particularly.","US","2022-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [1125,"COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: A Scoping Review","https://www.cureus.com/articles/94586-covid-19-misinformation-on-social-media-a-scoping-review.pdf","Apr 29, 2022 ... It was found that 14.8% of the US population who participated in a study on stigma communication about COVID-19 on Twitter in the early stage of the outbreak ...","US","2022-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [1126,"Finding Strategies Against Misinformation in Social Media: A ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3491101.3519661","Apr 29, 2022 ... self-monitoring and self-regulation [18, 26]. Lab ... something is misinformation or fake news ... Inside Intelligence: Cognitive science enables us to go beyond ...","US","2022-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [1127,"Mis–Dis Information in COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Narrative Review","https://abacus.universidadeuropea.com/bitstream/handle/11268/11654/Clemente_Sim%C3%B3n_Bustamente_Tornero_IJERPH_2022.pdf?sequence=2","Apr 27, 2022 ... credibility of the European Union (EU) and its partners” [61]. ... Meeting COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation ... Regulation of COVID-19 fake news infodemic ...","EU","2022-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [1128,"Disinformation and Misinformation","https://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/files/eiat/eiat-disinformation-factsheet.pdf","Apr 27, 2022 ... What is the Government doing? The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) promotes transparency by enforcing legislation within the Commonwealth Electoral Act ...","Australia","2022-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [1129,"The Prevalence and Impact of Fake News on COVID-19 Vaccination ...","https://www.jmir.org/2022/4/e36830/PDF","Apr 26, 2022 ... Detecting misinformation or fake news ... information judgment system that can grow with fake news generators even under adversarial attacks. ... Australia. [doi: ...","Australia","2022-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1130,"Roundtable on “The rise of disinformation: impact on media ...","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/4/517422.pdf","Apr 26, 2022 ... Disinformation and misinformation ... We rely on quality journalism that tells us what is going on in the world, and helps us ... international law, and be ...","US","2022-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1131,"A Study of Fake News Reading and Annotating in Social Media ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.12523","Apr 26, 2022 ... human judgment during the interaction with (fake) news (Vosoughi et al., 2018). Building on the knowledge from characterization studies, automated fake news de-.","EU","2022-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [1132,"True Costs of Misinformation Workshop Program | Shorenstein Center","https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/True-Costs-of-Misinformation-Workshop-program.pdf","Apr 24, 2022 ... regulation that tackles misinformation at the structural level. ... Misinformation in the 2020 U.S. ... Justin Sherman, American University Washington College of ...","US","2022-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [1133,"The Impact of Twitter Labels on Misinformation Spread and User ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485447.3512126","Apr 25, 2022 ... This study investigates the warning labels that Twitter placed on Donald Trump's false tweets about the 2020 US Presidential election. It specifically studies ...","US","2022-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [1134,"Moral Emotions Shape the Virality of COVID-19 Misinformation on ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485447.3512266","Apr 25, 2022 ... behavior of others and involve a negative judgment or disapproval ... recommends masks. U.S. president. Donald Trump is diagnosed with. COVID-19. 59th U.S..","US","2022-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [1135,"The subjective dimension of fake news","https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/291245/baranska_the_subjective_dimension_of_fake_news_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Apr 22, 2022 ... Baade, Fake News and International Law, “European Journal of International Law”. 2019, vol. 29(4). Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Iuridica Lublinensia http:// ...","EU","2022-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [1136,"Free speech in the lucky country","https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/P1121-Free-speech-in-the-lucky-country-Web.pdf","Apr 22, 2022 ... rights/your-rights-eu/eu-charter-fundamental-rights_en. 109 Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT), sec.16, http://www.legislation.act.gov.au. 110 Charter of Human ...","EU","2022-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [1137,"Digital literacy and online political behavior","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/941391F2B600ED4543CF5586F19AE16E/S2049847022000176a.pdf/digital-literacy-and-online-political-behavior.pdf","Apr 22, 2022 ... ... misinformation on social media: evidence from the 2016 U.S. presidential elec- tion. In: Symposium: fake news and the politics of misinformation. APSA; 2018 ...","US","2022-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [1138,"Fine-Tuning BERT Models to Classify Misinformation on Garlic and ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1340/274cda63410fe9094085820b46e6ba79e3e1.pdf","Apr 22, 2022 ... Python version 3.7. (Python Software Foundation, Fredericksburg, VA, USA) and Twitter premium application programming interface were used. Of 17,711 tweets, ...","US","2022-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [1139,"Privacy practices in the general insurance industry","https://financialrights.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2204_PrivacyGIReport_FINAL.pdf","Apr 21, 2022 ... misinformation, insurers must detect and deal ... Financial Rights Legal Centre, Guilty Until Proven Innocent: Insurance Investigations in Australia (March,.","Australia","2022-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [1140,"Scientific ways to confront covid-19 fake news","https://www.scielo.br/j/sausoc/a/xwCJfCqzNMJjFLgvqfX5Bch/?format=pdf&lang=en","Apr 20, 2022 ... (2020) find the absence of an authoritative figure to actively combat disinformation. They recommend legislation which isolates opinions based on fake news and.","EU","2022-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1141,"Foreign Interference","https://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/files/eiat/eiat-foreign-interference-factsheet.pdf","Apr 20, 2022 ... Where disinformation may amount to foreign interference, our law enforcement and security agencies will investigate the matter as a possible criminal offence.","Australia","2022-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1142,"Information Literacy Skills as Predicator of Misinformation Sharing ...","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=13628&context=libphilprac","Apr 20, 2022 ... Keywords: Information Literacy, Misinformation Sharing, Federal university, ... regulation of information. Similarly extant ... Adjin-Tettey, T.D. (2022) ...","US","2022-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1143,"Law and Disinformation in the Digital Age | Georgetown Law","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Law-and-Disinformation-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf","Apr 18, 2022 ... use in Europe for political reasons,8 that the EU is intentionally spreading disinformation about ... 43 Elizabeth Thompson, Law prohibiting election ...","EU","2022-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [1144,"A Free Press Without Democracy","https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3460&context=facpub","Apr 18, 2022 ... 29, 2021, 3:54 AM PST), https://www.reuters.com/business/ media-telecom/eu-plans-media-act-industry-chief-breton-says-amid-curbs-freedom-. 2021-11-29/ [https ...","EU","2022-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [1145,"Fake news in business and management literature: a systematic ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AJIM-09-2022-0418/full/pdf?title=fake-news-in-business-and-management-literature-a-systematic-review-of-definitions-theories-methods-and-implications","Apr 18, 2022 ... They also highlighted the need for more research on the ethical and legal implications of fake news. In their recent study, Vasist and Krishnan (2023) conducted ...","US","2022-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [1146,"Existing Practices against Disinformation（EPaD）","https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000905620.pdf","Apr 15, 2022 ... It will adapt the EU Digital Services Act in domestic law and will contain several. Page 9. 9 dispositions to fight disinformation and foreign interference.","EU","2022-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1147,"Exploring the Effect of Misinformation on Infectious Disease ...","https://pandem-2.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/systems-10-00050-v2-compressed.pdf","Apr 15, 2022 ... The project has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No. 883285. The ...","EU","2022-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1148,"An exploration of perceptions and use of misinformation on the ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/GKMC-08-2022-0190/full/pdf?title=an-exploration-of-perceptions-and-use-of-misinformation-on-the-social-web-in-oman","Apr 15, 2022 ... Regulation of COVID-19 fake news infodemic in. China and India”, Media International Australia, Vol. 177, pp. 125-131. Roets, A. (2017), “Fake news ...","Australia","2022-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1149,"A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO TACKLE DISINFORMATION","https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IOR4054862022ENGLISH.pdf","Apr 14, 2022 ... See also our recommendations in Amnesty International's position on the EU's proposed Digital Services Act and Digital. Markets Act, March 2021, amnesty.eu ...","EU","2022-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [1150,"FDA Fiscal Year 2024 Justification of Estimates for Appropriations ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/166182/download","Apr 13, 2022 ... ... Regulation – protects Americans from tobacco ... misinformation/disinformation efforts ... Australia. Of the 132 issues discussed in. FY 2022, the most ...","Australia","2022-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1151,"Verification Upon Exposure to COVID-19 Misinformation: Predictors ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10755470221088927","Apr 13, 2022 ... For example, U.S. areas that had greater exposure to misleading news programs that downplayed the threat of COVID-19 reported more infectious cases and deaths ...","US","2022-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1152,"Noise, fake news, and tenacious Bayesians","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.03432","Apr 13, 2022 ... ... law of large numbers implies that it is ... & Makse, H.A. (2019) Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential ... misinformation, and fake news ...","US","2022-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [1153,"Teachers' views on disinformation and media literacy supported by a ...","http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1685448/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Apr 9, 2022 ... The importance of learning how to think and act in a world of disinformation is under- scored (Kozyreva et al. 2020). Education is described as key since ...","EU","2022-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1154,"Concordia University Combatting Visual Misinformation on Social ...","https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/990735/1/Languein_MA_S2022.pdf","Apr 9, 2022 ... misinformation and disinformation ... https://revealproject.eu/journalist-decision-support-system-jdss/ ... and regulation in Canada: Considerations on transparency ...","EU","2022-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1155,"(Mis-)information technology: Internet use and perception of ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/269583/1/ferdi-wp303.pdf","Apr 9, 2022 ... lead to a spread of misinformation and fake news, ultimately increasing political misperceptions. This feature makes internet a “mis-information technology ...","EU","2022-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1156,"Fake news and declining media trust during COVID 19 pandemic","https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/430826-fake-news-and-declining-media-trust-duri-3ac7ceb3.pdf","Apr 9, 2022 ... that 62 percent of US adults get news from social media. ... intervention and regulation ... Media Literacy and awareness campaigns is indeed necessary to act as ...","US","2022-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1157,"The disinformation playbook: how industry manipulates the science ...","https://theenergyblueprint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Reed2021_Article_TheDisinformationPlaybookHowIn.pdf","Apr 9, 2022 ... Kelly ML, Reed G, Goldman GT, Carter JM. Safeguarding against distortions of scientific research in federal policymaking. Environ Law Report. 2021;51(1):10014– ...","US","2022-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1158,"Science Denial","https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/epp/28/3/151.pdf","Apr 8, 2022 ... 2Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Australia. 3School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Sweden. 4Department ...","Australia","2022-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [1159,"Who Shares Conspiracy Theories and Other Misinformation about ...","https://journalqd.org/article/download/3514/2812","Apr 8, 2022 ... other misinformation incubate and spread. ... Jacksonville, Florida-based Law of Liberty Baptist Church (Gregory & McDonald, 2020; ... In. Australia/U.K. we also ...","Australia","2022-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [1160,"Fake news, fast and slow: Deliberation reduces belief in false (but ...","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/29b4j/download","Apr 8, 2022 ... Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and. Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424. Kahan, D. M. (2017). Misconceptions, misinformation, and ...","US","2022-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [1161,"Labelling Fake News: The Politics of Regulating Disinformation in ...","https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ISEAS_Perspective_2022_34.pdf","Apr 7, 2022 ... Since the 2006 coup, various laws to punish those sharing false information and bureaucratic agencies to surveil social media content, have been created. Built ...","US","2022-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [1162,"FREE SPEECH UNDER ATTACK: BOOK BANS AND ACADEMIC ...","https://www.congress.gov/117/meeting/house/114616/documents/HHRG-117-GO02-Transcript-20220407.pdf","Apr 7, 2022 ... who lead us and have led us to a more perfect union. ... That is a law you expect to find in Putin's Russia, not Amer-.","US","2022-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [1163,"A NOTICE OF FUNDING OPPORTUNITY Support to Fact-Checking ...","https://cl.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/104/NOFO-Support-to-Fact-Checking-Networks.pdf","Apr 7, 2022 ... As mandated by law ... misinformation. Foreign civil society ... all funds are used in a manner consistent with U.S. Government laws on the use of Public Diplomacy.","US","2022-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [1164,"Managing and Mitigating Indirect Hate Speech on Meta Social ...","https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/managing_indirect_hate_speech_meta_platforms.pdf","Apr 6, 2022 ... The Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic at Yale Law School (“Lowenstein”) presented this research to the Facebook Oversight Board (the “Oversight Board ...","Australia","2022-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [1165,"Secure Tomorrow Series Scenario Narrative 3: Deep Disinformation","https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/STS_Scenarios-Workshop_Scenario-3_Deep-Disinformation_508.pdf","Apr 6, 2022 ... American Public Radio's (APR) Jamie Muñoz talks first with Dr. Jacqueline Strickland, chief scientist at the Stenbirk Artificial Intelligence Research ...","US","2022-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [1166,"Annotation-Scheme Reconstruction for\" Fake News\" and Japanese ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.02718","Apr 6, 2022 ... They adopt a narrow definition of fake news; nevertheless, their dataset construction only fo- cus on the factuality of the news based on the judgment of fact- ...","US","2022-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [1167,"Esitazione vaccinale, disinformazione e fake news nella società ...","https://www.osservatorioaic.it/images/rivista/pdf/2022_2_10_DeSantis.pdf","Apr 5, 2022 ... practice on disinformation, Digital Service Act. ... misinformation in EU/EEA, Stockholm ECDC, Giugno 2021. ... Law Journal, 15, n. 2,. 2021, p. 207 e ss.; G. GOTTI ...","EU","2022-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [1168,"Identifying and Countering Fake News","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3974&context=hastings_law_journal","Apr 4, 2022 ... The concept of fake news exploded onto the American political, legal, and social landscape during the 2016 presidential campaign. Since then, the term has.","US","2022-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [1169,"TARGETED INDIVIDUALS, PLATFORMS, AND RHETORIC by ...","http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/42515/1/Beresheim_Final%20ETD.pdf","Apr 4, 2022 ... prioritization,” and government regulation as strategies for dealing with “fake news” and the rise. 510 Heather Suzanne Woods and Leslie A. Hahner, Make ...","Australia","2022-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [1170,"NATIONAL REGULATORY AND SELF-REGULATORY ...","https://www.mminstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2-RSL_Factsheet__MNE-ENG_21-11-29.pdf","Apr 2, 2022 ... spread of misinformation ... DISINFORMATION. Hate Speech and Disinformation and Self-Regulation. Page 15 ... self-regulatory mechanisms on the EU level and in the ...","EU","2022-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [1171,"MIS- AND DISINFORMATION DURING THE 2021 CANADIAN ...","https://www.mcgill.ca/maxbellschool/files/maxbellschool/meo_election_2021_report.pdf","Apr 1, 2022 ... Elections are not the only moments when mis- and disinformation matter. The threat to democracy may lie more in the slow and steady erosion of factual agreement ...","EU","2022-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1172,"Countering Russian influence in the UK","https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9472/CBP-9472.pdf","Apr 1, 2022 ... a strong rule of law and judicial system.9. A ... See The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. ... disinformation unit had been working to identify and ...","EU","2022-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1173,"Manipulation, Privacy, And Choice","https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1443&context=ncjolt","Apr 1, 2022 ... misinformation with the intent of exploiting the weaknesses of these individuals. ... Australia Law, BLOOMBERG NEWS (Dec. 21, 2021), https://www.bloomberg.com ...","Australia","2022-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1174,"Illusion of Truth: Analysing and Classifying COVID-19 Fake News in ...","https://doras.dcu.ie/28137/1/BDCC-06-00036.pdf","Apr 1, 2022 ... This includes a low adherence to social distancing regulation [15–17] and the strengthening of the anti-vaccine ... Melbourne, Australia, 14–17 December 2020; ...","Australia","2022-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1175,"From Fake News to Racism: A Study of Change in a Reading ...","https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jaal.1223","Apr 1, 2022 ... MATSON is an adjunct instructor at Texas. State University and was previously a secondary reading intervention teacher at Conroe ISD, Conroe,. Texas, USA; email ...","US","2022-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1176,"Lessons Learned from Alternative Narrative Campaigns","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-03/ran_lessons_learned_from_alternative_narrative_campaigns_032022_en_1.pdf","Mar 31, 2022 ... /contact_en). EU law and related documents. For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1952 in all ...","EU","2022-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [1177,"Countering Misinformation","https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/epp/28/3/189.pdf","Mar 30, 2022 ... of misinformation (Nuñez, 2020) and regulatory proposals ... EU code of practice on disinformation in relation to COVID-19. ... Disinformation legislation and ...","EU","2022-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1178,"Citizen journalism between fake news and true news","https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/524/9/1/184081","Mar 31, 2022 ... Misinformation Regulation In The Asia Pacific , La Trobe University , Australia , . ... -. Samar Nabih, 10/31/2020, 5 countries passed laws against fake news..","Australia","2022-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1179,"consumer-fraud-act.pdf","https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/statutes/consumer-fraud-act.pdf","Mar 30, 2022 ... ... law or any regulation of the U.S.. Consumer Product Safety Commission, is ... In the event that such regulations are amended or replaced by federal law or ...","US","2022-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1180,"Donald Trump and the Lie","https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03624361/file/donald-trump-and-the-lie.pdf","Mar 30, 2022 ... Evidence from U.S. National Elections since 2000.” Electoral Studies 40 (c):176–88. Schaffner, Brian F., and Samantha Luks. 2018. “Misinformation or Expressive ...","US","2022-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [1181,"“Compensate the Losers?” Economy-policy preferences and ...","https://www.sciencespo.fr/department-economics/sites/sciencespo.fr.department-economics/files/predistribution_27mar2022.pdf","Mar 28, 2022 ... An example from. Gallup in 2013: “Would you vote for a law that would raise the federal minimum wage to nine dollars an hour?” Government job guarantee. We ...","US","2022-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [1182,"Ukraine-Russia War: Nevada Twitter and Disinformation Trends","https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=bmw_lincy_elect","Mar 28, 2022 ... Among the popular claims in NV tweets are text that state: the war is staged by the media and USA government; this war is a distraction to the 'real war' ...","US","2022-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [1183,"YouTube, The Great Radicalizer? Auditing and Mitigating ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.10666/1000","Mar 25, 2022 ... “burst the bubble” of misinformation videos on YouTube by watching videos debunking that misinformation. ... Abuse Act (CFAA, 18 U.S. Code § 1030). In other ...","US","2022-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [1184,"Studying mis- and disinformation in Asian diasporic communities ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/nguyen-_diasporic_communities_research_beyond_anglocentrism_20220324.pdf","Mar 24, 2022 ... actor and regulation is a bad word. Items: Insights from the Social Sciences ... Ingroup, outgroup relations with Indians in Australia. International ...","Australia","2022-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [1185,"Defending Elections against Malicious Spread of Misinformation","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012213","Mar 24, 2022 ... Such concerns are particularly salient in light of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Recent research shows that, on average, an American adult was exposed to.","US","2022-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [1186,"A Taxonomy of Fake News Classification Techniques: Survey and ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/9668973/09734026.pdf","Mar 23, 2022 ... for online misinformation during the 2016 US Presidential ... providing better judgment capacity and accuracy. ... Zollo, ''Polarization and fake news: Early ...","US","2022-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [1187,"The Truth is Always in Style: Targeting Greenwashed Advertising in ...","https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1694&context=sdlp","Mar 23, 2022 ... ... Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in. Sustainable Development ...","US","2022-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [1188,"Misinfo Reaction Frames: Reasoning about Readers' Reactions to ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08790","Mar 22, 2022 ... e.g. regulation that would lead to required safety ... Australia. Association for Computational Linguis ... Misinformation Misinformation is an umbrella term for ...","Australia","2022-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [1189,"Resistance to Persuasion | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of ...","https://www.asc.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/2022-06/Albarracin%20and%20Karan%202021.pdf","Mar 23, 2022 ... ... Legal Notice). Subscriber: University of ... U.S. residents are overreacting to ... Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online · misinformation ...","US","2022-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [1190,"Message From the Chair A Loss to our Community","https://cdn.bcm.edu/sites/default/files/spring-PSY-newsletter-5.11.22.pdf","Mar 22, 2022 ... The role of emotion regulation in mental health. American Journal of. Lifestyle Medicine, 28-31. DOI: 10.1177/15598276211049771. Messinger J, Chukka A, and Boyd ...","US","2022-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [1191,"ProPaganda, false narratives, misinformation - the harmful effects of ...","https://metamorphosis.org.mk/wp-content/themes/metamorphosis/download.php?id=35421","Mar 21, 2022 ... larations, actions, and sanctions adopted by the EU, including those against. Russian citizens and Russian legal entities. However, the rate of alignment of ...","EU","2022-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [1192,"COUNTERFAKE: A scientific basis for a policy fighting fake news ...","https://rm.coe.int/counterfake-a-scientific-basis-for-a-policy-fighting-fake-news-and-hat/1680a5ee06","Mar 19, 2022 ... Local legislation regarding fake news (in Europe and other countries) ... A denial of this transparency endangers the substantive law and EU law on the ...","EU","2022-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [1193,"Toward an understanding of conflictual information behavior in ...","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/163845/asi24362.pdf?sequence=1","Mar 19, 2022 ... joins scholarship on misinformation (Morahan-Martin & ... Governing inside the organiza- tion: Interpreting regulation and compliance. ... Faculty of. Education, ...","Australia","2022-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [1194,"People's understanding of the concept of misinformation","https://bmeder.org/publication/2022-03-18_osman_et_al-2022-misinformation/2022-03-18_Osman_et_al-2022-misinformation.pdf","Mar 18, 2022 ... “Sky News Australian denies broadcasting Covid misinformation, saying YouTube is 'totalitarian'.” The Guardian [online]. Accessed 19 December 2021. https ...","Australia","2022-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [1195,"Dealing with Disinformation: Barriers to Success and a Path Forward","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-1_Issue-1/Davitch_Dealing_With_Disinformation.pdf","Mar 18, 2022 ... protected by law and provided for noncommercial use only. Any reproduction is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States.","US","2022-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [1196,"Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop ...","https://goingdigital.oecd.org/data/notes/No23_ToolkitNote_UntruthsOnline.pdf","Mar 16, 2022 ... Description: In response to fake news campaigns focussing on immigration,. EU, Finland and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) members recognised ...","EU","2022-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [1197,"Disinformation in a time of conflict","https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a5d3be","Mar 16, 2022 ... Thanks to the speed of the Internet and social media, false and misleading information reaches us faster and more persuasively today than ever before. Therefore ...","US","2022-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [1198,"Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial ...","https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.1270.pdf","Mar 15, 2022 ... on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts (pro- posed Apr. 21, 2021), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal ...","EU","2022-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1199,"News literacy, fake news recognition, and authentication behaviors ...","https://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/images/content_people/publication/michael-journal-2022-news.pdf","Mar 15, 2022 ... Rodrigues UM and Xu J (2020) Regulation of COVID-19 fake news infodemic in China and India. Media International Australia 177(1): 125–131. Siles I, Tristán ...","Australia","2022-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1200,"What Can Fake News, Politics, and Religion Tell Us About ...","https://jespnet.com/journals/Vol_9_No_1_March_2022/2.pdf","Mar 15, 2022 ... questionable legal decisions (Jupe & Denault, 2019, Kranzler et al., 2016; Rovira & Raffio, 2017; Zaboski et al.,. 2017). 1.2. A cognitive individual ...","US","2022-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1201,"Threats to Science: Politicization, Misinformation, and Inequalities","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00027162221095431","Mar 12, 2022 ... Misinformation—while certainly not contained to the united States—was uniquely promulgated by u.S. leaders (i.e., ... legislation (e.g., fines for the uninsured, ...","US","2022-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1202,"PROPOSAL FOR A MODEL FOR DETECTING FAKE NEWS ON ...","https://www.esociety-conf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/13.2-4.pdf","Mar 13, 2022 ... Table 1 shows us the classification percentages of the training data set, it can be seen that the percentage of tweets classified as false news represents 52.8% ...","US","2022-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1203,"Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill 2022","https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/libraryResearch/2022/2022-03-11_bill-digest-online-safety-and-media-regulation-bill-2022_en.pdf","Mar 11, 2022 ... ... Bill but is being addressed at EU level, including through legislation. Comment: Disinformation is primarily being dealt with an EU level, including through ...","EU","2022-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [1204,"Political and legal aspects of the information warfare","https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8336858.pdf","Mar 10, 2022 ... Between 2018 and 2021, the EU recorded more than 11,000 cases of misinformation, most of which concerned Ukraine. According to the representative of the ...","EU","2022-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [1205,"Vaccine Misinformation and the First Amendment—The Price of Free ...","https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/articlepdf/2790169/mello_2022_jf_220009_1646852234.5.pdf","Mar 10, 2022 ... The Supreme Court recognizes that false speech can cause harm, but is more willing to abridge speech rights to avoid some kinds of harm than others. Legal ...","US","2022-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [1206,"Information Warfare: Lessons in Inoculation to Disinformation","https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3132&context=parameters","Mar 9, 2022 ... EU East StratCom Task Force, “25 Ways of Combatting Propaganda without Doing Counter-. Propaganda,” Euromaidan Press (website), June 16, 2017, https ...","EU","2022-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [1207,"Media and Democracy","https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/KMAD-2022-1.pdf","Mar 9, 2022 ... patterns in how the American public feels about different aspects of regulation or moderation of content online. Using the 10 forced-choice questions ...","US","2022-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [1208,"Chapter 2. Countering misinformation in and from the newsroom ...","https://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1641176/FULLTEXT02.pdf","Mar 8, 2022 ... News media's role in regulatory ambitions to counter misinformation ... a law targeting online misinformation and hate speech. ... eu/en/policies/online- ...","EU","2022-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [1209,"The unnaturalistic fallacy: COVID-19 vaccine mandates should not ...","https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/48/6/371.full.pdf","Mar 7, 2022 ... legal challenge.15 Another pending lawsuit ... help redress any misinformation or misunderstanding. ... Vaccines 2021;9(2). 66 Djokovic N. Australia to detain ...","Australia","2022-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [1210,"Influence of Fake News Exposure on Perceived Media Bias: The ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/19618/3872","Mar 7, 2022 ... In the United States, the fake news mantra has ... Majority of U.S. voters think media favors Clinton. Retrieved ... Health Politics, Policy and Law, 36(6), 935–944 ...","US","2022-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [1211,"A story of (non)compliance, bias, and conspiracies: How Google and ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/makhortykh_google_yandex_smart_voting_russia_20220307.pdf","Mar 7, 2022 ... Harvard Kennedy School. (HKS) Misinformation Review, 3(2). ... affected by regulation in both Western and non-Western contexts. ... us-tech-firms-shut- · down-an- ...","US","2022-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [1212,"Faculty Perspectives on Mis- and Disinformation across Disciplines","https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/download/25344/33209","Mar 5, 2022 ... The population for the study was faculty teaching in public or private nonprofit colleges and universities across disciplines in the United States. To draw a ...","US","2022-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1213,"Counterterrorism policies, measures and tools in the EU","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2022/730581/IPOL_STU(2022)730581_EN.pdf","Mar 4, 2022 ... extremist ideologies (e.g. anti-vaccine; State actors promoting disinformation, etc.) ... presented a proposal to reinforce the current rules of the Regulation (EU) ...","EU","2022-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [1214,"Optimising tobacco control campaigns within a changing media ...","https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/31/2/284.full.pdf","Mar 3, 2022 ... campaign to support Mexico City's comprehensive smoke- free law. Am J ... The great socioeconomic smoking divide: is the gap widening in Australia, and why?","Australia","2022-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [1215,"Curbing Fake News: A Qualitative Study of the Readiness of ...","https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/48357/Curbing%20Fake%20News%20A%20Qualitative%20Study%20of%20the%20Readiness%20of%20Academic%20Librarians%20in%20Ghana.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Mar 3, 2022 ... Fake news; misinformation; disinformation ... National policies/ legislation to curb fake news is seen as a window ... Can librarians save us from fake news? VICE ...","US","2022-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [1216,"Correction of scientific literature: Too little, too late!","https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001572&type=printable","Mar 3, 2022 ... ... Australia, 2 Harbers Bik LLC,. San Francisco ... legal or on the reviewers' lives). Importantly ... COVID-19 and misinformation: how an infodemic fuelled the ...","Australia","2022-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [1217,"NATO StratCom - The Role of AI in the Battle against Disinformation","https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/download/The-Role-of-AI-DIGITAL.pdf","Feb 28, 2022 ... disinformation, and briefly reflect on ongoing developments in anti-disinformation legislation in the EU. This overview will shed light on some of the tools ...","EU","2022-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [1218,"Science Communication in Support of Evidence-Based Policy-Making","https://trescaproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/D6.6-FINAL-TRESCA-Policy-Brief-inlcuding-disclaimer.pdf%22","Feb 28, 2022 ... disinformation: a European Approach. Brussels, April 2018. Online available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236. ○ EC ...","EU","2022-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [1219,"Social Media (Anti-Trolling) Bill 2022 | Law Council of Australia","https://lawcouncil.au/publicassets/6aff7226-709f-ec11-944b-005056be13b5/4182%20-%20Social%20Media%20%20Anti-Trolling%20%20Bill%202022.pdf","Feb 28, 2022 ... misinformation on social media. Consideration should be given to these issues as part of efforts to improve behaviour on social media and regulate social ...","Australia","2022-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [1220,"The Strategic Risk Register is designed to reflect threats posed to ...","https://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/downloads/05a_-_Board_Meeting_-_2022_March_16_-_Strategic_Risk_Register_Slides_-_220305a.pdf","Feb 28, 2022 ... ensure the effective implementation of food and feed law across Scotland. Effect:When law became retained EU law, FSS became legally responsible for a ...","EU","2022-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [1221,"Citizen Journalism and Media Laws and Ethics in Post Truth Era: An ...","http://jmc.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/arc/Vol3/3.1/2.pdf","Feb 26, 2022 ... The “post-truth era” is in fact a term that covers the prevalence of misinformation and fake news and the consequent unpleasant accidents and the consequent ...","EU","2022-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1222,"Factsheet 4: Types of Misinformation and Disinformation","https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Factsheet-4.pdf","Feb 26, 2022 ... Disinformation is deliberate and includes malicious content such as hoaxes, spear phishing and propaganda. It spreads fear and suspicion among the population.","US","2022-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1223,"Chapter 6 Rumors and Misinformation","https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Using-Social-Media-in-CBP-Chapter-6-Rumours-and-Misinformation.pdf","Feb 26, 2022 ... While debunking it, avoid giving it life by repeating it. For example, if the rumor is “White people have brought Ebola to Liberia to kill us”, the response ...","US","2022-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1224,"Review, Democracy and Fake News: Information Manipulation and ...","https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=secrecyandsociety","Feb 25, 2022 ... ... misinformation, fake news ... the EU code of practice on disinformation (chapter 16, pp. ... tions for media self-regulation, this conference volume is steeped in ...","EU","2022-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [1225,"Identifying Cost-effective Debunkers for Multi-stage Fake News ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.16854","Feb 25, 2022 ... ke.deng@rmit.edu.au. Xiuzhen Zhang∗. School of Computing Technologies,. RMIT University. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia xiuzhen.zhang@rmit.edu.au. ABSTRACT.","Australia","2022-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [1226,"New School Speech Regulation and Online Hate Speech: A Case ...","https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03586791/document","Feb 24, 2022 ... I offer some generalisable insights into the flaws of a globally influential regulatory model, and recommendations which could inform future national and EU.","EU","2022-02-24T00:00:00"],
    [1227,"Ethical codes of conduct in journalism: Demands for a digitalising ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1641186/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Feb 23, 2022 ... Codes of ethics are one of the most widespread instruments of (self-)regulation for journalistic activity, pointing out the best professional practices and ...","Australia","2022-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [1228,"Practices, Principles and Promises of Conflict Early Warning Systems","https://hcss.nl/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Conflict-Early-Warning-Systems-HCSS-2022.pdf","Feb 22, 2022 ... sources that are in line with government and regional regulations efforts such as the EU's. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The most important ...","EU","2022-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [1229,"Market Power Parasites: Abusing the Power of Digital Intermediaries ...","https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/assets/articlePDFs/v35/Shchory-Gal-Market-Power-Parasites.pdf","Feb 21, 2022 ... 15, 2020), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/en/TXT/?qid=1608117147218&uri=COM%3A2020%3A825%3AFIN. [https://perma.cc/UX7E-LKWL] [hereinafter DSA].","EU","2022-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [1230,"User Perceptions and Trust of Explainable Machine Learning Fake ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/19534/4009","Feb 21, 2022 ... We argue that identifying positive heuristics of fake news detection technology is critical for facilitating the diffusion of. AI-based detection systems in ...","US","2022-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [1231,"Securitization of Disinformation in NATO Lexicon: A Computational ...","https://osf.io/uxk26/download/?format=pdf","Feb 21, 2022 ... 'disinformation', 'misinformation', 'fake news', 'propaganda ... By late-2016 (US elections) 'disinformation' ... Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy.","US","2022-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [1232,"Dismantling the “Black Opticon”: Privacy, Race Equity, and Online ...","https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/F7.AllenFinalDraftWEB_6f26iyu6.pdf","Feb 20, 2022 ... Precise geolocation data.”). 170. Regulation (EU) 2016/679, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural ...","EU","2022-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [1233,"Dismantling the “Black Opticon”: Privacy, Race Equity, and Online ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3806&context=faculty_scholarship","Feb 20, 2022 ... Precise geolocation data.”). 170. Regulation (EU) 2016/679, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural ...","EU","2022-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [1234,"Fake news: Why do we believe it?","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S1297319X22000306","Feb 20, 2022 ... belonging to the Australia's premier fact-checking organisation), 24% of participants had ... suggests a regulation by the Twitter community. ... misinformation: An ...","Australia","2022-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [1235,"Fake News as a Threat to Social Resilience","https://ersj.eu/journal/2886/download/Fake+News+as+a+Threat+to+Social+Resilience.pdf","Feb 19, 2022 ... Legislation and regulations. Investment climate - the image of the state. Economic and geopolitical projects. The role of the state in the geopolitical arena.","EU","2022-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1236,"Preparing for and Mitigating Foreign Influence Operations Targeting ...","https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/cisa_insight_mitigating_foreign_influence_508.pdf","Feb 18, 2022 ... Malicious actors use influence operations, including tactics like misinformation, disinformation, and ... the U.S. and our allies, disrupt markets, and foment.","US","2022-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [1237,"Misinformation versus Facts: Understanding the Influence of News ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07435","Feb 17, 2022 ... To summarize, this work (1) quantitatively an- alyzed the effect of fake news and fact-based news on the vaccine uptake in the U.S. using the Fama-MacBeth ...","US","2022-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [1238,"Understanding the intent behind sharing misinformation on social ...","https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/files/204767810/0952813X.2021.pdf","Feb 16, 2022 ... Australia. ABSTRACT. Several studies have been ... datasets available on misinformation and fake news. ... 341–351), Montreal Convention Centre: Montreal, Canada.","Australia","2022-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [1239,"Research Article Misinformation versus Facts: Understanding the ...","https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/4faa030f-1621-43eb-a4c0-c674c1512485/PubMedCentral/4faa030f-1621-43eb-a4c0-c674c1512485.pdf","Feb 16, 2022 ... influence of both misinformation and fact-based news on Twitter on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the US from April 19 when US adults were vaccine eligible ...","US","2022-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [1240,"Content-Oblivious Trust and Safety Techniques: Results from a ...","https://www.tsjournal.org/index.php/jots/article/download/14/18","Feb 15, 2022 ... “Australia's 'abhorrent violent material' law: Shouting 'nerd harder' and ... https://www.poynter.org/ ifcn/anti-misinformation-actions/. Geiger, Christophe, and ...","Australia","2022-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1241,"Misinformation FEB2022 draft","https://pharmacy.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2740/2022/02/Misinformation-FEB2022-FINAL.pdf","Feb 15, 2022 ... Simply put, health misinformation has cost us lives. ... Confronting Health Misinformation: The U.S. Surgeon ... Legal right to refuse medical treatment in the USA.","US","2022-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1242,"POLICY BRIEF","https://cess.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/CESS-Policy-Brief_6-2022_EN.pdf","Feb 15, 2022 ... Mitevskah, '“Fake News” Sites in North Macedonia Pose as American Conservatives Ahead of U.S. ... any specific legislation targeting disinformation.","US","2022-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1243,"Identifying and mitigating bias and mis- and disinformation - CPA ...","https://www.cpacanada.ca/-/media/site/operational/rg-research-guidance-and-support/docs/02953-rg-identifying-mitigating-bias-mis-disinformation-paper3.pdf","Feb 15, 2022 ... This, in and of itself, creates a compounding impact that could make us more reliant on biases that might cloud professional judgment. ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN ...","US","2022-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1244,"Beyond the usual suspects: a taxonomy of social media regulations ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13600869.2022.2043093","Feb 14, 2022 ... pre-existing laws for a new purpose: to prevent the spread of misinformation about the ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT ... gov/law/help/fake-news ...","EU","2022-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [1245,"Assessing the Intent of Fake News Spreaders","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10358977","Feb 13, 2022 ... Human-centered computing → Social media; • Applied com- puting → Law, social and behavioral sciences; • Computing methodologies → Artificial intelligence.","US","2022-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [1246,"MisRoBÆRTa: Transformers versus Misinformation","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1648809/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Feb 12, 2022 ... methods related to misinformation and fake news detection. ... Should Regulation Be Implemented? Int. J. Environ ... Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/info/ ...","EU","2022-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [1247,"The rise of “gaslighting”: debates about disinformation on Twitter ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15405702.2022.2044042","Feb 11, 2022 ... What can the emergence of this term tell us about contemporary anxieties about political deception, and resistance to it, in the age of social media? What is ...","US","2022-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [1248,"Dismantling the “Black Opticon”: Privacy, Race Equity, and Online ...","https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/area/center/isp/documents/dismantling_the_black_opticon.pdf","Feb 10, 2022 ... In the United States, discussions of privacy and data-protection law ground the case for reform in values of individual autonomy, limited government, fairness, ...","US","2022-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [1249,"Digital Infrastructures of COVID-19 Misinformation: A New ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2022.2026795","Feb 9, 2022 ... Using accounts of existing COVID-19 misinformation infrastructures from disinfo.eu1, we selected and compared Poynter and Google Fact- check Explorer (referred ...","EU","2022-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [1250,"Australia's News Media Bargaining Code and the global turn ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/poi3.284","Feb 9, 2022 ... They are seeking to go beyond European law and adopt an Australian ... Blocking Australian news shows Facebook's pledge to fight misinformation is farcical.","Australia","2022-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [1251,"Misinformation, believability, and vaccine acceptance over 40 ...","https://research.sabanciuniv.edu/42748/1/journal.pone.0263381.pdf","Feb 9, 2022 ... Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). European Journal of Public Health. 2015; 25. (6):1053–1058 ...","EU","2022-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [1252,"Moral Emotions Shape the Virality of COVID-19 Misinformation on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.03590","Feb 8, 2022 ... behavior of others and involve a negative judgment or disapproval ... recommends masks. U.S. president. Donald Trump is diagnosed with. COVID-19. 59th U.S..","US","2022-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [1253,"Rules of engagement for handling disinformation — 2022 edition","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/14279253/KS-GQ-22-003-EN-N.pdf/d0017a54-e394-3887-d4ce-875aea0606fe?t=1643963795410","Feb 7, 2022 ... identify misinformation and disinformation ... - Implementation of EU-wide Code of Practice on Disinformation: Major online companies ... EU law and related ...","EU","2022-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [1254,"Jury Learning: Integrating Dissenting Voices into Machine Learning ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.02950","Feb 7, 2022 ... For many of our examples, we refer to a twelve person jury, which is the default jury size in the American legal system. However, the jury can be any size, if ...","US","2022-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [1255,"From Liability to Accountability","https://scholar.archive.org/work/mjgfluojnfcptpbuxyoi3y3bzq/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/jinfopoli_10_1_123.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAwowggMGBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggL3MIIC8wIBADCCAuwGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMiyTziDKcZ2xXPZPvAgEQgIICvWGGz1QHv5OJoyzDix26C8ZW7WSPaUQS-WOF03yUw0JtRzeJgyDl4wGBVBELc3PfYEzYbUx4JMqZ_07zSooinK99NekCHBHhxgwZ03jAC-6ugbxTH4REG0vRc-yfhMzoXAej9O2T3pRZYQkvFQ2bfHnxaJmrSodNQlTgS_uneb0bGT_e7q0yfFVvWVWJTkzYLaNuD0tVYKt3UoeBWlMf2kCzhg5_FjYw1dRIwUgGpsHZWLjq5d7iCuuk9-e4f-YbQIVwTOqQZ5o9W2PGfkYbpnr5hzwcLkeQ8q3PwPpzkJtdc7QHhUAhE744cF2SBW6whgcC6S_HTE1Kl8-TOIKBGpLGTxcKZs3u3ADXjSZphx1gtpr-Y23U-7smkihbT87nwRj-XkgjctnNlSpe7w9mKUYKKD8AsNNODTURAv9Ao2BUexBQxgTeUCrTRrGsijFg-yQisgYLgNs-ahQwzjb9p4QvdDyf1i0CG_Gl-FZpnn4FtT9zRf02c4NA1zn9_RSllF3daNzSRGmrHdD9Z7Y4DOGiDeZTVvOTY90bwh_1iatPE0XFcKElMoNA1lTGJxj0okAbaWxRCoADl9T_g0m63I3-4JbwNYdA-oSJqzsNeJ3udGEvpmS4D0BLpeFeOVaZSoLtC9hKBgf6CUrfdg8sQvyGC1UaYXzbuIwmeQ9FhhSlSRGqE0qYhbSbmfj0uHCf7F0ODH4A_pGw0kGFQz-L1FGWJnpEfkyqebrmrSiliEBrq0qCCLexybnXj6Sck5BKd9-Yg8orSAvaWvRI2-0toA402uArIspA_F_DxNJQ1bi1m2ZyCHeSuy-kbAvtk9RcH52iQjEKk-gUjoA7lDIXNchCzidbeDpOu48KJ_sQ8HcQ_70Lca4nLafR7ih7g4k7--wbAFXGn9dKqmTdm3AcuJoyaMne0_SEZrVDQrEW","Feb 5, 2022 ... “Cybertorts and Legal Lag: An Empirical Analysis.” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 13 (Fall 2003): 77–140. Schulze, Elizabeth. “EU Says ...","EU","2022-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [1256,"Full Fact Report 2022 - Tackling online misinformation in an open ...","https://fullfact.org/media/uploads/full-fact-report-2022.pdf","Feb 4, 2022 ... which would align the Online Safety Bill with the EU's Digital Services Act. Melanie. 99. Dawes, chief executive of Ofcom, also raised this point in evidence ...","EU","2022-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [1257,"Foreign Censorship, Part 1: Policies and Practices Affecting U.S. ...","https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub5244.pdf","Feb 4, 2022 ... also does not focus on data privacy regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation ... fake news” law, broadly defines the speech and.","EU","2022-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [1258,"“I'm Not Sure What to Believe”: Media Distrust and Opinion ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BCEC11FAF84242FE50140476F63C82E5/S000305542200003Xa.pdf/im_not_sure_what_to_believe_media_distrust_and_opinion_formation_during_the_covid19_pandemic.pdf","Feb 4, 2022 ... “How. Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the. Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the. US.” Canadian Journal of ...","US","2022-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [1259,"Information trust and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst middle ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4822&context=soss_research","Feb 3, 2022 ... Civil society responses to Singapore's online 'fake news' law. Int. J. Commun. 15 (0), 4795–4815, 0. van Tilburg, Theo, 1998. Losing and gaining in old age ...","Australia","2022-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1260,"Tightening rules on advertising and promoting vaping products","https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/consultation-paper/2022/02/tightening-rules-advertising-promoting-vaping-products-consultation-paper-2022/documents/tightening-rules-advertising-promoting-vaping-products/tightening-rules-advertising-promoting-vaping-products/govscot%3Adocument/tightening-rules-advertising-promoting-vaping-products.pdf","Feb 3, 2022 ... prescription in Australia. 8. In July 2020, the ... 20 The Tobacco and Related Products Regulations 2016 (legislation ... This will help counter significant levels ...","Australia","2022-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1261,"STRATEGIC GUIDANCE - Information Integrity: Forging a pathway ...","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-02/UNDP-Information-Integrity-Forging-a-Pathway-to-Truth-Resilience-and-Trust.pdf","Feb 3, 2022 ... Vague and unclear legal definitions of what constitutes disinformation can lead to the curtailing of legiti- mate speech. UNDP must anchor its efforts in the.","US","2022-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1262,"Disinformation and hate speech toward female sports journalists","https://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/EPI/article/download/86881/63283/294355","Feb 2, 2022 ... Indeed, one does not have to look beyond the twentieth century to see its use in Germany by Nazi officials, in the United States by the Ku Klux Klan, or during ...","US","2022-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [1263,"News Sharing Networks Expose Information Polluters on Social Media","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.00094","Jan 31, 2022 ... In this and all algorithms described below, we use α = 0.85. PageRank Trust. Aside from misinformation spreading discussed above, let us consider the ...","US","2022-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [1264,"The epistemic, production, and accountability prospects of social ...","https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/files/213839267/rvac001.pdf","Jan 29, 2022 ... collaboration with EU ... tion law (Finlex 1050/2018) based on the European Union's act (EU ... in markets and politics, but also to the 'misinformation' of other.","EU","2022-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [1265,"Combating disinformation and ensuring diversity on online platforms ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4009079_code3045292.pdf?abstractid=4009079&mirid=1","Jan 28, 2022 ... Current and proposed regulation at EU level, in particular the proposed Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA), focuses mainly on curbing ...","EU","2022-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1266,"The risk of fake controversies for Brazilian environmental policies","http://www.lagesa.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/Rajao%20et%20al%2022%20Risk%20of%20fake%20controversies%20for%20the%20environment.pdf","Jan 28, 2022 ... Evaristo de. Miranda, was part of Bolsonaro's transition team and proposed to drastically reduce law enforcement actions among other reforms that point towards ...","EU","2022-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1267,"Combating fake news, disinformation, and misinformation ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311983.2022.2037229","Jan 28, 2022 ... Data was collected during the first half of 2017 from Spain, the United States, United Kingdom, and Finland. The findings were that respondents considered poor ...","US","2022-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1268,"Accountability Principles for Artificial Intelligence (AP4AI) in the ...","https://ap4ai.eu/sites/default/files/2023-09/AP4AI_Report1_27Jan2022.pdf","Jan 27, 2022 ... identify large-scale frauds or fend-off disinformation campaigns. ... regulatory frameworks that are already ... Legislative Acts; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal ...","EU","2022-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1269,"Third Party Intervention in","https://rm.coe.int/third-party-intervention-before-the-european-court-of-human-rights-in-/1680a5527a","Jan 27, 2022 ... ... law amending the Act on Foreigners and the Act on Granting Protection ... from the EU”, report, Amnesty International, 20 December 2021. ... 34 Such actions have.","EU","2022-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1270,"Year 10-Hoaxes and Fakes-Lesson Quiz (TEACHER VERSION ...","https://hwb.gov.wales/api/storage/77d616b9-8d9f-4449-92fa-54bef3c44257/10.6%20-%20Quiz%20(teacher%20version)%20-%20English.pdf","Jan 27, 2022 ... Why is lateral reading a more effective way of determining misinformation than reading vertically (scrolling down a page)?.","US","2022-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1271,"The Scamdemic Conspiracy Theory and Twitter's Failure to ...","https://research.cbs.dk/files/70235295/0013.pdf","Jan 24, 2022 ... ... legal requirements associated with these rights. ... The different misinformation, fake news as well as ... Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/03/us/ ...","US","2022-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [1272,"Evaluating Mail-Based Security for Electoral Processes Using Attack ...","https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/evaluating-mail-voting-using-attack-trees.pdf","Jan 23, 2022 ... The Help America Vote Act of 2002 made sweeping reforms to the nation's voting processes to include voting systems and voter access (US EAC, 2018). Changes ...","US","2022-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [1273,"Regulating terrorist content on tech platforms: A proposed ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/quqwemj4tzbddfa2faszqhqkfa/access/wayback/https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa57985/Download/57985__20946__0b5865cafaee4b158cfe3fb7ef6449c9.pdf","Jan 22, 2022 ... ... regulatory approach is unlikely to be the most effective. Microsoft did not mention regulation outside of the platform voluntarily signing the EU Code of ...","EU","2022-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [1274,"The Rhetorical Implications of Social Media Misinformation: Platform ...","https://thejsms.org/index.php/JSMS/article/download/1179/607/5003","Jan 22, 2022 ... misinformation or disinformation. ... regulation (Grimes, 2020). Since social media ... However, the misinformation is subtle as she distracts us with the value-.","US","2022-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [1275,"Ensuring contestability and fairness in digital markets through ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17441056.2022.2034331","Jan 21, 2022 ... ... Act) - General ... the existing EU competition rules, or that cannot be as effectively ... orities, more systemic risks (issues of disinformation, liability, data ...","EU","2022-01-21T00:00:00"],
    [1276,"Fact-Checking the Crisis: COVID-19, Infodemics, and the ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211069048","Jan 20, 2022 ... ... us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Social Media + ... ing information pollution (misinformation, disinformation, ... Yale University Press. Gillespie, T. (2018b).","US","2022-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1277,"Simulating denial increases false memory rates for abuse unrelated ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bsl.2566","Jan 20, 2022 ... Indeed, then we might expect that false denials could lead to lower misinformation endorsement (i.e., false memories) after false denial. 1.5 | Witnessing ...","US","2022-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1278,"Truth as social practice in a digital era: iteration as persuasion","https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/0e024d68-4000-4fe1-ae23-603c3075b14a/download","Jan 19, 2022 ... Goh S, Soon C (2021) 'Singapore's fake news law. Routledge com- panion to ... Generic, Australia. Poole E, Giraud E (2019) Right-wing populism and mediated ...","Australia","2022-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [1279,"How to report misinformation","https://www.e-lactancia.org/media/papers/Mythbusters-WHO_2020.pdf","Jan 19, 2022 ... Misinformation. Mosquitoes. Older people, younger people. Shoes. Sunny and hot weather ... Contact us. Subscribe to our newsletters ... Privacy Legal Notice. © 2022 ...","US","2022-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [1280,"Is Journalistic Truth Dead? Measuring How Informed Voters Are ...","https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03533356/document","Jan 18, 2022 ... ... fake news.13. 10We adopt the U.S. definition of the “Federal Government” as being composed of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. During our ...","US","2022-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [1281,"The Many Faces Fighting Disinformation","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Manyfaces-Report-2021_EUDL_V2.pdf","Jan 17, 2022 ... The research that follows is part of our effort at the EU DisinfoLab to support these organisations, initiatives, and individuals working to counter.","EU","2022-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [1282,"An empirical study on internet-based false news stories ...","https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJADS.2022.120263","Jan 17, 2022 ... (2018) 'The marketplace of fake news', Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 20,. No. 4, pp.845–870 [online] https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jcl/vol20/iss4/3.","Australia","2022-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [1283,"UPADM-GP 101 The Politics of Public Policy Spring 2022","https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/syllabi/202201/UPADM-GP.101.002.pdf","Jan 17, 2022 ... We will also look at how 24-hour news coverage, online media, and misinformation sway public opinion and policy. ... 2021 was pivotal year for abortion laws in ...","US","2022-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [1284,"Case law for policy making: an overview of ECtHR principles when ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Case-law-for-policy-making-Report-2022.pdf","Jan 15, 2022 ... In the last few years, different EU and national authorities have been developing policies aimed at tackling the phenomena of disinformation, misinformation ...","EU","2022-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [1285,"Responses to digital disinformation as part of hybrid threats: a ...","https://euhybnet.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/URJC-JRC-Article-Responses-to-Digital-Disinformation.pdf","Jan 13, 2022 ... ... European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 883054 (project EU-HYBNET). The funders had no role in study ...","EU","2022-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1286,"Conspiracy Narratives: Current State and Future Expectations for P ...","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-01/ran_paper_c-n_conspiracy_narratives_16-17112021_en.pdf","Jan 13, 2022 ... Organise a meeting to further explore the legal framework around dealing with misinformation and disinformation and conspiracy narratives in different EU ...","EU","2022-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1287,"Responses to digital disinformation as part of hybrid threats: a ...","https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/bitstream/handle/10115/27151/AP5-Manuel-Gertrudix-52095143M.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 13, 2022 ... Melbourne, Australia, Tarma. Software Research Pty Limited. ... McGregor SC, Molyneux L: Twitter's influence on news judgment: An experiment among journalists.","Australia","2022-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1288,"Populist Gullibility: Conspiracy Theories, News Credibility, Bullshit ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pops.12802","Jan 12, 2022 ... ... European Union (EU) countries. Studies 2 and. 3 ... Conspiracy & populism: The politics of misinformation. ... Judgment and Decision Making, 10, 549– 563.","EU","2022-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [1289,"The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance ...","https://www.emc-lab.org/uploads/1/1/3/6/113627673/ecker.2022.nrp_preprint.pdf","Jan 12, 2022 ... acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (Future Fellowship FT190100708); S.L. acknowledges support from the. Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ...","Australia","2022-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [1290,"US Media Literacy Policy Update 2021","https://medialiteracynow.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/MediaLiteracyPolicyUpdate2021.pdf","Jan 12, 2022 ... The following analysis is based solely on statutory law, not regulatory or administrative actions, which are beyond the scope of this report. Such statutory law ...","US","2022-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [1291,"PROTECTING THE INTEGRITY OF GOVERNMENT SCIENCE","https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/01-22-Protecting_the_Integrity_of_Government_Science.pdf","Jan 11, 2022 ... 21 The Whistleblower Protection Act, Public Law 101-12, protects Federal employees who disclose illegal activities, or instances of fraud, waste, and abuse ...","US","2022-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [1292,"THE SIREN CALL OF CONTENT MODERATION FORMALISM","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4005314_code2768047.pdf?abstractid=4005314&mirid=1","Jan 10, 2022 ... GUARDIAN, http://www.theguardian.com/australia ... labelling posts that contain misinformation ... These all seem at odds with fundamental principles of the rule of ...","Australia","2022-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [1293,"Liar's war: Protecting civilians from disinformation during armed ...","https://library.icrc.org/library/docs/DOC/irrc-914-katz.pdf","Jan 10, 2022 ... Eian Katz is a Legal Adviser at the American Bar Association's ... Misinformation and Humanitarian Action”, Humanitarian Law ... , Initiatives to Counter Fake News: ...","US","2022-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [1294,"PADM-GP 4152 Ethics, Public Policy and Emerging Technology ...","https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/syllabi/202201/PADM-GP.4152.001.pdf","Jan 7, 2022 ... [Optional] Stapleton, A., “Machines that Speak and Write will make Misinformation Worse”, HBR, ... [Optional] Ghosh, D., “What Will Tech Regulation Look Like in ...","US","2022-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [1295,"Prioritizing Achievable Federal Election Reform","https://bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/AchievableFederalElectionReformV2.pdf","Jan 6, 2022 ... Federal election legislation, while rare, has a long track record of being bipartisan. For as much attention as members of Congress and the public have paid to ...","US","2022-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [1296,"Monopolizing Digital Commerce","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3772&context=faculty_scholarship","Jan 5, 2022 ... For some of the ambiguity at the time the Sherman Act was passed, see the discussion of the Act's legislative history in Edward ... pedaling misinformation. On ...","EU","2022-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [1297,"How COVID-19 affects the use of evidence informed policymaking ...","https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/71231/1/Bastani%20et%20al.%202022.pdf","Jan 5, 2022 ... ... regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain ... coming misinformation; and facilitating common plat-.","Australia","2022-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [1298,"Navigating the Internetâ•Žs Information Cesspool, Fake News and ...","https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1387&context=uoplawreview","Jan 2, 2022 ... 27, 2021) (reporting seventy-two percent of U.S. adults use social media and how social media is self-regulating). Page 5. University of the Pacific Law Review ...","US","2022-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [1299,"SCIENCE IN SOCIETY - The Struggle against Cancer Misinformation","https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article-pdf/12/1/26/3020024/26.pdf","Jan 2, 2022 ... Conspiracy theories about a hidden cure for cancer are rife both online and off. An astounding 37% of the American public surveyed in 2014 believed that the FDA ...","US","2022-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [1300,"Combatting disinformation with crisis communication: An analysis of ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/commun-2022-0101/pdf","Jan 1, 2022 ... Examples of this type of law include the 2018 Code of Practice on Disinformation and its 2022 enhancement (European Commission, 2022) and the DSA approved by EU ...","EU","2022-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [1301,"Monetary Policy Communication: Perspectives from Former Policy ...","https://www.centralbank.ie/docs/default-source/publications/research-technical-papers/monetary-policy-communication-perspectives-from-former-policy-makers-at-ecb.pdf?sfvrsn=5","Jan 1, 2022 ... Kedan: European Central Bank, Danielle.Kedan@ecb.europa.eu. ... All respondent groups are in agreement on this, as shown by the test results reported in the.","EU","2022-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [1302,"gm's code of conduct - winning with integrity","https://investor.gm.com/static-files/b592cf3f-b346-4827-8906-cfdff4d8ffa9","Jan 1, 2022 ... If you are outside of the United States, please contact local Legal Staff for guidance as local laws may differ from those in the U.S. ... this misinformation? A– ...","US","2022-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [1303,"Liar's war: Protecting civilians from disinformation during armed ...","https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/reviews-pdf/2021-12/protecting-civilians-from-disinformation-during-armed-conflict-914.pdf","Dec 31, 2021 ... Eian Katz is a Legal Adviser at the American Bar Association's ... Misinformation and Humanitarian Action”, Humanitarian Law ... , Initiatives to Counter Fake News: ...","US","2021-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [1304,"CREATING A PUBLIC HEALTH DISINFORMATION EXCEPTION TO ...","https://lawreview.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/1255-1335-Rustad-Koenig.pdf","Dec 29, 2021 ... Our CDA Section 230 reform will harmonize U.S. online intermediary law with the European Union's Directive on Electronic. Commerce, which will shortly be ...","EU","2021-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [1305,"Thematic Patterns of Disinformation about COVID-19: The Framing ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/journalmedia/journalmedia-03-00003/article_deploy/journalmedia-03-00003.pdf?version=1640867317","Dec 30, 2021 ... fake news (manipulation and misinformation) ... FAKE that Bill Gates finances non-liquid vaccine ... arrested in a market in Australia after spitting on bananas” and ...","Australia","2021-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [1306,"Building Comprehensive Approaches to Combating Disinformation ...","https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Combating-Disinformation-in-Illiberal-Settings-Insights-from-the-Philippines-Jonathan-Corpus-Ong.pdf","Dec 29, 2021 ... In recent years, illiberal and authoritarian leaders across the globe have attacked democratic institutions, intensified censorship laws, and demonized ...","US","2021-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [1307,"Building Comprehensive Approaches to Combating Disinformation ...","https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=communication_faculty_pubs","Dec 29, 2021 ... In recent years, illiberal and authoritarian leaders across the globe have attacked democratic institutions, intensified censorship laws, and demonized ...","US","2021-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [1308,"NOFO Journalist training on Misinformation V6 110221.docx","https://cd.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/160/NOFO-Journalist-training-on-Misinformation-V6-110221.docx-2.pdf","Dec 28, 2021 ... The U.S. Embassy Kinshasa / Africa Bureau of the U.S. Department of State announces an open competition for organizations to submit applications to carry out a ...","US","2021-12-28T00:00:00"],
    [1309,"Hoax and Fake News by Saracen Syndicate and the Problems for ...","https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/counterterrorism/article/download/56732/21657","Dec 28, 2021 ... 1 (2007): 3-15; Stein Schjolberg, \"The history of global harmonization on cybercrime legislation‒the road to geneva.\" Journal of. International Commercial Law ...","US","2021-12-28T00:00:00"],
    [1310,"Dictating the Internet: Curtailing Free Expression and Information ...","https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ICJ-Dictating-the-Internet_Cambodia_Engl.pdf","Dec 25, 2021 ... as an enforcement of the rules of law … upholding ... that: (i) they remove misinformation from Facebook technologies when “misinformation has the potential to ...","Australia","2021-12-25T00:00:00"],
    [1311,"The Effects of Fake News on Consumers' Brand Trust: An ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/OBATEO-2","Dec 24, 2021 ... These ambivalent reactions give us good reason to assess whether consumers' exposure to negative fake news influences their trust in interna- tional food brands ...","US","2021-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [1312,"Perception of “Fake News” and Potentially Manipulative Content in ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/societies/societies-12-00003/article_deploy/societies-12-00003.pdf?version=1640341717","Dec 24, 2021 ... “Reveal Image Verification Assistant”, “HackerFactor”. 6. In order for us to demistify “fake news ... fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy ...","US","2021-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [1313,"Fake News Going Viral: The Mediating Effect Of Negative Emotions","https://www.mlar.sk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/4_Corbu.pdf","Dec 23, 2021 ... et al.: Countries Have More than 100 Laws on the Books to Combat Misinformation. How Well Do They Work? In Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2021, Vol. 77,. No ...","EU","2021-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [1314,"Dialogical teaching of research integrity: an overview of selected ...","https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/facets-2021-0045","Dec 23, 2021 ... ... law, academic pol- icies, current ... Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news. ... 1 EU Horizon 2020 Path2Integrity project, Grant agreement No 824488.","EU","2021-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [1315,"Statement of Strategy 2023 - 2025","https://assets.gov.ie/276292/895d164a-3dab-4f81-acac-3a93f11562ce.pdf","Dec 22, 2021 ... Inclusion of Ireland's policy priorities in EU legislation and programmes. ... tackle Disinformation. • Implementation of the ... Counter Disinformation. Strategy ...","EU","2021-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [1316,"Artificial Intelligence as Evidence","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1349&context=njtip","Dec 21, 2021 ... legal research inquiries,110 for legal brief analytics,111 for drafting of legal ... EU.213. While an extended discussion of the GDPR ... Fake evidence is becoming ...","EU","2021-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [1317,"North America's Imperative: How to Strengthen Deterrence by Denial","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/SSQ/documents/Volume-15_Issue-4/D-Charron.pdf","Dec 21, 2021 ... For example, while NORAD can warn of a maritime threat to North America, the US Navy and Royal. Canadian Navy operate unilaterally and bilaterally and under US- ...","US","2021-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [1318,"People Lie, Actions Don't! Modeling Infodemic Proliferation ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.11955","Dec 20, 2021 ... Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy interventions. ... Makse, “Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US ...","US","2021-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [1319,"Digital democracy | Internet Policy Review","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2021-4-1612.pdf","Dec 20, 2021 ... As a normative concept, it enables us to think about ... Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power. Digital ... Law And Borders—The Rise of Law in Cyberspace.","US","2021-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [1320,"Detecting and reporting corruption in sport","https://www.unodc.org/res/safeguardingsport/grcs/section-4_html/SPORTS_CORRUPTION_2021_S4.pdf","Dec 17, 2021 ... to the sustained spread of disinformation. This ... act as a potential hurdle to law enforcement involvement. ... European Union. Directive 2019/1937 of the ...","EU","2021-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [1321,"Lies and presidential debates: How political misinformation spread ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/haber_lies_and_presidential_debates_20211217.pdf","Dec 17, 2021 ... Finding 1: Personal attacks on Biden and election integrity were the predominant misinformation-related topics across media streams after the 2020 U.S. ...","US","2021-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [1322,"Algorithms and Disinformation","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/5/508301.pdf","Dec 16, 2021 ... conspiracy theories and disinformation. - ISD ... All candidates were targets of disinformation, conspiracy ... What next? I. Opportunities for regulation:.","Australia","2021-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [1323,"Digital Technology, Politics, and Policy-Making* | Fabrizio Gilardi","https://www.fabriziogilardi.org/resources/papers/Digital-Technology-Politics-Policy-Making.pdf","Dec 16, 2021 ... For example, policy-makers may emphasize curbing “fake news” while there is still no agreement in the research community about its effects on political outcomes ...","Australia","2021-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [1324,"Automated Evidence Collection for Fake News Detection","https://aclanthology.org/2021.icon-main.55.pdf","Dec 16, 2021 ... Fake news, misinformation, and unverifiable ... and consume content without any regulation, in. 1 ... the claim, and en represents evidence gathered us- ing our ...","US","2021-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [1325,"A comparison of prebunking and debunking interventions for implied ...","https://mark-hurlstone.github.io/THKE.22.BJP.pdf","Dec 15, 2021 ... Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 2Department ... Warn about misinformation. '…, misinformation from fake experts and anecdotes has been circulating, ... of Law, ...","Australia","2021-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [1326,"COUNTERING DISINFORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES","https://www.hsdl.org/c/view?docid=863779","Dec 15, 2021 ... 159 But no regulation currently requires domestic media companies to disclose their ownership, and as a result American news consumers often lack reliable ...","Australia","2021-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [1327,"Configuring Fakes: Digitized Bodies, the Politics of Evidence, and ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211062919","Dec 15, 2021 ... A regulatory and legal policy can press technology companies for effective refutation strategies for those who are most disadvantaged in the online environment.","Australia","2021-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [1328,"Report - A Lie Can Travel: Election Disinformation in the United ...","https://cdt.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/2021-12-13-CDT-KAS-A-Lie-Can-Travel-Election-Disinformation-in-United-States-Brazil-France.pdf","Dec 15, 2021 ... considering legislation aimed at addressing disinformation. > The contrast between the impact of disinformation in the United States and Brazil versus France ...","US","2021-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [1329,"Lessons for Regulating Campaigning on Social Media","https://www.eods.eu/library/IFES_2021_LessonsRegulatingCampaigningSocialMedia.pdf","Dec 15, 2021 ... Conclusion: What do these cases tell us about ... laws and regulations ... As more jurisdictions adopt legislation to combat the corrosive impact of misinformation ...","US","2021-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [1330,"Handling consent refusal by people presenting for vaccination","https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2021/12/covid-19-vaccinations---handling-consent-refusal-by-people-presenting-for-vaccination-handling-consent-refusal-by-people-presenting-for-vaccination.pdf","Dec 14, 2021 ... misinformation. Can I vaccinate a patient if they ... • The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation has released ... It is against the law for me to ...","Australia","2021-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [1331,"Proposed rule: Prohibition Against Fraud, Manipulation, or ...","https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/proposed/2021/34-93784.pdf","Dec 15, 2021 ... Federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. ... vehicle, or other legal person organized, incorporated, or established under the laws of the ...","US","2021-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [1332,"Key risks posed by social media to democracy","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2021/698845/EPRS_IDA(2021)698845_EN.pdf","Dec 13, 2021 ... The EU already has laws and policies in place to tackle many of the social media risks to democracy. (for example, strong data protection rules) and is ...","EU","2021-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [1333,"Digital regulation: joined-up and accountable","https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/8186/documents/83794/default/","Dec 13, 2021 ... An expert on internet law and regulation explains ... disinformation, and the implications of AI for economic productivity and ... The EU is clearly one. The United ...","EU","2021-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [1334,"Automated Evidence Collection for Fake News Detection","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.06507","Dec 13, 2021 ... In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language. Technologies, Volume 1 ( ...","US","2021-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [1335,"Montenegro, China, and the Media: A Highway to Disinformation?","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/248248/1/sais-cari-bp07.pdf","Dec 10, 2021 ... As an example, in France Eximbank case law has recognized that the State (and its agencies) could be made accountable for their contractual engagements in ...","EU","2021-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [1336,"Individual Differences in Belief in Fake News about Election Fraud ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/234e/28956ed44d0d340acc8cceb337df8b2095ad.pdf","Dec 10, 2021 ... Several factors have been identified that relate to belief in false headlines in contexts other than the 2020 U.S. election. The political ideology of ...","US","2021-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [1337,"A systematic review on fake news research through the lens of news ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0260080&type=printable","Dec 9, 2021 ... ... fake news sources through laws and regulations. ... misinformation. One possible ... Disinformation and lies are spreading faster than Australia's bushfires.","Australia","2021-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [1338,"How do you solve a problem like misinformation?","https://jevinwest.org/papers/Calo2021ScienceAdvances.pdf","Dec 8, 2021 ... Understanding key distinctions between misinformation/disinformation, speech/action, and mistaken belief/ ... Yet, neither the Con- stitution nor federal law ...","EU","2021-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [1339,"Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.04359","Dec 8, 2021 ... Misinformation can cause harm in sensitive domains, such as bad legal or medical advice. Poor or false information may also lead users to perform unethical or ...","US","2021-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [1340,"CONSPIRACY NARRATIVES & DISINFORMATION","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/spotlight_on_conspiracy_narratives_disinformation_122021_en.pdf","Dec 6, 2021 ... He is a member of the EU Commission's Radicalisation Awareness. Network (RAN) Expert Pool and cooperates with the RAN Policy Support as an expert on violent ...","EU","2021-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [1341,"Exploring the concept of Gendered Disinformation","https://www.intgovforum.org/en/filedepot_download/62/20661","Dec 6, 2021 ... For example, if interested in the European Union politics, EU Fact Check looks at the accuracy of political statements made about current issues. 2. If ...","EU","2021-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [1342,"State-aligned misogynistic disinformation on Arabic Twitter: The ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2020-0126/pdf","Dec 5, 2021 ... Online, someone in Saudi Arabia can send abuse to someone in Qatar or Australia, and vice versa. Cultures of misogyny are not neatly contained within ...","Australia","2021-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [1343,"Talking to Trolls—How Users Respond to a Coordinated Information ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/x7wyttsxrbbkdhosr6mrim5x6y/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/zmab022.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsgwggLEBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggK1MIICsQIBADCCAqoGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMvaxCwGuccBohnNtFAgEQgIICe2YKP6HYwAb4p4ZE8tyJR4KF45oNg8w83_6gdkJ5Os3pmnEHHbyWmWIcynQ6VuKIEPHrskhmy3j5ZTvCGZxvYwELFo_mDvQJLd90u7WvPiE_PoCC4nzqhMwYA6_MPgLPo6_7OuluC_Vw1wYxUa_amZU2_dYeK6U8YxicSADqsYfZKG9ZvmjNekqGnZAUCpymznw2p2cKCHuKloofYw-_i3I2JoFIKginOgTnvP83uRqcPrNAUpunhqQoDOacoHn1WC4Q0tO8y2LL9DvwGykH0MEP5LzUV8YXPTpQM_JJaW3y7DZAJ89HRSgZ-pNOPiojVK8situ_XRcMfaiBEmP4qTHR_g7BOcKl0DuhFu7i1W5RCwHS0DzqbNSUm7LwLjEykNlrXnErm2Y9cOezvFTy8saSypWPFicZHISduB9j4SiaS2tsL0mUybjveYl5NwgKCqxjETJ3ejoToJCl1YYR9usykJd5GlRq-o0Cqv_T2XyEItbCae6jifJxClbhCqu8WVrQTEEG8WDacP30jBAzR9MxsVhwUMP8yuvnTdxwR9WSVFKe7f5I6YZMZZ0SK5HwfMDSFf2YYb0RGd_UKu6stYZzB9Hct9xlwCAnGDC3uCfrMbUWvrgWcHUsH25f-D0K5uTlZpqP38nuM5yWwdCoWJHnca1E68w_1UOXLw1171ZAiTgPjb64X3ycWNQN9KlN_CSCmBG5t37QmBsEajs6tWUgxFfLHTHnOSzurKAB1Ruxm4p6jSjhzAwXYYgrddwcGe09SnpqLS0k20jbwbYcywTrKOnWTFRyZcyhT3cFN9nyl9z41zAEU0bhcvUhTN0oTWDhCUdOWMmT5E-D","Dec 4, 2021 ... Operations targeting U.S. ... Russian Twitter disinformation campaigns reach across the American ... Attitude and attitude change: The social judgment-involvement ...","US","2021-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [1344,"Rulemaking Petition to Prohibit Surveillance Advertising","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/attachments/other-applications-petitions-requests/r207005_-_petition_for_rule_to_prohibit_surveillance_advertising_0.pdf","Dec 3, 2021 ... ... Regulation (EU) 2016/679.); see also rule language based on the definition of “cross-context behavioral advertising” from the California Privacy. Rights Act ...","EU","2021-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [1345,"Learning lessons from the regulation of unfair commercial practices ...","https://www.jipitec.eu/archive/issues/jipitec-12-3-2021/5338/helberger_pdf.pdf","Dec 3, 2021 ... disinformation, and in that context also with online political microtargeting on social media platforms, is the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation: a co-.","EU","2021-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [1346,"The misuse of social media platforms and other communication ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2021/653658/EXPO_IDA(2021)653658_EN.pdf","Dec 1, 2021 ... established in EU legal and policy frameworks, although these too are still developing8. ... disinformation and misinformation ... agency for countering ...","EU","2021-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [1347,"CSET - AI and the Future of Disinformation Campaigns-Part 2","https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-AI-and-the-Future-of-Disinformation-Campaigns-Part-2.pdf","Dec 1, 2021 ... However, this future might not be altogether disruptive if societies act now. Mitigating and countering disinformation is a. Page 3. Center for Security and ...","EU","2021-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [1348,"CSET - AI and the Future of Disinformation Campaigns","https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/CSET-AI-and-the-Future-of-Disinformation-Campaigns.pdf","Dec 1, 2021 ... political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for election law and administration,” Journal of.","US","2021-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [1349,"Transparency in lobbying activities | OECD iLibrary","https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/transparency-in-lobbying-activities_594feaa8-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fcomponent%2F594feaa8-en&mimeType=pdf","Nov 30, 2021 ... only eight oecD countries have transparency tools that enable stakeholders to identify the specific piece of legislation, regulation or decision that was.","Australia","2021-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [1350,"“TRUST ME” | News Literacy Project","https://newslit.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Trust-Me-Companion-Guide_Collegiate_Nov2021.pdf","Nov 30, 2021 ... Misinformation is all around us, and it has real-world consequences. In today's information landscape where anyone can publish almost anything, who — and.","US","2021-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [1351,"The Awareness Of Fake News Phenomenon Through Information ...","https://ir.uitm.edu.my/54577/1/54577.pdf","Nov 30, 2021 ... Compare to misinformation ... transmission of fake news (U.S Embassy in Kenya, 2018). ... Despite of all the approaches in terms of legislation and technology to ...","US","2021-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [1352,"Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals","http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/490/1/35.pdf.pdf","Nov 28, 2021 ... ... Australia since the Late 1980s. 137. Garry D ... Legal Outcomes Arising from the HIH Collapse. 152 ... misinformation in order to increase the value of the ...","Australia","2021-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [1353,"Echoes of covid misinformation","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d9bfac1-8e0f-4ff4-a160-9d9c46520edd/files/r6m311q05f","Nov 27, 2021 ... Suppose you and I share an echo chamber. Your confidence in a belief may rise because I express support for it, but your subsequent agreement may lead me to ...","Australia","2021-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [1354,"Misperceptions and Fake News During the COVID-19 Pandemic","https://congress-files.s3.amazonaws.com/2021-11/Fake_News_and_Misperceptions_During_a_Global_Pandemic%20%282%29.pdf","Nov 27, 2021 ... “The Not-So-Common-Wealth of Australia: Evidence for a ... “Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news”. ... Country's parliament / The legal system / The ...","Australia","2021-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [1355,"Viral cartographies and fake maps on social media platforms ...","https://www.periodicos.rc.biblioteca.unesp.br/index.php/educacao/article/download/17323/12836/92077","Nov 27, 2021 ... • Legal systems around the world. • River map of the USA ... with Australia. • Fatalities from texting and driving in 1960 ... that misinformation and ...","Australia","2021-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [1356,"Spread of Misinformation in Social Networks: Analysis Based on ...","https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/7999760.pdf","Nov 26, 2021 ... By analyzing a certain amount of text data, we can try to reveal the evolution law of emotions on social media. For example, a study combined with network ...","US","2021-11-26T00:00:00"],
    [1357,"Towards new rules on transparency and targeting of political ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733592/EPRS_BRI(2022)733592_EN.pdf","Nov 25, 2021 ... ... Regulation (EU) 2016/679(GDPR) and the EU ... disinformation and foreign interference campaigns in the EU's electoral processes. ... The 'EU Legislation in Progress ...","EU","2021-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [1358,"Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust","https://machmb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vaccine-confidence_-the-keys-to-restoring-trust.pdf","Nov 24, 2021 ... What is new? ○ Loss of trust is a key determinant to low vaccine confidence. ○ Misinformation and misconceptions about vaccine safety, about diseases and ...","Australia","2021-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [1359,"POL211H1F: Intelligence, Deception, and Disinformation ...","https://politics.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/syllabus/2122_pol211h1f_l0101.pdf","Nov 24, 2021 ... Magazine, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/08/magazine/us-russia-intelligence.html. ... readings, or discuss topics that are against the law in other jurisdictions ...","US","2021-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [1360,"POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ON TACKLING DISINFORMATION ...","https://dq4n3btxmr8c9.cloudfront.net/files/r7XxJ_/Policy_Recommendations_on_Tackling_Disinformation_Online_cover_1.pdf","Nov 22, 2021 ... The European Union should establish mini- mum safeguards for users' default settings to require an “opt-in” to personalised con- tent recommendations systems ...","EU","2021-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [1361,"Review essay: fake news, and online misinformation and ...","https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/221381546/Review_essay_fake_news_and_online_misinformation_and_disinformation.pdf","Nov 22, 2021 ... This cultivated an environment in which regulation was pared back and any attempt to stem the tide of information flowing through cyberspace was deemed to be ...","EU","2021-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [1362,"TwitterTs Fake News Discourses Around Climate Change and ...","https://summit.sfu.ca/_flysystem/fedora/2022-08/input_data/21596/fcomm-06-729818.pdf","Nov 22, 2021 ... misinformation and disinformation. ... regulation in general. In this category, the ... efforts can be drowned in a sea of social media disinformation can help us ...","US","2021-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [1363,"State Responsibility for International Law Violations Involving Non ...","https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/107450/1/28834464_MADDOCKS_Thesis.pdf","Nov 21, 2021 ... Frequently, however, non-state actors (NSA) in receipt of state support act in a manner that potentially violates international law. ... Australia Limited v The ...","Australia","2021-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [1364,"Fooled twice: People cannot detect deepfakes but think they can","https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(21)01335-3.pdf","Nov 19, 2021 ... Extensive research in judgment ... Research in the adjacent field of misinformation has shown that the belief in fake news often stems from ... Australia, 2.4% from ...","Australia","2021-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [1365,"\"Malicious Deepfakes\" - How California's A.B. 730 Tries (and Fails ...","https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3124&context=llr","Nov 18, 2021 ... E.U. and U.S. Legal Systems, 70 SYRACUSE L. REV ... the regulation of elections, and stopping the spread of misinformation. ... fake news.” Strong legislation ...","EU","2021-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [1366,"Political Microtargeting and Online Privacy: A Theoretical Approach ...","https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/download/4085/2372","Nov 18, 2021 ... Users recall that social media platforms must adhere to social and legal norms ensuring that their personal data is used only in an acceptable, non‐invasive way ...","EU","2021-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [1367,"Taking Corrective Action When Exposed to Fake News: The Role of ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=jmle-preprints","Nov 18, 2021 ... The rise of social media and its lax content regulation have facilitated a dynamic environment where mis- and disinformation are spread. However, social media ...","US","2021-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [1368,"Misinformation effects in an online sample: results of an ...","https://peerj.com/articles/12299.pdf","Nov 18, 2021 ... Misinformation effects can be established in an online experiment using candid violent viral-style video stimuli. Subjects Psychiatry and Psychology, Legal ...","US","2021-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [1369,"Echoes of covid misinformation","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09515089.2021.2009452","Nov 17, 2021 ... Echoes of covid misinformation. Neil Levy. Department ... Australia and many other countries besides. Views ... Judgment and Decision Making, 10, 18. Douglas, H ...","Australia","2021-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [1370,"Views of healthcare consumer representatives on defensive practice ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/hex.13395","Nov 16, 2021 ... 1Faculty of Law, Law Health Justice Research ... ulation of sources of health misinformation. ... Paper presented at: Choosing. Wisely Australia National Meeting; ...","Australia","2021-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [1371,"How Systemic Bias Distorts U.S. Legal and Regulatory Responses ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1663&context=faculty-articles","Nov 16, 2021 ... -over-toilet-paper-during-coronavirus-panic-buying-in-australia/ [https://perma.cc/54TR-7AE3]. No. 2]1. 615. Page 21. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW stocks ...","Australia","2021-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [1372,"Platform Realism, Informational Inequality, and Section 230 Reform","https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/F7.SylvainFinalDraftWEB_q4ox1veq.pdf","Nov 16, 2021 ... would lose their competitive edge if the United States imposes legal constraints on what internet companies can develop or sell.67 abridgment of speech ...","US","2021-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [1373,"Platform Realism, Informational Inequality, and Section 230 Reform","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2209&context=faculty_scholarship","Nov 16, 2021 ... would lose their competitive edge if the United States imposes legal constraints on what internet companies can develop or sell.67 abridgment of speech ...","US","2021-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [1374,"Monitoring Online Political Advertising: A Toolkit The Carter Center ...","https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/democracy/political-advertising-monitoring-toolkit.pdf","Nov 15, 2021 ... Once the analysis of the applicable legal framework and social media platform policies is done, the dedicated core team member or monitor must identify the ...","EU","2021-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [1375,"Response to the Basic Online Safety Expectations","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/bose-meta.pdf","Nov 15, 2021 ... We have supported the enhancement of Australia's online safety laws via the Online. Safety Act. Meta has been calling for new rules for the internet ...","Australia","2021-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [1376,"online attacks against journalists: Know Your Rights","https://newssafety.org/media/resources/pdf/trf_kyr_guide_oct_2021_v8pdf.pdf","Nov 15, 2021 ... of online disinformation or misinformation, which ... Judgments Act 1991 (Cth), the corresponding regulations, the ... South. Australia. Criminal Law Consolidation ...","Australia","2021-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [1377,"Bad Actors in News Reporting: Tracking News Manipulation by State ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA100/RRA112-21/RAND_RRA112-21.pdf","Nov 15, 2021 ... labeled as disinformation, misinformation, fake news, and ... Australia, and the Middle East. Of particular ... This document and trademark(s) contained herein are ...","Australia","2021-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [1378,"Is Social Media Spreading Misinformation on Exercise and Health in ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bff3/05a98ce535197423448d36f14c358e05d249.pdf","Nov 13, 2021 ... Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora,. Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; meireles726@gmail.com (A.M.); ...","US","2021-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [1379,"Correction format has a limited role when debunking misinformation","https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/309144435/Swire21.pdf","Nov 11, 2021 ... regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will ... Misinformation text The misinformation text was an ... E. U. (2011). Asymmetric discounting of gains and ...","EU","2021-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [1380,"Mitigation of Diachronic Bias in Fake News Detection Dataset","https://aclanthology.org/2021.wnut-1.21.pdf","Nov 11, 2021 ... sult in a biased judgment from the input, based on ... An exploratory study of covid-. 19 misinformation ... 18 states including US UK and Australia request PM Modi ...","Australia","2021-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [1381,"We Have to Tell Them What?: The New Corporate Transparency Act ...","https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3181&context=facpubs","Nov 10, 2021 ... The CTA limits access to the personal information in the database to: o Any federal agency engaged in national security, intelligence, or law enforcement ...","US","2021-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [1382,"SOCIAL MEDIA FAILS WOMEN Transforming social media policies ...","https://weareultraviolet.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Social-media-fails-women.pdf","Nov 10, 2021 ... U.S. Capitol have a history of abusing women ... intervention through regulation ... Remove and monitor, in content and comments, misinformation and disinformation ...","US","2021-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [1383,"Silenced and misinformed: Freedom of expression in danger during ...","https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/POL3047512021ENGLISH.pdf","Nov 9, 2021 ... misinformation and disinformation ... Anti-“fake news” legislation already existed in ... 166 See Amnesty International's position on the EU's proposed Digital ...","EU","2021-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [1384,"State of Social Media Regulation: Misinformation, Exploitation ...","https://sjud.senate.ca.gov/sites/sjud.senate.ca.gov/files/social_media_november_9_2021_sjud_hearing_background_paper.pdf","Nov 9, 2021 ... 20. 63 Id. at pp. 20-25. 64 Keller, The Right Tools: Europe's Intermediary Liability Laws and the EU 2016 General Data Protection. Regulation, 33 Berkeley Tech.","EU","2021-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [1385,"IMPROVING SOCIETAL RESILIENCE TO DISINFORMATION","https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/download/Disinformation-in-Democracies-DIGITAL.pdf","Nov 9, 2021 ... The EU's Challenges and Prospects in the EU report20 reinforces this argument, ... counter-dis/misinformation ... but emotion regulation does not seem to help', ...","EU","2021-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [1386,"How African countries respond to fake news and hate speech","https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2992004/document.pdf?sequence=1","Nov 9, 2021 ... First, our approach using news coverage of African countries enabled us to assess the public discourse surrounding the regulation of fake news and hate speech.","US","2021-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [1387,"Fighting disinformation: Japan's unique situation and the future of ...","https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/mli-files/pdf/202110_Fighting_disinformation_Kyoko_COMMENTARY_FWeb.pdf","Nov 6, 2021 ... Disinformation does not include inadvertent misinformation ... europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX ... Available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/ ...","EU","2021-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [1388,"Slanted and Self-Serving Media","https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/resrep16793.11","Nov 6, 2021 ... US vulnerability to fake news trafficked in the digital commons. A report on the Kremlin's disinformation campaign found that its goal “is not necessarily ...","US","2021-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [1389,"The Battlefield of the Media: Reporting Terrorism in Conditions of ...","https://www.icct.nl/sites/default/files/2022-12/The_Battlefield_of_Media_SynthesisReport2-2.pdf","Nov 5, 2021 ... Citizen journalists in countries affected by terrorism should be supported by training and potentially funding, and international donors (such as the EU) should ...","EU","2021-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [1390,"Dataset of Fake News Detection and Fact Verification: A Survey","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.03299","Nov 5, 2021 ... judgment of existing fact-checking sites. Fact ... fake news among the US entertainment and celebrity ... Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social ...","US","2021-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [1391,"The perils of legally defining disinformation | Internet Policy Review","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2021-4-1584.pdf","Nov 4, 2021 ... Keywords: Disinformation, EU law, EU legislation, Freedom of expression, Platforms. Abstract: EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content ...","EU","2021-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [1392,"Information for Employees on Penalties for False Statements and ...","https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA4157.pdf","Nov 4, 2021 ... the executive, legislative, or judicial ... consider referrals to the US Department of Justice ... However, this Fact Sheet is not itself a standard or regulation, ...","US","2021-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [1393,"Media Consolidation & Political Polarization: Reviewing the National ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5895&context=flr","Nov 4, 2021 ... United States, 250 U.S. ... of widespread misinformation and disinformation suggests that the belief that ... FCC, 395 U.S. 367, 400–01 (1969) (finding more ...","US","2021-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [1394,"Disinformation, social media, bots, and astroturfing: the fourth wave ...","https://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/EPI/article/download/86730/63050/289810","Nov 3, 2021 ... Kneuer (2016) identifies three dimen- sions of democratic quality essential to any analysis: “(1) the dimension of civic and political rights and rule of law, ...","EU","2021-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [1395,"Meta-learning for fake news detection surrounding the Syrian war","https://www.cell.com/patterns/pdfExtended/S2666-3899(21)00231-2","Nov 3, 2021 ... in judgment. A substantial number of automated ... Most of the current literature around automatic fake news detection focuses on US ... Each tweet was being.","US","2021-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [1396,"Media regulatory authorities and the challenges of cooperation","https://rm.coe.int/iris-plus-2021en2-media-regulatory-authorities-and-the-challenges-of-c/1680a55eb1","Nov 2, 2021 ... 56 https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/action-plan-against-disinformation. ... act borders on other legislation and other relevant EU collaborations.","EU","2021-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [1397,"Fact-checking in TikTok. Communication and narrative forms to ...","https://nuevaepoca.revistalatinacs.org/index.php/revista/article/download/1468/3412/8332","Nov 2, 2021 ... ... US elections at the end of 2020 being one of the recurring ... In this regard, Pablo Hernández (Maldito. Bulo), stresses that \"besides reacting to misinformation ...","US","2021-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [1398,"New Jersey - Bias Incident Report2021-2022","https://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases24/2021-22_Bias-Incident_Report_0307_COMPLETE.pdf","Nov 2, 2021 ... We have also prioritized educating the public on bias incidents, stressing the importance of reporting bias incidents to law enforcement and engaging with ...","US","2021-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [1399,"Fake News and AI: Fighting Fire with Fire?","https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2942/invited3.pdf","Nov 1, 2021 ... are most like us – our family and friends. This ... In Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social Media. ... AI-human partnerships tackle\" fake news\": ...","US","2021-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [1400,"Unfollowing the White Rabbit – Countering Conspiracy Theories","https://nobelprizemuseum.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Andreas_Onnerfors_TheWhiteRabbit.pdf","Oct 31, 2021 ... Is it a conspiracy theory? What is the source? Who is the sender and the addressee? Does it run contrary to the law and the values of the educational ...","EU","2021-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [1401,"Lobbying in the 21st Century - TRANSPARENCY, INTEGRITY AND ...","https://benac.ces.uc.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Doc-7-OECD_Report-Transparency-and-Integrity-in-Lobbying.pdf","Oct 31, 2021 ... misinformation through social media. The report ... Act on Legislative and Regulatory Lobbying ... hearings on envisaged EU legislative or other legal acts and ...","EU","2021-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [1402,"Overcoming 'confirmation bias' and the persistence of conspiratorial ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10304312.2021.1992352","Oct 31, 2021 ... The proposed Digital Services Act goes further in its targeting of harmful content and disin- formation which could imperil the democratic rights of EU citizens ...","EU","2021-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [1403,"Combining vagueness detection with deep learning to identify fake ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.14780","Oct 31, 2021 ... Abstract—In this paper, we combine two independent detection methods for identifying fake news: the algorithm VAGO uses semantic rules combined with NLP ...","US","2021-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [1404,"Politically Motivated Avoidance in Social Networks: A Study of ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211055438","Oct 30, 2021 ... boundary regulation in social networks. ... The big sort: Why the clustering of like-minded. America is tearing us apart. ... mitigating the harm from ...","US","2021-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [1405,"The Challenge of Media Platform Regulation for Small and Medium ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3951610_code1881249.pdf?abstractid=3951610","Oct 29, 2021 ... ... agreements, and ethical standards principles, that operate at both national and EU-wide scales (Andrews, 2020). How effective these various rules are is of.","EU","2021-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [1406,"Misinformation and Hate Speech: The Case of Anti-Asian Hate ...","https://tsjournal.org/index.php/jots/article/download/13/5","Oct 29, 2021 ... Abstract. Donald Trump linked COVID-19 to Chinese people on March. 16, 2020, by calling it the Chinese virus. Using 59,337 US tweets related.","US","2021-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [1407,"Disinformation in Iraqi Media","http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/112476/1/MEC_paper_55_disinformation_in_the_iraqi_media.pdf","Oct 29, 2021 ... Our partners in Iraq are the Institute of Regional and Interna- tional Studies at the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, as well as Al-Bayan. Center for ...","US","2021-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [1408,"exposing big oil's disinformation campaign to prevent climate action ...","https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO00/20211028/114185/HHRG-117-GO00-Transcript-20211028.pdf","Oct 28, 2021 ... Now they say they believe in climate change and they support the Paris Agreement and a price on car- bon. They promise they will reduce their carbon emissions ...","EU","2021-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [1409,"Validation of the COVID-19 Transmission Misinformation Scale and ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5216/f0463a8b3ae71b5e5ba246a1b678450ed127.pdf","Oct 28, 2021 ... A consensus represents the level of agreement for appropriate construction of an objective measure [102]. For true/false measures, Clark and. Watson (1995) ...","Australia","2021-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [1410,"Working Paper: Mis- and disinformation in Aotearoa New Zealand ...","https://cpb-ap-se2.wpmucdn.com/blogs.auckland.ac.nz/dist/d/75/files/2017/01/working-paper-disinformation.pdf","Oct 27, 2021 ... Misinformation and Covid-19: a briefing for media. ... It is here that international content, particularly from the US and Australia ... law. These frames are where ...","Australia","2021-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [1411,"Big Oil Uses Newsletter Ads to Spread Misinformation Ahead of Big ...","https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO00/20220915/115114/HHRG-117-GO00-20220915-SD003.pdf","Oct 27, 2021 ... climate legislation and accountability measures. And some of these ads are purposefully designed to make them look like the original reporting contained in ...","US","2021-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [1412,"Designed to Deceive - The Alliance","https://alliancestateadvocates.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/107/Alliance-CPC-Study-Designed-to-Deceive.pdf","Oct 27, 2021 ... The Alliance law centers advance proactive policies and litigation at the federal, state and local levels, leveraging state constitutions, opportunities, and ...","US","2021-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [1413,"Managing Bias in Human-Annotated Data: Moving Beyond Bias ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.13504","Oct 26, 2021 ... [5] Gianluca Demartini, Stefano Mizzaro, and Damiano Spina. 2020. Human-in-the-loop Artificial Intelligence for Fighting Online Misinformation: Challenges and ...","Australia","2021-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [1414,"Disinformation as Geopolitical Risk for Transatlantic Institutions","https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/388303","Oct 25, 2021 ... Together with the EU, the NATO fosters common values of the transatlantic world, including individual liberty, the rule of law and democracy, where ...","EU","2021-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [1415,"How to Lose the Information War (Book Review)","https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-103/jfq-103_110-111_Gamberini.pdf?ver=gBq3Nzjim_FluJ4A_VY7Og%3D%3D","Oct 25, 2021 ... of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. The ... misinformation. Adversary disinformation efforts ... despite regulation because of the prolific and ...","US","2021-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [1416,"Lawyer Lies and Political Speech","https://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/F7.JeffersonFinalDraftWeb_p4hyuyv2.pdf","Oct 24, 2021 ... us that legal ethics may serve as a bulwark against material lies before a tribu- nal or under oath. A larger movement by ethics professors sought to engage ...","US","2021-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [1417,"“AI will fix this” – The Technical, Discursive, and Political Turn to AI in ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20539517211046182","Oct 23, 2021 ... Research underlying this article has received funding from the. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation pro- gramme under grant agreement number ...","EU","2021-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [1418,"Combating implicit bias and stereotypes | Think Cultural Health","https://thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/assets/pdfs/resource-library/combating-implicit-bias-stereotypes.pdf","Oct 23, 2021 ... An implicit bias can make us susceptible to unintentionally acting in ways that are inconsistent with our values. ... Emotional regulation. Reflect on your “gut ...","US","2021-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [1419,"NudgeCred: Supporting News Credibility Assessment on Social ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01536","Oct 24, 2021 ... support better news credibility judgments by users, and informed us ... affordances affecting credibility judgment ... Misinformation Has Created a New World ...","US","2021-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [1420,"Artificial Intelligence and Information Intermediaries","https://law.nus.edu.sg/trail/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2021/10/TRAIL-WPS-2101.pdf","Oct 22, 2021 ... ... misinformation.”'”36 It ought to be noted that ... Law Rev 121, 131-135. ... The recently proposed EU Digital Services Act125 is the latest attempt to rebalance ...","EU","2021-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [1421,"policy brief_1_xh","https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/CC-DEMOS%20Brief_Me.pdf","Oct 20, 2021 ... Democracy, rule of law and fundamental rights are the ... increasing political polarisation, online disinformation and ... EU Science Hub: ec.europa.eu/jrc/en.","EU","2021-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [1422,"Ethics, Integrity, and Retributions of Digital Detection Surveillance ...","https://www.jmir.org/2021/10/e32328/PDF","Oct 20, 2021 ... Of these 5 studies, 1 was conducted in South Korea. [21] and 4 in Australia [17,19-21]. ... and legal chal- lenges in infec- tious disease ... misinformation, and ...","Australia","2021-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [1423,"Lobbying and foreign influence","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/698754/EPRS_BRI(2021)698754_EN.pdf","Oct 19, 2021 ... In the EU, this has taken the form of disinformation attacks on the EU, hidden agendas pushed by foreign ... law applies to both ... It is a sign of the times that ...","EU","2021-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [1424,"The Relevance of Impartial News in a Polarised World","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-10/Vir_the_relevance_of_impartial_news_in_a_polarised_world_FINAL_0.pdf","Oct 19, 2021 ... market regulation, whereas the US and Brazil rely on rules set within organisations rather than across the market, thus prioritising free market choice ...","US","2021-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [1425,"Overcoming 'confirmation bias' and the persistence of conspiratorial ...","https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/221380954/Overcoming_confirmation_bias_and_the_persistence_of_conspiratorial_types_of_thinking.pdf","Oct 19, 2021 ... “Separating Truth from Lies: Comparing the Effects of News Media Literacy and. Fact-Checkers in Response to Political Misinformation in the US and Netherlands.","US","2021-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [1426,"Measuring fake news acumen using a news media literacy instrument","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1538&context=jmle","Oct 18, 2021 ... News media literacy education is gaining increased attention in the age of fake news and post-truth America. However, as with any pedagogical goal, it is.","US","2021-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [1427,"Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An ...","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/68508961/fpsyg_12_641215.pdf","Oct 18, 2021 ... ... legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down ... opponents of the 'Cronulla riots' in Australia. ... Misinformation Rev. 1–22. doi: 10.37016/mr-2020 ...","Australia","2021-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [1428,"A Systematic Review on the Detection of Fake News Articles","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.11240","Oct 18, 2021 ... regulation or scrutiny [2]. Crucially, though ... The term 'fake news' gained significant popularity during the 2016 US election. ... Check-it: A plugin for ...","US","2021-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [1429,"Believing in Credibility Measures: Reviewing Credibility Measures in ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/18815/3992","Oct 17, 2021 ... Outlining how the heritage of research on credibility can inform current studies of the changing media landscape and of mis- and disinformation seems paramount.","US","2021-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [1430,"Cross-platform Information Operations: Mobilizing Narratives and ...","https://faculty.washington.edu/kstarbi/Wilson-Starbird-CSCW2021.pdf","Oct 16, 2021 ... specific contexts, including the coronavirus pandemic and US election-related disinformation and. Page 27. misinformation. By design, these policies are ...","US","2021-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [1431,"Misinformation in Bangladesh: A Brief Primer | LIRNEasia","https://lirneasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Misinformation-in-Bangladesh-A-Brief-Primer.pdf","Oct 16, 2021 ... Labelling content as such generally happens through the lens of legal instruments like the Bangladesh Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Act and ...","US","2021-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [1432,"The \"Information Pandemic\": Technical Communication and False ...","https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2184&context=honorstheses","Oct 16, 2021 ... misinformation and disinformation. Where ... judgment or dismissal. Of Affinity Spaces and ... 2010, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-quake-haiti-twitter/haiti- ...","US","2021-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [1433,"Overconfidence and the Political Financial Behavior of a ...","https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77848/13/283.pdf","Oct 17, 2021 ... The richness of our data allows us to study the correlation of overprecision with re-.","US","2021-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [1434,"INOCULATION THEORY AND MISINFORMATION","https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/download/Inoculation-theory-and-Misinformation-FINAL-digital-ISBN-ebbe8.pdf","Oct 15, 2021 ... ... (EU 2020 Horizon #964728). We are also grateful to ... legislation, or content moderation means that no ... van der Linden, Countering Misinformation and Fake News ...","EU","2021-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [1435,"Mistakes, Overconfidence, and the Effect of Sharing on Detecting Lies","https://rady.ucsd.edu/_files/faculty-research/uri-gneezy/aer%20Marta%20Uri.pdf","Oct 15, 2021 ... “Trends in the Diffusion of Misinformation ... “Fake News on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. ... for Binary Decisions.” Judgment and Decision ...","US","2021-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [1436,"AUSTRALIA'S BIG GAMBLE: THE NEWS MEDIA BARGAINING ...","https://spir.aoir.org/ojs/index.php/spir/article/download/12091/10227/75745","Oct 13, 2021 ... Given the substantial financial, legal, and communicative resources available to major transnational content platforms such as. Google and Facebook, however, ...","Australia","2021-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [1437,"Misinformation, secrecy, and the information behaviour of ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2020-0123/pdf","Oct 14, 2021 ... (2015) identified the information grounds of immigrants in Australia, including meeting friends and acquaintances in homes, cafes and malls., campuses, and ...","Australia","2021-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [1438,"Do People Demand Fact-Checked News? Evidence From U.S. ...","https://www.econtribute.de/RePEc/ajk/ajkdps/ECONtribute_121_2021.pdf","Oct 13, 2021 ... Recent examples of misinformation on mass media include false claims about election fraud in the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election that were widely reported in ...","US","2021-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [1439,"Tipping Point: Democratic Erosion and the Assault on Press Freedom","https://www.cima.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/CIMA_V-Dem-Report_web_150ppi.pdf","Oct 11, 2021 ... media law in the EU. Media would now be required ... media with disinformation. In the data analysis ... media with disinformation. Page 19. 0.90. 0.80. 0.70.","EU","2021-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [1440,"POLICY BRIEF","https://movimentoeuropeo.it/images/Documenti/Policy_Brief.pdf","Oct 11, 2021 ... By developing a European statute for civil society organisations, the. EU could promote the renewal of the legal status of associations which has remained.","EU","2021-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [1441,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Australian-Code-of-Practice-on-Disinformation-and-Misinformation-FINAL-WORD-UPDATED-OCTOBER-11-2021.pdf","Oct 11, 2021 ... issue of public concern in Australia; or. D. are regulated as political advertising under Australian law. 3.8. Search Engines consist of software systems ...","Australia","2021-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [1442,"VACCINE MISINFORMATION MANAGEMENT FIELD GUIDE","https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/VACCINE-MISINFORMATION-FIELD-GUIDE-V2B-AT.pdf","Oct 10, 2021 ... Local actors play a role in mitigating the impact of disinformation and misinformation. ... rates-insufficient-across-eu-member- states. 11 ... on the legal status ...","EU","2021-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [1443,"Resolution 2758 and the Fallacy of Beijing's UN “One-China ...","https://globaltaiwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/GTB-6.20-PDF.pdf","Oct 10, 2021 ... ous, and based on the rule of law.” Australia's state- ments on Taiwan Strait security come as the country has grown more concerned about a potential ...","Australia","2021-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [1444,"Misinformation and Disinformation in the Era of COVID-19: The Role ...","http://faculty.washington.edu/marcjd/articles/misinfo2021.pdf","Oct 9, 2021 ... COVID-19 Misinformation Trends in Australia: Prospective Longitudinal Na- tional Survey. ... Reported an account/post that shared misinformation to law ...","Australia","2021-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [1445,"Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: probing the ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10714421.2021.1981705","Oct 8, 2021 ... When it was shared through other platforms and websites, such as “Eu vivo no Brasil,” “Bolsonéas,” or “Movimento Força ... dition treaty in force with Brazil), ...","EU","2021-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [1446,"Health Misinformation on Social Media: Current Evidence and ...","https://clu-in.org/conf/tio/SRPREIH2_100821/slides/1Slide_Presentation_for_Wen-Ying_Sylvia_Chou,_Ph.D.,_National_Cancer_Institute.pdf","Oct 8, 2021 ... • Convene federal, state, local, territorial, tribal, private, nonprofit, and research partners to identify best practices (e.g., legal and regulatory.","US","2021-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [1447,"Understanding the characteristics of COVID-19 misinformation ...","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S2468696421000586","Oct 8, 2021 ... This allowed us to build a subreddit association network. A full list of subreddits used in the paper can be found in Appendix A. Subreddits were manually ...","US","2021-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [1448,"How African countries respond to fake news and hate speech","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1994623","Oct 7, 2021 ... news in 47 African countries to estimate the salience of discussions of legal and technological approaches to content regulation. We find that, in particular, ...","EU","2021-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [1449,"The Epistemology of the Internet and the Regulation of Speech in ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14294&context=journal_articles","Oct 6, 2021 ... 3. In the absence of massive economic distress and its attendant disruption of life prospects, would the Internet be such a cesspool of misinformation? Perhaps, ...","Australia","2021-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [1450,"Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: probing the ...","https://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/49827/1/Dourado%26Salgado_2021.pdf","Oct 5, 2021 ... We were also interested in checking whether these fake news items had caused a noticeable impact on offline politics, namely if any political, social or legal ...","US","2021-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [1451,"The truth behind fossil fuel advertising","https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-netherlands-stateless/2021/10/3b500e9b-words-vs-actions-the-truth-behind-fossil-fuel-advertising.pdf","Oct 3, 2021 ... spread of disinformation about it48) before joining. Preem. ... 92European Commission “Impact assessment: Stepping up Europe's ... eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri= ...","EU","2021-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [1452,"HOLISTIC DIGITAL POLICY: Nation States Must Lead In Building ...","https://www.citifirst.com.hk/home/upload/citi_research/AZQVI.pdf","Oct 3, 2021 ... LAWS, REGULATIONS, PROCESSES, AND TREATIES THAT COMPLICATE INNOVATION ... misinformation, hate speech, or other violations ... xlv “Facebook and Google News Law ...","Australia","2021-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [1453,"Psychological Underpinnings of Disinformation Countermeasures: A ...","https://osf.io/scq5v/download?format=pdf","Oct 4, 2021 ... Keywords: disinformation, misinformation, intervention, classical reasoning, motivated ... /legal regulations on social media, ... Australia (4.5 %) and the UK (2.8 ...","Australia","2021-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [1454,"Covid-19: Spreading vaccine “misinformation” puts licence at risk ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ti3ykyp4qfbixoix6eabcnx7fm/access/wayback/https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/375/bmj.n2417.full.pdf","Oct 1, 2021 ... The BMJ asked ABIM about the size of the problem of board certified physicians spreading misinformation. ... judgment about what is and is not misinformation, and ...","EU","2021-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [1455,"Government's response to the House of Lords Communications ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/7704/documents/80449/default/","Oct 1, 2021 ... introduce legislation when parliamentary time allows. 3. As the Bill undergoes pre-legislative scrutiny, the government will ensure that the legislation.","EU","2021-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [1456,"DISINFORMATION, DEEPFAKES AND DEMOCRACIES: THE NEED ...","https://www.unswlawjournal.unsw.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Issue-443_final_Ray.pdf","Oct 1, 2021 ... This article analyses how current Australian law interacts with political deepfakes and proposes two targeted amendments to our federal electoral regulations to ...","Australia","2021-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [1457,"Beyond the individual: governing AI's societal harm","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2021-3-1574.pdf","Sep 30, 2021 ... Drawing on a legal domain specifically aimed at protecting a societal interest—environmental law—I identify three 'societal' mechanisms that EU policymakers.","EU","2021-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [1458,"Living <i>in</i> media and the era of regulation: Policy and Internet ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/poi3.271","Sep 29, 2021 ... According to the Australian Communications and Media. Authority (ACMA, 2020), nearly the entire adult population were logged on (99%). This is a notable ...","Australia","2021-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [1459,"False-allegations-briefing-2021.pdf","https://www.rapecrisisscotland.org.uk/resources/False-allegations-briefing-2021.pdf","Sep 29, 2021 ... Public perceptions of rape reporting are often skewed by misinformation, particularly around the issue of false allegations. Claims that these are common ...","Australia","2021-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [1460,"Written evidence submitted by Google UK (OSB0175) Executive ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/39457/pdf/","Sep 28, 2021 ... ... Bill differ to online safety legislation in other countries (e.g. Australia, ... misinformation/disinformation that could lead to societal harm in scope of the ...","Australia","2021-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [1461,"Who captures whom? Regulatory misperceptions and the timing of ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rego.12438","Sep 29, 2021 ... tion and spread misinformation between 1998 and 2001. ... Regulation & Governance published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. ... Edelman LB, Uggen C, Erlanger ...","Australia","2021-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [1462,"An Audit of Misinformation Filter Bubbles on YouTube: Bubble ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.13769","Sep 27, 2021 ... These are usually reactions to public outcry or are required by legislation, e.g., EU's Code of practice on disinformation2. Currently, the effectiveness of ...","EU","2021-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [1463,"Kroglund, Preben Svarva - Constructing Online Disinformation and ...","https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2781829/no.ntnu%3Ainspera%3A78640361%3A47407859.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Sep 24, 2021 ... Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the. Digital Space. Romanian Journal of European Affairs 20(1), 5-20. Dyrendal, A. & Emberland, T. (2019). Hva er ...","EU","2021-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [1464,"Disinformation as a Widespread Problem and Vulnerability Factors ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/18674/3837","Sep 24, 2021 ... Commitments like the self-regulatory Code of Practice on Disinformation launched by the European ... Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-.","EU","2021-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [1465,"Correcting The Record - January 2022 Report.pdf","https://elections.maricopa.gov/asset/jcr:a9e03750-0a8f-4162-859f-1d46ac54b485/Correcting%20The%20Record%20-%20January%202022%20Report.pdf","Sep 24, 2021 ... Maricopa. County's election staff are trained and Certified Election Officers with knowledge of state and federal election laws and the. Arizona ...","US","2021-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [1466,"Infodemic: disinformation and media literacy in the context of COVID ...","https://cetic.br/media/docs/publicacoes/6/20210923161126/internet_sectoral_overview_year-13_n3_infodemic.pdf","Sep 23, 2021 ... “disinformation”, “misinformation”, “COVID-19”, ... to rely on regulation to deal with the specific problem of disinformation. ... European Union (.eu). 3,660,944.","EU","2021-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [1467,"A Second Pandemic? Analysis of Fake News about COVID-19 ...","https://aclanthology.org/2021.ranlp-1.114.pdf","Sep 23, 2021 ... regulation and reputation, and (xv) Other. 5 Results and Discussion. 5.1 Disinformation Analysis. Arabic: Figure 3 shows the distribution for the questions ...","Australia","2021-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [1468,"Integrating Pattern- and Fact-based Fake News Detection via Model ...","https://www.atailab.cn/seminar2021fall/pdf/CIKM_2021_Integrating%20Pattern-%20and%20Fact-based%20Fake%20News%20Detection%20via%20Model%20Preference%20Learning.pdf","Sep 23, 2021 ... Australia. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 11 pages ... Judgment: Bi-LSTM(Fake), DeClarE(Real), Pref-FEND ... Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Australia","2021-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [1469,"The effect of misinformation and inoculation: Replication of an ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/09636625211024550","Sep 23, 2021 ... Both described experiments were conducted in the US–American context. ... Kahneman D (2003) A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality.","US","2021-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [1470,"A Second Pandemic? Analysis of Fake News About COVID-19 ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.11372","Sep 22, 2021 ... regulation and reputation, and (xv) Other. 5 Results and Discussion. 5.1 Disinformation Analysis. Arabic: Figure 3 shows the distribution for the questions ...","Australia","2021-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [1471,"Can “Googling” correct misbelief? Cognitive and affective ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256575&type=printable","Sep 22, 2021 ... the variety of misinformation that spread widely during the 2016 US presidential election and the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum ...","US","2021-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [1472,"Public Opinion about Foreign Policy","https://jkertzer.sites.fas.harvard.edu/Research_files/OHPP-Kertzer.pdf","Sep 21, 2021 ... “The Stopping Power of Norms: Saturation. Bombing, Civilian Immunity, and U.S. Attitudes toward the Laws of War. ... “Misinformation, Economic Threat, and. Public ...","US","2021-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [1473,"Regulating AI and its inequalities","https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/EDRi_Beyond-Debiasing-Report_Online.pdf","Sep 20, 2021 ... ... eu/legal-content/EN/ · TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206. 14. Karen Yeung, PE Vermaas, and Ibo van de Poel. 2015. Design for the. Value of Regulation. Handbook of ...","EU","2021-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [1474,"Combating Information Manipulation: A Playbook for Elections and ...","https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/InfoManip%20Playbook%20updated%20FINAL.pdf","Sep 20, 2021 ... 21 USAID and National Democratic Institute, “Legal and Regulatory Responses to Disinformation” in Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting.","EU","2021-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [1475,"DECEPTION AS A BRIDGING CONCEPT 1 Deception as a Bridging ...","https://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/media/research/o3c/pdf/Chadwick_and_Stanyer_-_Deception_-_Communication_Theory_Sep_2021.pdf","Sep 20, 2021 ... Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 407–24. Karpf, D. (2019). On digital disinformation and democratic myths. Mediawell, U.S. Social. Science Research Council.","US","2021-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [1476,"Assessing the Readability of Policy Documents on the Digital Single ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.11625","Sep 15, 2021 ... skills, text mining, legal texts, law, digital single market, EU ... today's avalanches of misinformation and disinformation, the ... the readability laws and ...","EU","2021-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [1477,"WILLINGNESS TO PAY: NEWS MEDIA","https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/26408/IM-Sept-2021-Vol-49-Issue-3-Willingness-to-pay-for-media.pdf?sequence=1","Sep 15, 2021 ... of misinformation and “fake news” distributed ... the left-leaning Guardian Australia on the basis of it being foreign-owned. ... regulation. Journal of Digital ...","Australia","2021-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [1478,"Robust and Efficient Deep Learning for Misinformation Prevention ...","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/140022/Schuster-talstr-PhD-EECS-2021-thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Sep 15, 2021 ... The potential danger and harmfulness of fake news and misinformation [149, 300] have ... is federal law. <…> She appeared blank on basic ... Australia, July 2018.","Australia","2021-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [1479,"The Growing Threat of Misinformation and Disinformation: How to ...","https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/insights/advanced-solutions/2021/misinformation-and-disinformation.ashx","Sep 15, 2021 ... Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, the World ... processes for potentially alerting law enforcement to instances of ...","US","2021-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [1480,"Editorial independence in an automated media system | Internet ...","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2021-3-1569.pdf","Sep 13, 2021 ... x.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2020 ... Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power. ... Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the ...","EU","2021-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [1481,"Overhauling the Online Harms Proposal in Canada: A Human ...","https://cippic.ca/sites/default/files/Online%20Harms%20Submission%20Final%202021-09-27.pdf","Sep 13, 2021 ... Some countries' legislation goes broad and defines applicable services in a technologically neutral way, as has been done in Germany,7 the EU,8 and the US.9 ...","EU","2021-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [1482,"The evolution of deception","https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_3340888/component/file_3340889/content","Sep 13, 2021 ... What kind of regulation mechanism should the EU implement for ensuring that businesses will cooperate? If future businesses cooperate, then how do they.","EU","2021-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [1483,"Tackling Information Disorder - BBC Media Action","http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediaaction/pdf/approaches-information-disorder-2021.pdf","Sep 13, 2021 ... 4 Those who seek to spread false or misleading information deliberately to cause harm may create disinformation themselves5, or, as is increasingly the case, ...","US","2021-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [1484,"Demystifying the COVID-19 Infodemic: Conspiracies, Context, and ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211044233","Sep 12, 2021 ... In Nigeria, Gates became caught up in concerns over domestic political legislation, service delivery, and cor- ruption. ... Media International Australia, 177(1), ...","Australia","2021-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [1485,"Regulating targeted and behavioural advertising in digital services ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/694680/IPOL_STU(2021)694680_EN.pdf","Sep 11, 2021 ... Marketing methods and technologies deployed in behavioural and target advertising are presented. The EU law on consent to the processing of personal data is ...","EU","2021-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [1486,"Fueling the Fire: How Social Media Intensifies U.S. Political ...","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b6df958f8370af3217d4178/t/613a4d4cc86b9d3810eb35aa/1631210832122/NYU+CBHR+Fueling+The+Fire_FINAL+ONLINE+REVISED+Sep7.pdf","Sep 11, 2021 ... of dis- and misinformation related to elections ... Tromble hopes the E.U. ... It could be incorporated into regulatory regimes in Europe and, eventually, the U.S. ...","EU","2021-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [1487,"Polluting Words: Is There a Coasean Case to Regulate Offensive ...","https://laweconcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Whyte-Polluting-Words-2021.pdf","Sep 11, 2021 ... and the courts—such as those entailed by defamation law—the First Amendment to the U.S. ... disinformation and misinformation ... their content moderation and to ...","US","2021-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [1488,"Citizens' Perceived Information Responsibilities and Information ...","http://www.peasec.de/paper/2021/2021_HaunschildPauliReuter_InformationResponsibilitiesCovid19_GoodIT.pdf","Sep 11, 2021 ... Looking at information gaps, challenges relate to local, federal and sometimes national differences in regulation for specific topics. Specific COVID-19 ...","US","2021-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [1489,"PROMOTING ELECTION INTEGRITY IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND ...","https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/OEDI%20Key%20Findings%20and%20Recommendations.pdf","Sep 10, 2021 ... propitious to spreading misinformation. Accessing ... 26 PIANZEA members are: American Samoa, Australia ... It is thus advised to introduce provisions in the legal ...","Australia","2021-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [1490,"Teaching beyond verifying sources and “fake news”: Critical media ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1535&context=jmle","Sep 10, 2021 ... Youth are also increasingly learning about and engaging in political issues of interest online. (CIRCLE, 2018). Over half of U.S. teens report their best ...","US","2021-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [1491,"Norms of assertion in the United States, Germany, and Japan","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2105365118","Sep 10, 2021 ... The recent controversy about misinformation has moved a question into the focus of the public eye that has occupied philosophers for.","US","2021-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [1492,"Coronabot: A Conversational AI System for Tackling Misinformation","https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/files/50838271/Gunson_2021_Coronabot_A_Conversational_AI_System_for_Tackling_Misinformation_PREPRINT.pdf","Sep 9, 2021 ... This work has been funded by the EU H2020 program under grant agreement no. 871245 (SPRING). References. [1] Tanja Bunk, Daksh Varshneya, Vladimir Vlasov ...","EU","2021-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [1493,"Fighting Fake News in Encrypted Messaging with the Fuzzy ...","https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1148.pdf","Sep 9, 2021 ... presumably apply their own judgment and possible issue a complaint in turn. ... [17] Eu-Jin Goh and Philippe Golle. Event driven ... https:// www-washingtonpost-com ...","EU","2021-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [1494,"Fighting Fake News in Encrypted Messaging with the Fuzzy ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.04559","Sep 9, 2021 ... presumably apply their own judgment and possible issue a complaint in turn. This idea is aligned with many existing content moderation settings on ...","Australia","2021-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [1495,"Do conspiracy theory and mistrust undermine people's intention to ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jcop.22714","Sep 7, 2021 ... Brisbane, Australia. Correspondence. Xiang Zhao, School of Law, Psychology and ... When fake news and ... Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to.","Australia","2021-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [1496,"REDACTED","https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/dan-jones-lawsuit-alfa-bank-report-for-sasc/69b096c647d3f83f/full.pdf","Sep 7, 2021 ... Individuals with significant U.S. intelligence and U.S. law enforcement experience contributed to this review. The data-set of DNS logs referenced ...","US","2021-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [1497,"The State of Free Speech Online | Big Brother Watch","https://bigbrotherwatch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/The-State-of-Free-Speech-Online-1.pdf","Sep 6, 2021 ... ... eu/legal-content/. EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32000L0031 ... legislation is set to cover misinformation too, ... 177 See Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA) 2000 ...","EU","2021-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [1498,"The truth behind fossil fuel advertising","https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-eu-unit-stateless/2021/09/6c96d5ce-under-embargo-til-4-october-greenpeace-netherlands-research-words-vs-actions-the-truth-behind-fossil-fuel-advertising.pdf","Sep 6, 2021 ... This law has the potential to be an important step to prevent climate disinformation and fight the climate crisis, but it must not become another way for ...","EU","2021-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [1499,"Dual pathway model of conspiracy beliefs: Interactions between ...","https://osf.io/z5b4f/download","Sep 6, 2021 ... ... misinformation and. COVID-19 conspiracy ... Law & Psychology Review, 44, 209. Page 13 ... COVID-19 Misinformation Trends in Australia: Prospective Longitudinal.","Australia","2021-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [1500,"The Routledge Companion To Media Disinformation and Populism","https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/62698910/chapter8.pdf","Sep 4, 2021 ... This finding is in line with a comparative study by Fletcher and Nielsen (2018) in Italy, Australia, the UK, and the US, which finds that social media users who ...","Australia","2021-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [1501,"Beyond disinformation: deep fakes and false memory implantation","https://www.neuroethicssociety.org/assets/files/essays/essaycontest-2021-morrow.pdf","Sep 3, 2021 ... Also within the jurisdiction of this new regulation is an emerging form of media: deep fakes. ... Cilluffo & Fry, 2019; U.S. Census Bureau, 2017) and have poorer ...","US","2021-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [1502,"POLICY EVIDENCE SUMMARY September 2021 - Examining ...","https://www.ahuri.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/2021-09/PES-363-Examining-discrimination-faced-by-private-renters.pdf","Sep 2, 2021 ... There are laws at the Australian, state and territory government levels intended to prevent discrimination. Despite that, discrimination is a key issue in ...","Australia","2021-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [1503,"Seeing and Believing Pro-Trump Fake News: The Interacting Roles ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/18579/3824","Sep 2, 2021 ... Keywords: fake news, misinformation ... judgment of someone's credibility is likely ... can tell us about the source of political misinformation in surveys.","US","2021-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [1504,"Misfeasance in Public Office: Raw Statistics from the Australian Front ...","https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:ab4036a/Misfeasance.pdf","Sep 1, 2021 ... Weeks, 'Monetary Remedies for Public Law Wrongs: Australia's Resistant Legal Landscape' (2018) ... Cornwall (n 30) (malicious misinformation in withdrawal of ...","Australia","2021-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [1505,"Government Misinformation: How Congress Can Get Agencies to ...","https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/IB5211.pdf","Sep 1, 2021 ... federal agencies must use to implement the requirements of the law. In. 2002, the OMB published the “OMB Guidelines” laying out requirements for federal ...","US","2021-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [1506,"Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e- cigarette harms ...","https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/9/e045445.full.pdf","Sep 1, 2021 ... Results Among US and UK participants, after controlling for baseline measures of the outcome, exposure to tweets that e- cigarettes are as or more harmful than.","US","2021-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [1507,"Promoting Representation Through Data: The Case for More ...","https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/286688/1/TMP694521106202337145425.pdf","Aug 31, 2021 ... Australian National University, ACT, Australia ... Proposed legislation, in the Data Availability and ... “Science, misinformation and dis- sent.” The ...","Australia","2021-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [1508,"Social Media Networks, Fake News, and Polarization","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24462/w24462.pdf","Aug 31, 2021 ... optimality of a specific government policy or regulation ... This exercise allows us to quantify how the centrality of bot followers affects misinformation and ...","US","2021-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [1509,"Fake News in Financial Markets","https://spinup-000d1a-wp-offload-media.s3.amazonaws.com/faculty/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/08/Fraudulent-News-Direct-and-Indirect-Effects-of-Financial-News-Manipulation.pdf","Aug 31, 2021 ... spillover effects of misinformation ... If fake news can impact U.S. equity markets, where competition for ... Failure to disclose has legal ramifications. What ...","US","2021-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [1510,"The battleground of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on Facebook ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/yang_vaccine_misinformation_facebook_fact-checkers_20210830.pdf","Aug 30, 2021 ... Valenti School of Communication,. University of Houston, USA. How to cite: Yang, A., Shin, J., Zhou, A., Huang-Isherwood, K. M., Lee, E., Dong, C., Kim, H. M., ...","US","2021-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [1511,"Profiling Fake News Spreaders on Social Media through ...","https://www.public.asu.edu/~mkarami/files/ht21_profiling.pdf","Aug 30, 2021 ... adults used social media as their main source of political and elec- tion news for the US presidential election in 2020 [29]. The high rate of engagement with ...","US","2021-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [1512,"'Scientists don't care about truth anymore': the climate crisis and ...","https://arcabc.ca/islandora/object/mru%3A779/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf","Aug 30, 2021 ... denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are ... regulation. In these fossil fuel dependent ... “It's Only ...","Australia","2021-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [1513,"Visual Mis- and Disinformation, Social Media, and Democracy","https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/63476354/10776990211035395.pdf","Aug 29, 2021 ... has not served us ... To address the hype around deepfakes, federal and state legislation has been intro-.","US","2021-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [1514,"Hoax News on the 2019 Presidential Election Campaign on social ...","https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/seloka/article/download/49262/19840/","Aug 30, 2021 ... It may surprise us to know that satire or parody falls into the category of misinformation and disinformation. In fact, often not everyone understands the ...","US","2021-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [1515,"The anatomy of 'fake news': Studying false messages as digital objects","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02683962211037693","Aug 28, 2021 ... The phe- nomenon – in either sense – has become a universal cause for concern, as evident from the introduction of new laws that aim to stifle independent ...","EU","2021-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [1516,"Nutripedia: The Fight against the Fake News in Nutrition during ...","https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/handle/2434/893517/1944535/nutrients-13-02998-v2.pdf","Aug 28, 2021 ... ... Fake News”, “Privacy” and “Legal Information” respectively. ... Available online: https://cordis.europa.eu ... Public Health and Online Misinformation: Challenges ...","EU","2021-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [1517,"Mitigation of Diachronic Bias in Fake News Detection Dataset","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12601","Aug 28, 2021 ... sult in a biased judgment from the input, based on ... An exploratory study of covid-. 19 misinformation ... 18 states including US UK and Australia request PM Modi ...","Australia","2021-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [1518,"Stiffness Analysis to Predict the Spread Out of Fake Information","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7fd5/b9364a6ebdacf37b66ae062ec393928c096c.pdf","Aug 28, 2021 ... Numerical experiments, performed on real data, support the effectiveness of the approach. Keywords: fake news; SIR model; stiffness ratio. 1. Introduction. The ...","Australia","2021-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [1519,"Social Proximity and Misinformation: Experimental Evidence from a ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/DP16492.pdf?abstractid=3928789&mirid=1","Aug 28, 2021 ... American Political Science Review 115(4), 1325–41. Banerjee, A., M. Alsan, E. Breza, A. G. Chandrasekhar, A. Chowdhury, E. Duflo, P. Goldsmith- ...","US","2021-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [1520,"The Disinformation Dozen and Media Misinformation on Science ...","https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/3t945z78s","Aug 27, 2021 ... Yet the legal actions of the CHD are reactionary rather than offensive. Following on the tail of the 2019 measles outbreak in America, Facebook was forced to ...","US","2021-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [1521,"Polarized Lens: Disinformation, Misinformation and Hong Kong's ...","https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI%20August%202021%20Report_Polarized%20Lens%20-%20Disinformation%2C%20Misinformation%20and%20Hong%20Kong%27s%20Divided%20Media%20Landscape.pdf","Aug 26, 2021 ... ... Law beginning in May. March 1, 2021. Hong Kong government charged 47 democrats under the national security law on February 28, 2021. Hundreds of people and ...","US","2021-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [1522,"The Contradictions of Platform Regulation","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/lemley.pdf","Aug 25, 2021 ... Natalia Drozdiak, Tech Giants Risk Breakup Under Strict EU Digital Rules, BLOOMBERG LAW. NEWS, Dec. 15, 2020. 3 The U.S. Justice Department and almost every ...","EU","2021-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [1523,"'Scientists don't care about truth anymore': the climate crisis and ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23251042.2021.1973656","Aug 25, 2021 ... denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are ... regulation. In these fossil fuel dependent ... “It's Only ...","Australia","2021-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [1524,"Digital misinformation / disinformation and children","https://www.unicef.org/globalinsight/media/2096/file/UNICEF-Global-Insight-Digital-Mis-Disinformation-and-Children-2021.pdf","Aug 24, 2021 ... Misinformation and disinformation have emerged as ... 65 In the EU, the proposed Digital Services Act ... BBC, 'Social Media Firms Fail to Act on Covid-19 Fake.","EU","2021-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [1525,"Reections on the murky legal practices of political micro-targeting ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/par6wl5lvnc4hagcjvvwdymwji/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/ipab018.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAtgwggLUBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggLFMIICwQIBADCCAroGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMoxIsdnrlvRrpb8kIAgEQgIICi0I5EA1LfuHN_XuQDh03ZPH-DrjB4CUEkMHDzBLd-Fq6VPrejDrlwSYx8x7DdWgwshoANM4fTolfw7t-I2aSVR2ndSh4-gaAAkD3azxycWU-HnYmX5rZPNXTrHfqSB2oYaELQpn6HVjlbDkCDGM3l5YYMf9ICMUBCHKbejebq97doWRgd3WbuMUunGUtCehouWmepqei96KvNUf7wEYAw_m__DDSSBPG3_IuiKjmTCAyvEB34JLPlyMzcAK61zZmtbS0yrskhPRk7d3vS1ifT5FnmTlYd_jrREtWgk44VDX6BXmWG0cMxkBNAzsAvYiEdNqfibTeSSGTw7FANprefB2coOtZdVtGknCW33JnlzHKcJO-5JOr4CDSLLDfyn-BqE6qCekgdLkW2P0vWd8YIVj1VYzDpfpwH2ZdAhqZzX-NOjevojlU68Vy6B8O1tvAP8VsNpZcZMBViY0nUF9ZY4bdgwL7qKppACIW6TAdqq8qTR8pHDdBlohd4MEPIRzrU3aDZqBvnj1ODuEfOFf3mZtgYQkCKiv19Dp0Vdi2bx1KG8QqGrhP3fao28Qv9Cw1oyg9I5erwsu36cX5TPRMi33_eIU_hDkm_AyczTZ7U761djR8-5t1wxDVH2luXYZr0D7L5eLBoGrBSvmQmKyrLd6U-H2uw8LvUBf5QPghFVwBNJ8u2oyqdgE6lYcUwuPktJfww_oo_m3iEgQeMbt6IOMSCRfSIWB0AO6FmdsVKYGmCORn6Xi-Uqx3GgIU2_UaCYyewKGr_tJ2vdFEpExC-ejo4PGCQvOm4Si8UXnmEfXeuzultGcMIIa39bZM_P9LAl7KfXHHQRqehKcoqrfkousCqtz1yZaG-K719A","Aug 24, 2021 ... This study seeks to explore one of the recent contro- versial EU debates related to PMT:11 is the practice of. PMT compliant with the EU's General Data ...","EU","2021-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [1526,"Combatting Targeted Disinformation Campaigns","https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/phase_ii_-_combatting_targeted_disinformation.pdf","Aug 24, 2021 ... In April 2021, the United States House of Representatives Subcommittee on Privacy,. Technology, and the Law, a subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, ...","US","2021-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [1527,"Twitter flagged Donald Trump's tweets with election misinformation ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/sanderson_twitter_trump_election_20210824.pdf","Aug 24, 2021 ... While it will face significant legal, social, and technical challenges (Persily & ... claims of fake news: Political misinformation ... during the 2016 U.S. ...","US","2021-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [1528,"INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA COMPONENT OF THE ...","https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/Trames-3-2021-355-368_20210822152505.pdf","Aug 22, 2021 ... the response of the European Union” (Joint Framework) – a harmonizing act of EU member states on combating hybrid threats, in particular, of an ...","EU","2021-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [1529,"Market Manipulation Investigations","https://foleyhoag.com/getattachment/3bb3c189-3b03-4c80-bf98-8f41ef76968b/16SECComplianceandEnforcementAB2021-excerpt.pdf?lang=en-US","Aug 22, 2021 ... Market manipulation lies at the heart of the federal securi- ties laws and the mission of the SEC. Manipulative trading practices were a primary motivation ...","US","2021-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [1530,"Examining characteristics of prebunking strategies to overcome PR ...","https://cboman.people.ua.edu/uploads/1/3/7/2/137203799/boman__2021_.pdf","Aug 21, 2021 ... In the days leading up to the U.S. 2020 presidential election, Twitter launched a pilot campaign to help users identify disinformation shared on its platform ( ...","US","2021-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [1531,"How does fake news spread? Understanding pathways of ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/poi3.268","Aug 21, 2021 ... Finally, we investigate a case study using the framework developed in relation to the 2016 US Presidential Elections before providing recommendations for ...","US","2021-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [1532,"DRAFT new Policy Statement","https://islandstrust.bc.ca/document/islands-2050-local-trust-area-meeting-handout/","Aug 21, 2021 ... We've seen a lot of misinformation ... Please contact us. See the next page for our ... Local trust committees and Bowen Island. Municipality make decisions about ...","US","2021-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [1533,"Reflections on the murky legal practices of political micro-targeting ...","https://academic.oup.com/idpl/article-pdf/11/4/348/41849178/ipab018.pdf","Aug 20, 2021 ... This study seeks to explore one of the recent contro- versial EU debates related to PMT:11 is the practice of. PMT compliant with the EU's General Data ...","EU","2021-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [1534,"The evolution of deception","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.201032","Aug 19, 2021 ... What kind of regulation mechanism should the EU implement for ensuring that businesses will cooperate? If future businesses cooperate, then how do they.","EU","2021-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [1535,"Internet Policy Agenda","https://international.eco.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/eco_internet_policy_agenda_2021.pdf","Aug 19, 2021 ... The European Union has made initial attempts at legal harmonisation through various legislative measures. During brief stays in other. EU countries, users can ...","EU","2021-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [1536,"Rebalancing our regulatory response to Deepfakes with performers ...","https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/126810/Pavis_%20Rebalancing%20our%20regulatory%20response%20to%20Deepfakes%20with%20performers%20%20rights.pdf?sequence=1","Aug 18, 2021 ... Where the impact of Deepfakes on the viewer was central to legal reforms, as it is the case of anti- fake news regulation or amendments to electoral laws, these ...","EU","2021-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [1537,"Power to the People: The Hidden Link Between Support for Direct ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pops.12779","Aug 17, 2021 ... and PO Box 378 Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia ... or break the law, and, in general, contest the ... Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with ...","Australia","2021-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [1538,"Whistleblowing for Change - Exposing Systems of Power and Injustice","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/76451/ssoar-2021-bazzichelli-Whistleblowing_for_Change_Exposing_Systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2021-bazzichelli-Whistleblowing_for_Change_Exposing_Systems.pdf","Aug 18, 2021 ... misinformation and wrongdoing in the framework of politics and society. ... we have very strict privacy rules and legislation, so we would not have been able to.","Australia","2021-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [1539,"The Big Lie and Big Tech: Misinformation Repeat Offenders and ...","https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/democracy/the-big-lie-and-big-tech.pdf","Aug 17, 2021 ... Well before the 2016 U.S. election, Harvard law. 126 https://engineering.fb.com/2021/01/26/ml-applications/news-feed-ranking/. 127 In January 2021, CEO Mark ...","US","2021-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [1540,"A Psychological Vaccine Against Misinformation","https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/DAE5AED3D08E99EE670687219F55F161CFD7E8B60600","Aug 17, 2021 ... Prof Sander van der Linden. Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab (CSDM). Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge.","US","2021-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [1541,"Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10772","Aug 16, 2021 ... As we discuss in Section 4.8, our work poses a possible dilemma for disinformation warnings as speech regulation: warnings ... In: Proceedings of the Eu-. roUSEC ...","EU","2021-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [1542,"ONLINE POLITIEKE RECLAME:","https://libstore.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/003/007/840/RUG01-003007840_2021_0001_AC.pdf","Aug 16, 2021 ... WAUTERS (eds.), Sociale media anno 2015, Mortsel,. Intersentia, 2015, p. 48. 26 B. VAN ALSENOY, Data Protection Law in the EU: Roles, Responsibilities and ...","EU","2021-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [1543,"What's so bad about misinformation?","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0020174X.2021.2002187","Aug 16, 2021 ... Misinformation in the form of fake news, conspiracy theories, clickbait, and propaganda is bad for us individually and for society at large. Most forms of.","US","2021-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [1544,"COVID-19 Infodemic: Empowering Australia against infodemic","https://www.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/4117195/Sum-Kiu-Chu_FoWL-Report.pdf","Aug 15, 2021 ... ... fake news | Gilbert + Tobin Lawyers: Law Firm in Sydney, Melbourne & ... (2021) Australia's Disinformation & Misinformation ... (2020) 'EU code of practice on ...","EU","2021-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [1545,"Written evidence submitted by Community Leaders Network of ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/38445/pdf/","Aug 15, 2021 ... ... misinformation-about-trophy-hunting-is- · wrong ... Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 continues to ensure that the EU Wildlife Trade Regulations ... ideologies and upheld ...","EU","2021-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [1546,"Disinformation Research in Bulgarian. Datasets and Tools","https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3061/ERIS_2021-art06(reg).pdf","Aug 15, 2021 ... social and media phenomena (misinformation, fake news, rumours, hoax, etc.). ... eu/info/live- work-travel-eu/coronavirus-response ... Compabating fake news using ...","EU","2021-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [1547,"Are public officials' lies unsustainable or do they have far reaching ...","https://www.palermo.edu/Archivos_content/2021/cele/papers/Disinformation-and-public-officials.pdf","Aug 15, 2021 ... fake news in the United States. However, we ... of disinformation and misinformation. ... As we did with the criminal law approach, administrative law allows us to ...","US","2021-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [1548,"A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04401","Aug 15, 2021 ... imagery (e.g., [48]) to destructive misinformation (e.g., [29]). ... Law Enforcement North America. E24. Expert Woman ... Card sorting allowed us the opportunity to ...","US","2021-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [1549,"The Infodemic as a Threat to Cybersecurity","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23800992.2021.1969140","Aug 13, 2021 ... malicious e-mails or websites spreading conspiracies or disinformation. On a supranational level, the EU has proposed the Digital Services Act in an attempt ...","EU","2021-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [1550,"Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation","https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec21-kaiser.pdf","Aug 13, 2021 ... As we discuss in Section 4.8, our work poses a possible dilemma for disinformation warnings as speech regulation: warnings ... In: Proceedings of the Eu-. roUSEC ...","EU","2021-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [1551,"Is it Fake? News Disinformation Detection on South African News ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.02941","Aug 9, 2021 ... right united among know law policy senate. 0. 2000 ... misinformation-and-false-news/. [3] R. Mesthrie and E ... https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail ...","EU","2021-08-09T00:00:00"],
    [1552,"July 2021 Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior Report","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/July-2021-CIB-Report.pdf","Aug 9, 2021 ... disinformation campaigns is critical. The ... We also notified people who we believe may have been contacted by this network and shared our findings with law ...","EU","2021-08-09T00:00:00"],
    [1553,"Cyber legalism: why it fails and what to do about it","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0a2b/86c592cd8133714937720fc6e7dce2fe20a3.pdf","Aug 9, 2021 ... law—some law—is clear. The framework applies most ... https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/ · 29/world/europe/eu-huawei-5g. ... lated influence and disinformation ...","EU","2021-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [1554,"WeChat users' debunking strategies in response to COVID-19 ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/13548565221102594","Aug 8, 2021 ... In the U.S., older Americans are more likely to share fake news on Facebook (Guess et al., 2019). In the U.K., among those who shared inaccurate or made-up news ...","US","2021-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [1555,"The Foundations of Disinformation and Misinformation","https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Aspen-Info-Commission_Knowledge-Center.pdf","Aug 7, 2021 ... Decisions: EU Freedom of. Expression and the Digital. Services Act. (Christoph Schmon,. Electronic Frontier. Foundation). EU Code of Practice on. Disinformation ...","EU","2021-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [1556,"SOCIAL MEDIA AND CONFLICT: UNDERSTANDING RISKS AND ...","https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Assessing-Digital-Conflict-Risks-Resilience-073021.pdf","Aug 5, 2021 ... For example, a high-profile act of violence, such as an assassination or a terrorist attack, may spawn a wave of disinformation, hate speech, scapegoating, and/ ...","EU","2021-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [1557,"TACKLING COVID-19 MISINFORMATION","https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/vaccine-misinformation-toolkit_desktop1.pdf?sfvrsn=1da119fb_1&download=true","Aug 5, 2021 ... The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded us all of the vital role healthcare workers play to relieve suffering, save lives and keep populations informed, often at ...","US","2021-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [1558,"The role of AI in addressing misinformation on social media platforms","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/610aab37e90e0706cd12dce8/Misinformation_forum_write_up__August_2021__-_web_accessible.pdf","Aug 4, 2021 ... Misinformation and disinformation ... Misinformation is generally a legal harm, meaning that platforms can choose whether and how ... Precedent from EU courts ...","EU","2021-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [1559,"Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation","https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Double_Standards_Content_Moderation.pdf","Aug 4, 2021 ... www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html? ... misinformation-worked. 119 Danielle Abril, “Facebook ... law at NYU School of Law. His work focuses on the ...","EU","2021-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [1560,"Obstruction, delay, and transnationalism: Examining the online ...","https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/1-s2.0-S2214629621003108-main-2.pdf","Aug 5, 2021 ... Australia. Nevertheless, we can examine this ... developed legislation and built support for legislative improvements to the Act” [70]. ... Treen, H.T.P. Williams, ...","Australia","2021-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [1561,"An Empirical Procedure to Evaluate Misinformation Rejection and ...","https://academic.oup.com/ct/article-pdf/32/1/25/42192779/qtab011.pdf","Aug 4, 2021 ... What is deception? Legal and regulatory perspectives on deceptive, false, or misleading advertising. In the United States, both the Food and Drug Administration ...","US","2021-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [1562,"Post-truth politics as online abuse: How gender, race, and sexuality ...","https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/project-result-content/5402426a-4c41-485c-a42c-db598b3e9dd8/PTP_WP1_Policy_Brief__2_.pdf","Aug 3, 2021 ... Our findings have relevance for the implementation of the EU's Digital. Services Act and the Code of Practice on Disinformation, as well as national legislation ...","EU","2021-08-03T00:00:00"],
    [1563,"From the Editor—Critical Race Theory Misinformation Campaign ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10437797.2021.1949901","Aug 3, 2021 ... in our local, state and national laws over several centuries in the U.S. (West, Crenshaw et al., 1996). Recently, CRT has become a conservative political ...","US","2021-08-03T00:00:00"],
    [1564,"Fake News: Mapping the Fakeness through Scholarly Output Lenses","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aa73/52e5de2dafb73db6c23a0d3cdab288e545c3.pdf","Aug 2, 2021 ... “Computer Science,”. “Communication,” “Engineering,” “Information Science and Library Science,” and “Government Law” are the prioritised research domains in ...","EU","2021-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [1565,"the second issue of CTIC's newsletter! Misinformation continues to ...","https://ctic.nus.edu.sg/newsletter2-aug2021.pdf","Aug 2, 2021 ... can make educated decisions devoid of misinformation ... role that legislation, critical literacies and algorithms can play to mitigate the spread of.","US","2021-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [1566,"Structurizing Misinformation Stories via Rationalizing Fact-Checks","https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.51.pdf","Aug 1, 2021 ... , 2018), and Eu- rope (Fletcher et al., 2018). In ... We consider our case a fair use under the US17 copyright law, which permits limited use of copy-.","EU","2021-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [1567,"InfoSurgeon: Cross-Media Fine-grained Information Consistency ...","https://aclanthology.org/2021.acl-long.133.pdf","Aug 1, 2021 ... Fighting fake news: Image · splice detection via learned self-consistency. Eu- ropean Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pages 101–117. Page ...","EU","2021-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [1568,"The Disinformation You're Falling for on Title IX","https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Title-IX-Mythbusting-1.pdf","Aug 1, 2021 ... Title IX is a federal civil rights law that prohibits sex discrimination in schools, and for decades, Title IX has been vital for ensuring that schools ...","US","2021-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [1569,"Tackling deepfakes in European policy","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_BRIE(2021)690039(ANN)_EN.pdf","Jul 31, 2021 ... Doing so would place explicit legal ... Diplomatic actions and international agreements: The use of disinformation and deepfakes by ... http://epthinktank.eu(blog).","EU","2021-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [1570,"Tackling deepfakes in European policy","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690039/EPRS_STU(2021)690039_EN.pdf","Jul 30, 2021 ... Other keywords were 'disinformation', 'image synthesis', 'neural language model', 'regulation AND artificial intelligence' and 'voice cloning'. Since the ...","EU","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1571,"POLICY BRIEF - The Significance of Strategic Communications ...","https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/71864/QM-AX-21-031-EN-N.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jul 31, 2021 ... The Netherlands,. Indo-Pacific: Guidelines for Strengthening Dutch and EU Cooperation with Partners in Asia. 24 Council of the European Union, EU Strategy for ...","EU","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1572,"Do conspiracy theory and mistrust undermine people's intention to ...","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227240/1/103648427.pdf","Jul 30, 2021 ... nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ... Brisbane, Australia ... Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to.","Australia","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1573,"Regulation of Communications Surveillance and Access to Internet ...","https://www.kas.de/documents/275350/0/Report-on-Regulation-of-Communications-Surveillance-and-Access-to-Internet-in-Selected-African-States.pdf/66dbd47d-4d7d-2779-a595-a34e9f93cfbb?version=1.0&t=1639140695434","Jul 31, 2021 ... spreading of misinformation through other means of communication. Furthermore, a law which authorizes the imposition of restrictions on these rights must ...","Australia","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1574,"INOCULATION AGAINST FAKE NEWS?","https://ipur.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Inoculation-against-fake-news-An-experiment-using-fake-news-game-in-the-context-of-COVID-19.pdf","Jul 30, 2021 ... done in the U.S and UK. Beyond that, our ... These range from passing new laws, regulation, content labelling ... 147-69 in The. Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, ...","US","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1575,"fake news, false advertising, social media, and the tourism industry","https://www.journalijdr.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/22288.pdf","Jul 30, 2021 ... Most consumers cannot identify fake news and become a victim of misinformation. This leads us to the perception that social media consumers are not.","US","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1576,"Does explaining the origins of misinformation improve the ...","https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/28822/1/ConnorDesai%26Reimers2022.pdf","Jul 30, 2021 ... 2020), political misinformation (Swire, Berinsky, & et al. 2017; Ecker &. Ang, 2019; Guillory, 2016; Nyhan & Reifler, 2015; Gordon,. Ecker, & Lewandowsky, 2019) ...","US","2021-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [1577,"U.S. STRATEGY FOR ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES OF ...","https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Root-Causes-Strategy.pdf","Jul 29, 2021 ... We will also seek to discourage irregular migration and dispel misinformation. ... Promote legal certainty. ... ethics, and foster predictable legal and regulatory ...","EU","2021-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [1578,"Chapter 22 Health Misinformation Nan et al","https://osf.io/6mrgv/download","Jul 29, 2021 ... In response to legal and government sanctions ... Fake news on. Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. ... Fake news: Medicines misinformation by the ...","US","2021-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [1579,"The Many Dimensions of Truthfulness: Crowdsourcing ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01222","Jul 28, 2021 ... cRMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. ... detect misinformation statements. Their model is ... The majority of workers tends to use most of the judgment scale to ...","Australia","2021-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [1580,"Social Media as a Tool for Misinformation and Disinformation ...","https://lingcure.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1435/198/214","Jul 27, 2021 ... Keywords---disinformation, fake news, misinformation ... checking or editorial judgment” (Allcott & Gentzkow, 2017). ... Platforms like Facebook and Twitter have.","US","2021-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [1581,"InfoSurgeon: Cross-Media Fine-grained Information Consistency ...","https://blender.cs.illinois.edu/paper/infosurgeon2021.pdf","Jul 26, 2021 ... later taken down due to misinformation ... legal framework and professional editorial review practice safeguarding against misinformation with deceitful intents.","Australia","2021-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [1582,"Facing Falsehoods: Strategies for Polite Misinformation Correction","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/18361/3762","Jul 26, 2021 ... misinformation correction research is conducted in North America and Western Europe and is rooted in ... Act and misinformation linking the spread of ...","US","2021-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [1583,"Disinformation as a threat to national security on the example of the ...","https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-138876-69065?filename=Disinformation%20as%20a.pdf","Jul 26, 2021 ... An example is Russia, which is often very active in promoting disinformation about virus epidemics through its RT TV network, often presenting the United States ...","US","2021-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [1584,"Disinformation as a threat to national security on the example of the ...","https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.doi-10_35467_sdq_138876/c/sdq-pdf-138876-67302.pdf","Jul 26, 2021 ... An important element of the information war is disinformation which according to Eu- ropean Commission (2018) is “verifiably false or misleading information ...","EU","2021-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [1585,"SCIENCE AND HEALTH MISINFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE:","https://ppforum.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ScienceAndHealthMisinformationInTheDigitalAge-PPF-July2021-EN.pdf","Jul 22, 2021 ... He has published in leading political and general science journals such as the American Political Science. Review, Nature Human Behaviour, the British Journal ...","US","2021-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [1586,"Fast and Green Method to Control Frauds of Geographical Origin in ...","https://www.itphotonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1629879410183.pdf","Jul 21, 2021 ... European Parliament and Council of the European Union REGULATION (EU) No 1379/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 December 2013 on the ...","EU","2021-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [1587,"Welcome to our Reputation Management, Media & Privacy Insights ...","https://www.carter-ruck.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Carter-Ruck_Reputation_Management_Media_and_Privacy_Insights_1-December_2020.pdf","Jul 21, 2021 ... Leave.EU, the pro-Brexit political campaign group ... Covid-19 misinformation ... This newsletter is for general information and is not intended to provide legal ...","EU","2021-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [1588,"Epistemic vice predicts acceptance of Covid-19 misinformation","https://scholar.archive.org/work/lzy37oqcpvgbldwknfzbvbncsi/access/wayback/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7C5E1DEB5F3DC781BE45728D6D6DC13E/S1742360021000186a.pdf/div-class-title-epistemic-vice-predicts-acceptance-of-covid-19-misinformation-div.pdf","Jul 21, 2021 ... ... bill-gates-why-are-australians-gathering- to-spread-coronavirus-conspiracy-theories (accessed June 24, 2020). Episteme. 17 of use, available at https://www ...","Australia","2021-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [1589,"Levels of Trust in Information Sources as a Predictor of Protective ...","https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18418/1/Levels%20of%20Trust%20in%20Information%20Sources%20as%20a%20Predictor%20of%20Protective%20Health%20Behaviors%20During%20COVID-19%20Pandemic%20A%20UAE%20Cross-Sectional%20Study.pdf","Jul 21, 2021 ... Australia, Australia. Reviewed by: Iffat Elbarazi ... The spread of misinformation can generate confusion, hinder ... “Age differences in credibility judgment of ...","Australia","2021-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [1590,"REGULATING CYBER RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES: LEGAL ...","https://wilj.law.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1270/2021/08/38.3_447-524_Chen.pdf","Jul 20, 2021 ... England (UNE) School of Law, Armidale, NSW2351, Australia. Email: ychen56@une.edu.au. The author would liNe to thanN Professor Michael Adams, Head of UNE Law ...","Australia","2021-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [1591,"How Disinformation Circulates on Social Media Through Identity ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/07439156221103852","Jul 20, 2021 ... 10). The emphasis on intentionality builds on U.S. legal tradition. Meta-Facebook conceptualizes disinformation through. “malice” (Weedon, Nuland, and Stamos ...","US","2021-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [1592,"Neutral bots probe political bias on social media","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08141","Jul 20, 2021 ... Since the 2016 U.S. presidential election, concern has been heightened about the spread of misinformation in social media (47). We consider a list of low-.","US","2021-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [1593,"Closing remarks - 'Spread of disinformation during the pandemic ...","https://www.rcc.int/swp/download/docs/closing%20remarks%20disinformation%20conference%202021.pdf/aba9278a6e849e217c9168c8a8cd376e.pdf","Jul 19, 2021 ... on the Western Balkans.' Closing remarks by Dr Mary Drosopulos,. Consultant and Researcher (PEYR EU-CoE member). Dear friends and colleagues,.","EU","2021-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [1594,"Singaporeans' Susceptibility to False Information","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/ips-exchange-series-19.pdf","Jul 19, 2021 ... Government action, in particular regulation, has enjoyed high levels of support for many domains of Singapore life, ranging from fake news, the private car hire ...","EU","2021-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [1595,"Tech Against Terrorism – The Online Regulation Series","https://26492205.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/26492205/Tech-Against-Terrorism-%E2%80%93-The-Online-Regulation-Series-%E2%80%93-The-Handbook-2021%20(1).pdf","Jul 16, 2021 ... In some countries, policymakers have focused regulatory proposals on misinformation and disinformation. These proposals often include the power for governments ...","EU","2021-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [1596,"How Vulnerable Are Automatic Fake News Detection Methods to ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.07970","Jul 16, 2021 ... ing what is legal or illegal and what is wanted or unwanted in society. The problem here is that nei- ther law nor technology can be truly neutral. Both.","US","2021-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [1597,"Exploring online misinformation and disinformation in Asia Pacific","https://www.gsma.com/asia-pacific/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/190721-Exploring-misinformation-in-Asia-Pacific-1.pdf","Jul 15, 2021 ... To tackle this challenge, self-regulation can be complemented by co-regulation. Existing co-regulatory initiatives, such as the EU Code of Practice on.","EU","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1598,"Misinformation and Disinformation in Canadian Society. A systems ...","https://openresearch.ocadu.ca/id/eprint/3505/1/Havelin_Miriam_2021_MDes_SFI_MRP.pdf","Jul 15, 2021 ... Election laws. As part of the Elections Modernization Act in 2018 the Canadian government implemented provisions to prohibit the publishing of false statements ...","Australia","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1599,"Hate Speech, MIS- AND DISINFORMATION","https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/notohate_fact_sheets_en.pdf","Jul 15, 2021 ... Misinformation can be ... World history has shown us many times how hate rhetoric threatens ... address this phenomenon, in line with international human rights law ...","US","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1600,"Fake News, Personal Attacks, and Ideological Media Run Amok – It ...","https://alsb.wildapricot.org/resources/Documents/Proceedings/NP%202021%20Conrad.pdf","Jul 15, 2021 ... This led to the first major Federal law governing broadcasting, the Radio Act of 1912 which required all seafaring vessels to maintain 24-hour radio watch and ...","US","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1601,"Fake News and the Convention on Cybercrimel","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/atnsj7&section=29","Jul 15, 2021 ... Develop a 'model' anti-misinformation/fake news law, treaty or declaration ... Senegal, Sri Lanka, Tonga, and the United States.24 The Convention mandates what.","US","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1602,"Digital transparency task force, fair political practices commission ...","https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/DTTF/DTTF-Final-Report.pdf","Jul 15, 2021 ... Their presentation covered California law, regulatory laws on the federal level, and included discussion with the Washington State Public. Disclosure Commission ...","US","2021-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [1603,"Confronting Health Misinformation: The US Surgeon General's ...","https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-misinformation-advisory.pdf","Jul 14, 2021 ... If someone you care about has a misperception, you might be able to make inroads with them by first seeking to understand instead of passing judgment. Try new ...","US","2021-07-14T00:00:00"],
    [1604,"Misinformation in the Media and its Influence on Racism","https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1968&context=honorstheses","Jul 12, 2021 ... The fact that many African Americans continuously suffer from the effects of discrimination is no secret. Racism today in the United States of America is still ...","US","2021-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [1605,"A practical guide to doing behavioral research on fake news and ...","https://osf.io/g69ha/download","Jul 12, 2021 ... FEDERAL LAW” from “weaponstricks.com” – mean likelihood was 4.42 (slightly-to-moderately likely) for Republicans and 2.8 (slightly unlikely) for Democrats.","US","2021-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [1606,"Disinformation 2.0: Trends for 2021 and beyond","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210716_Hybrid_CoE_Working_Paper_11_Disinfo_2_0_WEB.pdf","Jul 11, 2021 ... Hybrid CoE is an international hub for practitioners and experts, building Participating States' and institutions' capabilities and enhancing EU-NATO ...","EU","2021-07-11T00:00:00"],
    [1607,"Combating fake news by empowering fact-checked news spread via ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.05016","Jul 11, 2021 ... Spread of Fake News and Misinformation. In ... The Effects of Judgment Scale and Assessor's Background. ... Australia) (WSDM '19). Association for Computing.","Australia","2021-07-11T00:00:00"],
    [1608,"Making the 'Harm Principle' Central to Approaches Against ...","https://osf.io/m4a2z/download/","Jul 10, 2021 ... misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. ... can be countered with legislation or strict code of conduct rules: the UK Online Safety Bill.","EU","2021-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [1609,"Making the 'Harm Principle' Central to Approaches Against ...","https://osf.io/m4a2z/download","Jul 10, 2021 ... ... law. There are, of course, obvious limits to free ... misinformation (falsehoods). ... The U.S. Surgeon General issued a health warning about misinformation on ...","US","2021-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [1610,"The Conspiracy Theory Defense in Response to Whistleblower ...","https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=heroism-science","Jul 10, 2021 ... misinformation. Despite this apparent difference ... “I would like you to do us a favor though” (Waldman, 2020). ... By coining a simple slogan to capture his ...","US","2021-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [1611,"Purchasing natural personal care products in the era of fake news ...","https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2770040/Postnr%2B1922506.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jul 10, 2021 ... Moreover, organizations across the globe, such as the Food and Drug. Administration (FDA) in the USA, have laid out strict rules and regula- tions for the ...","US","2021-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [1612,"Populism and COVID-19: How Populist Governments (Mis)Handle ...","https://www.ifw-kiel.de/fileadmin/Dateiverwaltung/IfW-Publications/-ifw/Kiel_Working_Paper/2021/KWP_2192_Bayerlein_Boese_Gates_Kamin_Murshed_/KWP_2192.pdf","Jul 9, 2021 ... misinformation and downplaying the pandemic are ... countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada ... Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.","Australia","2021-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [1613,"Evidence-based public policy making for medicines across countries ...","https://becarispublishing.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/cer-2020-0273","Jul 9, 2021 ... Misinformation has also played a key role with increasing antimicrobial prescribing and dispensing for patients with COVID-19 including hydroxychloroquine, ...","Australia","2021-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [1614,"Categorising fine-to-coarse grained misinformation : an empirical ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/177510/1/2106.11702v4.pdf","Jul 8, 2021 ... ... misinformation. 6 Acknowledgements. This work is funded by the EU H2020 WeVerify (grant agreement: 825297) and SoBigData++ (grant agreement: 871042) projects.","EU","2021-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [1615,"PhD Position “Emotional Misinformation — The Interplay of Emotion ...","https://www.csh.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Emomis_PhD_CSH.pdf","Jul 8, 2021 ... potential of online emotion regulation interventions to reduce misinformation spreading. ... To learn more about our research and the project, go to dgarcia.eu, ...","EU","2021-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [1616,"Code of Conduct Policy","https://ddh1drilling.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/DDH1L-Code-of-Conduct.pdf","Jul 7, 2021 ... DDH1 is committed to the fair and equal treatment of all its DDH1 Persons and abides by. Australian employment laws. DDH1 Persons and candidates for ...","Australia","2021-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [1617,"Learning in a Post-Truth World","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/168387/misinformation-v9.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jul 7, 2021 ... Misinformation has emerged as a major societal challenge in the wake of the 2016 U.S. elec- tions, Brexit, and the COVID-19 pandemic.","US","2021-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [1618,"Countering Misinformation on Social Media Through Educational ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.02775","Jul 7, 2021 ... The Journal of Law ... Fake news on twitter during the 2016 u.s. presidential election. ... Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of ...","US","2021-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [1619,"Effective state practices against disinformation: Four country case ...","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20210709_Hybrid_CoE_Research_Report_2_Effective_state_practices_against_disinformation_WEB.pdf","Jul 6, 2021 ... with disinformation”. 5 See European Commission, Joint framework on countering hybrid threats, 6 April, 2016, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/.","EU","2021-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [1620,"Regulation of election campaign finances","https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CDP-2021-0121/CDP-2021-0121.pdf","Jul 7, 2021 ... misinformation. In 2018 the Electoral Commission ... protection law during political campaigning. The ICO has ... by Vote Leave during the 2016 EU referendum.","EU","2021-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [1621,"The fight against disinformation and the right to freedom of expression","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/695445/IPOL_STU(2021)695445_EN.pdf","Jul 5, 2021 ... Table 4: Legal restrictions in EU advertising law and their possible transplantation to a platform ... For the examination of legislation and case law, methods of ...","EU","2021-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1622,"Facebook: Regulating Hate Speech in the Asia Pacific","https://r2pasiapacific.org/files/7099/2021_Facebook_hate_speech_Asia_report.pdf","Jul 5, 2021 ... online across the globe, interlinked with misinformation ... including through cybercriminal law, telecommunications law, safe spaces laws, and other measures.","EU","2021-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1623,"Misconceptions, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: A Case for ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/sifp.12232","Jul 5, 2021 ... It is hoped that future research can go on to improve our understanding of where beliefs come from, without implicit judgment as to their validity, and can ...","US","2021-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1624,"Narrative-based misinformation in India about protection against ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/plhbxwlxabd4vakgxht45ymggi/access/wayback/https://ijme.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Hurford_Narrative-based_22-26.pdf","Jul 5, 2021 ... misinformation, first, states must address misinformation ... International law requires states and state actors to take all ... us-health-coronavirus-india- cow- ...","US","2021-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [1625,"Fake News or Truth? Using Satirical Cues to Detect Potentially ...","https://aclanthology.org/W16-0802.pdf","Jul 4, 2021 ... In this study we collected and analyzed a dataset of. 360 news articles as a wide-ranging and diverse data sample, representative of the scope of US and.","US","2021-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [1626,"Fake News and the Convention on Cybercrime","https://www.athensjournals.gr/law/2021-7-3-4-Smith.pdf","Jul 3, 2021 ... ±Professor of Law, School of Law, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia. ... Develop a ‗model' anti-misinformation/fake news law, treaty or.","Australia","2021-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [1627,"Misplaced trust : When trust in science fosters belief in ...","https://www.asc.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/2021-08/misplaced%20trust.pdf","Jul 3, 2021 ... accept the judgment ... Australia's most effective pseudoscience: Climate change denial | climate change | the guardian. ... Science audiences, misinformation, and ...","Australia","2021-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [1628,"Disinformation campaigns about LGBTI+ people in the EU and ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/653644/EXPO_BRI(2021)653644_EN.pdf","Jul 2, 2021 ... Verpoest (2017) argues that Russian government LGBTI+-related policies (such as the infamous 2013 law banning so-called 'gay propaganda', see also Polsdofer ...","EU","2021-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [1629,"A “Full Stack” Approach to Public Media in the United States","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/Jolly%2520and%2520Goodman%2520-%2520public%2520media.pdf","Jul 2, 2021 ... important role in the history of U.S. media law and policy. Starting in the 1920s, the FCC's regulatory ... Bans Australia News,” New Zealand Herald, February 17, ...","Australia","2021-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [1630,"Request for an Inquiry into Regulatory Negligence: Canada's Failure ...","https://elc.uvic.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Wildsight-Elk-Valley-Submission-2021July16.pdf","Jul 2, 2021 ... We attempt to ensure the accuracy of the material provided, however the Environmental Law Centre does not warrant the quality, accuracy or completeness of ...","Australia","2021-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [1631,"Debunking Misinformation in Advertising","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_events/1588356/fongguorao_updated.pdf","Jul 2, 2021 ... We define misinformation as any message that does not follow the federal law which states “an ad must be truthful, not misleading, and, when appropriate ...","US","2021-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [1632,"The networks and narratives of anti-refugee disinformation in Europe","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/The-networks-and-narratives-of-anti-migrant-discourse-in-Europe.pdf","Jul 1, 2021 ... and breaking the law…the refugees should stay in Greece. EU member Greece is quite capable of accommodating. 13,000 migrants itself'.53. Beyond the AfD in ...","EU","2021-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1633,"YOUNG ADULTS' ABILITY TO DETECT FAKE NEWS AND THEIR ...","https://www.amity.edu/gwalior/jccc/pdf/jun_31.pdf","Jul 1, 2021 ... Over in India, the existing penal laws and Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 is used to curb the spread of fake news (Rodrigues & Xu,. 2020), where else nations like ...","Australia","2021-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1634,"COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THREAT VIA SOCIAL MEDIA","https://www.dcsa.mil/Portals/91/Documents/CI/DCSA-CI_SocialMedia_2021.pdf","Jul 1, 2021 ... Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 32 Part 117, National ... information in U.S. industry. • 51% = Total world ... Misinformation: Adversaries can spread misleading ...","US","2021-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1635,"Data and Disinformation","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/2/9473064/09473239.pdf","Jul 1, 2021 ... popular during the U.S. presidential elections in. November 2016.1 The first publicly known case of fake news was reported back in 1807, when U.S.. President ...","US","2021-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1636,"CMS-9909- Surprise Billing disclaimer","https://www.cms.gov/files/document/cms-9909-ifc-surprise-billing-disclaimer-50.pdf","Jul 1, 2021 ... communities, including lack of trust arising from historical inequities, misinformation about the ... applicable state and federal law. In addition ... U.S. in 2019 ...","US","2021-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [1637,"DEFENDING AGAINST RISING AUTHORITARIANISM","https://www.usglc.org/media/2021/06/USGLC_RoR-Defending-Against-Rising-Authoritarianism.pdf","Jun 30, 2021 ... USGLC's Roadmap · for U.S. Global Leadership ... National Intelligence Law ... Anti-democratic forces have capitalized on the rapidly evolving information ...","US","2021-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [1638,"EDGE OF THE INFODEMIC Challenging Misinformation in Aotearoa","https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/media/documents/The_Edge_of_the_Infodemic.pdf","Jun 29, 2021 ... The linkage between conspiracy theories and real-world harm had been concerning us at the. Classification Office for some time prior to the pandemic. The ...","US","2021-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [1639,"Regulatory Strategy","https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2021-12/Regulatory%20Strategy_Final%20Consultation%20Report.pdf","Jun 28, 2021 ... principle of primacy of EU law and the obligation to set aside conflicting domestic ... Act (CJA) ... communication & website messages) to counter misinformation.","EU","2021-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [1640,"Loaded Language and Conspiracy Theorizing","https://escholarship.org/content/qt4wd9b270/qt4wd9b270_noSplash_9eeb08803d5d748360fb6ce19803be5a.pdf","Jun 28, 2021 ... While research on automatic fake news detection and hate speech detection dates to the mid-2010s, automatic conspiracy theory detection has only received recent.","Australia","2021-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [1641,"Don't Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/246740/1/Full-text-article-Iglesias-Keller-Don_t-shoot-the.pdf","Jun 27, 2021 ... ... Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital. Space, Romanian Journal of ... 2021); and CARSON; FALLON,. Fighting Fake News: A study of online misinformation ...","EU","2021-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [1642,"Social Responsibility and Misleading Advertising of Health Products ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/188a/2702ade9fb05a85fefcdd882f280fd1e8770.pdf","Jun 28, 2021 ... The results show that only 10% of them know the legislation, although almost 90% of those surveyed consider it necessary to have legislative knowledge, and for ...","Australia","2021-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [1643,"Twitter and Endorsed (Fake) News: The Influence of Endorsement ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/18187/3776","Jun 27, 2021 ... Moreover, its design and exclusive use allow us to investigate the different cases of news ... People's judgment is also affected by how others around them think ...","US","2021-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [1644,"Fake news and misinformation detection on headlines of COVID-19 ...","https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJDS.2020.115873","Jun 26, 2021 ... Finally, this paper provides an algorithm-based ranking method for mainstream media credibilities. The result indicates that mainstream media channels in the US ...","US","2021-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [1645,"The impact of disinformation campaigns about migrants and minority ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2021/653641/EXPO_IDA(2021)653641_EN.pdf","Jun 24, 2021 ... Policymakers have responded by proposing and introducing legislation designed to tackle this problem, both at European Union (EU) level and in Member States (MS) ...","EU","2021-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [1646,"5 Media systems and misinformation Media systems","https://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16976/1/Hardy%20%282021%29%20Media%20Systems%20and%20Misinformation.pdf","Jun 24, 2021 ... Bayer, J. (ed) (2019) Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its member states ...","EU","2021-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [1647,"Dictating the Internet: Curtailing Free Expression and Information ...","https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Thailand-Dictating-the-Internet-FoE-Publication-2021-ENG.pdf","Jun 24, 2021 ... 84. Article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) provides: “A party ... misinformation- · online-relating-to-covid-19/. 197 ... Australia. Ms ...","Australia","2021-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [1648,"Information Note - Measures to tackle disinformation in selected places","https://www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/2021in14-measures-to-tackle-disinformation-in-selected-places-20210623-e.pdf","Jun 23, 2021 ... EU member states to implement their own legislative measures to regulate online disinformation. In particular, Germany enacted the Network. Enforcement Act ...","EU","2021-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [1649,"TIME TO BAN SURVEILLANCE-BASED ADVERTISING","https://storage02.forbrukerradet.no/media/2021/06/20210622-final-report-time-to-ban-surveillance-based-advertising.pdf","Jun 22, 2021 ... Some of the issues related to surveillance-based advertising are already regulated in the EU through the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the ...","EU","2021-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [1650,"DISINFORMATION IN SCOTTISH PUBLIC LIFE - AN OVERVIEW OF ...","https://www.stewartmcdonald.scot/files/disinformation-in-scottish-public-life-june-2021.pdf","Jun 20, 2021 ... ... Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in ... EU referendum.13 Absent a clear statement from ... Accessed: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/social-media- ...","EU","2021-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [1651,"ATTITUDES OF MONTENEGRO'S CITIZENS ON DISINFORMATION ...","https://www.unicef.org/montenegro/sites/unicef.org.montenegro/files/2021-06/%28ENG%29%20IPSOS%20Conspiracy%20theories%20report%20for%20publishing%20edited.pdf","Jun 20, 2021 ... It is just a conspiracy by the world's elite to deprive us of our freedom. ... misinformation and conspiracy ... VIEWS ON SOCIETY AND THE RULE OF LAW AND BELIEF IN.","US","2021-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [1652,"Countering online vaccine misinformation in the EU/EEA","https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Countering-online-vaccine-misinformation-in-the-EU-EEA.pdf","Jun 19, 2021 ... ... eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020JC0008. Page 9. ECDC TECHNICAL REPORT. Countering online vaccine misinformation in the EU/EEA. 8. 2. Methodology. This ...","EU","2021-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [1653,"CanCOVID Issue Note Misinformation and disinformation in relation ...","https://cancovid.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CanCOVID-Issue-Note-misinformation-EN.pdf","Jun 18, 2021 ... Stronger agreement with misinformation was ... • Crafting an EU Disinformation Framework ... disinformation: Journal of Media Law: Vol 12, No 2 · (tandfonline.com).","EU","2021-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [1654,"Islamic corporate governance and financial statements fraud: A ...","http://lib.unnes.ac.id/58909/1/8%20Islamic%20Corporate%20Governance%20and%20Financial.pdf","Jun 18, 2021 ... We suggest that every SSB should have experts in those fields to complement the expertise in. Islamic legal fields. ... Australia, 2011). Of the three types of ...","Australia","2021-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [1655,"Propanal: An Overview of Early U.S. Propaganda Analysis and Its ...","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1157493.pdf","Jun 18, 2021 ... Are propaganda, misinformation, disinformation, and deception actually related? What exactly is propaganda? This question does not stop at simply defining the ...","Australia","2021-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [1656,"Algorithmic misogynoir in content moderation practice","https://eu.boell.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/HBS-e-paper-Algorithmic-Misogynoir-in-Content-Moderation-Practice-200621_FINAL.pdf","Jun 16, 2021 ... Cornell Law School – Legal Information Institute. ... https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2019/02 ... Social Media: Misinformation and Content Moderation ...","EU","2021-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1657,"Election Officials Under Attack","https://www.brennancenter.org/media/7794/download","Jun 16, 2021 ... involved should include state and federal law enforcement ... 66 Erin Simpson and Adam Conner, “Fighting Coronavirus. Misinformation and Disinformation,” Center ...","US","2021-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1658,"The First Amendment, Fake News, and Filter Bubbles","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/napo18454-005/pdf","Jun 16, 2021 ... priate legal and regulatory frameworks. A key ... atically win out over misinformation. ... 109 Recent research tells us that “fact checks of fake news almost.","US","2021-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [1659,"DISINFORMATION AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION WITNESS ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/WITNESS.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... It is not unrealistic to imagine how this type of authenticity infrastructure could be weaponized via the legislative opportunism of 'fake news' laws against ...","EU","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1660,"RUSSIA'S STRATEGY IN CYBERSPACE","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/Nato-Cyber-Report_15-06-2021.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... Support EU and national governments in enhancing digital security, such as through advocating better data privacy and social media regulation: NATO can play a ...","EU","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1661,"The AFCA Approach to misleading conduct","https://www.afca.org.au/media/576/download","Jun 15, 2021 ... Misleading and deceptive conduct in relation to financial products or services is prohibited under the Australian Consumer Law. Misleading and deceptive conduct ...","Australia","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1662,"'Thank you for sharing' A Deliberative Forum on Disinformation","https://www.newmandala.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SEARBO-Deliberative-forum-on-Disinformation-Philippines_FINAL.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... 'misinformation,' and explained ... proposed an anti-fake news law in the Philippines, with the caveat that this law ... Canberra ACT 2600 Australia. Overall Chief ...","Australia","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1663,"A Crisis of Liberalism: Misinformation Regulation on Social Media ...","https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2021/holloway_margaret.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... Expressing our ideas is for us a means of placing ourselves as one particular individual among the many others around us. The digital era has expanded the ...","US","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1664,"NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MISINFORMATION: STRATEGIC ...","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28884/revisions/w28884.rev0.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... This creates an endogenous echo chamber—filter bubble. —that makes misinformation spread virally. We use this framework to understand how regulation can ...","US","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1665,"INTERNET SPEECH PROBLEMS – RESPONSIBILITY AND ...","https://aldia.microjuris.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Dialnet-SocietalChallengesInTheSmartSociety-769585-169-180.pdf","Jun 15, 2021 ... And since the US presidential election of 2016, the issue of fake news ... misinformation, human rights advocates fear that the purpose of the legislation is to ...","US","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1666,"From Believing to Sharing: Examining the Effects of Partisan Media's ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/18132/3748","Jun 15, 2021 ... This lends us to expect that partisans would have higher engagement intentions with ingroup media than outgroup media in the context of misinformation ...","US","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1667,"THE DISASTER OF 'ALTERNATIVE FACTS': MISINFORMATION ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48646646","Jun 15, 2021 ... traditional and social media from the inception of the. Trump campaign. While many might argue that the former. United States President was battling a ...","US","2021-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [1668,"The Use of SLAPPs to Silence Journalists, NGOs and Civil Society","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/694782/IPOL_STU(2021)694782_EN.pdf","Jun 14, 2021 ... the overarching structure of EU legal reform is concerned, EU legislation would require the careful articulation of bespoke definitions and methods of ...","EU","2021-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [1669,"Disinformation.","https://hls.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Harvard-Law-Bulletin_Summer21.pdf","Jun 14, 2021 ... model for the law school classroom. By the late '80s, the legal establishment had “crushed us like bugs,” says Duncan Kennedy, HLS professor emeritus and.","US","2021-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [1670,"Nutrition Misinformation","https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/print-publications/t/nutrition-misinformation-t-3124.pdf","Jun 14, 2021 ... There are many federal and state agencies that regulate against health fraud. However, misleading claims about food and nutrients are difficult to control.","US","2021-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [1671,"Flow of online misinformation during the peak of the COVID-19 ...","https://iris.unive.it/retrieve/handle/10278/3741246/242431/Caldarelli_et_al-2021-EPJ_Data_Science.pdf","Jun 14, 2021 ... statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use ... Detecting misinformation campaigns and investigating pollution in online political de-.","EU","2021-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [1672,"Dataset of Propaganda Techniques of the State-Sponsored ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07544","Jun 14, 2021 ... Propaganda techniques, commonly used in disinformation and misinformation, are the way that propaganda is conveyed [10], such detection allows <requires ...","Australia","2021-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [1673,"After the Attack: Lessons for Governments and Journalists in ...","https://www.icct.nl/sites/default/files/2022-12/Lessons-for-Governments-and-Journalists-in-Reporting-Terrorist-Incide.pdf","Jun 14, 2021 ... The major project areas concern countering violent extremism, rule of law, foreign fighters, country and regional analysis, rehabilitation, civil society.","US","2021-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [1674,"When classification accuracy is not enough: Explaining news ...","https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/137736/CONICET_Digital_Nro.5a1b572a-2201-4eb8-b869-c501dd948300_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Jun 12, 2021 ... Misinformation is widely considered a crucial challenge for modern societies. ... 3 https://weverify.eu/verification-plugin/. 4 ... new legislation on policing.","EU","2021-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [1675,"The Big Read: Conspiracy theories, scientific misinterpretations ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/todayonline_the-big-read-conspiracy-theories-scientific-misinterpretations-plain-ignorance-abound-in-covid-19-infodemic_120621.pdf","Jun 12, 2021 ... falsehoods in which Singapore's fake news law ... numerous than those flagged by the fake news law, which on its own, is insufficient to ... And in the US, ...","US","2021-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [1676,"Countering disinformation and protecting democratic communication ...","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/FP_20210611_encryption_gursky_woolley.pdf","Jun 11, 2021 ... For example, stricter advertising disclosure laws would prevent “influence farms” coordinating on EMAs from spreading untraceable political messaging. Page 2. 2.","EU","2021-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1677,"On the Wrongs of Fake News","https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3744&context=cmc_theses","Jun 11, 2021 ... He claims that the Categorical Imperative commands us to not lie. Kant reasons that if we were to believe that our decision to lie would be made a universal law ...","US","2021-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1678,"Machine Learning Approach to Detect Fake News, Misinformation in ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3463677.3463762","Jun 11, 2021 ... For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). DG.O'21, June 9–11, 2021, Omaha, NE, USA. © 2021 Copyright held by the owner/ ...","US","2021-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [1679,"Rapid Evidence Assessment on Online Misinformation and Media ...","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/220403/rea-online-misinformation.pdf","Jun 9, 2021 ... Tackling disinformation: EU regulation of the digital space. Romanian ... Disinformation and misinformation triangle: A conceptual model for \"fake news ...","EU","2021-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [1680,"Development of the 12-Item Social Media Disinformation Scale and ...","https://formative.jmir.org/2021/6/e27280/PDF","Jun 9, 2021 ... COVID-19 misinformation trends in Australia: Prospective longitudinal national survey. J Med Internet Res 2021 Jan 07;23(1):e23805 [FREE Full text] [doi ...","Australia","2021-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [1681,"Who Cares About Free Speech?","https://futurefreespeech.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Report_Who-cares-about-free-speech_21052021.pdf","Jun 8, 2021 ... Opinions about the regulation of social media content are sensitive to whether the issue is linked to statements about fake news or the repression of free ...","EU","2021-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [1682,"A Model of Online Misinformation","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w28884.pdf?abstractid=3861413","Jun 8, 2021 ... Lastly, we show how direct regulation of platform algorithms can reduce misinformation ... 4As of August 2021, federal law protects social media platforms from ...","US","2021-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [1683,"Overview of the TREC 2020 Health Misinformation Track","https://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec29/papers/OVERVIEW.HM.pdf","Jun 8, 2021 ... The narrative and evidence fields were created to assist the assessors in document judgment and were not to be used by the participants to generate automatic ...","US","2021-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [1684,"Journalism, Truth and the Restoration of Trust in Democracy The ...","https://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2021/wp-7-michailidou-et-al.pdf","Jun 7, 2021 ... Subsequently, we discuss the EU's anti-fake news strategy and proposed relevant news media actions in light of the three digital transformations and public ...","EU","2021-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [1685,"A Model of Online Misinformation","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28884/w28884.pdf","Jun 6, 2021 ... Lastly, we show how direct regulation of platform algorithms can reduce misinformation ... 4As of August 2021, federal law protects social media platforms from ...","US","2021-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [1686,"Fighting the Infodemic on Two Fronts: Reducing False Beliefs ...","https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77103/1/10755470211020411.pdf","Jun 6, 2021 ... misinformation (World Health Organization, 2020). ... However, related research on narratives suggests that a more lenient judgment will be passed ... demic in the ...","US","2021-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [1687,"Texts, Lies, and Mediascapes: Communication Technologies and ...","https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjeap/article/view/71981/54914","Jun 5, 2021 ... principals in Australia ... Consider, for example, the California Parent Empowerment Act which was signed into law a de-.","Australia","2021-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [1688,"Causal Understanding of Fake News Dissemination on Social Media","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10580","Jun 5, 2021 ... /unobserved varies for reasons that are unknown to us. ... Typically, popularity-related measures follow power law distribu-.","US","2021-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [1689,"Fake news outbreak 2021: Can we stop the viral spread?","https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/266444508/1_s2.0_S1084804521001326_main.pdf","Jun 4, 2021 ... such as rumors, clickbaits, misinformation and disinformation. ... a https://www.eu-startups.com/directory/fake-news-guard/. ... https://www.loc.gov/law/help/fake- ...","EU","2021-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1690,"Many untrue statements were made about Wetherspoon during the ...","https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/~/media/files/pdf-documents/wetherspoon-news/does-truth-matter_.pdf","Jun 4, 2021 ... Released : 02 Jun 2021 13:20. The Telegraph newspaper published an article online yesterday (“Wetherspoons boss calls for more EU migration as bars and ...","EU","2021-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1691,"Fake news outbreak 2021: Can we stop the viral spread?","https://researchportal.tuni.fi/files/55510178/Fake_news_outbreak_2021._Can_we_stop_the_viral_spread..._2021.pdf","Jun 4, 2021 ... misinformation. – Sharing misinformation is a crime by law;. – Imposition of a fine. United States disinformation, misinformation. – Proposed a federal law;.","US","2021-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1692,"Documenting and Addressing Harassment of Election Officials","https://www.calvoter.org/sites/default/files/cvf_addressing_harassment_of_election_officials_report.pdf","Jun 4, 2021 ... Finally, the unique legal, political, and financial challenges associated with being an election official in the U.S. create vulnerability for election ...","US","2021-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [1693,"DISINFORMATION AND MISINFORMATION IN ARMENIA","https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Disinformation-in-Armenia_En-v3.pdf","Jun 3, 2021 ... While civil society advocates for self-regulation, media literacy education, and strategic planning for long- term solutions to disinformation, the state has ...","EU","2021-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [1694,"“Go Green, Go Paperless” Messages Are Misleading","https://www.twosides.info/documents/factsheets/Go-Green-Go-Paperless-Messages-Are-Missleading.pdf","Jun 3, 2021 ... ... Disinformation disseminated by an ... businesses (115,700 EU). Most commonly, the ... This legislation will extend beyond advertising and marketing to.","EU","2021-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [1695,"Regulating news and disinformation on digital platforms: Self ...","https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.888941810946996","Jun 2, 2021 ... Second, co-regulation was the approach the Australian. Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) recommended for both news remuneration and disinformation in ...","Australia","2021-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [1696,"The Impact of “Manipulated News” on Student Attitudes and ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211019715","Jun 2, 2021 ... The growth of “fake” news ... with “imagination” and misinformation (Cheng & Lo, 2012, ... Richard Krever is Professor in the Faculty of Business, Arts, Law, and ...","Australia","2021-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [1697,"MSS late resolution 2: Medical Misinformation in the Age of Social ...","https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2021-06/mss-late-resolution-2.pdf","Jun 2, 2021 ... Center for American Progress;2020. 19. McKnelly M. Untangling SESTA/FOSTA: How the Internet's 'Knowledge' Threatens Anti-. Sex Trafficking Law. Berkeley ...","US","2021-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [1698,"Disinformation and Propaganda Target Europe – Russia's ...","https://studiadesecuritate.uken.krakow.pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/06/1_Jacuch.pdf","Jun 1, 2021 ... integration into the EU and NATO, to initiate reviews of the borders and norms of in- ternational law that have been in place since the end of the Second World ...","EU","2021-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [1699,"Public policy and digital technologies: The role of National Human ...","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Business/B-Tech/b-tech-blog-policy-coherence-nhris-tech.pdf","May 30, 2021 ... The UNGPs call on States to “act in a manner compatible with (…) ... For instance, the German procurement law seeks to align the governments procurement practices ...","EU","2021-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1700,"Digital Voter Manipulation:","https://www.kas.de/documents/280229/0/Digital+Voter+Manipulation+Report.pdf/910ccef1-3d4e-1f58-0d4c-70f0509a1e89?version=1.1&t=1624704090405","May 29, 2021 ... false digital identities, fake accounts, fabricated content, fake news ... regulation to limit such powers. On the part of ... a distinction between disinformation ...","Australia","2021-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [1701,"Social Media Self-Regulation and the Rise of Vaccine Misinformation","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=jli","May 28, 2021 ... CURBING VACCINE MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION ... https://europa.eu/european-union/law/legal ... 223 Samuel Stolton, EU Commission Presses Platforms to De- ...","EU","2021-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1702,"Disinformation: From Understanding Its Causes to Implementing ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Final-agenda.-JRC-workshop-on-Tackling-Disinformation.-May-2021-2.pdf","May 28, 2021 ... As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to support EU policies with independent evidence ...","EU","2021-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1703,"Overconfidence in news judgments is associated with false news ...","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2019527118","May 28, 2021 ... U.S.A. 117, 15536–15545 (2020). 15. J. Roozenbeek, S. Van Der Linden, Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Palg.","US","2021-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [1704,"Regulating Disinformation in Europe: Implications for Speech and ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Regulating-Disinformation-in-Europe.pdf","May 27, 2021 ... 24, 2018), https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/ dae/document.cfm?doc_id=54456. 30. See Regulation of the European Parliament an of the Council on a Single Market for ...","EU","2021-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1705,"Regulating Disinformation in Europe: Implications for Speech and ...","https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=ucijil","May 27, 2021 ... 24, 2018), https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/ dae/document.cfm?doc_id=54456. 30. See Regulation of the European Parliament an of the Council on a Single Market for ...","EU","2021-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1706,"Misinformation and its stakeholders in Europe: a web-based analysis","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09218","May 27, 2021 ... Renda A.: The legal framework to address ”fake news”: possible policy actions at the EU level. European Parliament, (2018). 4. EBU.: Market Insights, Trust in ...","EU","2021-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1707,"Regulation and Enforcement of Influencer Marketing After Ten Years ...","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=jetlaw","May 27, 2021 ... As the primary US regulator of advertising practices, the FTC's foray into social media marketing was inevitable. Over the last few years, the FTC has provided ...","US","2021-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [1708,"Combating Fake News with “Reasonable Standards”","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1819&context=hastings_comm_ent_law_journal","May 26, 2021 ... Part II will then provide a comparative overview of the public regulation of online political speech in the European Union and address concerns of censorship ...","EU","2021-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1709,"The role of artificial intelligence in disinformation","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7C4BF6CA35184F149143DE968FC4C3B6/S2632324921000201a.pdf/the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-disinformation.pdf","May 26, 2021 ... Regulation. (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and ...","EU","2021-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [1710,"Disinformation affecting the EU: tackled but not tamed","https://www.eca.europa.eu/lists/ecadocuments/sr21_09/sr_disinformation_en.pdf","May 25, 2021 ... Source: ECA. 12 Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a single market for digital services (Digital ...","EU","2021-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [1711,"An Antitrust Framework for False Advertising","https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/sites/ilr.law.uiowa.edu/files/2023-02/Carrier_Tushnet.pdf","May 25, 2021 ... Federal law also presumes that false advertising is harmless or even helpful to competition. Contradiction is not unknown to the law, of course. This.","US","2021-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [1712,"Platform Power and Regulatory Politics: Polanyi for the 21st Century","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3860220_code370901.pdf?abstractid=3859075&mirid=1","May 24, 2021 ... “fake news,” disinformation, and harassment. The ... legislation and regulatory rules ... The EU's proposed legal framework for platform regulation may.","EU","2021-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [1713,"Regulating Data Breaches: A Data Superfund Statute","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=jetlaw","May 24, 2021 ... omnibus privacy laws like the European Union's General Data. Protection Regulation and the California Consumer Privacy Act as a solution. However, these ...","EU","2021-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [1714,"Fake News: Os Desafios para o Direito Penal","https://repositorio.ucp.pt/bitstream/10400.14/35982/1/202786480.pdf","May 25, 2021 ... ... eu/legal- content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2020:790:FIN. Última vez consultado a 24.05.2021. EUROPEAN COMISSION, Action Plan against Disinformation, Brussels, 2018.","EU","2021-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [1715,"Covid-19 Financial Fraud Tele-Conference","https://www.sec.gov/files/2021%20NYRO%20Fordham%20event%20Invite_508.pdf","May 24, 2021 ... Join the U.S. Securities and. Exchange Commission,. Fordham Law School and. Gabelli School of Business for a conversation about online investing misinformation,.","US","2021-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [1716,"The human component in social media and fake news: the ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13825577.2021.1918842","May 23, 2021 ... Ever since David Cameron announced the UK's EU referendum in. February 2016, discussions about Fake News during the Brexit campaign have been thriving and ...","EU","2021-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [1717,"Social Norms and Misinformation: Experimental Evidence on ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/235451/1/cesifo1_wp9081.pdf","May 22, 2021 ... Notes: Self-reported level of agreement about the following behavior during menstruation: (a) Cook for the family, (b) Avoid going to the market/bazaar (c) Go ...","EU","2021-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [1718,"SOK: Fake News Outbreak 2021: Can We Stop the Viral Spread?","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.10671","May 22, 2021 ... ... misinformation and disinformation ... 9https://www.eu-startups.com/directory/fake-news-guard/ ... – No specific law but there is general legislation against fake ...","EU","2021-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [1719,"How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/2gpqszhc7vapde3mztwkrhgmze/access/wayback/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2E045F4C17741EAD87F7D5D318560F01/S1138741621000238a.pdf/div-class-title-how-can-psychological-science-help-counter-the-spread-of-fake-news-div.pdf","May 21, 2021 ... judgment. Journal of Personality and Social ... misinformation and fake news through inoculation and ... on citizens' EU attitudes. Journal of Elections ...","EU","2021-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1720,"Governing AI","https://community.lawschool.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Shackelford-Dockery-final.pdf","May 21, 2021 ... One possible explanation for the lack of judicial ... EU primary law (the Treaties of the European Union and ... disinformation; an approach that could be copied in ...","EU","2021-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1721,"Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/TikTok-Transparency-Report-May-2021.pdf","May 21, 2021 ... When warranted, we will report the accounts to relevant legal authorities. We allow content on our platform that counters misinformation. We therefore take ...","Australia","2021-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1722,"Attribution Across Cyber Attack Types: Network Intrusions and ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782661/9309127/09411871.pdf","May 21, 2021 ... Tran, “The law of attribution: Rules for attributing the source of ... australia/cyber-defense-c ... Ferrara, “Bots, elections, and social media: A brief overview,”.","Australia","2021-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1723,"The Presumed Influence of COVID-19 Misinformation on Social ...","https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/ce75cf7e-f168-45eb-ad23-e421be11d85d/PubMedCentral/ce75cf7e-f168-45eb-ad23-e421be11d85d.pdf","May 21, 2021 ... In contrast, anxiety only took effects in facilitating public support for restrictive actions in the U.S. This study conducted survey research in China and the ...","US","2021-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [1724,"Bots and Misinformation Spread on Social Media: Implications for ...","https://www.jmir.org/2021/5/e26933/PDF","May 20, 2021 ... 3-7, 2017; Perth, Australia p. 963-972. [doi ... Is this the era of misinformation yet: combining social bots and fake news to deceive the ... law-sb-1001-now- ...","Australia","2021-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [1725,"Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill","https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/33/joint_committee_on_media_tourism_arts_culture_sport_and_the_gaeltacht/submissions/2021/2021-05-20_opening-statement-rory-coveney-director-of-strategy-rte_en.pdf","May 19, 2021 ... At present however the Bill excludes misinformation or 'fake news' as a category from the definitions of online harm. In RTÉ's view this is a very ...","EU","2021-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [1726,"Digital Disinformation and the Need for Internet Co-regulation in ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d79e/0993147f65cdea598ca8fab4b8ef146f1215.pdf","May 17, 2021 ... Keyword: Co-regulation, disinformation, fake news, ... Misinformation, disinformation or the glamour term 'fake news ... online in Malaysia: Lessons from Australia.","Australia","2021-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [1727,"Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages","https://research.cbs.dk/files/68331697/1098730_Fake_News_Detection_in_Low_Resource_Languages_18053.pdf","May 17, 2021 ... Deep Learning; Machine Learning Mastery: Vermont, VIC, Australia. ... Fake news: A legal perspective. Journal Of ... Pearson. Shu, K., Wang, S., Lee, D. & Liu, H. ( ...","Australia","2021-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [1728,"Transparency in the regulation of online safety","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/220448/transparency-in-online-safety.pdf","May 15, 2021 ... ... Regulation, created in 2016, is a regulation in EU law on data ... EU's legal framework on illegal content, transparent advertising, and disinformation.","EU","2021-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1729,"Facebook response to the Australian disinformation and ...","https://digi.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Facebook-commitments-under-disinfo-and-misinfo-code-final-report.pdf","May 15, 2021 ... Specific commitments are listed under each of those headings. 4 A Carson, Fighting Fake News: A Study of Online Misinformation Regulation in the Asia-Pacific,.","EU","2021-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1730,"Criminal Law at the Limit: Countering False Claims in Elections and ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-2230.12615","May 15, 2021 ... ... Act 1983 (the 1983 Act), a provision applied to the 2016 EU referendum by section 32 of Schedule 1 of the European Ref- erendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016.","EU","2021-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [1731,"Information Age Imperialism: China, 'Race,' and Neo-Colonialism in ...","https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2605&context=umialr","May 14, 2021 ... 27, 2019, 7:01 PM), https://africatimes.com/2019/10/27/is-china-the- neocolonial-power-in-africa/. Page 4. 2020]. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI INTER-AMERICAN LAW REVIEW.","China","2021-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [1732,"Political Preferences, Knowledge, and Misinformation About COVID ...","http://www.realp.unb.br/jspui/bitstream/10482/42629/1/ARTIGO_PoliticalPreferencesKnowledge.pdf","May 14, 2021 ... in a Chinese laboratory to increase China's economic power. ... misinformation to be the flip side of knowledge. ... Policy Law 36, 1021–1059. doi: 10.1215/03616878 ...","China","2021-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [1733,"“International law and policy on disinformation in the context of ...","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/a/485606.pdf","May 14, 2021 ... administrative authority, in accordance with the EU member States' national legal systems, of requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an ...","EU","2021-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [1734,"Initiatives on fake news and disinformation","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/635416","May 14, 2021 ... 21 EU Charter, Article 14 ECHR combined with Article 1 Protocol n°12 ECHR). • Rule of law (Article 2 TEU + prerequisite for the protection of all fundamental ...","EU","2021-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [1735,"Anticipating global and diffuse risks to prevent conflict and ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13510347.2021.1940968","May 14, 2021 ... Act, 116th Congress (2019–2020). 7. On EU democracy promotion vis-à-vis it eastern and southern neighbourhood see e.g. Youngs,. “The European Union and ...","EU","2021-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [1736,"Political Misinformation in the Digital Age During a Pandemic ...","https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/256878/1/9782889764549.PDF","May 14, 2021 ... Judgment Decis. Mak. 15, 476–498. doi: 10.31234 ... Australian National University, Australia ... the WHO to combat misinformation and fake news regarding a.","Australia","2021-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [1737,"Communicating Corrected Risk Assessments and Uncertainty About ...","https://estudogeral.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/100820/1/fcomm-06-646066.pdf","May 14, 2021 ... Charles Sturt University, Australia. *Correspondence ... and misinformation (Pulido et al., 2020; Graham ... Law, and R. Arie (London: Macmillan), 51–66. doi ...","Australia","2021-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [1738,"Policy Paper","https://hertieschool-f4e6.kxcdn.com/fileadmin/2_Research/1_About_our_research/2_Research_centres/6_Jacques_Delors_Centre/Publications/20210511_Policy-Paper_Obendiek_Digital-Sovereignty.pdf","May 12, 2021 ... For example, the EU Cybersecurity Act establishes voluntary rather than mandatory minimum standards, while, in the area of disinformation, the de- cision to ...","EU","2021-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [1739,"COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251605&type=printable","May 12, 2021 ... Australia, 3 Khulna University of Engineering and ... Islamic law [44]. ... https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1454572 PMID: 29553872. 7. Scheufele DA, Krause NM ...","Australia","2021-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [1740,"Civil Society Responses to Singapore's Online “Fake News” Law","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/17910/3593","May 10, 2021 ... Ruan, Knockel, and Crete-Nishihata (2020) elaborated on this concept further, by arguing that the Chinese state escalates from social media censorship to public.","China","2021-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1741,"Source alerts can reduce the harms of foreign disinformation","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/arnold_source_alerts_foreign_disinformation_20210510.pdf","May 10, 2021 ... GLM, agreement with the truthfulness of the information in the social media post. Facebook Conditions. Twitter Conditions. Democrats. Republicans. Democrats.","China","2021-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1742,"Influence Operations and Disinformation on Social Media","https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep27510.9.pdf","May 10, 2021 ... From China's disinformation campaigns that painted Hong. Kong democracy protestors as violent and unpopular dissidents (Wong, Shepherd and. Liu 2019), to ...","China","2021-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [1743,"Fake news, epistemic coverage and trust","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4911&context=soss_research","May 9, 2021 ... These are the kinds of news stories that claim that Australia doesn't exist, 9/11 was an inside job, Pizzagate happened,. Covid-19 is either a hoax or a ...","Australia","2021-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [1744,"Disinformation-in-Tigray-Manufacturing-Consent-For-a-Secessionist ...","https://aepact.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Disinformation-in-Tigray-Manufacturing-Consent-For-a-Secessionist-War.pdf","May 9, 2021 ... Tigray to respect law”, Fana Broadcasting. Corporation, February 25, 2021. 51 “Ethiopian Government and UN strike deal for. 'unimpeded' humanitarian access in ...","Australia","2021-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [1745,"America's Presidential Crisis of Legitimacy: How the Electoral ...","https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2813&context=scripps_theses","May 8, 2021 ... Law and Philosophy Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Race Commons, Law and Society ... “'We Won': Trump Spreads Misinformation about 2020 Election during ...","Australia","2021-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [1746,"Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3411764.3445642","May 8, 2021 ... Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Science, 363, 6425 (2019),. 374-378. [25] Che, X., Metaxa-Kakavouli, D ...","US","2021-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [1747,"Quality Information for All – Numbers Matter National Statistics ...","https://www.nsb.ie/media/nsbie/pdfdocs/NSB_Statement_of_Strategy_2021_2026.pdf","May 7, 2021 ... 9 Regulation (EU) No 538/2014 amending Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 ... enshrined in law, is perhaps the most ... misinformation. • Developing alternative sources ...","EU","2021-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1748,"From Factâ•'checking to Valueâ•'checking: Normative Reasoning in ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-923X.12999","May 7, 2021 ... ethics and regulation to fears over fake news, ... 2020 US presidential election campaign to flag ... and online misinformation, fact checking adapts',. The ...","US","2021-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [1749,"One-Child Policy","https://ww1.odu.edu/content/dam/odu/col-dept/asian-studies/docs/research-papers/wayne-chanvol1.pdf","May 6, 2021 ... Chinese law stipulates that adult children must support their elderly parents and provide them with financial assistance, so they are largely dependent on ...","China","2021-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1750,"MISINFORMATION POLICY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: From Laws ...","https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/50175/9781914386053.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","May 6, 2021 ... Facebook, Google, Twitter urged by EU to do more against fake news. ... Bad Law – Legal and Regulatory Responses to Misinformation in ... misinformation, the report ...","EU","2021-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1751,"Combatting Visual Fake News with a Professional Fact-Checking ...","https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1557509/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 6, 2021 ... International organizations, like UNESCO and the European Union, underscore the im- portance of education to promote so-called media and information literacy as ...","EU","2021-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1752,"Spy The Billion Dollar Business Of Surveillance Advertising To Kids","https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/i-Spy__NEF.pdf","May 6, 2021 ... advertising regulation, because regulation remains ... the misinformation that stoked fires in the US ... This is illegal under the US federal Fair Housing Act,.","US","2021-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [1753,"Fact or Fake? Tackling Science Disinformation","https://allea.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Fact-or-Fake-Discussion-Paper.pdf","May 5, 2021 ... The heated debate around climate change shows us how challenging it is to find, understand and communicate scientific evidence. Page 19. 17. ALLEA Discussion ...","US","2021-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [1754,"Misconceptions, Misinformation and Politics of COVID-19 on Social ...","https://www.exemplars.health/-/media/files/egh/resources/ecr/ghana/3-misconceptions-misinformation-and-politics-of-covid19-on-social-media-a-multilevel-analysis-in-gha.pdf","May 5, 2021 ... misinformation in Ghana's COVID-19 containment. ... law of the country. The country's constitution ... Let no one kid themselves that our environment protects us, ...","US","2021-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [1755,"Measuring distortions in international markets","https://one.oecd.org/document/TAD/TC(2020)5/FINAL/En/pdf","May 3, 2021 ... ] The root of these problems likely lies in ... for disciplining such support under current trade rules ... ), Policy, Regulation, and Innovation in China's ...","China","2021-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [1756,"Regulating irregular actors: can due diligence checks mitigate the ...","https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/CSAG_Regulating_irregular_actors_WEB.pdf","May 3, 2021 ... ... Australia and Denmark have alternately worked ... anything – blame it on slander, or misinformation from another group. ... an 'unconditional commitment to the rule ...","Australia","2021-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [1757,"THE FOLKLORE OF UNFAIRNESS","https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Herrine.pdf","May 3, 2021 ... 1985); Tracy. Westen, Government Regulation of Food Marketing to Children: The Federal Trade. Commission and the Kid-Vid Controversy, 39 LOY. L.A. L. REV. 79, ...","US","2021-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [1758,"Being Blonde in China and How to Protect My Right of Publicity ...","https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1243&context=scujil","May 2, 2021 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara ...","China","2021-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [1759,"Misperceptions and Fake News during the Covid-19 Pandemic","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/235436/1/cesifo1_wp9066.pdf","May 2, 2021 ... “Chapter 2 - Errors in Probabilistic Reasoning and Judgment. Biases”. In: Handbook of Behavioral Economics - Foundations and Applications 2. Ed. by B. Douglas ...","EU","2021-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [1760,"Misinformation due to asymmetric information sharing","https://www.unifr.ch/datanetwork/en/assets/public/documents/articles/Buechel%20Kloessner%20Meng%20Nassar%20-%20Misinformation%20due%20to%20asymmetric%20information%20sharing%20-%202021-05.pdf","May 2, 2021 ... law of motion and the notation is fully analogous. ... Hence, long-run misinformation depends on eigenvector centralities and the signal distribution. Let us ...","US","2021-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [1761,"Threat Report The State of Influence Operations 2017-2020","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/IO-Threat-Report-May-20-2021.pdf","May 1, 2021 ... misinformation or voter suppression misinformation , we remove it ) or reduce its distribution. ... including from Russia and China ... regulation-or-legislation-to ...","China","2021-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [1762,"Propagandized Adversary Populations in a War of Ideas","https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/6_Bishop.pdf","Apr 30, 2021 ... Han chauvinism lies beneath the surface in China, and Tibet- ans and Uyghurs are increasingly subject to propaganda and social controls.27. North Korea ...","China","2021-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1763,"RUSSIA'S STRATEGY IN CYBERSPACE","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/Nato-Cyber-Report_11-06-2021-4f4ce.pdf","Apr 30, 2021 ... Yarovaya Law, a package of laws passed in 2016 ... Divided by a common language: Cyber definitions in Chinese, Russian and English, NATO CCDCOE. ... 142-146. 70 Rid ...","China","2021-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1764,"The perils of legally defining disinformation","https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/65273771/policyreview_2021_4_1584.pdf","Apr 30, 2021 ... Keywords: Disinformation, EU law, EU legislation, Freedom of expression, Platforms. Abstract: EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content ...","EU","2021-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [1765,"Mishandling Strategic Communication: The Anglophone Crisis in ...","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1178069.pdf","Apr 29, 2021 ... The deliberate nature of the spread delineates the difference between disinformation and misinformation. The broad use of social media has facilitated the ...","Australia","2021-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [1766,"Curbing COVID Cons: Warning Consumers About Pandemic Frauds ...","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/1589396/p180500senatecovidconstestimony04272021.pdf","Apr 27, 2021 ... The federal case is still pending. 19 FTC Press Release, As Scammers Leverage Pandemic Fears, FTC and Law Enforcement Partners Crack Down on Deceptive Income ...","US","2021-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [1767,"How Corruption Investigations Undermine Regime Support ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/yuhuawang/files/wang_and_dickson_2021_psrm.pdf","Apr 26, 2021 ... “Mobilizing the Law in China: 'Informed Disenchantment' and the. Development of Legal Consciousness.” Law & Society Review 40(4): 783-816. Gingerich, Daniel ...","China","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1768,"Impact of Trump's Digital Rhetoric on the US Elections: A View from ...","https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/108017/3/Impact%20of%20Trump%20s%20Digital%20Rhetoric%20on%20the%20US%20Elections.%20A%20View%20from%20Worldwide%20Far-Right%20Populism.pdf?sequence=3","Apr 26, 2021 ... In line with this premise, social media contribute to the spread of disinformation ... Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal ... In Journalism, Fake ...","EU","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1769,"The (im)possibilities of addressing election interference and the ...","https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3248569/download","Apr 26, 2021 ... information and disinformation. Thomas RidLs book ... The Global Disinformation Order. ... cations technology cybersecurity certification and repealing Regulation ( ...","EU","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1770,"The (im)possibilities of addressing election interference and the ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/hluaxwlqrrftbhwpjcj4lrmhwm/access/wayback/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23738871.2021.1916976?needAccess=true","Apr 26, 2021 ... information and disinformation. Thomas RidLs book ... The Global Disinformation Order. ... cations technology cybersecurity certification and repealing Regulation ( ...","EU","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1771,"“Imbecilization” in the disinformation society: what can information ...","https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ib/v35n87/2448-8321-ib-35-87-33.pdf","Apr 26, 2021 ... In accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Institute for Infor- mation Literacy (ANZIIL, 2004), there are five basic standards to commen- surate, a ...","Australia","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1772,"US Extremism on Telegram: Fueling Disinformation, Conspiracy ...","https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2021/issue-2/walther-and-mccoy-.pdf","Apr 26, 2021 ... Andrew is working toward the completion of a degree in justice, law, and criminology, with a focus on counterterrorism, at American University, Washington, DC, ...","US","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1773,"Stop Fighting The Unknown! Managing Fake News Though Media ...","https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/stop-fighting-the-unknown-managing-fake-newsthough-media-literacy.pdf","Apr 26, 2021 ... Fake news is neither a technology nor a legal problem; it is fundamentally information and media literacy problem (Leetaru 2019; Tandoc, Ling, Westlund, Duffy.","US","2021-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [1774,"outrunning bias: unmasking the justifications for excluding non ...","http://journals.law.harvard.edu/jlg/wp-content/uploads/sites/88/2022/03/HLG101_crop.pdf","Apr 26, 2021 ... ... federal law- suit challenging a Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference (CIAC) rule that allows high school athletes to compete in sports ...","US","2021-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [1775,"Attribution Across Cyber Attack Types: Network Intrusions and ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8782661/8901158/09411871.pdf","Apr 23, 2021 ... The Law of Attribution: Rules for Attributing the Source ... china-military- members ... Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social Media, 95-114.","China","2021-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [1776,"Media and Information Literacy: The time to act is now!","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/mil_curriculum_second_edition_summary_en.pdf","Apr 23, 2021 ... For all generations, the need to distinguish between disinformation and reliable content has become more urgent than ever. With increased access to digital.","EU","2021-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [1777,"That&apos;s Fake News! Reliability of News When Provided Title ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3449183","Apr 23, 2021 ... In one condition, they measured participant accuracy in identifying fake or real news headlines where participants first made a speeded judgment of each ...","Australia","2021-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [1778,"Effects of Algorithmic Flagging on Fairness: Quasi-experimental ...","https://mako.cc/academic/teblunthuis_hill_halfaker-effects_of_algorithmic_flagging-CSCW2021.pdf","Apr 23, 2021 ... 2 BACKGROUND. 2.1 Moderation in Online Communities. Contemporary online communities are flooded with harassment, spam, misinformation, disinfor- mation, and ...","Australia","2021-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [1779,"Mobilization, Mass Perceptions, and (Dis)information: “New” and ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305121999656","Apr 22, 2021 ... In the context of key Russian disinformation narratives about the EuroMaidan, this is vis- ible in its focus on both the malign intent of foreign actors. (EU, ...","EU","2021-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [1780,"Misinformation, Believability, and Vaccine Acceptance Over 40 ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.10864","Apr 22, 2021 ... Health literacy in. Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). European Journal of Public Health. 2015;25(6):1053–1058. 42 ...","EU","2021-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [1781,"Liquid Disinformation Tactics: Overcoming Social Media ...","https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/392799816/RibeiroFerreiraJP2022LiquidDisinformationTactics.pdf","Apr 20, 2021 ... The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe ...","EU","2021-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1782,"Eurostat's quality policy","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/64157/4392716/Eurostat-Quality-Policy-EN.pdf","Apr 20, 2021 ... ... EU level. Moreover, in the current social climate of disinformation, it is even more essential for Eurostat to continue providing high-quality data that can ...","EU","2021-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1783,"Mutual Hyperlinking Among Misinformation Peddlers","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.11694","Apr 20, 2021 ... Belief in this conspiracy is not unique to. Americans. In global surveys [34] across Central and South America, the Middle East, Northern Africa, the United.","US","2021-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [1784,"Consumer law, policy and regulatory actions in response to and in ...","https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/cicplpd23_en.pdf","Apr 19, 2021 ... ... (China). 4 UNCTAD, 2020a, Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trade and Development: Transitioning to a. New Normal (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.20 ...","China","2021-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [1785,"Deterring disinformation? Lessons from Lithuania's ...","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/20210427_Hybrid-CoE-Paper-6_Deterring_disinformation_WEB.pdf","Apr 19, 2021 ... and enhancing EU-NATO cooperation in countering hybrid threats, located in Helsinki, Finland. ... of disinformation campaigns, to review the legal ... • Looking for ...","EU","2021-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [1786,"Regulatory Goldilocks: Finding the Just and Right Fit for Content ...","https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1219&context=lawreview","Apr 19, 2021 ... disinformation campaigns during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, and commentators roundly agree that social platforms did not do enough to reduce, let ...","US","2021-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [1787,"INFORMATION FIDUCIARIES AND POLITICAL MICROTARGETING ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1460&context=nulr","Apr 18, 2021 ... html [https://perma.cc/6XW7-BEXW] (discussing federal charges against Russians alleged to have spread disinformation and attempted to interfere with the 2018 ...","US","2021-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [1788,"A brief critical analysis of the Online Harms White Paper 2020 Dr ...","https://kchgardensquare.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/A-brief-critical-analysis-of-the-Online-Harms-White-Paper-2020.pdf","Apr 17, 2021 ... In December 2020, the. European Commission unveiled proposals for the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the. Digital Services Act (DSA). The DSA aims to build an EU ...","EU","2021-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [1789,"Fake News Sharing: An Investigation of Threat and Coping Cues in ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3410025","Apr 17, 2021 ... g) Americans are immune to the Zika virus The statement is not true. There are already hundreds of cases registered in the US. This is the misinformation on the ...","US","2021-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [1790,"Quantifying the Q Conspiracy: 'A Data-Driven Approach to ...","https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/TSC-White-Paper_QAnon_16April2021-final-1.pdf","Apr 16, 2021 ... terrorist acts will complicate law enforcement ... First, reports indicate that China's disinformation capability has matured since 2019 ... “Protecting Americans 5 ...","China","2021-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [1791,"Who Is Responsible for Disinformation? European Approaches to ...","https://iris.luiss.it/retrieve/e163de42-edba-19c7-e053-6605fe0a8397/DeBlasioSelva2021-ABS_WhoisResponsibleforDisinformation.pdf","Apr 15, 2021 ... In this respect, a convergence would parallel a more integrated EU response to the problems of social platforms' regulation, whereas a frag- mentation would ...","EU","2021-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1792,"Responding to Disinformation","https://osf.io/preprints/lawarxiv/aerw9/download","Apr 15, 2021 ... In Australia, political parties are not considered as organisations for the purposes of privacy law,12 and other organizations undertaking political activities, ...","Australia","2021-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1793,"Young Adult Cancer Caregivers' Exposure to Cancer Misinformation ...","https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cncr.33380","Apr 15, 2021 ... Summarizing her frustration with her social network's misinformed cancer advice, a caregiver said, “There were and still are a lot of people that just told us, ...","US","2021-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [1794,"Monetising Disinformation in the EU","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/232164/revised_Agenda%20item%207_Clare%20Melford_GDI_Deck_EU-Ad-funded_Disinfo.pdf","Apr 13, 2021 ... ... eu-disinformation-sites/ ... GDI has studied a selection of popular brand ads appearing on disinformation stories debunked by the EU. ... Legal annexation of Crimea ...","EU","2021-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1795,"How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2E045F4C17741EAD87F7D5D318560F01/S1138741621000238a.pdf/how-can-psychological-science-help-counter-the-spread-of-fake-news.pdf","Apr 13, 2021 ... judgment. Journal of Personality and Social ... misinformation and fake news through inoculation and ... on citizens' EU attitudes. Journal of Elections ...","EU","2021-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1796,"Liar's war: Protecting civilians from disinformation during armed ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1CCE7F3540DCBE194C0F2ADA80ACDEFE/S1816383121000473a.pdf/liars-war-protecting-civilians-from-disinformation-during-armed-conflict.pdf","Apr 13, 2021 ... Eian Katz is a Legal Adviser at the American Bar Association's ... Misinformation and Humanitarian Action”, Humanitarian Law ... , Initiatives to Counter Fake News: ...","US","2021-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1797,"Hashtag Wars: Political Disinformation and Discursive Struggles on ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20563051211009073","Apr 13, 2021 ... ... us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Social Media + ... @VEJA: EXCLUSIVE: In a legal process of more than 500 ... (2019). News sharing on UK social media: Misinformation, ...","US","2021-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [1798,"FAKE NEWS MISINFORMATION AND HATE SPEECH IN ETHIOPIA ...","https://www.eip.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Fake-News-Misinformation-and-Hate-Speech-in-Ethiopia.pdf","Apr 12, 2021 ... COVID-19 AND THE APPLICATION OF FAKE NEWS LEGISLATION ... This report intends to review fake news, misinformation ... was launched from a location in China, 400km ...","China","2021-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [1799,"Layers of Lies: A First Look at Irish Far-Right Activity on Telegram","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Layers-of-Lies.pdf","Apr 12, 2021 ... COVID-19 conspiracies and misinformation. Between ... https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/george ... Australia, African and Black Diaspora: An ...","Australia","2021-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [1800,"A scientific theory of gist communication and misinformation ...","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1912441117","Apr 12, 2021 ... Coun- terintuitive reversals across age were originally demonstrated in. FTT's research on judgment-and-decision biases in children and adolescents. Like memory ...","US","2021-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [1801,"Enhancing public trust in COVID-19 vaccination","https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=COM/DELSA/GOV(2021)1&docLanguage=En","Apr 9, 2021 ... Some countries, (e.g. Spain29) have begun monitoring disinformation campaigns in a systematic way, and have implemented action plans or laws in response. For ...","EU","2021-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1802,"Empowering users to make well-informed decisions about online ...","https://research.utwente.nl/files/283738090/PhD_Thesis_Susanne_Barth.pdf","Apr 9, 2021 ... companies, eventually leads to misinformation and misinterpretation of how ... law and regulations (A. L. Allen, 1999 ... Australia, 72, 1-11. AIS. http://aisel.","Australia","2021-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1803,"Emotion and humor as misinformation antidotes","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2002484118","Apr 9, 2021 ... erators of the resulting attitude, judgment, or (mis)perception. If our priors lead us to accept misinformation, the misperceptions that result are likely ...","US","2021-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1804,"Misinformation in and about science","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1912444117","Apr 9, 2021 ... Nearly 40% of Americans viewed content from untrustwor- thy websites during the 2016 US election, but these articles only represented about 6% of all news ...","US","2021-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [1805,"Governmental repression: the cases of China","https://scholar.utc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=honors-theses","Apr 8, 2021 ... government – The Chinese Communist Party – declared martial law. ... \" Journal of Contemporary China ... \"Lies, defection, and the pattern of international ...","China","2021-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [1806,"MENA Monitor: Arabic COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Online","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/MENA-Covid-Vaccine-Misinformation-Monitor-1.pdf","Apr 8, 2021 ... However, English-language versions of this same video shared in Facebook groups in Australia,26 England27 and Canada28 do feature fact checks, demonstrating a ...","Australia","2021-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [1807,"Fraud and its relationship to pandemics and economic crises: From ...","https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-04/rr19_fraud_and_its_relationship_to_pandemics_and_economic_crises.pdf","Apr 7, 2021 ... In the United Kingdom, the Competition and Markets. Authority (2020) has displayed a leisurely approach to the regulation of price increases, while in Australia ...","China","2021-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [1808,"Health Misinformation about Toxic-Site Harm: The Case for ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f363/aa751887b77252fd37e335f8b6eee8d538e1.pdf","Apr 7, 2021 ... Law J. 2006, 33, 1091–. 1148. 52. US EPA. Cleaning Up the Nation's Waste Sites. Available online: https://nepis ...","US","2021-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [1809,"Countering misinformation: A multidisciplinary approach","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20539517211013848","Apr 6, 2021 ... Europol (2020) Catching the virus cybercrime, disinformation and the COVID-19 pandemic. Report of the European. Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation,.","EU","2021-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [1810,"Perils of Legitimacy: How Hegemonic Legitimation Strategies Sow ...","https://mershoncenter.osu.edu/sites/default/files/2021-04/Goodhart_Diss_Excerpts_NewWaveRealism.pdf","Apr 5, 2021 ... lies on elevating some identities over other ... 6.2 EU. Law. - the ECJ and Primacy over National Laws. ... “How China Sees the World: And How We Should See China.","China","2021-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [1811,"Social Media, Misinformation and Covid-19","https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/download/1778/1525/3332","Apr 5, 2021 ... In India there is no “fake news” Law. In response to Covid-19, and the surge of fake and false news related to. Covid, the State government invoked the ...","EU","2021-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [1812,"Internet, social media and online hate speech. Systematic review","https://prohic.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/213-17mei2021-InternetOnlineHateSpeechtSystematicReview.pdf","Apr 6, 2021 ... In the European Union (EU), 80% of people have ... This term encompasses all behaviors, from minor norm-violating to law-.","EU","2021-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [1813,"Assessing the Credibility of Cyber Adversaries","https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1088&context=ijcic","Apr 5, 2021 ... mation and misinformation, understanding what we ... 4). *Corresponding author. Jenny Wells, Australian Signals Directorate, Russell Offices, Russell, ACT, 2600, ...","Australia","2021-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [1814,"Public beliefs on the relationship between lying and memory","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1068316X.2021.1929979","Apr 5, 2021 ... what research tells us about the effects of lying on memory. ... Note that our data can be informative to legal professionals and, more generally, law enforcement ...","US","2021-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [1815,"Defective institutions and their consequences: lesson from China ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48609436","Apr 2, 2021 ... a Source: Hu et al., 1996. governments net losers? How do we explain the China paradox?1 Of course, part of the answer lies in the intention ...","China","2021-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [1816,"The Psychology of Fake News","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/144268/1-s2.0-S1364661321000516-main.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Apr 1, 2021 ... Heuristics. Prior work in judgment and decision making [45] indicates that people are likely to use heuristics or mental shortcuts when judging news headlines.","EU","2021-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1817,"Overlooking the political economy in the research on propaganda","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/abhishek-_political_economy_research_propaganda_20210401.pdf","Apr 1, 2021 ... Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press. Caers, R., De Feyter, T., De Couck, M., ...","US","2021-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [1818,"Country Case Studies Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2021/03/Case-Studies_FINAL.pdf","Mar 31, 2021 ... ... China on surveillance and security: in December 2019 President Lourenço opened the Integrated Centre for Public. Security financed by China and operated by ...","China","2021-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [1819,"Show reliable information","https://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/S10-Show-reliable-information.pdf","Mar 31, 2021 ... more - to misinformation and disinformation. ... For Facebook Messenger, this includes Australia ... But then we also ask for regulation, moderation and filtering.","Australia","2021-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [1820,"Source Evaluation Strategies for the Misinformation Age","https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1312&context=scl_journal","Apr 1, 2021 ... ” https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four- · moves/. Faix, A., & Fyn, A. (2020). Framing Fake News: Misinformation and the ACRL Framework. portal ...","US","2021-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [1821,"Foreign Cyber Interference in Elections","https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2969&context=ils","Mar 30, 2021 ... ”4 Interestingly, China did ... applying the treaty rules because their parameters may differ from their cus-.","China","2021-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1822,"Information in referendum campaigns: how can it be improved?","https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10082340/7/Renwick_Information%20in%20Referendum%20Campaigns.%20How%20Can%20It%20Be%20Improved_AAM.pdf","Mar 30, 2021 ... The Scottish independence referendum of 2014 generated the highest ever turnout in a large-scale public vote in the UK, while the 2016 referendum on EU.","EU","2021-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1823,"Beyond “fake news”: Analytic thinking and the detection of false and ...","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/cgsx6/download","Mar 30, 2021 ... This perspective is consistent with classical conceptions of reasoning processes as being directed toward supporting sound judgment and accuracy (e.g., Kohlberg ...","US","2021-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1824,"MIT Open Access Articles Beyond “fake news”: Analytic thinking and ...","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/144269/c44914dbcf20f02b535bfe547fd8405ca991.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Mar 30, 2021 ... Consequently, we would expect that the results of this research will generalize to other American samples and political headlines. Nonetheless, the extent to ...","US","2021-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [1825,"have we no decency? section 230 and the liability of social media ...","https://www.illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ODonnell.pdf","Mar 29, 2021 ... Disinformation, and ... China or Iran, could use deepfakes as part of their interference campaign. ... to enforce any legislation or regulation targeting deepfakes.","China","2021-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [1826,"Opening Statement by Dualta Ó Broin, Head of Public Policy ...","https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/33/joint_committee_on_housing_local_government_and_heritage/submissions/2021/2021-03-30_opening-statement-dualta-o-broin-head-of-public-policy-facebook-ireland-limited_en.pdf","Mar 29, 2021 ... misinformation in the context of elections. In ... International Grand Committee on Fake News and Disinformation, working for the past few ... EU law. Effective ...","EU","2021-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [1827,"Review - Androgen Misuse and Abuse","https://endocrinologia.org.mx/pdf_socios/13_Androgen_Misuse_Abuse.pdf","Mar 30, 2021 ... Misinformation and/or misapplication. Male ... by legal maneuvers, as a tax-deductible cost of business. ... Sydney NSW 2139, Australia. E-mail: djh@anzac.edu.au.","Australia","2021-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [1828,"Factors influencing content credibility in Facebook's news feed","https://d-nb.info/1234537125/34","Mar 29, 2021 ... (UK) during and after the 2016 UK European Union (EU) ... from disinformation and misinformation on SNS (House of ... intended use is not permitted by statutory ...","EU","2021-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [1829,"Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news","http://www.bemedialiterate.com/uploads/1/7/2/2/1722523/fakenews_priorexposure.pdf","Mar 28, 2021 ... judgment about accuracy. The “Disputed” warnings ... political misinformation and disinformation (Swire, Berinsky, Lewandowsky, & Ecker, 2017) ... Canberra is the ...","Australia","2021-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [1830,"Correcting the Unknown: Negated Corrections May Increase Belief ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/acp.3823","Mar 29, 2021 ... Two experiments demonstrated that when subjects were presented with no misinformation, belief and inferences were not significantly greater in the corrected ...","US","2021-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [1831,"Erasing People through Disinformation: Syria and the “Anti ...","https://newpol.org/erasing-people-through-disinformation-syria-and-the-anti-imperialism-of-fools/?print=pdf","Mar 27, 2021 ... Mark Goudkamp, ESL and History Teacher, Syria Solidarity Australia (Australia). Mark LeVine, Irvine, CA (USA). Markus Bickel, Tel Aviv (Israel). Marta Tawil ...","Australia","2021-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [1832,"Responding to Hate and Bias at scHool","https://www.learningforjustice.org/sites/default/files/general/Responding%20to%20Hate%20at%20School%20ONLINE_3.pdf","Mar 27, 2021 ... Growing intolerance can also be found online, posted on Tumblr or tweeted on Twitter. It might be blatant, such as a noose left hanging from an African-American ...","US","2021-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [1833,"The Fraud Triangle and Tax Evasion","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3969&context=facpub","Mar 26, 2021 ... She also possesses the skill to keep track of the lies ... public accounting firms, AICPA self-regulatory programs, and the legal and regulatory ... Taxes and Tax ...","China","2021-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [1834,"Trusting and valuing news in a pandemic: Attitudes to online news ...","https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/24782/FLEW%20et%20al_JDMP_12%281%29_final.pdf","Mar 25, 2021 ... (2019), Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the. Disinformation Age, New York: Columbia University Press. Neilsen (2020), 'Australians ...","Australia","2021-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [1835,"BRIE Working Paper 2021-3 Platform Power and Regulatory Politics ...","https://brie.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/publications/platform_power_and_regulatory_politics_npe_submission_brie_wp_2021-03.pdf","Mar 24, 2021 ... Second, incipient legal changes, most notably the EU's proposed Digital Markets Act and Digital ... “fake news,” disinformation, and harassment. Page ...","EU","2021-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [1836,"The Trap of Geopolitics: Rethinking EU Strategic Communication","https://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/research-paper/valenza_cepob_3_2021_final.pdf_0.pdf","Mar 21, 2021 ... Yet, in the middle of the pandemic, disinformation is not only a Russia-centred problem. High Representative. Borrell has in fact also explicitly referred to ...","China","2021-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [1837,"Addressing Hate Speech with Data Science: An Overview from ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.10489","Mar 21, 2021 ... of resources (including research papers, legislation ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008F0913 ... In Proceedings of Workshop on ...","EU","2021-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [1838,"THE ANTI-RUMOUR GUIDEBOOK “FAKE NEWS, CONSPIRACY ...","https://anti-rumour.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/PR1.A5-Creation-of-the-Guidebook_Final-Version2.pdf","Mar 21, 2021 ... In addition to misinformation, disinformation ... • Appropriate legislation regarding the transparency of information and news sharing. ... https://mediafutures.eu/ ...","EU","2021-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [1839,"Derogations and Democratic Backsliding: Exploring the Pandemic's ...","https://www.andrewheiss.com/research/working-papers/chaudhry-heiss-derogations/chaudhry-heiss-derogations.pdf","Mar 21, 2021 ... We tabulate formal human rights treaty derogations due to the pandemic and explore whether these emergency measures led to lasting declines in associational and ...","Australia","2021-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [1840,"MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION, AND MALINFORMATION ...","https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/eb/article/download/76900/45818/292309","Mar 20, 2021 ... Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the rule of law in the EU and its Member States, Feb. 2019, p. 79. Available at: https://www.","EU","2021-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [1841,"Analysis of Various Machine Learning Methods of Fake News ...","https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:sjdm&volume=21&issue=1&article=002&type=pdf","Mar 20, 2021 ... to come in a particular type of text. Since this model is based on the Bayes theorem, which helps us compute the conditional probabilities of occurrence of two ...","US","2021-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [1842,"Learning lessons from the regulation of unfair commercial practices ...","https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-3-2021/5338/helberger_pdf.pdf","Mar 19, 2021 ... sions laid down by law, regulation ... section 52 of Australia's Trade Practices Act.136 ... For the second type mentioned above, spreading dis- or misinformation ...","Australia","2021-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [1843,"Language Error from Western Scholar Perspectives","https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/8993/language-error-from-western-scholar-perspectives.pdf","Mar 19, 2021 ... Ellis (2008) classified language errors into 'omission', 'misinformation' and 'misordering'. An omission error transpires when a student omits the central ...","Australia","2021-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [1844,"it is time to move beyond the 'ai race' narrative: why investment and ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1341&context=njtip","Mar 18, 2021 ... This paper will examine how the difference in law and policy will affect the future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and why the U.S., EU, and. China ...","China","2021-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [1845,"INFORMATION AS A PUBLIC GOOD","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/wpfd_2021_concept_note_en.pdf","Mar 18, 2021 ... ... us/combating-misinformation-and-election-interference-on-tiktok. 16 https://www.forbes.com/sites/isabeltogoh/2020/10/19/tiktok-is-banning-accounts-that ...","US","2021-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [1846,"ADDRESSING DISINFORMATION: INSIGHTS AND BEST PRACTICES","https://www.usagm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/USAGM-OPR-AddressingDisinformation-08-26-2020.pdf","Mar 17, 2021 ... In response to. Chinese pressure, the Nepalese government started a probe against these journalists. ACTION: VOA Tibetan is one of the very few media outlets ...","China","2021-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [1847,"note social media defamation: a new legal frontier amid the internet ...","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&context=djclpp","Mar 17, 2021 ... Misinformation should be taken more seriously ... The early origins of American defamation law can be traced ... Presently, only fifteen states and U.S. ...","US","2021-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [1848,"Foreign Interference Targeting Election Infrastructure or Political ...","https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1376761/dl","Mar 16, 2021 ... We identified several incidents when Russian, Chinese, and Iranian government-affiliated actors materially impacted the security of networks associated with or ...","China","2021-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [1849,"ABUSE OF POWER: COORDINATED ONLINE HARASSMENT OF ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/abuse_of_power_online_harassment_of_fin_ministers_16-03-2021.pdf","Mar 16, 2021 ... Users angry over the European relief agreement ridiculed Tuppurainen and Marin with accusations of treason, referring to them as “EU whores” and “euro- ...","EU","2021-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [1850,"The Rise and Fall of Fake News sites: A Traffic Analysis","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.09258","Mar 16, 2021 ... power law distribution and they are significantly ... In [17], authors dive into the dynamics and influence of fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US ...","US","2021-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [1851,"Covid-19 and the Information Crisis of Liberal Democracies: Insights ...","http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/paco/article/download/24023/20013","Mar 15, 2021 ... The third dimension refers to the regulatory approach adopted to tackle disinformation that we have already typologized with respect to self- regulation, co- ...","EU","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1852,"COVID-19, Disinformation and Hateful Extremism","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60c868448fa8f57ce58ce901/RAND_Europe_Final_Report_Hateful_Extremism_During_COVID-19_Final.pdf","Mar 15, 2021 ... social media: Misinformation ... eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236. ———. 2019. 'A Europe that protects: EU reports on progress in fighting ...","EU","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1853,"UNDP-Information-Asymmetries-in-the-Digital-Sexual-and ...","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2021-06/UNDP-Information-Asymmetries-in-the-Digital-Sexual-and-Reproductive-Health-Space-EN.pdf","Mar 15, 2021 ... pdf. 180 Id. at 30-31. 181 BROADBAND COMMISSION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, BALANCING ACT: COUNTERING DIGITAL DISINFORMATION WHILE RESPECTING FREEDOM ...","EU","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1854,"Dealing with misinformation in the digital age: Prevention and ...","https://bpb-ap-se2.wpmucdn.com/blogs.auckland.ac.nz/dist/f/688/files/2023/01/Dealing-with-misinformation-in-the-digital-age-March-2021-v1-.pdf","Mar 15, 2021 ... cit. 33 Alexander Gillespie (2020). With the election campaign underway, can the law protect voters from fake news and conspiracy ... https://op.europa.eu/en/ ...","EU","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1855,"Exposure to COVID-19 Misinformation Across Instant Messaging ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/17594/4021","Mar 15, 2021 ... Fake news from a legal perspective: The United States and South Korea compared. Southwestern Journal of International Law, 25, 100‒109. Pentina, I ...","Australia","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1856,"Warning Republishers","https://www.aidr.org.au/media/10573/aidr_warnings-republishers_companion.pdf","Mar 15, 2021 ... misinformation or dis-information increases the ... The Bureau of Meteorology hosts and manages the. CAP-AU-STD in Australia. ... Comply with relevant legislation, ...","Australia","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1857,"Mis-, Dis-, and Malinformation Planning and Incident Response ...","https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/mdm-incident-response-guide_508.pdf","Mar 15, 2021 ... of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation (MDM). ... Reality: Voters are protected by state and federal law ... gov domains available solely to U.S.- ...","US","2021-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [1858,"Microtargeting as Information Warfare","https://cyberdefensereview.army.mil/Portals/6/Documents/2021_winter_cdr/04_CDR_V6N1_Dawson.pdf","Mar 12, 2021 ... Dan Patterson, “Trolls Are Spreading Conspiracy Theories That a US Army Reservist Is 'COVID-19 Patient Zero,' China Is. Amplifying That Disinformation,” CBS ...","China","2021-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1859,"Disinformation and Polarization in the Online Debate During the ...","https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_37105_sd_92/c/articles-2010542.pdf.pdf","Mar 12, 2021 ... legal system and religious issues resulting in escalating tensions. ... of disinformation and fake news (European Commission, 2019). ... (biznestrendy.eu, 2020). In ...","EU","2021-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1860,"The presumed influence of election misinformation on others ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/nisbet_pressumed_influence_election_20210312.pdf","Mar 12, 2021 ... Pervasive political misinformation threatens the integrity of American electoral democracy but not in the manner most commonly examined.","US","2021-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1861,"Part II: Statement for the Record of Media Matters for America for ...","https://www.congress.gov/117/meeting/house/111315/documents/HHRG-117-JU05-20210312-SD006.pdf","Mar 12, 2021 ... U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on the Judiciary -- Antitrust,. Commercial, and Administrative Law. March 12, 2021. RE: Hearing on Reviving ...","US","2021-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [1862,"Understanding vulnerability to online misinformation","https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-02/misinformation_report_final1_0.pdf","Mar 11, 2021 ... The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. ... “Measuring Risk Literacy: The Berlin Numeracy Test.” Judgment and Decision ...","China","2021-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [1863,"Detecting fake news on Facebook: The role of emotional intelligence","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=printable&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246757","Mar 11, 2021 ... In 2016, the UK EU referendum and the US Presidential election were both marked by social media misinformation campaigns, which have subsequently reduced trust ...","EU","2021-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [1864,"How does Truth Evolve into Fake News? An Empirical Study of Fake ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05944","Mar 10, 2021 ... Beijing, China. 1800012773@pku.edu.cn. Xiuying Chen ... Fake News: Proposed virginia law would outlaw krav maga, brazilian ... Hoaxy: A Platform for Tracking Online ...","China","2021-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [1865,"Misinformation tactics protect rare birds from problem predators","https://www.temanahunaaoraki.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/sciadv.abe4164.pdf","Mar 10, 2021 ... and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales. 2006, Australia. 3Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research, Lincoln 9640, New Zealand.","Australia","2021-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [1866,"Information Diffusion: Misinformation","https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/classes/AY2021/cs6471_spring/materials/CSS_Presentation_Mar10_2021.pdf","Mar 10, 2021 ... Tell us more about it. Page 32. The Limitations of Stylometry for Detecting. Machine-. Generated. Fake News. TAL SCHUSTER, ROEI SCHUSTER, DARSH J. SHAH, REGINA ...","US","2021-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [1867,"Can You Hear Me?: How Implicit Bias Creates a Disparate Impact in ...","https://scholarship.law.campbell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1711&context=clr","Mar 9, 2021 ... for Cal., U.S. Senate, Harris Reintroduces. Legislation Addressing Black Maternal Mortality Crisis (May 22, 2019), https://www.harris. senate.gov/news/press- ...","US","2021-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [1868,"FROM THE FAKE NEWS CRISIS TO THE CRISIS OF JOURNALISM ...","https://journalofsociology.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/08-Nicolae.pdf","Mar 8, 2021 ... EU's propensity towards tech regulation might encourage a similar decision in the USA (e.g. Govtrack 2019), but it is unlikely for the USA to consider.","EU","2021-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [1869,"Back to Basics on Russia Policy","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/202103-WeissRumerBasics.pdf","Mar 9, 2021 ... At the same time, the United States and its EU partners should not shy away from using precisely targeted sanctions against Russian officials and private ...","EU","2021-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [1870,"COVID-19 disinformation and political engagement among ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/austin_political_engagement_communities_of_color_20210308.pdf","Mar 8, 2021 ... Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review1. March 2021, Volume 1, Special Issue on US Elections and Disinformation. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 ...","US","2021-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [1871,"A study of the mechanism of government intervention on excess ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/247292/1/TWP144.pdf","Mar 7, 2021 ... Clearly, the growth of Chinese nominal. GDP remained low in 2012 and 2015, the reason lies in the continued control of huge capacity in some of the sectors.","China","2021-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [1872,"NOTIONS OF DISINFORMATION AND RELATED CONCEPTS ...","https://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ERGA-SG2-Report-2020-Notions-of-disinformation-and-related-concepts-final.pdf","Mar 6, 2021 ... Importantly, while other EU Member States' legislation may not use the term disinformation, a number of Member States have legislation that aligns with the ...","EU","2021-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [1873,"Examining Conspiracy Theories: Reevaluating the Assumption that ...","https://digitalcommons.cortland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=rhetdragonsresearchinquiry","Mar 6, 2021 ... For many years the misinformation came from tobacco companies working independently. ... “field test” utilising the tobacco institutes of Australia and New ...","Australia","2021-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [1874,"Understanding COVID‐19 misinformation and vaccine hesitancy in ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/hex.13240","Mar 5, 2021 ... As is often found with the inverse law of care, the people most likely to ... Disinformation, misinformation and ... vaccines in China: a discrete choice experiment ...","China","2021-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1875,"Legal Responses to Disinformation | ICNL","https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/2021.03-Disinformation-Policy-Prospectus-final.pdf","Mar 5, 2021 ... ... disinformation, legal ... Government regulation is needed to limit the spread of disinformation, misinformation ... 37 https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data ...","EU","2021-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1876,"Uncovering blindspots in the policy debate on platform power","https://platformobservatory.eu/app/uploads/2021/03/05Platformpower.pdf","Mar 5, 2021 ... The attention for such notions brings EU competition law closer to national regimes on abuse of economic dependence or relative market power that some Member ...","EU","2021-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1877,"Advertising with a conscience","https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanplh/PIIS2542-5196(21)00035-8.pdf","Mar 5, 2021 ... environmental law firm ClientEarth to ... “You suddenly realise that you're swimming against this tide of misinformation. ... The idea that advertising can pull us ...","US","2021-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1878,"Types (Disinformation)","https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/203354/1/Staender%2C_Humprecht_Disinformation_types.pdf","Mar 5, 2021 ... Sourcing and automa- tion of political news and information over social media in the United States, 2016-2018. Political Communication, 37(2), 173–193. Brennen, ...","US","2021-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [1879,"Chapter 7: AI Policy and National Strategies","https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-AI-Index-Report-_Chapter-7.pdf","Mar 3, 2021 ... improving the legal environment for AI in Estonia. ... China-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ... • Communications & Media: social media, ...","China","2021-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [1880,"Fighting Deepfakes: Media and Internet Giants' Converging and ...","https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/download/3494/1992","Mar 3, 2021 ... tion and prevention or even about legal framework and legal concerns of this form of misinformation, something that was found 21 times. In sum, the novelty ...","China","2021-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [1881,"RELIANCE ON EMOTION PROMOTES BELIEF IN FAKE NEWS","https://ide.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/RBrief_Rand_Fake-News_final.pdf?x48459","Mar 2, 2021 ... were favorable to the U.S. Republican Party. The ... CONCLUSION. The online dissemination of misinformation and fake news ... Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 407- ...","US","2021-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [1882,"The Psychology of Fake News","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/ar96c/download","Mar 2, 2021 ... During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and U.K. Brexit referendum, however, a different form of “fake news” (see Glossary) rose to prominence (see Box 1): ...","US","2021-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [1883,"The (im)possibilities of addressing election interference and the ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23738871.2021.1916976","Mar 1, 2021 ... information and disinformation. Thomas RidLs book ... The Global Disinformation Order. ... cations technology cybersecurity certification and repealing Regulation ( ...","EU","2021-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [1884,"The poisoned public debate and the limits of state regulation: for a ...","https://universitas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/universitas/article/view/34.2021.01/4390","Mar 1, 2021 ... In fact, the phenomenon of the dissemination of fake news as a political strategy –as it occurred in the last presidential disputes in the United States and ...","US","2021-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [1885,"COVID-19, Fake News, and Vaccines: Should Regulation Be ...","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/78552/ssoar-ijerph-2021-2-marco-franco_et_al-COVID-19_Fake_News_and_Vaccines.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-ijerph-2021-2-marco-franco_et_al-COVID-19_Fake_News_and_Vaccines.pdf","Feb 28, 2021 ... Fake News, and Vaccines: Should Regulation Be Implemented? ... The issue of misinformation has ... related factors among college students in China during quarantine ...","China","2021-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [1886,"Understanding Implicit Bias, Microaggressions, & Stereotypes THE ...","https://www.nea.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Cycle%20of%20Socialization%20HARRO.pdf","Feb 28, 2021 ... Some target groups are virtually invisible while others are defined by misinformation or very limited information. ... These people serve as role models for us, ...","US","2021-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [1887,"Learning How to Separate Fake From Real News: Scalable Digital ...","http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1537337/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Feb 27, 2021 ... With misinformation (we define misinformation as inaccurate, manipulative or false ... regulation [37]. The idea is that the learner ... rice from China. Post on ...","China","2021-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [1888,"Political Warfare and Propaganda: An Introduction","https://muse.jhu.edu/article/795902/pdf","Feb 26, 2021 ... cial media misinformation.”12 And social media ... legal warfare (falu ... Renee DiResta et al., Telling China's Story: The Chinese Communist Party's Campaign.","China","2021-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1889,"Explanations as Governance? Investigating practices of explanation ...","https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/111015/1/Powell_explanations_as_governance_final.pdf","Feb 26, 2021 ... European General Data Protection Regulation (2016) https://gdpr.eu/. Gilpin, Leilani H., et al. \"Explaining explanations: An overview of interpretability of ...","EU","2021-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1890,"Free but fake speech: When giving primacy to the source decreases ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mar.21479","Feb 26, 2021 ... Information & Communications Technology. Law, 28(1), 19–35. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the. 2016 election. Journal of ...","US","2021-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [1891,"FANNING THE FLAMES: DISINFORMATION AND EXTREMISM IN ...","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-117hhrg45630/pdf/CHRG-117hhrg45630.pdf","Feb 24, 2021 ... of judgment. If you do not call a lie a lie, or ... misinformation and disinformation, they are also just getting no in- ... Australia. Personally, I think tying.","Australia","2021-02-24T00:00:00"],
    [1892,"Environmental Regulation, Resource Misallocation and Industrial ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d2f8/518dd2cbb12958e68f3c869dac2c3e27e129.pdf","Feb 23, 2021 ... However, their research does not seem to be suitable for China, and the root cause lies in the different backgrounds of the implementation of China's ...","China","2021-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [1893,"Identifying and Analyzing Health-Related Themes in Disinformation ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cec7/3da03969ceff9e042d4ed1f9d03670ec9dad.pdf","Feb 23, 2021 ... abortion bill law ban passes women funding signs ... In Disinformation,. Misinformation, and Fake News ... Available online: https://www.rcmediafreedom.eu/ ...","EU","2021-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [1894,"Clinical update on managing media exposure and misinformation ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1039856220963947","Feb 21, 2021 ... Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Stephen Allison. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Tarun ...","Australia","2021-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [1895,"Influence and management of conflicts of interest in randomised ...","https://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bmj.m3764.full_.pdf","Feb 20, 2021 ... judgment or actions regarding a primary interest will ... Europe. 9 (45). North America. 7 (35). South ... interventions: recommendations in the misinformation age.","EU","2021-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [1896,"From Fairness to Fake News: How Regulations Can Restore Public ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uidaho.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1199&context=idaho-law-review","Feb 20, 2021 ... ... Fake News: Fake News Regulation ... 214 In Australia, following a request for proposals on media regulations, a former Australian ... misinformation-law-to-court/.","Australia","2021-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [1897,"The Cost of Free Speech: Combating Fake News or Upholding the ...","https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4632&context=umlr","Feb 19, 2021 ... In fact, in 2018, “misinformation” was deemed the word of the year. ... legislation to combat fake news or refrain from regulation due to ... at 196 (quoting Eu v.","EU","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1898,"from competition policy to sector regulation? (Updated October 2022 ...","https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00057472/Diskussionspapier_Nr_168.pdf","Feb 19, 2021 ... 10 DMA). The DMA is closely aligned with the overall aims of EU competition law and policy because it seeks to address the ostensible deficits and shortcomings ...","EU","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1899,"Misinformation Drives Low Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ...","https://repository.uantwerpen.be/docman/irua/f1f2e3/177660.pdf","Feb 19, 2021 ... Wales, Australia. Reviewed by: Mercy Kamupira ... legal guardians; daughters will be used hereafter for daughters or wards). ... to (and belief of) social media- ...","Australia","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1900,"Myth and Misinformation, or the Historian as Semioclast ...","https://www.graduateinstitute.ch/sites/internet/files/2021-02/HIstories%20November%202020%20Newsletter%20International%20History%20Graduate%20Institute-compress%C3%A9.pdf","Feb 19, 2021 ... where his dissertation focused on U.S.-Native. American relation in the context of American. Empire and international law. He lives and teaches in the United ...","US","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1901,"Misinformation Drives Low Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ...","https://repository.uantwerpen.be/docstore/d:irua:6084","Feb 19, 2021 ... Legal guardian. Female: 11; Male: 2. 3 (3.8). 2 (0.6) ... to (and belief of) social media-based misinformation. ... human papillomavirus vaccine among privately ...","US","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1902,"POLICIES AND PROCEDURES","https://www.avera.org/app/files/public/5939/pdf-sacred-heart-Policies.pdf","Feb 19, 2021 ... to the University or be reported to the U.S. Department ... ASHHSRT's obligations under state and federal law. ... and protection of the public from misinformation.","US","2021-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [1903,"Foreign Interference in Elections under the Non-intervention ...","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1570&context=djcil","Feb 18, 2021 ... Lies and Deception: Fake News ... 22, 2000, 10:07 AM), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/22/china. ... Björnstjern Baade, Fake News and International Law, ...","China","2021-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [1904,"Fake news on the Internet: actions and reactions from three platforms","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/CELE-Submission-on-disinformation-for-SPFreedex-2021.pdf","Feb 18, 2021 ... The Center runs a repository of laws and bills of law encompassing 9 countries in Latin. America that tracks, among others, legislative efforts to the deal with ...","US","2021-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [1905,"Should spreading anti-vaccine misinformation be criminalised?","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ch2kvsbnxrd4xmyeer6er2ojre/access/wayback/https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n272.full.pdf","Feb 17, 2021 ... misinformation, disinformation, fake news ... uptake in the ongoing EU Joint Action on Vaccination, is co-principal ... https://www.loc.gov/law/help/social-media- ...","EU","2021-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [1906,"Eyewitness testimony, the misinformation effect and reasonable doubt","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/175787/3/Eyewitness%20Testimony%2C%20Misinformation%20Effect%20and%20Reasonable%20Doubt.pdf","Feb 17, 2021 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of ...","US","2021-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [1907,"of a risk communication strategyfor of a risk communication strategyfor","https://covid-19pharmacovigilance.paho.org/img/recursos/60a823fd871a45122f9c3c9ed.pdf","Feb 17, 2021 ... All of us are in this together. “When you get ... who has good judgment for identifying the institution's critical challenges and strengths. ... Use it to close ...","US","2021-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [1908,"Submission to the review of the Foreign Influence Transparency ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=31d16be9-0e8a-4c4c-8d55-7fd8a3038c00&subId=732772","Feb 17, 2021 ... legal and political contexts. ... grey zone is the way in which Chinese fishing vessel militia engage in the South. China Sea. ... bolstering laws related to social ...","China","2021-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [1909,"CIVIL SOCIETY CONTRIBUTION: Input for report on disinformation","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/Human-Rights-In-China.pdf","Feb 15, 2021 ... sweeping Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (National Security Law or NSL).","China","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1910,"Freedom of Speech and Media","https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/cchr/files/free_speech.pdf","Feb 15, 2021 ... misinformation and disinformation. A particularly ... ” Chinese Journal of Communication, vol. ... ecosystem, the practical design of legal or legislative changes, ...","China","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1911,"Disinformation and freedom of expression","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/APC-Disinformation-Submission.pdf","Feb 15, 2021 ... propagate misinformation and stigma against minorities. ... Fake News Law, which provides prison. 45 https ... EU, “[w]hile there are no specific rules on such.","EU","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1912,"Trust, Democratic Resilience, and the Infodemic","https://il.boell.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Frischlich%20%26%20Humprecht%20-%20Trust%2C%20Democratic%20Resilience%2C%20and%20the%20Infodemic.pdf","Feb 15, 2021 ... of misinformation and strategically conceived disinformation campaigns, which have flourished across the globe. ... effects of self-efficacy, self-control and law ...","Australia","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1913,"Communication guidelines","https://www.mediasupport.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/IMS-submission-to-UNSR-Report-on-disinformation.pdf","Feb 15, 2021 ... or are actively considering some form of legal, regulatory or policy approach to disinformation, misinformation or fake news.32. 52. Overall, government ...","US","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1914,"Hate Speech on Social Media: Content Moderation in Context","https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1535&context=law_papers","Feb 15, 2021 ... 188 Facebook Bows to Singapore's 'Fake News' Law with Post 'Correction', BBC NEWS (Nov. ... media-platforms-combat-misinformation-and-hate-speech/; Kurt Wagner, ...","US","2021-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [1915,"Prevalence of Misinformation and Factchecks on the COVID-19 ...","https://humanfactors.jmir.org/2021/1/e23279/PDF","Feb 13, 2021 ... ... misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. ... Moreover, we have included 11 health-related false claims that circulated online in China during the ...","China","2021-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [1916,"Too Many Claims to Fact-Check: Prioritizing Political Claims Based ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08166","Feb 14, 2021 ... Therefore, systems helping fact- checkers are urgently needed in the combat against misinformation. ... US politicians as their datasets (e.g., [12, 15]).","US","2021-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [1917,"EU DisinfoLab - Human Rights & Disinformation","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/EU-Disinfo-Lab.pdf","Feb 12, 2021 ... In December of last year, the European Democracy Action Plan (EDAP) along with its “twin” regulatory package, the Digital Services Act (DSA), have set the ...","EU","2021-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [1918,"Disinformation and Freedom of Opinion and Expression","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Expression/disinformation/2-Civil-society-organisations/International-Center-for-Non-Profit-Law1.pdf","Feb 12, 2021 ... concerning available legal and regulatory measures to combat disinformation. Through this prospectus, ICNL aims to inform policymakers and empower civil society ...","EU","2021-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [1919,"AUSTRALIAN MEDIA MODERATION GUIDELINES","https://www.genvic.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/GV_MEAA_AUMediaModGuidelines.pdf","Feb 11, 2021 ... with the Guardian Australia. The community- led initiative challenges ... help address misinformation. When false ... University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(8).","Australia","2021-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [1920,"Facts and their discontents: A research agenda for disinformation ...","https://cdt.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-10-CDT-Research-Report-on-Disinfo-Race-and-Gender-FINAL.pdf","Feb 10, 2021 ... “law of the land ... https://www.disinfo.eu/publications/misogyny-and-misinformation ... option to act on (share or forward) a potential piece of misinformation.","EU","2021-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [1921,"Dutch Code of Conduct Transparency Online Political Advertisements","https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/news/news-pdfs/Dutch-Code-of-Conduct-transparency-online-political-advertisements-EN.pdf","Feb 9, 2021 ... or future legislation and regulations. Compliance ... • the Law of 7 March 2013, including rules ... • the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, October 2018 ;.","EU","2021-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [1922,"The Long Fuse: Misinformation and the 2020 Election","https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:tr171zs0069/EIP-Final-Report.pdf","Feb 9, 2021 ... US elections are decentralized: almost 10,000 state and local election offices are primarily responsible for the operation of elections. Dozens of federal ...","US","2021-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [1923,"The Study of Dangers and Countermeasures of Fake News in Social ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3863013_code4492354.pdf?abstractid=3863013","Feb 8, 2021 ... not a written media law in some countries, like China. It is urgent for the Chinese government to create a formal media law that is adapted to Chinese realities ...","China","2021-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [1924,"Policy Recommendations for the Future of Election Security","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/D3PPolicyRecs.pdf","Feb 8, 2021 ... 34 “2020 CARES Act Grants.” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. ... misinformation. Chief ... tion-related disinformation by empowering states to take legal action ...","US","2021-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [1925,"Information Dystopia Philippine Democracy | Internews","https://internews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Internews_report_information_dystopia_Philippine_democracy_2021-01-updated.pdf","Feb 6, 2021 ... The Philippines is one of 17 states that passed regulation targeting disinformation during the ... the 2019 elections, anti-China disinformation and hate. We need ...","China","2021-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [1926,"Media law: Pitfalls and protections for the media","https://www.kas.de/documents/285576/11521648/MLHSA+2021+-+3+Media+law-+Pitfalls+and+protections+for+the+media.pdf/05bed305-6b7e-0232-912d-84a79f0d5da3?t=1612258526403","Feb 6, 2021 ... This chapter identifies fifteen instruments, charters or declarations adopted by international bodies such as the UN, the EU and the AU, or adopted at ...","EU","2021-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [1927,"Political Disagreement and Minimal Epistocracy","https://www.jesp.org/index.php/jesp/article/view/1088/308","Feb 7, 2021 ... and legislation (at the local, state, federal ... ing more political power to voters who know them will not gain us much. ... Infor- mation and Misinformation in ...","US","2021-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [1928,"Insights for online regulation: A case study monitoring political ...","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/212861/tools-for-online-regulation.pdf","Feb 4, 2021 ... 15 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en ... Background to Ofcom's role in online content regulation and in the Code of. Practice on Disinformation.","EU","2021-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [1929,"Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy","https://internews.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Internews_report_information_dystopia_Philippine_democracy_2021-01-updated.pdf","Feb 4, 2021 ... The Philippines is one of 17 states that passed regulation targeting disinformation ... Itendswith insights on regulation based on recent United States (US).","US","2021-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [1930,"Auditing Big Tech: Combating Disinformation with Reliable ...","https://enabling-digital.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Auditing_big_tech_Final.pdf","Feb 3, 2021 ... Chinese Journal of Communication 13(1):1–7. Human Rights Watch. 2018. 'Germany: Flawed Social Media Law'. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 1 October 2020 (https:// ...","China","2021-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1931,"Effect of Conformity on Perceived Trustworthiness of News in Social ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/4236/9357824/09233938.pdf","Feb 3, 2021 ... when less confident about their personal judgment. ... cizing it as fake news or misinformation as a “critical” ... VASSILIS KOSTAKOS is currently a Professor with ...","Australia","2021-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1932,"Responding to Hate and Bias at scHool","https://www.learningforjustice.org/sites/default/files/general/Responding%20to%20Hate%20at%20School%20ONLINE_2.pdf","Feb 3, 2021 ... Bias-based social media cases involving students have already made it into U.S. and Canadian courtrooms. Cyberbullying, once a new term, is now a common one.","US","2021-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1933,"What Is (Fake) News? Analyzing News Values (and More) in Fake ...","https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/146452/2/What%20is%20%28fake%29%20news%20Analyzing%20news%20values%20%28and%20more%29%20in%20fake%20stories.pdf","Feb 3, 2021 ... 'Fake news' became a topic of controversy during and following the 2016 U.S. presidential election. False sto- ries, such as those reporting that the Catholic ...","US","2021-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [1934,"CONCURRENT MISINFORMATION EFFECT 1 © 2020, American ...","https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/446259/1/Concurrent_Misinformation_Prepublish_version_PDF.pdf","Feb 2, 2021 ... Following the incrimination judgment, participants were given a seven-item cued-recall test, with five of the questions pertaining to the critical phrases and ...","US","2021-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [1935,"Misleading Information in Social Media News: How Bias Affects ...","https://scholar.dominican.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=honors-theses","Feb 2, 2021 ... on the perpetuation of misinformation showing that misinformation is incredibly difficult to ... us/ferguson-missouri-town-under- siege-after ... Law and Human ...","US","2021-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [1936,"Fraud: Recommendations to Strengthen the financial reporting ...","https://www.accountancyeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/Fraud-recommendations-to-strengthen-the-financial-reporting-ecosystem.pdf","Feb 1, 2021 ... Regulation (EU) No 537/2014 (the Audit Regulation) ... proposals represent Accountancy Europe ... • large scale disinformation, including misleading or outright ...","EU","2021-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [1937,"Re-thinking Information Ethics: Truth, Conspiracy Theories, and ...","https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/85218/Lor_Rethinking_2021.pdf?sequence=1","Feb 2, 2021 ... doms, and legal protections. ... misinformation, disinformation, fake news, and conspir-.","Australia","2021-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [1938,"The Effects of Message Order and Debiasing Information in ...","https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/files/72048825/Dai_et_al._2021_misinformation.pdf","Feb 1, 2021 ... Nations around the world are taking action to fight against misinformation, such as passing fake news laws, improving citizen media literacy, and regulating ...","US","2021-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [1939,"JOUR281 Media Law and Ethics in the Digital Age","https://carillon.umd.edu/sites/default/files/2021-01/JOURN-accesible.pdf","Jan 31, 2021 ... You will examine the effects of online disinformation, misinformation and hate speech. And you will work with a team to develop your own code of ethics for ...","US","2021-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [1940,"Summary for Policymakers","https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf","Jan 31, 2021 ... (China), Xuebin Zhang (Canada), Kirsten Zickfeld ... 4 Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of underlying evidence and agreement. ... and light-grey) are used ...","China","2021-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [1941,"The Rhetoric of Inaction:","https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/api-gateway/apsa/assets/orp/resource/item/6015b985a4f72b216c6638c9/original/the-rhetoric-of-inaction-failing-to-fail-forward-in-the-eu-s-rule-of-law-crisis.pdf","Jan 30, 2021 ... Subsequently, upon proposing a rule of law conditionality regulation for the EU ... /1549158302887/HUN+2018+Nov+misinformation+note+submitted+to+and+shared+by+Cou.","EU","2021-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [1942,"Vaccine misinformation on social media – topic-based content and ...","https://ppm-system.gumed.edu.pl/docstore/download/GUM86ca5a15191b4bb88a439df801ccc0f8/0000101862.pdf","Jan 30, 2021 ... 01-. 00-0472/16] – Sentimenti (https://sentimenti.com/eu-grant/). ORCID. Krzysztof Klimiuk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-2867.","EU","2021-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [1943,"Research note: Bolsonaro's firehose: How Covid-19 disinformation ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/soares_whatsapp_brazil_20210129.pdf","Jan 29, 2021 ... Other topics included the governors and mayors and their “hidden interests” against Bolsonaro. (36%); how China had engineered the virus (27%); how the media ( ...","China","2021-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [1944,"comment the deepfake dilemma: reconciling privacy and first ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1754&context=jcl","Jan 29, 2021 ... practice on labor and employment law and has legal research experience in the areas of privacy and government investigations. 1. See Sierra Lyda,“Deepfakes ...","China","2021-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [1945,"Fake News Detection through Graph Comment Advanced Learning","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.01579","Jan 29, 2021 ... Shenzhen, China haoliao@szu.edu.cn. Qixin Liu. Shenzhen University. Shenzhen, China. 1810273008@email.szu.edu.cn. Kai Shu. Illinois Institute of Technology.","China","2021-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [1946,"A Primer On - Market Manipulation Regulations in the U.S. and U.K.","https://www.rahmanravelli.co.uk/assets/Resource-Guides/Market-Manipulation/92edfae54c/Market-Manipulation-Master-Guide-29-Jan-2021.pdf","Jan 29, 2021 ... Anti-manipulation regulations in the U.K. stem mainly from the E.U.'s Market Abuse Regulation. (MAR) No 596/2014, which came into effect in 2016 while the ...","EU","2021-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [1947,"Disinformation's Dangerous Appeal: How the Tactic Continues to ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48599307","Jan 28, 2021 ... And then the misinformation ... So, disinformation and misinformation can overlap and ... Today I read something about China's spreading conspiracies–– martial law ...","China","2021-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1948,"NOTIONS OF DISINFORMATION AND RELATED CONCEPTS ...","https://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ERGA-SG2-Report-2020-Notions-of-disinformation-and-related-concepts.pdf","Jan 28, 2021 ... have legislation that aligns with the definition of misinformation ... EU Member State has a legislative definition that specifically uses the term disinformation ...","EU","2021-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1949,"THE POLITICS OF AI & DATA: MEDIA & ELECTIONS IN SOUTH ...","https://policyaction.org.za/sites/default/files/PAN_TopicalGuide_AIData8_ElecMedia_Elec.pdf","Jan 28, 2021 ... The European Union and the United States on Misinformation ... EU Takes Action against Fake News. DW. September ... Germany: Facebook Found in Violation of “Anti- ...","EU","2021-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1950,"Rumor surveillance in support of minimally invasive tissue sampling ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=printable&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244552","Jan 28, 2021 ... ... Australia, 3 ISGlobal, Hospital Clınic— ... After seeking consent from the parents/legal guardians of the ... and act upon public misinformation in real-time.","Australia","2021-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [1951,"Social Media: Misinformation and Content Moderation Issues for ...","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46662","Jan 27, 2021 ... Section 230 and COVID-19 Misinformation Legislation ... 7484. Preventing China from Exploiting. COVID-19 Act ... 4499. COVID-19 Misinformation and. Disinformation ...","China","2021-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1952,"Discussion paper: Understanding online false information in the UK","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/211986/understanding-online-false-information-uk.pdf","Jan 27, 2021 ... Social media and the public interests - Media regulation in the disinformation age, Columbia university press. 40 UNESCO, 2017. Protecting Journalism ...","China","2021-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1953,"Social Media: Misinformation and Content Moderation Issues for ...","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R46662.pdf","Jan 27, 2021 ... Section 230 and COVID-19 Misinformation Legislation ... 7484. Preventing China from Exploiting. COVID-19 Act ... 4499. COVID-19 Misinformation and. Disinformation ...","China","2021-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1954,"The presence of unexpected biases in online fact-checking","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/park_unexpected_biases_online_fact_checking_20210127.pdf","Jan 27, 2021 ... judgment. The graph title descriptions marked in ... in the U.S. at the time of experiment in 2019). Personal ... U.S. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation.","US","2021-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [1955,"Public Interest in a Potentially Harmful, Non–Evidence-Based ...","https://derma.jmir.org/2021/1/e24124/PDF","Jan 26, 2021 ... On October 21,. 2019, posts on the social media platform Instagram boasted that perineum sunning would improve focus, augment hormonal regulation, increase ...","Australia","2021-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [1956,"The Many Faces Fighting Disinformation","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EUDL-Faces-magazine_V4.pdf","Jan 25, 2021 ... The problem for us encompasses disinformation and misinformation, ... UK, US, Australia. Global. First Draft. 26. Page 27. With offices in three time zones.","Australia","2021-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [1957,"Timing matters when correcting fake news","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/133011/e2020043118.full.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Jan 25, 2021 ... policy and may be subject to US copyright law. ... fake news | misinformation | correction | fact-checking | memory ... If misinformation persists because people ...","US","2021-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [1958,"The Macedonian Fake News Industry and the 2016 US Election","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/79F67A4F23148D230F120A3BD7E3384F/S1049096520000992a.pdf/the-macedonian-fake-news-industry-and-the-2016-us-election.pdf","Jan 25, 2021 ... Of the. Macedonians surveyed, 53% said the law should not be a barrier to certain behavior; 85% agreed that some people are above the law. Moreover, among the ...","US","2021-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [1959,"Misleading News in Media : A study of newspapers and online news ...","https://mediaactionnepal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/misleading-news-in-media.pdf","Jan 25, 2021 ... misinformation. In Nepal, complaints ... We are grateful to the. U.S. Embassy in Nepal for providing us with an ... misinformation and disinformation. Also, the ...","US","2021-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [1960,"ONLINE MISINFORMATION ABOUT VACCINES","https://www.atrainceu.com/sites/default/files/299_Part%202-Article%205-Online%20Misinformation.pdf","Jan 24, 2021 ... How safe are vaccines • Vaccines Australia info • Vaccines immunisation • Immunisation. Australia • child vacines guide • vaccination for kids, safety and ...","Australia","2021-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [1961,"The Effect of Proprietary and Attribution Claims on Data Sharing ...","https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=jhclp","Jan 24, 2021 ... Law. It has ... ** Griffith Law School, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. *** ... misinformation (and perhaps even disinformation) when very little was ...","Australia","2021-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [1962,"The jigsaw puzzle of fraudulent health claims_ Missing ...","https://scottlilienfeld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/lilienfeld2020-1.pdf","Jan 23, 2021 ... b University of Melbourne, Australia ... Misinformation, and Norms, reflects an impressive effort to integrate ... The importance of mathematics in health and human.","Australia","2021-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [1963,"How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the ...","https://calgara.github.io/PolS5310_Spring2021/how-right-leaning-media-coverage-of-covid-19-facilitated-the-spread-of-misinformation-in-the-early-stages-of-the-pandemic-in-the-us.pdf","Jan 23, 2021 ... However, we do know that delays, denials and misinformation about COVID-19 have exacerbated its spread and slowed pandemic response, particularly in the. U.S. ( ...","US","2021-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [1964,"Disinformation and the Structural Transformations of the Public ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305121988928","Jan 22, 2021 ... legal enforcement. Researchers are beginning to ... and China. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 1–12 ... Crown. Publishing Group. Lewandowsky, S., Stritzke, W. G. K., ...","China","2021-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [1965,"Media Trust & Information in the Digital Age","https://asef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ASEF-Media-Handbook-JS12-PUBLICATION.pdf","Jan 21, 2021 ... It requires an assessment on whether this is done in both legal and ethical ways with respect to human rights. For UNESCO,. MIL lies at the core of freedom of ...","China","2021-01-21T00:00:00"],
    [1966,"social media companies' failure to tackle vaccine misinformation ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/3tia3m3b4jb4xmttshh3ga5mte/access/wayback/https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/372/bmj.n26.full.pdf","Jan 21, 2021 ... disinformation and misinformation as we do today. ... Law Rev 2018;131.https://harvardlawreview.org ... “Do no harm”—assessing the impact of prioritising US ...","US","2021-01-21T00:00:00"],
    [1967,"SUPPORTING HEALTH INNOVATION WITH FAIR INFORMATION ...","https://www.oecd.org/health/OECD-Israel-Health-Data-Governance-Workshop-Report.pdf","Jan 20, 2021 ... The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) recognizes scientific research as an issue of ... study of the laws, regulations ... misinformation. Trust building ...","EU","2021-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1968,"UK government publishes details of digital regulation to combat ...","https://www.allenovery.com/global/-/media/allenovery/2_documents/news_and_insights/publications/2021/01/uk_government_publishes_details_of_digital_regulation_to_combat_online_harms.pdf?rev=bd2bc6afcef44f25b6aa8e76b988da37","Jan 20, 2021 ... ... regulation”, instead placing significant legal ... and disinformation and misinformation that could cause ... legislation (not for at least two years after the ...","EU","2021-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1969,"Informational Apathy: The Impact of the Information Age A Research ...","https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/0v838140h?filename=Culfogienis_Dylan_STS_Research_Paper.pdf","Jan 20, 2021 ... increasingly being drowned out by misinformation and disinformation. ... US law; however, due to the increasing role they ... The U.S. Media's Problems Are Much ...","US","2021-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1970,"PUBLIC FORUM FAKE NEWS: TACKLING DISINFORMATION IN ...","https://www.eria.org/uploads/media/Event-Reports/2021-March-AoP-Report-Fake-News.pdf","Jan 20, 2021 ... His research interests are US foreign policy toward Southeast Asia, especially with Thailand, the future of. Indo-Pacific, and regional security architecture.","US","2021-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [1971,"Regulating Artificial Intelligence; Binary Ethics and the Law; 1","https://scholar.archive.org/work/y4veyq4zznfevp2fztajehphke/access/wayback/https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-capi2-distribution-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/books/9781003134725/HUB/googleScholarPdf.pdf?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%229781003134725_googlepreview.pdf%22&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20210119T085759Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=604799&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAQFVOSJ57SSJPZ65S%2F20210119%2Feu-west-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=d2301384864321985814e285d472b08eba3c9a86b438e7c26bf37170db5dfd08","Jan 19, 2021 ... With eight proficiency levels and examples of use'. (Publications Office of the EU Luxembourg 2017). 7 Code of Practice on Disinformation https://ec.europa.eu/ ...","EU","2021-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [1972,"Content Moderation as Surveillance","https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2648&context=facscholar","Jan 19, 2021 ... shutting down misinformation ... 125. Similarly, law enforcement routinely uses fake ... prioritize law enforcement, as the NetzDG and the EU Terrorist Regulation.","EU","2021-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [1973,"Media Literacy Standards to Counter Truth Decay","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA100/RRA112-12/RAND_RRA112-12.pdf","Jan 19, 2021 ... However, it is not clear whether the U.S. ... Misinformation,” American Educational Research Journal, Vol. ... This document and trademark(s) contained herein are ...","US","2021-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [1974,"Disinformation creep: ADOS and the strategic weaponization of ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/nkonde_disinformation_creep_ados_20210118_retracted.pdf","Jan 18, 2021 ... This group of Black Americans has a specific legal claim to reparations from the United States government for slavery and segregation, unlike other groups, ...","China","2021-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [1975,"Identifying Fake News on Social Networks Based on Natural ...","https://text2fa.ir/wp-content/uploads/Text2fa.ir-Identifying-Fake-News-on-Social-Netw.pdf","Jan 18, 2021 ... Each social media is subjected to different moderation rules and content regulation. Information is consumed mainly by the general public or society, which ...","Australia","2021-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [1976,"Deceptive Claims Using Fake News Advertising: The Impact on ...","https://www.law.northwestern.edu/research-faculty/events/colloquium/law-economics/documents/2021_sp_rao.pdf","Jan 18, 2021 ... create such exogenous variation using field experiments in this setting (federal law prohibits false or misleading advertising), this paper uses an event ...","US","2021-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [1977,"Trump, Parler, and Regulating the Infosphere as Our Commons","https://philarchive.org/archive/FLOTPA-3","Jan 17, 2021 ... and enabling the spread of so much misinformation and fake news, so the question ... regulation and market forces (Breton 2021). It is ... The fight for digital ...","EU","2021-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [1978,"Inquiry into Media Ethics and Credibility","https://sanef.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SANEF-ethics-report-OK.pdf","Jan 18, 2021 ... The growth of misinformation and disinformation ... us – the media ... regulations requiring publication in the press of legislation and legal notices as well as ...","US","2021-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [1979,"Cailin O'Connor and James Owen Weatherall, \"The Misinformation ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/pvuetolw3vbu5as3fx3pqs55qu/access/wayback/https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/pir/2020-v40-n4-pir05739/1074030ar.pdf","Jan 17, 2021 ... These developments have been blamed for a number of social and political upheavals, including the Brexit vote and the 2016 US presidential election, which makes ...","US","2021-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [1980,"COVID-19, Fake News, and Vaccines: Should Regulation Be ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-18-00744/article_deploy/ijerph-18-00744-v2.pdf?version=1611025708","Jan 16, 2021 ... The issue of misinformation ... “The legal framework to address 'fake news': possible policy actions at ... related factors among college students in China during ...","China","2021-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [1981,"FIGHTING FAKE NEWS","https://www.latrobe.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/1203553/carson-fake-news.pdf","Jan 15, 2021 ... Fighting Fake News: A Study of Online Misinformation Regulation in the Asia Pacific . ... fake news,” South China Morning Post, September 9, 2019, ... Act), ...","China","2021-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [1982,"Dancing in the Dark Disinformation Researchers Need More Robust ...","https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Disinformation-Researchers-Robust-Data-Partnerships-DiResta-1.pdf","Jan 15, 2021 ... particularly China and the United States; governments are being called to account for ... data: legislatures should “establish a legal framework within which the ...","China","2021-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [1983,"Foreign Interference through Social Media Submission 31","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=96b0318d-b259-4998-b231-ef94d0890698&subId=700624","Jan 15, 2021 ... were coordinated to spread misinformation and disinformation about COVID-19 – particularly the “China bioweapon conspiracy theory”. Research suggests that ...","China","2021-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [1984,"FACT-CHECKING AND DEBUNKING","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/nato_stratcom_coe_fact-checking_and_debunking_02-02-2021-1.pdf","Jan 15, 2021 ... of misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation ... eu's algorithms spot disinformation stories within two minutes, ... disinformation that include legislation ...","EU","2021-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [1985,"Industrialized Disinformation - 2020 Global Inventory of Organized ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2021/01/CyberTroop-Report-2020-v.2.pdf","Jan 14, 2021 ... professionalized, industrialized misinformation ... Her research focuses on China's use of state-sponsored digital disinformation. ... over censorship law.","China","2021-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [1986,"Scandinavian political journalism in a time of fake news and ...","http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1517997/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Jan 14, 2021 ... The European Union report from the independent high-level expert group on fake news and online disinformation suggests using the term disinforma- tion, which ...","EU","2021-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [1987,"Organised lying and professional legitimacy: Public relations ...","http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/106161/2/0267323120966851.pdf","Jan 14, 2021 ... ... regulation by technology companies' (PRCA, Response to fake news inquiry). Disinformation and fake news as a promotional opportunity. Presenting fake news ...","EU","2021-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [1988,"Galvanising youth in combatting online disinformation","https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-01/ran_young_galvanising_youth_07-08_122020_en.pdf","Jan 13, 2021 ... Report of the independent High Level Group on fake news and online disinformation. Luxembourg: Publications. Office of the European Union. •. Humprecht, E., ...","EU","2021-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1989,"Title: Monopolization Remedies and Data Privacy Author: Erika ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3766431_code497260.pdf?abstractid=3694607&mirid=1","Jan 14, 2021 ... (2019). 8 DIGITAL, CULTURE, MEDIA AND SPORT COMMITTEE, DISINFORMATION. AND FAKE NEWS ... (quoting. Sherman Act Section 2 Joint Hearing: Section 2 Polic I e H g T ...","EU","2021-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1990,"Countering Lies about the 2020 Presidential Election","https://statesuniteddemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/000A-Myths-and-Facts-of-the-2020-Presidential-Election-20210113-FINAL.pdf","Jan 13, 2021 ... established by federal law; and that the Electors and Elections Clause of the U.S. Constitution gives the ... The December 28 analysis is “obvious misinformation.","US","2021-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [1991,"REIMAGINING CONTENT MODERATION AND SAFEGUARDING ...","https://www.greens-efa.eu/files/assets/docs/alternative_content_web.pdf","Jan 12, 2021 ... EU law outlaws four types of content: (i) child sexual abuse material; (ii) racist and xenophobic hate speech;. (iii) terrorist content; and (iv) content ...","EU","2021-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [1992,"Investigating and Improving the Accuracy of US Citizens' Beliefs ...","https://www.jmir.org/2021/1/e24069/PDF","Jan 12, 2021 ... Background: The COVID-19 infodemic, a surge of information and misinformation, has sparked worry about the public's perception of the coronavirus pandemic.","US","2021-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [1993,"Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/pennycook_voter_fraud_elections_20210111.pdf","Jan 11, 2021 ... by misinformation per se, versus being a feature ... either by Trump losing his legal challenges or conceding, 6% would be convinced by Trump losing his legal.","US","2021-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [1994,"When Fact-Checking and 'BBC Standards' Are Helpless: 'Fake ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b853/83daa956f2455570925bde703dd850cd5084.pdf","Jan 9, 2021 ... The legal context [5,6] in the digital society [7] ... disinformation, misinformation and fake news ... This led to headers like: 'On the session of the UN Security.","EU","2021-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [1995,"Case Study - Covid Media Misguidance: A Case Report Highlighting ...","https://pubs.lib.umn.edu/index.php/innovations/article/download/3555/2661","Jan 9, 2021 ... hydroxychloroquine as a promising treatment, misinformation ... Laws set in place in other countries have received pushback due to government regulation of what ...","US","2021-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [1996,"The Impact of Twitter Labels on Misinformation Spread and User ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4044761_code5079389.pdf?abstractid=4036042&mirid=1","Jan 8, 2021 ... This study investigates the warning labels that Twitter placed on Donald Trump's false tweets about the 2020 US Presidential election. It specifically studies ...","US","2021-01-08T00:00:00"],
    [1997,"Automatic detection of influential actors in disinformation networks","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2011216118","Jan 7, 2021 ... Rubin, Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical. Sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2015). 25. L. Dearden, Emmanuel Macron launches legal ...","China","2021-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [1998,"Privacy law—misuse of private information | 5RB","https://www.5rb.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Privacy-law%E2%80%94misuse-of-private-information.pdf","Jan 7, 2021 ... EU case law before and after Brexit. This Practice ... For the most part, EU ... False information may be the subject of a claim if the misinformation is of a ...","EU","2021-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [1999,"Deplatformed: Social Network Censorship, The First Amendment ...","https://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3306&context=lawreview","Jan 7, 2021 ... See generally Shawn CooEe, Distrust in News Media. Ticks Up, Concern About Misinformation Is Strong, CIVIC SCI. ... would liEely Ireturn us to the legal noYmanГs ...","US","2021-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [2000,"Sharing (mis) information on social networking sites. An exploration ...","https://research.tudelft.nl/files/87361638/Marin2021_Article_SharingMisInformationOnSocialN.pdf","Jan 6, 2021 ... Keywords Misinformation · Sharing · Posting ... sonal attacks but these are in place mostly for legal rea- sons and are kept to a minimum. ... europ a.eu/jrc/en ...","EU","2021-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2001,"Automatic detection of influential actors in disinformation networks","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10879","Jan 7, 2021 ... L. Dearden (2017) Emmanuel Macron launches legal complaint over offshore account allega- tions spread by Marine Le Pen. The Independent. https://www.","EU","2021-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2002,"The coming of the storm: moral panics, social media and regulation ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13600834.2022.2088064","Jan 7, 2021 ... Also, T Shane, 'The Rise of Gaslighting: Debates about Disinformation on Twitter and 4chan, and the Possibility of a “Good Echo Chamber”' (2022) Popular Communi ...","EU","2021-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2003,"1 Misinformation and disagreement Ritsaart Reimann Mark Alfano 1 ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/REIMAD","Jan 6, 2021 ... (2018), traditional media are still the most prevalent source of political information for most of the US population. Relatedly, Shearer and. Gottfried (2017) ...","US","2021-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2004,"MASS, COMPUTER-GENERATED, AND FRAUDULENT COMMENTS","https://www.acus.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Final%20Report%20on%20Mass%2C%20Computer-Generated%2C%20and%20Fraudulent%20Comments%20%28Final%2006-01-2021%29_0.pdf","Jan 6, 2021 ... misinformation.57 The agency personnel we ... U.S. Dep't of the Interior, 381 F. ... connection with the violation of any federal law or the commission of a felony.","US","2021-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2005,"Conspiracy theories in online environments: An interdisciplinary ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14614448221075759","Jan 5, 2021 ... the concepts of misinformation, disinformation, fake news, or rumors without explicitly defining or differentiating them from conspiratorial narratives ...","Australia","2021-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [2006,"Reducing the Spread of Internet Misinformation in IBD: Ethics and ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/h53jg2vybjh23omqj7cornfmiu/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/izaa335.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsswggLHBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggK4MIICtAIBADCCAq0GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM4lIC_wAUQODX7CB4AgEQgIICfv7HwKT8FxNBeETtwEjlcmhZNqXIIktb6SXpTazeGwSqAtUGV7vn8Wh8o3CNrveGO1odoKSNMAfTrDVoYRSWUF8E2MA0m4EvO7CcwHc_ktEw1sk9TRffFu6rliEnZAJWMym4_Ea1PwIu29kGVQZqcAi6y9iVLTujSKjALnDzvmt-YOtznbMp8iJqrivwCSUX7hc795A360X-JIXdhsMnC4hRGq5NYPQQB2CnZf4tIUdp9rHHWh8Mf6vLvoE2UggUl5OdxjipkYExZFCmlkpaDFyTDYTNr3hzEeeswCCqmQ5qhXm-U-yftc85a_gi7WNtfo7nfoNsqPf9LrBlCOjEY6ULX34L2xwqyVtXiAyfb1_R7omf1NPR0EXrOzyOcweHX7eherLPPvOqKX7YBPVAzLZLcz7M-gDiYhca3aFikREtArwTS8d_51YnVosFIWZYscfebHRIOESQfZG_zBY8qS4hXnZ8YWeiRnXSA1q_aAAfx_iZs-vN28OOi6xP55efJWJ6wCuaCo6jzQNp92S1rlJUlUrP8K0MwYSNL1VUG4Z7QvLmHiYazSEQTyDeaBMXjf43gsLe0wQfjr_wYzwEA6zdXoH-nzzOkvS2xLJf_zA51WERZVSQdGXxvdzMQPVhwZkPjzRYVQ9jek4ASxnlxQYkvbq7CMZr5ZN34xG9GWAYW7wh0F2ojtzlNiKu6g6bXNBOHb0DCf80jl2AX5WETn4i_1YqUPen6Wdwt_slRruXc6eQEv4lqdj6VRvnGYYx8xsOo-21MNisws--wNmivEqILFEoxGf-zWKZKAwvWKaoaAFurymMD9SP77fNuYfESaPzyNz8uGAlpHe1KYcj","Jan 5, 2021 ... It is not a far leap for the patient to then assume that what we are prescribing is not only profitable to us but is also potentially harmful to them. This is ...","US","2021-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [2007,"Reconsidering Regime Type and Growth: Lies, Dictatorships, and ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43868268","Jan 3, 2021 ... score as China (polity = - 7), but ... of Law, Economics, and Organization 19(2): 445-490. ... (2012) There are lies and damned lies; then there's. China GDP data!","China","2021-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [2008,"Legitimating a platform: evidence of journalists' role in transferring ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1874037","Jan 3, 2021 ... The recent proliferation of misinformation suggests not. ... Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order. ... in US news as vox populi. The ...","US","2021-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [2009,"Ethical engagement, Responsibility and Strategic communication in ...","https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7756867.pdf","Jan 1, 2021 ... news, or misinformation ... resent EU institutions and well-known NGOs (Community manager, Social media ... MIT Sloan Management Review 46(3): 83–89. Dutta, Mohan J ...","EU","2021-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [2010,"WEIGHING EVIDENCE","https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/legal-concepts/Documents/Evid%20Full_e-2020-FINAL.pdf","Dec 31, 2020 ... was obtained in China, was not undertaken in compliance with Canadian law and therefore was not considered a valid divorce in Canada. Therefore, the ...","China","2020-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [2011,"Australian Communications and Media Authority Submission Senate ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=0ab26df7-c75a-4ef0-85eb-89680449c7a3&subId=699912","Dec 31, 2020 ... Once the grant agreement is executed the information is published on GrantConnect. Media diversity in Australia. Submission 36. Page 7. acma | 3.","Australia","2020-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [2012,"Misinformation About COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence ...","https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/HS.2020.0202","Dec 31, 2020 ... ... Law, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia. Emmanuel. Kwasi Abu, PhD, is Dean, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health ...","Australia","2020-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [2013,"Automatic detection of Fake News","https://hj.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1806934/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Dec 29, 2020 ... Following the American presidential election in 2016, the terms ”fake news” was popularized and has since been a common term in the public vocabulary. While ...","US","2020-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [2014,"Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Fake News (Online ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.01142","Dec 28, 2020 ... ... misinformation sources are pointed out. ... collaboration in the regulation of fake news and disinformation. ... Tan, Casia image tampering detection evaluation ...","China","2020-12-28T00:00:00"],
    [2015,"\"Because It is Wrong\": An Essay on the Immorality and Illegality of ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1127&context=jolti","Dec 27, 2020 ... of misinformation has led to mass violence and killing as mentioned below. ... them, and made enforcing these agreements the law of California, except where the.","China","2020-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2016,"Social Media and Trust in Scientific Expertise: Debating the Covid ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120981057","Dec 27, 2020 ... rithmically filter out fake news and misinformation, on ... Pressured by investigative journalists, parliamentarians, and the European Union (EU), Roche ...","EU","2020-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2017,"Detecting Medical Misinformation on Social Media Using Multimodal ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.13968","Dec 27, 2020 ... health problem in the United States (US) [1]. The ... image to subvert the regulation [6], [7]. Lastly ... fever misinformation on Twitter [33]. The authors ...","US","2020-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2018,"1 Understanding Covid-19 misinformation and vaccine hesitancy in ...","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.20248259v1.full.pdf","Dec 26, 2020 ... Heightened levels of confusion, distress and mistrust are related to a lower proclivity towards Covid-19 vaccine uptake. As is often found with the inverse law ...","China","2020-12-26T00:00:00"],
    [2019,"Government Communications, Political Trust and Compliant Social ...","https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/cca112d5-c53b-4cd4-abef-a95ae53b9cf1/PubMedCentral/cca112d5-c53b-4cd4-abef-a95ae53b9cf1.pdf","Dec 27, 2020 ... between information, misinformation, and disinformation. ... officials had attended EU meetings. A senior ... distrust the judgment of others or follow our own gut ...","EU","2020-12-26T00:00:00"],
    [2020,"Journalism and fake news in the Covid-19 era. Perspectives for ...","https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/med/article/download/9682/9007/19404","Dec 25, 2020 ... misinformation, disinformation ... perceived standard of judgment is currently weakening. ... Let us now try and apply these key concepts to the issue of fake news.","US","2020-12-25T00:00:00"],
    [2021,"Political Knowledge and Misinformation in the Era of Social Media ...","https://osf.io/bfm98/download","Dec 23, 2020 ... Legal immigration from the EU to the United Kingdom was another highly salient issue during the 2015 campaign. Concerns about this issue were instru- mental ...","EU","2020-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [2022,"Climate Change Disinformation and How to Combat It","https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102409","Dec 23, 2020 ... Notwithstanding the pervasive scientific agreement and measurable adverse consequences of cli- mate change, the public in many countries remain partially ...","EU","2020-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [2023,"Climate Change Disinformation and How to Combat It","https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/271993970/annurev_publhealth_090419_102409.pdf","Dec 23, 2020 ... School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, ... climate legislation, political affiliation had little ...","Australia","2020-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [2024,"Impact of Unreliable Content on Social Media Users during COVID ...","https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2978860/Impact+of+Unreliable+Content+on+Social+Media+Users+during+COVID-19+and+Stance+Detection+System.pdf?sequence=1","Dec 23, 2020 ... informed judgment of their potential of being fake. ... Trends in the diffusion of misinformation on social media. ... In Proceedings of the 26th International ...","Australia","2020-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [2025,"How the United States and Russia represent mutual propaganda ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0263395720966171","Dec 23, 2020 ... Russia has restricted foreign ownership of media, passed new laws on countering 'fake news' and misinformation, increased investment in its own PD media ...","US","2020-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [2026,"Fake news agenda in the era of COVID-19: Identifying trends ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.11004","Dec 22, 2020 ... This project was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No ...","EU","2020-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [2027,"Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA ...","https://www.kas.de/documents/288143/11133938/Panorama_Trust_TanZhiHan.pdf/898f786c-229e-b2c6-a4d3-1b1e22128035?t=1608692256696","Dec 22, 2020 ... “News analysis: Fake-news laws — what do the first two cases tell us?” TODAY, December 5, (https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/news-analysis-fake-news- laws- ...","US","2020-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [2028,"Restructuring Information Warfare in the United States: Shaping the ...","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-34_Issue-4/F-Eastin_Franck.pdf?source=GovD","Dec 21, 2020 ... creating misinformation. The PRC suppressed ... that the virus originated from China, let alone 'made in China'”25 South Africa is ... legal limita- tions leave ...","China","2020-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2029,"Social Media COVID-19 Misinformation Interventions Viewed ...","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_events/1582978/social_media_covid-19_misinformation_interventions_viewed_positively_but_have_limited_impact.pdf","Dec 21, 2020 ... misinformation that has arisen [9]. To investigate the ... the virus will kill 65 million people D China built ... will be a mass quarantine and martial law in a ...","China","2020-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2030,"Foreign agents in Russian media law","https://rm.coe.int/iris-extra-2020en-foreign-agents-in-russian-media-law/1680a0cd08","Dec 22, 2020 ... The “Foreign Agents” Law has been widely criticised. Just to mention a few European examples: the Spokesperson of the EU's European External Action Service ( ...","EU","2020-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2031,"The Journalistic Approach: Evaluating Web Sources in an Age of ...","https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1374&context=comminfolit","Dec 21, 2020 ... Let us know how access to this document benefits you. ... Disinformation. Communications in ... legal journal article could be a good choice in this instance.","US","2020-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2032,"MONOPOLIES: A THREAT TO CONSUMERS OR A POLITICAL PLOY","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3752950_code4280324.pdf?abstractid=3752950&mirid=1","Dec 21, 2020 ... for questionable privacy practices, disseminating harmful content and misinformation ... Changes to China's regulation of anticompetitive behaviors are emerging ...","China","2020-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [2033,"Fake news, a construction of reality","https://philarchive.org/archive/DRAD-4","Dec 20, 2020 ... Does that disapprove the law of identity? Does that mean that A does not equal A? If both of us observe A, your observation changes A differently than mine, so ...","US","2020-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [2034,"Learning about reputational risk in the era of Covid-19 ...","https://revistascientificas.uspceu.com/doxacomunicacion/article/download/382/449/979","Dec 19, 2020 ... ... Law (11%). Other participants have MBAs as well ... As such, foresight is the solution to the reputational risk of disinformation and fake news. ... EU Code of ...","EU","2020-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2035,"Global Risk Communication and Community Engagement Strategy ...","https://www.unicef.org/media/90706/file/COVID-19-Global-Risk-Communication-and-Community-Engagement-Strategy.pdf","Dec 19, 2020 ... What does the evidence tell us? Socio-behavioural ... Legal status, discrimination ... Misinformation and rumours can negatively impact on vaccine confidence.","US","2020-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2036,"Climate Change Disinformation and Polarization in Canadian Society","https://www.naadsn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20-dec-Bellamy-Disinformation.pdf","Dec 18, 2020 ... and the terms disinformation, misinformation, false information and fake news ... regulation would be expensive and difficult to ... China and its Arctic ...","China","2020-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [2037,"Towards a framework for information incidents - Paper 3","https://fullfact.org/media/uploads/framework_paper_3.pdf","Dec 18, 2020 ... ... misinformation. This was clearly evident during ... Unfamiliar event (a UK referendum) and topics (e.g. EU law and trade). ... The first draft of the framework for ...","EU","2020-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [2038,"The evolution of computational propaganda: Bots, influencers, and ...","https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sam-Wooley__Yale-ISP.pdf","Dec 18, 2020 ... of misinformation and disinformation on ​encrypted and private messaging services​, and ... law about automated various human texting. ... Will the federal ...","US","2020-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [2039,"The impact of disinformation on democratic processes and human ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/653635/EXPO_STU(2021)653635_EN.pdf","Dec 17, 2020 ... Effective responses to disinformation are needed at multiple levels, including formal laws and regulations, corporate measures and civil society action. While ...","China","2020-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2040,"CHINA'S DISINFORMATION STRATEGY","https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CHINA-ASI-Report-FINAL-1.pdf","Dec 17, 2020 ... China's history of being colonized and losing control of its own territory—as happened in the era of Treaty Ports run by European powers and the later.","China","2020-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2041,"public service media as a political issue","https://scholar.archive.org/work/x3gvdeejhjbqbgvhowu4oefdry/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/jinfopoli_10_1_439.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAwswggMHBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggL4MIIC9AIBADCCAu0GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMOK8ltIhoIBUBHGcCAgEQgIICvpMtaa90qLXkhXFfvwsLl7prMwDAxzXy6CHd_FKi80e13advnVt6-V7Z7BvhuQDMBdUEASlzKGKyYBgHig5gs-3PXxKE1GUaDzlHICw660GmneWA2je2sLy_PUrWqJ8FavIqfrTSF1Gzq6tLK55pbBYEigTfPF39RGx7J9W4ethcqkTnBtxr6JS_brd5ePMf_948M31tXw5-HrF6PcHZsZ5Ki9bhMAjykLpmFB37NdEZarnWNJY6pdmNx4BjqB3dsI8MND5qX5OUDWJqJEin0AaJ1E7SW-mXRqe-BOu1cIiCG-4fu1TWmevK6KmnCYtBszkT9FlgoJ3cNbSePOAkV4kysxG-xFaylls5iMSz4Pk5ZlQsE19iVsWPnADikqpFclxWLBVLVay2lvphmKQIUpnKSgS9XREE0xCasBvQIOU9XNspmCTQiOmkcByjS_8j1mflc_dsXv8EUQYA96s2a3-HtKhuxMHc8k2SAH83qz5_PiudqA7hMz94mtM86-7jpH9bXLDrRHhGeuwZdAJ5k2668ehT-a8sxsAuTW6gqThCGY7yo-KXlZhQbMXLHeFd-NRFZ4LgS4cSZnL3SvyThaL5p8FC6gKssprBqNXNXgbN10K_c3F6Lur1qLkBQQ4hFeYBelt_ha-p9Wd0ygsjEYoUMjBA69o5K-xtfSlGImv0H8srmqPXJ6g4uojp542wUyqNeVHYZxNI4Q37RNdLQmsDStTdIO0GlfcUaecXpy9J8_TnZDUdmTrVW0qYYCaJ-zAnskfmx0Z9t3EtQgOr4XtaYOzwsplTRh3Cuo1PdeJxZbReDbYtRozm-w9YBgrXN-XglNqYQ6W4RS4cXlbCrorgkU0CNfuwr2kmHWw77rkvZIFZIBcM6TJJIDQ4El1yimqCpyiCcSxKgfZ66YVz5RvkxLCTSZUIBdsf_cGNXA","Dec 17, 2020 ... European Union, “Treaty of Amsterdam,” 109. 54. This extension of public broadcasters to digital and online media is referred to by many scholars as the ...","EU","2020-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2042,"Organised lying and professional legitimacy: Public relations ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0267323120966851","Dec 17, 2020 ... that makes us susceptible to fake news. (Hill+ ... subject of aggressive campaigns based on misinformation ... Policies and regulation that focus on fake news ...","US","2020-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2043,"Documenting Perceptions about Peer Correction of Misinformation ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5b8f/253ce0cdf6677c8201f3b564df87d8014f12.pdf","Dec 17, 2020 ... Especially in the context of COVID-19, emerging partisan divides in the United States in terms of perceptions of disease severity, exposure to misinformation, ...","US","2020-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2044,"Bribery & Corruption","https://www.lw.com/en/insights/2020/12/global-legal-insights-bribery-corruption-8th-edition-china","Dec 15, 2020 ... China has had strong anti-corruption laws for many years. On 1 January 1980, the Criminal. Law of the People's Republic of China (the “PRC Criminal Law”), ...","China","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2045,"AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE ON FAKE NEWS ...","https://ir.uitm.edu.my/40179/1/40179.pdf","Dec 15, 2020 ... Keywords: Covid-19, Fake news, Infodemic, Misinformation, Rumours. 1. Introduction ... Regulation of COVID-19 fake news infodemic in China and India. Media.","China","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2046,"Online Harms White Paper: Full Government Response to the ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd8af718fa8f54d5f67a81e/Online_Harms_White_Paper_Full_Government_Response_to_the_consultation_CP_354_CCS001_CCS1220695430-001__V2.pdf","Dec 15, 2020 ... Some types of disinformation and misinformation are likely to be proposed in secondary legislation as categories of priority harm that companies must. 22 'Tech ...","EU","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2047,"Addressing hate speech through education","https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/publications-and-resources/Addressing_hate_speech_through_education_A_guide_for_policy_makers.pdf","Dec 15, 2020 ... While the immediate intended outcomes may centre on developing the knowledge, skills and competences to identify misinformation and disinformation, check ...","Australia","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2048,"Ensuring effective and transformative policy reform: lessons from ...","https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/67706/1/JCU_67706_Day_2020_thesis.pdf","Dec 15, 2020 ... It was 'top-down' in that the Act and Australia's Ocean Policy provided an ... misinformation. Memory &. Cognition, 42 (2):292 ... regulation. Environmental ...","Australia","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2049,"Module 8: 'False news', misinformation and propaganda","https://www.mediadefence.org/ereader/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/12/Module-8-False-news-misinformation-and-propaganda.pdf","Dec 15, 2020 ... MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION AND MAL ... Law and Order Maintenance Act, on the basis that ... 21 United States v Alvarez, 567 U.S. 709 (2012) (accessible at:.","US","2020-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2050,"Cyber Attacks and Cyber (Mis)information Operations During a ...","https://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Cyber-Attacks-and-Cyber-Misinformation-Operations-During-a-Pandemic_2.pdf","Dec 14, 2020 ... Betsy Woodruff Swan, Russian, Chinese and Iranian Disinformation Narratives Echo One ... coronavirus”: China ... In sum, state agents have a negative duty under ...","China","2020-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [2051,"Misrepresentation of contraceptive effectiveness rates for fertility ...","https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:f5ad48b/UQf5ad48b_OA.pdf","Dec 14, 2020 ... Evaluation of the. Effectiveness of a Natural Fertility Regulation Programme in China. Bulletin of the Ovulation Method Research and Reference Centre of ...","China","2020-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [2052,"Coronavirus: vaccine misinformation and the role of social media","https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policy-institute/assets/coronavirus-vaccine-misinformation.pdf","Dec 14, 2020 ... In order to combat the spreading of such misinformation, a majority of the public support at least some form of regulation of social media: • Two-thirds (67 ...","US","2020-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [2053,"Identifying Twitter users who repost unreliable news sources with ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/169445/1/peerj-cs-325.pdf","Dec 14, 2020 ... Why do people share fake news? A sociotechnical model of media effects. Georgetown Law Technology Review 2:357–384. Merity S, Keskar NS, Socher R. 2017 ...","EU","2020-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [2054,"Research on Non-verbal Signs of Lies and Deceit: A Blind Alley","https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/82284/B_Magnussen%2B2020.pdf?sequence=2","Dec 14, 2020 ... Research on the detection of lies and deceit has a prominent place in the field of psychology and law with a substantial research literature published in ...","Australia","2020-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [2055,"Detection and Resolution of Rumors and Misinformation with NLP","https://aclanthology.org/2020.coling-tutorials.4.pdf","Dec 12, 2020 ... Leon has taught full university courses in the UK, USA, Denmark, Russia, and. China. ld@itu.dk www.derczynski.com. Arkaitz Zubiaga is an assistant professor at ...","China","2020-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [2056,"POLICY BRIEF VOLUME 1 NUMBER 1, 2020 BETWEEN CONFLICT ...","https://www.ub.bw/sites/default/files/2020-12/UBALF-Policy-Briefs-Vol-1-No-1-2020.pdf","Dec 12, 2020 ... ... China Rivalry as. Beijing Refuses to Join Treaty Talks,” South China Morning Post, June 11, 2020, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3088476 ...","China","2020-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [2057,"Democracy and Fake News in the Age of Cyberspace* Adem ...","https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1447408","Dec 12, 2020 ... 2020, www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-0915/cyber- threats-added-to-u-s-australia-treaty.html. Goldman, R. (2016). “Reading Fake News, Pakistani Minister. Directs ...","Australia","2020-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [2058,"WHISTLEBLOWING:","https://www.unpri.org/download?ac=12194","Dec 10, 2020 ... Effective whistleblowing mechanisms can be a valuable resource for risk management, protecting companies from financial loss, legal liabilities and lasting ...","China","2020-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [2059,"INFORMING THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE DANGERS OF A ...","https://centralasiaprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CAP-Paper-248-by-Bakhtiyar-Nurumov-et-al.-Final.pdf","Dec 10, 2020 ... COVID-19 and to combat fake news and misinformation. ... According to the law, you need to apply with an official letter to find out whether ... 1. (2019): 31–34.","Australia","2020-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [2060,"COVID-19 Effects and Russian Disinformation Campaigns","https://www.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/hsaj_covid192020_covid19effectsrussiandisinformationcampaigns.pdf","Dec 9, 2020 ... Russia seeks to undermine the legitimacy of democratic institutions in Europe and attack the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). According to diplomatic ...","China","2020-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [2061,"Tackling misinformation: What researchers could do with social ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37366685/pasquetto_misinformation_social_media_data_20201209.pdf?sequence=1","Dec 9, 2020 ... Yang, K.C.. Tackling misinformation: What researchers could do with social media data. ... and legal issues of privacy and data security on ... of Western Australia ...","Australia","2020-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [2062,"Regulating digital gatekeepers: background on the future digital ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/659397/EPRS_BRI(2020)659397_EN.pdf","Dec 8, 2020 ... ... disinformation and propaganda issues.8. The ... EU regulatory body for the enforcement of ex ante regulation. ... Act – · deepening the internal market and ...","EU","2020-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [2063,"Uncommon Law: The Past, Present and Future of Libel Law in a ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1665&context=uclf","Dec 8, 2020 ... See Reuters Staff, Malaysia Parliament Scraps Law Penalizing Fake News, REUTERS (Oct. ... pudiate EUvsDisinfo.eu, a European Union website created by the East.","EU","2020-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [2064,"Understanding How Readers Determine the Legitimacy of Online ...","https://www.colorado.edu/faculty/lehmantamara/sites/default/files/attached-files/crv-asonam-2020_paper_150.pdf","Dec 7, 2020 ... Abstract—Internet users are routinely exposed to fake news in their social media feeds. The main goal of this paper is to identify.","China","2020-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [2065,"How News Can Confuse","https://www.cspinet.org/system/files/2022-06/december2020.pdf","Dec 7, 2020 ... (Whether companies follow that law is another ... Misinformation about Covid-19 is an epidemic of its own ... Melbourne in Australia.1. The “slow” group was ...","Australia","2020-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [2066,"The Indirect Regulation of Influencer Advertising - TAMANY VINSON ...","https://www.fdli.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/7-Bentz-Veltri-Final.pdf","Dec 7, 2020 ... 29 U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMIN., GUIDANCE FOR INDUSTRY – INTERNET/SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS: CORRECTING INDEPENDENT THIRD-PARTY MISINFORMATION ABOUT PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ...","US","2020-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [2067,"Blocking the Spread of Misinformation in a Network under Distinct ...","https://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~myday/doc/ASONAM2020/ASONAM2020_Proceedings/pdf/papers/037_015_232.pdf","Dec 7, 2020 ... Allcott and. Gentzkow (2017) [3] present an analysis of how misinforma- tion may have affected the result of the 2016 United States elections. Another example ...","US","2020-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [2068,"The Myth of the Misinformed Migrant? Survey Insights from Nigeria's ...","https://www.wzb.eu/system/files/docs/ped/ipi/Beber_Scacco_Misinformed_Migrants.pdf","Dec 5, 2020 ... does misinformation persist? Traffickers and ... US and EU Immigration Pressures in the Long Run. ... ““If I Look at the Mass I Will Never Act”: Psychic Numbing and.","EU","2020-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [2069,"Automatically Characterizing Targeted Information Operations ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08726","Dec 4, 2020 ... or fake news sources can cause misinformation ... china, chinese, wuhan, #beijing, #china, #chinese, ... [32] North. Atlantic. Treaty. Organization,. “Nato's.","China","2020-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [2070,"Fake news detection for the Russian language","https://aclanthology.org/2020.rdsm-1.5.pdf","Dec 4, 2020 ... Moreover, fake news detection in Russian becomes more actual due to the appearance of new laws in the Russian legal system. For example, since 2020 the Russian ...","China","2020-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [2071,"Science and the Public: Debate, Denial, and Skepticism","https://jspp.psychopen.eu/index.php/jspp/article/download/4965/4965.pdf/","Dec 4, 2020 ... jspp.psychopen.eu | 2195-3325 ... Misinformation and the War on Terror: When memory turns fiction into fact. ... Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24, 333-349. doi ...","EU","2020-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [2072,"Encountering misinformation online: antecedents of trust and distrust ...","https://www.newswise.com/pdf_docs/16076047227459_Cheng%20trust%20distrust%20and%20Facebook%202020%20FINAL.pdf","Dec 3, 2020 ... 2.2 Misinformation and disinformation ... regulation”, Mass Communication and Society, Vol. ... examination of gratifications, civic attitudes and civic engagement ...","China","2020-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [2073,"Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political ...","https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/files/34155853/Rogers_Active_P2020.pdf","Dec 3, 2020 ... in preparing this publication, the Commonwealth of Australia and the authors—to the extent permitted by law— disclaim all liability howsoever caused ...","Australia","2020-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [2074,"The Public Interest News Gathering (PING) Trust: Addressing the ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/mrgp-jasmine-matz.pdf","Dec 3, 2020 ... 4 However, in the operation of the free market, Australia is facing Media monopolisation, news 'deserts', misinformation, and popular division through partisan ...","Australia","2020-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [2075,"The Psychology of Fake News","https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/pdf/S1364-6613(21)00051-6.pdf","Dec 2, 2020 ... Despite potential concerns about political bias or lack of knowledge, recent work has found high agreement between layperson crowds and fact-checkers when ...","EU","2020-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [2076,"Dictating the Internet: Curtailing Free Expression and Information ...","https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Vietnam-Freedom-of-expression-Publications-reports-thematic-reports-2020-ENG.pdf","Dec 1, 2020 ... ... fake-news-law- · social-media.html. 180 Amnesty Intl, April 2020. 181 Trung Son, 'Three celebrities cough up $430 each for fake coronavirus posts', VN Express ...","China","2020-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [2077,"Lies, Debates, and Silences - How News Corp produces climate ...","https://cdn.getup.org.au/2790-Lies_Debates_and_Silences_FINAL.pdf","Dec 1, 2020 ... emergency'', despite Australia being on track to meet its Paris Agreement target five years earlier than planned.” Page 66. 66. Lies, Debates, and Silences ...","Australia","2020-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [2078,"playing with fake news: state of fake news video games","https://recil.ensinolusofona.pt/bitstream/10437/13423/1/Playing%20With%20Fake%20News%20State%20Of%20Fake%20News%20Video%20Games.pdf","Dec 1, 2020 ... Scott DeJong is is a PhD student in Communication studies at Concordia University studying serious play, game design, and disinformation.","Australia","2020-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [2079,"Organised Chaos: Russian influence and the state of disinformation ...","https://sites.tufts.edu/murrowcenter/files/2020/11/Organised-Chaos.pdf","Nov 30, 2020 ... This was a critical hurdle to overcome to accede to. NATO and the EU. The agreement was signed in July 2018 but still needed approval via a referendum vote. A ...","EU","2020-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [2080,"A systematic literature review on disinformation: Toward a unified ...","https://coinform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/A-Systematic-Literature-Review-On-Disinformation.pdf","Nov 29, 2020 ... as disinformation and misinformation. Extraction of false ... Renda A (2018) The legal framework to address “fake news”: possible policy actions at the EU.","EU","2020-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [2081,"Causal Judgment in the Wild: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cogs.13101","Nov 29, 2020 ... At that time, then-President Trump was spreading misinformation about the election outcome. The mean difference in causal ratings between Trump and Biden voters ...","Australia","2020-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [2082,"The Chief Executive's 2020 Policy Address - Striving Ahead with ...","https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2020/eng/pdf/PA2020.pdf","Nov 27, 2020 ... China (the Basic Law); it was imperative to always focus on ... Kong's laws and judicial ... the proliferation of misinformation in social media, it is the shared.","China","2020-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [2083,"Corrections of political misinformation: no evidence for an effect of ...","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2020.0145","Nov 27, 2020 ... One factor assumed to affect post-correction reliance on misinformation is worldview-driven motivated reasoning. For example, a recent study with an Australian ...","Australia","2020-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [2084,"Consumer policy: principles and instruments","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_2.2.1.pdf","Nov 25, 2020 ... Access to information has been improved through a single digital gateway (Regulation (EU) 2018/1724). ... reimbursements and to counter misinformation and the ...","EU","2020-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [2085,"Complex commercial fraud: Proceedings of a conference held 20-23 ...","https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-11/Proceedings10.pdf","Nov 25, 2020 ... We would regard a misinformation to the Stock ... 1990, Auditors Legal Duties and Liabilities in Australia, Australian Accounting ... There are too many sets of ...","Australia","2020-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [2086,"Using artificial intelligence to make decisions: Addressing the ...","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/final_version_technical_paper_addressing_the_problem_of_algorithmic_bias.pdf","Nov 23, 2020 ... It shows how algorithmic bias may pose a risk of unlawful discrimination under federal, state and territory anti-discrimination and equal opportunity laws. This ...","China","2020-11-23T00:00:00"],
    [2087,"Sources and Amplifiers of Climate Change Denial","https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DunlapBrulle.RHBCCC.2020.pdf","Nov 22, 2020 ... Legal suits against energy corporations that have promoted disinformation are also useful (Farrell et al.,. 2019). The ever-growing body of research on the ...","Australia","2020-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [2088,"Forecasting the governance of harmful social media ...","https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/168757/1/WRAP-Forecasting-the-governance-of-harmful-social-media-communications-findings-from-the-digital-wildfire-policy-Delphi-Procter-2021.pdf","Nov 21, 2020 ... Yet American law and culture strongly circumscribe government power to regulate speech on the internet and elsewhereL. (Samples, 2019, p. 1). Whilst social ...","US","2020-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [2089,"STOP THE VIRUS OF DISINFORMATION","https://unicri.it/sites/default/files/2020-11/SM%20misuse.pdf","Nov 19, 2020 ... ... legal sta- tus of any country, territory, city or ... 12 Data scientists, journalists, fact-checkers, and developers are teaming up to combat disinformation and ...","China","2020-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [2090,"Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence","https://unicri.it/sites/default/files/2020-11/AI%20MLC.pdf","Nov 19, 2020 ... UNICRI would like to receive a copy of the document in which this publication is used or quoted. EUROPOL DISCLAIMER. © European Union Agency for Law Enforcement ...","EU","2020-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [2091,"Malicious Uses and Abuses of Artificial Intelligence | Trend Micro","https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-malicious-uses-and-abuses-of-artificial-intelligence.pdf","Nov 19, 2020 ... UNICRI would like to receive a copy of the document in which this publication is used or quoted. EUROPOL DISCLAIMER. © European Union Agency for Law Enforcement ...","EU","2020-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [2092,"NOTES PROGRAMMED DEFAMATION: APPLYING § 230 OF THE ...","https://fordhamlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Bartels-November-8.pdf","Nov 19, 2020 ... from 52 percent of the U.S. ... The Federal Communications Commission's regulation of radio ... legal consequences for actively promoting misinformation, social ...","US","2020-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [2093,"FAKE NEWS AND INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS' CODES OF ...","https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7608329.pdf","Nov 17, 2020 ... For instance, when comparing the use of information in two popular cases, Wikileaks or the. Donald Trump 2016 election, there is likely to be agreement that ...","Australia","2020-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [2094,"Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of ...","https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/u5yts/download/?format=pdf","Nov 15, 2020 ... For example, China's fake news laws cast a broad definition of fake. Twitter ... Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news ...","China","2020-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2095,"Shedding light on AI - Regulating automated decision-making ...","https://5rightsfoundation.com/uploads/shedding-light-on-ai---regulating-automated-decision-making-systems-that-impact-children-1.pdf","Nov 15, 2020 ... In 2021, vaccine misinformation accounts alone were worth up to $1.1bn to ... Draft online safety legislation in the UK and the EU offers a vision of what a ...","EU","2020-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2096,"POLICY PAPER","https://www.youthforum.org/files/210127-PP-yps-A4-ENG.pdf","Nov 15, 2020 ... Implement the EU Council Conclusions on the role of young people in building a secure, cohesive and harmonious society in Europe in cooperation with youth ...","EU","2020-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2097,"Free but fake speech: When giving primacy to the source decreases ...","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/68282087/Psychology_and_Marketing_2021_Di_Domenico_Free_but_fake_speech_When_giving_primacy_to_the_source_decreases.pdf","Nov 15, 2020 ... Information & Communications Technology. Law, 28(1), 19–35. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the. 2016 election. Journal of ...","US","2020-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2098,"Information, Misinformation, and the Media Course Code : CLE9035 ...","https://www.ln.edu.hk/philoso/programme/info/4yr/CLE9035.pdf","Nov 13, 2020 ... ... legal or institutional reform is needed to ... Fake news and conspiracy theories as misinformation in an epistemic network ... china-covid-19-conspiracy-theories.","China","2020-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2099,"Programmed Defamation: Applying § 230","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5783&context=flr","Nov 13, 2020 ... from 52 percent of the U.S. ... The Federal Communications Commission's regulation of radio ... legal consequences for actively promoting misinformation, social ...","US","2020-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2100,"Misinformation and herd behavior in media markets: A cross ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5823/96890f8df12748d801f917f99e90d8ea9851.pdf","Nov 11, 2020 ... economic crises are, the more will news media compete to defend their economic positions, for instance, to advance or prevent market regulation [35, 36].","US","2020-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [2101,"Types of disinformation and misinformation","https://www.die-medienanstalten.de/fileadmin/user_upload/die_medienanstalten/Publikationen/Weitere_Veroeffentlichungen/GVK_Summary_EN_final_web.pdf","Nov 10, 2020 ... 4 Interstate Media Treaty should be complemented to obligate social networks to monitor this measure. • General fact-check institutions such as the EU East ...","EU","2020-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [2102,"On the Detection of Disinformation Campaign Activity with Network ...","https://cise.ufl.edu/~lvargas/files/papers/2020/ccsw2020.pdf","Nov 9, 2020 ... Unlike misinformation, which refers to the spread of ... nate amongst themselves to pass legislation. The ... the US Congress and UK Parliament respond to).","US","2020-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [2103,"Vaccine misinformation on social media – topic-based content and ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645515.2020.1850072","Nov 8, 2020 ... 01-. 00-0472/16] – Sentimenti (https://sentimenti.com/eu-grant/). ORCID. Krzysztof Klimiuk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2429-2867.","EU","2020-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [2104,"PANDORA WHISTLEBLOWER POLICY","https://www.pandoragroup.com/-/media/files/policies/pandora-whistleblower-guidelinenov-2020.pdf","Nov 6, 2020 ... In such cases Pandora encourages all such relevant parties to report any breach or suspected breach of any law, regulations, ethical standards, Pandora Code of ...","EU","2020-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [2105,"Health disinformation & social media: The crucial role of information ...","https://www.embopress.org/doi/pdf/10.15252/embr.202051819?download=true","Nov 6, 2020 ... This undertaking, the notorious operation INFEKTION, was ulti- mately derailed when the pandemic swept the USSR, forcing Russia to seek help from. American ...","US","2020-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [2106,"Good Intelligence Is a Key Ingredient to Good Foreign Policy","https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Chapter-19_Harman_Good-Intelligence-Is-a-Key-Ingredient.pdf","Nov 5, 2020 ... In this golden age of misinformation, our adversaries hide ... In the Foreign Intelligence. Surveillance Act (FISA) Amendments Act of 2008, we brought the ...","EU","2020-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2107,"Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic","https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/35572/1/12998_2020_Article_353.pdf","Nov 5, 2020 ... We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative ...","Australia","2020-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2108,"Misinformation, chiropractic, and the COVID-19 pandemic","https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/175208018/s12998_020_00353_2.pdf","Nov 5, 2020 ... We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative ...","Australia","2020-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2109,"Online Hate Speech and Disinformation Targeting Religious ...","https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Opening%20Remarks%20-%20GManchin.pdf","Nov 5, 2020 ... would like to thank our distinguished witnesses for joining us today to offer their ... There is no definition under international human rights law ...","US","2020-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2110,"Preparing for the Age of Deepfakes and Disinformation","https://hai.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/2020-11/HAI_Deepfakes_PolicyBrief_Nov20.pdf","Nov 4, 2020 ... enhanced disinformation. NOVEMBER. 2020. Preparing for ... capability and the law could be updated to establish ... For instance, one of us is part of a research ...","US","2020-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [2111,"Trends in combating fake news on social media – a survey","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24751839.2020.1847379","Nov 3, 2020 ... This gives us an insight into why fake news is spreading so fast, this is because fake news has no author, journalists are licensed to give news or work for a ...","US","2020-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [2112,"A Critical Analysis of Attempts to Regulate Native Advertising and ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/16123/3270","Nov 3, 2020 ... Bartholomew (2017) argues that the. American legal ... misinformation, public trust, and social responsibility” in journalism (p. ... The very existence of native ...","US","2020-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [2113,"Detecting astroturf lobbying movements","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2057047320969435","Nov 2, 2020 ... legal and is an accepted activity in democracy. Milbrath ... that took place in Australia in 2011. The idea ... bots that relay misinformation and manipulate pub-.","Australia","2020-11-02T00:00:00"],
    [2114,"Fake News and Elections in Asia","https://asiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Conference-Proceedings_Fake-News-and-Elections-in-Asia-2019.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... North Korea and China are metapolitical examples, but China is a doubling up of the ... Keywords: ​fake news, legal proceedings, legal provision, Law No.","China","2020-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2115,"Tackling threats to informed decision- making in democratic societies","https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-10/epistemic-security-report_final.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... Law enforcement work with platforms to enforce misinformation-related laws: government law enforcement works with platforms under the remit of available laws.","EU","2020-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2116,"EXAMINING THE SEC'S PROXY ADVISOR RULE","https://www.centerforcapitalmarkets.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/CCMC_RoseWalker_v5.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... ... eu/legal-content/EN/TX- · T/?uri=CELEX%3A32017L0828 ... the statute; one need only spread the misinformation adequately before beginning to solicit, and the ...","EU","2020-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2117,"POLICY BRIEF THE CYBER DIPLOMACY OF CONSTRUCTING ...","https://www.ieeiweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/T20_TF5_PB4_ok.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... The G20 should promote a new multi-stakeholder cyber diplomacy to develop alter- native approaches to reaching an agreement on behavioral norms in cyberspace.","EU","2020-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2118,"Misinformation Versus Facts About the Contributions of Richard A ...","https://parentalalienationuk.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Gardner-2002-Misinformation.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... PAS controversy (Gardner, 2002a). Misinformation: The PAS Has Not Been Recognized in Courts of. Law ... Australia, Germany, and the. United Kingdom. ... Most states ...","Australia","2020-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2119,"PUTTING POLICY INTO PRACTICE","https://www.boz.zm/june2020edition.pdf","Oct 31, 2020 ... He holds a Master's degree in. Integrated Water Management from the. University of Queensland in Australia ... He was Senior. Legal Counsel in the Legal. Services ...","Australia","2020-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [2120,"State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/nassetta_state_media_warning_labels_20201030-2.pdf","Oct 30, 2020 ... ... US election misinformation on viewer perceptions ... While the implications if election misinformation ... The majority of the video is commentary from an RT “legal ...","US","2020-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [2121,"IAB RESEARCH REPORT - The News Trust Halo: How Advertising ...","https://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IAB-Research-Report_Value-of-News_102720Final1.pdf","Oct 30, 2020 ... News consumers think that fake News and misinformation ... the average U.S. consumer. ... While consumers place considerably more trust in the News sources they use ...","US","2020-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [2122,"Public Confidence in Elections","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11527/2","Oct 29, 2020 ... operatives, in particular, used disinformation, misinformation, or similar tactics in attempts to undermine confidence in American campaigns and elections.","US","2020-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [2123,"Russian Internet Research Agency Disinformation Activities on ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120961783","Oct 28, 2020 ... (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at ... They define misinformation, disinformation, and ... law and administration. Journal of Information ...","US","2020-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [2124,"Regulation for digital transformation","https://www.itu.int/en/itunews/Documents/2020/2020-04/2020_ITUNews04-en.pdf","Oct 27, 2020 ... COVID‑19‑related misinformation and disinformation? ... Netherlands-EU collaboration on competition law ... The Digital Regulation Platform and the Digital ...","EU","2020-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [2125,"COVID‐19 and misinformation: Is censorship of social media a ...","https://www.embopress.org/doi/pdf/10.15252/embr.202051420","Oct 26, 2020 ... began to spread outside China, the Director ... current legal protections of the big tech ... society against misinformation. In this context, two areas of ...","China","2020-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [2126,"POLICYBRIEF","https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03151036/document","Oct 26, 2020 ... and its legal front organizations. In 1986, the ... It is essential to support groups and organizations that combat fake news and promote liberal democratic ...","EU","2020-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [2127,"Politics and porn: how news media characterizes problems ...","https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1351&context=fimspub","Oct 24, 2020 ... Rather, itVs all of us who are exposed to fake news and run the risk of getting riled up by garbage (Article 112, emphasis added). Throughout the articles ...","US","2020-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [2128,"COVID-19 vaccine deployment: behaviour, ethics, misinformation ...","https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/set-c/set-c-vaccine-deployment.pdf","Oct 21, 2020 ... Governments such as Singapore and China not only engaged in legal and authoritative measures to stop misinformation, but called for social support from the.","China","2020-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2129,"Combating misinformation online: Re-imagining social media for ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/225651/1/1736480804.pdf","Oct 21, 2020 ... ed and even censored by the government, in Europe the EU's Regulation on open. Internet access (Regulation (EU) 2015/2120) and net neutrality, requests that ...","EU","2020-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2130,"From trust in the system to trust in the content","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2020-4-1511.pdf","Oct 21, 2020 ... The EU member states will be obliged to implement the directive into their own national laws until 2021. Continuing Rahul Sagar's thought, and as seen in the ...","EU","2020-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2131,"White Paper: Misinformation/ Disinformation In Focus","https://www.adsfornews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Misinformation-Disinformation-In-Focus.pdf","Oct 21, 2020 ... Instead, intent with regard to disinformation vs. misinformation should be considered in the context of legal measures, outside the scope of this discussion ...","EU","2020-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2132,"educating for misunderstanding: how approaches to teaching digital ...","https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:mf412bt5333/Educating_for_Misunderstanding.pdf","Oct 21, 2020 ... As misinformation and fake news have become ... work ahead of us. College students embraced. Table ... This legislation, however, presumed we already know what to ...","US","2020-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2133,"Advertising >> State Compliance Review a Must for Online Political ...","https://www.dglaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Law360_State_Compliance_Review.pdf","Oct 20, 2020 ... U.S. presidential election, with confirmation that foreign entities had used online advertising to spread misinformation ... legislation would have extended the ...","US","2020-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [2134,"PROTECTION FROM ONLINE FALSEHOODS AND MANIPULATION ...","https://journalsonline.academypublishing.org.sg/Journals/Singapore-Academy-of-Law-Journal/e-Archive/ctl/eFirstSALPDFJournalView/mid/495/ArticleId/1615/Citation/JournalsOnlinePDF","Oct 19, 2020 ... 3 Ng Jun Sen, “Singapore's Fake News Law Kicked in on Oct 2. ... Access Blocking Orders that disabled the Facebook page of the Australia-.","Australia","2020-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [2135,"Explainable Automated Fact-Checking for Public Health Claims","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.09926","Oct 19, 2020 ... Nonetheless, like political misinformation, the public health variety is also potentially very dangerous, because it can put people in imminent danger and risk ...","Australia","2020-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [2136,"Effect of Conformity on Perceived Trustworthiness of News in Social ...","https://www.senuriwijenayake.com/papers/2020/IC2020.pdf","Oct 20, 2020 ... when less confident about their personal judgment. ... cizing it as fake news or misinformation as a “critical” ... VASSILIS KOSTAKOS is currently a Professor with ...","Australia","2020-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [2137,"Intensified Scrutiny and Bureaucratic Effort: Evidence from Policing ...","https://appam.confex.com/appam/2020/mediafile/ExtendedAbstract/Paper36132/Paper-%20Ferguson%20Effect.pdf","Oct 19, 2020 ... Additionally, any empirical design that includes large US ... Given the misinformation, there was a subsequent lack of ... “The Effect of Police Slowdowns on Crime.","US","2020-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [2138,"Analyzing Misinformation Through The Lens of Systems Thinking","https://truthandtrustonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/TTO06.pdf","Oct 17, 2020 ... Despite efforts to regulate mis- information through legislation, legal warnings to ... Systems thinking can allow us to rigorously an-.","US","2020-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [2139,"Good Practices Compendium on Combating Corruption in the ...","https://www.unodc.org/pdf/corruption/G20_Compendium_COVID-19_FINAL.pdf","Oct 16, 2020 ... China: Online law enforcement cooperation platforms should be established and used for ongoing communication, and capacity-building programmes and ...","China","2020-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [2140,"Digital Election Observation: Regulatory Challenges around Legal ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-923X.12903","Oct 16, 2020 ... for the disinformation and misinformation ... legal basis and a set of governing rules ... For example, existing. EU observation capacity would be valuable within ...","EU","2020-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [2141,"On the Misinformation Beat: Understanding the Work of Investigative ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3415204","Oct 16, 2020 ... United Kingdom, and Australia. Most were journalists working on the misinformation, disinforma- tion, or conspiracy theory beat for their respective ...","Australia","2020-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [2142,"Understanding Fake News Consumption: A Review","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0340/4e27bd97bbae010b59da4295d17717e1d1ab.pdf","Oct 16, 2020 ... The neologism is the result of technological advancement, the internet and social media. The term became popular during the 2016 US presidential election. The ...","US","2020-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [2143,"MISINFORMATION, CONSPIRACY THEORIES, AND “INFODEMICS ...","https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/111087/documents/HHRG-116-IG00-Transcript-20201015.pdf","Oct 15, 2020 ... Law enforcement are at a serious disadvantage when attempting to do their jobs amid rumors and conspiracy theories spreading like digital wildfire online. And I ...","China","2020-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2144,"Cyber-enabled foreign interference in elections and referendums","https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/2020-10/Cyber%20enabled%20foreign%20interference_0.pdf?QnX7Dz7akMiLSP5xHWYYo8ZitxOt2_i7=","Oct 15, 2020 ... Its core aim is to provide the. Australian Government with fresh ideas on Australia's defence, security and strategic policy choices. ... Law Journal, 2018, 69: ...","Australia","2020-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2145,"Protections Against Election Disinformation","https://www.lgbtmap.org/img/maps/citations-protections-against-election-disinformation.pdf","Oct 15, 2020 ... These laws generally work by imposing criminal penalties on persons who knowingly violate the disinformation prohibitions, and some states also provide private ...","US","2020-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2146,"Prevalence and credibility of nutrition and health claims: Policy ...","https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1364&context=asshpapers","Oct 13, 2020 ... The Codex guidelines and the claims regulation of the. EU were used in the credibility analysis of claims as the current national food labelling standard. (2018) ...","EU","2020-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [2147,"Disinformation in the Marketplace of Ideas","https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4227&context=faculty_scholarship","Oct 13, 2020 ... United States, 250 U.S. 616, 630 (1919). 11 GEORGE ORWELL, 1984, at 241 (1949). 12 See Tim Wu, Will Artificial Intelligence Eat the Law? The Rise of Hybrid ...","US","2020-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [2148,"GUIDANCE ON POLLING PLACE CONDUCT AND PREVENTING ...","https://www.arizona.vote/files/Voter_Intimidation_Prevention_Guide.pdf","Oct 14, 2020 ... Report any misinformation about elections to the ... act of intimidation. ... We will follow up with county election officials and federal, state, or local law.","US","2020-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [2149,"Beyond (Mis)Representation: Visuals in COVID-19 Misinformation","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1940161220964780","Oct 11, 2020 ... For example, one post includes a visual that resembles a mug shot or wanted poster of a man from China falsely accused of spreading the virus (Figure 2). The ...","China","2020-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [2150,"Exit Through the Training Data: A Look into Instance-Attribution ...","https://www.cs.uoregon.edu/Reports/AREA-202009-Brophy.pdf","Oct 11, 2020 ... ://www.privacy-regulation.eu/en/index.htm. Page 2 ... misinformation present in GPT-2 for specific topics. ... Algorithms that remember: model inversion attacks and ...","EU","2020-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [2151,"Countering Fake News: A Comparison of Possible Solutions ...","https://www.peasec.de/paper/2020/2020_KirchnerReuter_CounteringFakeNews_CSCW.pdf","Oct 10, 2020 ... Reuter et al. [49] revealed a generally broad agreement on counteractions on fake news. However, the opinion on specific strategies has not been subject to any ...","Australia","2020-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [2152,"DISRUPTING DISINFORMATION: DEEPFAKES AND THE LAW","https://nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Yamaoka-Enkerlin-Disrupting-Disinformation-22-nyujlpp-725.pdf","Oct 8, 2020 ... TIMES (May 24, 2019), https://www.nytimes.com/. 2019/05/24/us/politics/pelosi-doctored-video.html [https://perma.cc/J92X-HVD2]. Page 4. 728. LEGISLATION ...","US","2020-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [2153,"Rebuilding trust in government","https://nola.gov/nola/media/Mayor-s-Office/Project%20Why/Deloitte-Building-Greater-Trust-in-Government.pdf","Oct 8, 2020 ... misinformation, disinformation, and fake news.10 ... understand their levels of trust in the US federal ... e.g., U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Law ...","US","2020-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [2154,"GUIDELINES ON POLITICAL PARTY REGULATION SECOND ...","https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2020)032-e","Oct 7, 2020 ... level, such as European Union parties. However, as these guidelines are intended to inform national legislation, such parties are not discussed at length here.","EU","2020-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2155,"An agenda for research into online hate","https://www.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-10/policy-agenda-online-harms_final1.pdf","Oct 7, 2020 ... Understanding how hate intersects with other online harms, such as extremism and misinformation, and how it spreads across platforms, is a hard-to-study area ...","EU","2020-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2156,"Free, prior and informed consent - Addressing political realities to ...","https://ccsi.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/publications/Eng-Report-Free-prior-and-informed-consent-Addressing-political-realities-to-improve-impact.pdf","Oct 7, 2020 ... to domestic legislation and regulations to reinforce this ... Interviewees reported that misinformation publicized by the ... (Jubilee Australia Research Center,.","Australia","2020-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2157,"Election 2020: Content Moderation and Accountability","https://hai.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/2020-10/HAI_CyberPolicy_IssueBrief_3.pdf","Oct 7, 2020 ... When the European Commission approved codes of conduct regarding terrorist content and fake news and considered the possibility of legislation, the U.S.-based.","US","2020-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2158,"Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/653621/EXPO_STU(2020)653621_EN.pdf","Oct 6, 2020 ... While foreign actors feature prominently – chiefly Russia, but also China, Turkey, and other countries in and near the region – the bulk of disinformation in ...","China","2020-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [2159,"REINING IN BIG TECH'S CENSORSHIP OF CONSERVATIVES","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/legacy_files/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-06-Reining-in-Big-Techs-Censorship-of-Conservatives.pdf","Oct 6, 2020 ... (also explaining that “[t]hese moves are separate from those that block sites as required by U.S. or foreign law, such as those featuring child abuse or ...","US","2020-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [2160,"Freedom of Speech as a Right to Know","https://scholarship.law.uc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1376&context=uclr","Oct 4, 2020 ... Its basic logic lies in an Enlightenment ... through constitutional making, legislation, or judicial construction, ... countries, like the United States and China.","China","2020-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [2161,"State Laws on Election Fraud and Misrepresentation","https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/uploads/elections/2020_StateFed_Elec_Law_Poster_.pdf","Oct 4, 2020 ... State and Federal Election Law. State Laws on Election Fraud and Misrepresentation. The following offenses are Class A Misdemeanors. Persons convicted of ...","US","2020-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [2162,"Fake News, Social Media and Marketing: A Systematic Review","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/24710376/Di_Domenico_et_al_2020_AAM.pdf","Oct 4, 2020 ... Keywords: fake news; social media; systematic review; misinformation; a University of Portsmouth, Faculty of Business and Law, Richmond Building, Portsmouth,.","US","2020-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [2163,"Has POFMA been effective? A look at the fake news law, 1 year ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/cna_in-focus-has-pofma-been-effective-a-look-at-the-fake-news-law-1-year-since-it-kicked-in_031020.pdf?sfvrsn=3c9e480a_2","Oct 3, 2020 ... The first confirmed fatality outside China would only be reported on Feb 2: A 44-year-old. Wuhan man who died in the Philippines. The Singapore authorities ...","China","2020-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [2164,"Fact Sheet: Protecting Against Voter Intimidation","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2020/10/Voter-Intimidation-Fact-Sheet.pdf","Oct 3, 2020 ... Federal law prohibits voter intimidation. Multiple federal statutes make it a crime to intimidate voters: it is illegal to intimidate, threaten, or coerce a ...","US","2020-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [2165,"Academic library guides for tackling fake news_ A content analysis","https://e-tarjome.com/storage/panel/fileuploads/2020-10-03/1601733343_E15120-e-tarjome.pdf","Oct 3, 2020 ... This specification of the term fake news helps us consider its complexity. Second, by examining library guides for college students, this study attempted to ...","US","2020-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [2166,"What-The-Social-Dilemma-Gets-Wrong.pdf","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/What-The-Social-Dilemma-Gets-Wrong.pdf","Oct 2, 2020 ... We have called publicly for regulators around the world to join us in helping to get the rules of the internet right and we support regulation that can guide ...","US","2020-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [2167,"Democracy and Disinformation Seven Months into the Covid-19 ...","https://v-dem.net/media/publications/v-dem_policybrief-25_201002_v2.pdf","Oct 2, 2020 ... 46 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/14/trumps-first-indoor-rally-since-june-defies-covid-laws-attacks-biden. 47 https://www.theguardian.com/world/ ...","US","2020-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [2168,"Disinformation and Epidemics: Anticipating the Next Phase of ...","https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/hs.2020.0038","Oct 1, 2020 ... In late December 2019 and early January 2020, reports started emerging of a new coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan,. China. This outbreak of novel coronavirus ...","China","2020-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2169,"3. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY POLICY FOR INTERNET ...","https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/colloquium_papers_e/2017/chapter_3_2017_e.pdf","Oct 1, 2020 ... Executive Director of the China Technology Law Association. ... fit well into the normal regulatory system. ... internet platforms lies in their indirect network ...","China","2020-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2170,"Editorial","http://www.legalscholars.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-Reporter-Winter-2020.pdf","Oct 1, 2020 ... The academic leads of the Australian Wild Law. Judgment Project, Michelle Maloney and Nicole. Rogers, discussed their experiences and Justice. Brian Preston ...","Australia","2020-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2171,"UNLOCKING THE PROMISE OF REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE","https://www.ispor.org/docs/default-source/publications/value-outcomes-spotlight/sept-oct-2020/ispor_vos_october-2020_r20.pdf?sfvrsn=d1421a60_0","Oct 1, 2020 ... Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia ... Incentivized by market changes and legislation like the 21st ... If you don't understand what the data are telling you, ...","Australia","2020-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2172,"WeChat International Pte. Ltd. Foreign Interference through Social ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=773089c5-92bc-4d02-a418-717f2f55f48c&subId=692212","Sep 30, 2020 ... WeChat is operated by WeChat International, and is designed for users outside of mainland. China. ... remove false news, disinformation, misinformation ... a law, ...","China","2020-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [2173,"The EU's Role in Fighting Disinformation: Developing Policy ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pamment_-_Regulation.pdf","Sep 30, 2020 ... Such a community or agreement builds upon a vision of a prosperous future shared by both parties. EU accession dialogues, for example, provide public diplomacy ...","EU","2020-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [2174,"StratLearner: Learning a Strategy for Misinformation Prevention in ...","https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/b2f627fff19fda463cb386442eac2b3d-Paper.pdf","Sep 30, 2020 ... Existing works often assume that the parameters in the diffusion model are known to us, and they focus primarily on algorithmic analysis for selecting seed.","US","2020-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [2175,"How Third Person Perceptions of Fake News Discourage News ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120955173","Sep 29, 2020 ... As a type of misinformation, fake news ... Third person effects of fake news: Fake news regulation and media literacy interventions. ... https://www.politico.eu/ ...","EU","2020-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [2176,"Foreign Election Interference: Comparative Approaches to a Global ...","https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/elj.2020.0683","Sep 29, 2020 ... The use of propaganda and misinformation to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries is not new, but ... stituent nation of the UK), Australia ...","Australia","2020-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [2177,"Impeachable Speech","https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1399&context=elj","Sep 30, 2020 ... Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc., 576 U.S. 200, 206–07 ... aggrandize, to spread falsehoods and misinformation—in short, to ... American Law Schools. Annual ...","US","2020-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [2178,"StratLearner: Learning a Strategy for Misinformation Prevention in ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.14337","Sep 29, 2020 ... Existing works often assume that the parameters in the diffusion model are known to us, and they focus primarily on algorithmic analysis for selecting seed.","US","2020-09-29T00:00:00"],
    [2179,"HOW CIVIL SOCIETY CAN COMBAT MISINFORMATION AND HATE ...","https://mediamanipulation.org/sites/default/files/media-files/TSC002_HateSpeech_TS_fnl.pdf","Sep 28, 2020 ... However, in situations where disinformation has scaled from the depths of message boards and blogs to mainstream media and triggered responses from law ...","US","2020-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [2180,"Connecting Journalism and Public Policy: New Concerns and ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2020.1775104","Sep 27, 2020 ... Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the Disinformation. Age. New York: Columbia University Press. Napoli, P. M. 2001. Foundations of ...","EU","2020-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [2181,"COVID-19's (mis)information ecosystem on Twitter: How ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12905","Sep 27, 2020 ... We define conspiracy narratives as part of the overall phenomenon of misinformation on the internet. ... judgment proportional to their cognitive ability after ...","US","2020-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [2182,"Interpretative Polarization across Platforms: How Political ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120944393","Sep 27, 2020 ... domains (the shooting, the military, law enforcement/legal ... misinformation. Funding. The author(s) received no ... Transaction. Baden, C. (2015). INFOCORE ...","EU","2020-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [2183,"Harmful deepfakes and the GDPR","http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=156861","Sep 25, 2020 ... criminal law and targeted legislation in section 1.6. 11 D.K. Citron, Hate Crimes in Cyberspace (2014 Harvard University Press), p. 7-8. 12 Regulation (EU) ...","EU","2020-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [2184,"Proactive Disclosure of Information and Elections in South Africa","https://www.chr.up.ac.za/images/researchunits/dgdr/documents/reports/Proactive_Disclosure_of_Information_and_Elections_in_South_Africa.pdf","Sep 25, 2020 ... ... eu-west-1. ... 353 Election Broadcasting Regulations Regulation 7. ... The spread of misinformation, disinformation, propaganda and “fake news” on online media.","EU","2020-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [2185,"NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS, BUT “FAKE NEWS” IS BAD NEWS A ...","https://journalsonline.academypublishing.org.sg/Journals/Singapore-Academy-of-Law-Journal/e-Archive/ctl/eFirstSALPDFJournalView/mid/495/ArticleId/1619/Citation/JournalsOnlinePDF","Sep 25, 2020 ... 22 Julian Meyrick, “In a Glass Clearly: Singapore and Australia Compared”. The Conversation (26 July 2016). © 2020 Contributor(s) and Singapore Academy of Law.","Australia","2020-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [2186,"Profiling fake news spreaders: stylometry, personality, emotions and ...","https://downloads.webis.de/pan/publications/papers/fersini_2020.pdf","Sep 25, 2020 ... – Personality: the behavior of users in social media, such the posts that they create or the contents that they share, allows us to infer sensitive information ...","US","2020-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [2187,"The EU's Role in Fighting Disinformation: Crafting A Disinformation ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pamment_-_Crafting_Disinformation_1.pdf","Sep 24, 2020 ... disinformation as it is with misinformation. Still, only limited EU case law suggests that spreading disinformation breaches fundamental rights except in ...","EU","2020-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [2188,"The Right to Information in Times of Crisis:","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco_ati_iduai2020_english_sep_24.pdf","Sep 24, 2020 ... 2 The RTI Rating was prepared by the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and Access Info Europe. See: www.RTI-Rating.org. 3 International Mandates for Promoting ...","Australia","2020-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [2189,"Tackling Hate in Australia: Stocktake Report 2019-2020","https://www.cmy.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CRIS-Report-Tackling-Hate-Stocktake-Report-2019-2020_Vergani-and-Link.pdf","Sep 24, 2020 ... Different pieces of legislation protect Australians ... They suggested adding five search terms: sexism, xenophobia, misinformation, disinformation and conspiracy ...","Australia","2020-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [2190,"Cognitive Hacking as the New Disinformation Frontier","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=b454cd90-d836-43c5-af27-05fea0cf8dd1&subId=692042","Sep 22, 2020 ... China's 2017 national intelligence law directs ... In both cases, weaponized disinformation attacks were ... This information conceivably allows the app to insert ...","China","2020-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [2191,"Hate in Elections","https://lawyerscommittee.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/LC2_HATE-IN-ELECTIONS_RPT_E_HIGH-1.pdf","Sep 22, 2020 ... With the federal government's “hands off” approach, Jim Crow laws and hate-motivated violence meant to intimidate and prevent African. Americans from voting, ...","US","2020-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [2192,"Lies in the Air: Characterizing Fake-base-station Spam Ecosystem in ...","https://www.liubaojun.org/files/paper/CCS-2020A.pdf","Sep 21, 2020 ... Note that, the activities in Illegal Promotion are also a subset of Adver- tisements, but illegal according to Chinese law. In the end, our ground-truth ...","China","2020-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2193,"Acting on misinformation to prevent patient harm","https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanonc/PIIS1470-2045(20)30487-3.pdf","Sep 21, 2020 ... in the Cancer Act legislation that hold perpetrators to account. Ministers must capitalise on this opportunity to draft strong, clear, and enforceable laws.","US","2020-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2194,"Fake News Early Detection: An Interdisciplinary Study","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.11679","Sep 21, 2020 ... (1) This fake news story originally published on Ending the Fed has got ∼754,000 engagements in the final three months of the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, ...","US","2020-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2195,"Social Media Bots: Laws, Regulations, and Platform Policies","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1112566.pdf","Sep 18, 2020 ... 26, 2018, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236. 40 Ibid. 41 Ibid. 42 “Code of Practice on Disinformation,” European Commission, ...","EU","2020-09-18T00:00:00"],
    [2196,"Anger contributes to the spread of COVID-19 misinformation","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/han_emotion_misinformation_covid_19_20200917.pdf","Sep 17, 2020 ... These COVID-19 rumors came from DXY.cn, a Chinese online community for physicians and health care professionals. This site hosted a comprehensive list of rumors ...","China","2020-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [2197,"Manipulating Disclosure: Creative Compliance in the Israeli Food ...","https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2283&context=lj","Sep 17, 2020 ... regulation, this Article discusses the misinformation effect of graphic disclosure and suggests soft law tools for combating this regulatory failure, such as.","EU","2020-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [2198,"How Canada failed our health care workers and mismanaged ...","https://nursesunions.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/a_time_of_fear_possamai_final_book_digital.pdf","Sep 17, 2020 ... Health Commission of China to act on a ... misrepresentation of the Chinese experience. This ... Ontario Regulation 67/93, Regulation for. Health Care and ...","China","2020-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [2199,"THREATS AGAINST JOURNALISTS","https://www.international.gc.ca/campaign-campagne/assets/pdfs/media_freedom-liberte_presse-2020/policy_paper-documents_orientation-journalists-journalistes-en.pdf","Sep 16, 2020 ... laws are among the most common legal instruments ... while misinformation and disinformation is a real ... https://ecpr.eu/Events/PaperDetails.aspx?PaperID=41801&E.","EU","2020-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [2200,"REGULATION OF POLITICAL ADVERTISING: A COMPARATIVE ...","https://rm.coe.int/study-on-political-advertising-eng-final/1680a0c6e0","Sep 15, 2020 ... An important initiative stemming from this is the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation (the Code) established in 201814. The Code emerged as an initiative at ...","EU","2020-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2201,"European Regulatory Responses to Disinformation. Special ...","https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7596883.pdf","Sep 15, 2020 ... Critical review of the European responses from the Law, legislative initiatives (EU,. Germany, France.. ) related to Twitter or Facebook. We consider that a key ...","EU","2020-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2202,"The dark side of social media in Zimbabwe: Unpacking the legal ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311886.2020.1825058","Sep 15, 2020 ... The paper reveals that social media platforms have been used to instigate violent protests, to issue subversive statements and to spread fake news, causing fear ...","US","2020-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2203,"United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech","https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3889286/files/UN_Strategy_and_PoA_on_Hate_Speech_Guidance_on_Addressing_in_field.pdf","Sep 15, 2020 ... Disinformation, misinformation and malinforma- tion*. No legal restrictions. * Such speech is protected expression and should only be considered as hate ...","US","2020-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2204,"Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical ...","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2008595117","Sep 15, 2020 ... misinformation. misinformation | cortical reinstatement | eyewitness memory | fMRI. It is hard to imagine that our memories can deceive us. Yet when we ...","US","2020-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2205,"Misconceptions of Law and Misguided Policy","https://www.jstor.org/stable/44636250","Sep 14, 2020 ... ... China and made intervention in Angola impossible? Are plans realistic when they disregard the apprehensions of those on whose cooperation the realization of ...","China","2020-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [2206,"Six Steps to a Safe, Trusted Election","https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/prs-20-2483-mitre-election-integrity-report-september-2020.pdf","Sep 14, 2020 ... The challenges before the COVID-19 pandemic were already tough enough: Foreign cyber interference from Russia, China, and Iran. ... on misinformation and ...","China","2020-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [2207,"The Internet's Challenge to Democracy: Framing the Problem and ...","https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/contentassets/b54bf42a40e84b07b7f7e24da66062fe/attachment-documents/35.-attachment-1.pdf","Sep 14, 2020 ... It is worth remarking that, even apart from internet regulation, the United States occupies the far end of the spectrum when it comes to speech regulation. The ...","US","2020-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [2208,"Rumours and social stigma as barriers to the prevention of ...","https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:62765/datastream/PDF/view","Sep 14, 2020 ... It may be helpful to properly implement cybercrime laws or initiate cybercrime services at the government level to remove malicious content and misinformation.","Australia","2020-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [2209,"How to Counter China's Disinformation Campaign in Taiwan","https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/SE-S21/SES21-Zhang-China-Disinformation.pdf","Sep 11, 2020 ... identifying misinformation and disinformation.45 ... prevalence of disinformation from China.68. Train ... “Taiwan Passes Law Targeting Chinese Political Interfer-.","China","2020-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [2210,"Naming and Shaming China: America's Strategy of Rhetorical ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996199","Sep 11, 2020 ... The key to a successful rhetorical coercion strategy lies in both ... law, China was able to counter US claims that it had disregarded ... “White Paper on South ...","China","2020-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [2211,"Teens' Motivations to Spread Fake News on WhatsApp","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120942879","Sep 11, 2020 ... misinformation. For example, in ... ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/final ... Responding to fake news: Is there an alternative to law and regulation.","EU","2020-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [2212,"Public Perceptions of “Fake News” in the United States and Japan","https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/api-gateway/apsa/assets/orp/resource/item/5f4958cb88b9140012179334/original/public-perceptions-of-fake-news-in-the-united-states-and-japan.pdf","Sep 11, 2020 ... 95 respectively). Media Reliance in Japan. In Japan, using the Internet for election campaigns was strictly regulated until the Public. Officials Election Law ...","US","2020-09-11T00:00:00"],
    [2213,"“One Big Fake News”: Misinformation at the Intersection of User ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/16459/3454","Sep 10, 2020 ... audiences to gather and discuss the impact of misinformation and fake news on culture, ... And deliver us from segmentation. The Annals of ... media regulation.","US","2020-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [2214,"Fighting fake news in the COVID‑19 era: policy insights from an ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48743924","Sep 9, 2020 ... Corona virus (COVID-19) “Infodemic” and emerging issues through a data lens: The case of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public ...","China","2020-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [2215,"The Mortal Coil of Covid-19, Fake News, and Negative Epistemic ...","https://pure.qub.ac.uk/files/218807966/Rose_2020_Article_The_Mortal_Coil_Of_Covid_19_Fake_News.pdf","Sep 9, 2020 ... Family members are buried without funerals for fear of becoming infected (Amante et al. 2020). Quarantine laws take precedence over bereavement and grief.","US","2020-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [2216,"Myths and Misinformation.v3","https://local243.wi.aft.org/sites/default/files/myths_and_misinformation.pdf","Sep 8, 2020 ... [3] “We may have needed unions in the past, but there are laws now that protect workers.”: Most of us are aware of how the efforts of union organizers and ...","US","2020-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [2217,"On the Detection of Disinformation Campaign Activity with Network ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13466","Sep 7, 2020 ... campaign1 (e.g., China state-sponsored targeting Hong Kong). All coordination graphs and features mentioned in Section 3.2 were generated based on this ...","China","2020-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [2218,"This is a repository copy of Investigating clickbait in Chinese social ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/165584/1/Clickbait_detection_on_WeChat_final%20-%20Paul%20D%20Clough.pdf","Sep 7, 2020 ... that must also deal with misinformation, disinformation and fake news [2, 3]. ... The regulation emphasises that the producers of online information content.","China","2020-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [2219,"SemEval-2020 Task 11: Detection of Propaganda Techniques in ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02696","Sep 6, 2020 ... With the recent interest in. “fake news ... 14 Bandwagon. He tweeted, “EU no longer considers #Hamas a terrorist group. ... Michigan State Law. Review, 2009. James ...","EU","2020-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [2220,"Hoax News Study On Social Media Based On Islamic Law And Law ...","https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/lics/article/download/13742/5220","Sep 5, 2020 ... Islamic legal views on the spread of fake news / hoaxes on social media unsettling society. Islam is the last religion preached by the Prophet Muhammad and ...","Australia","2020-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [2221,"Disinformation and Science","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/656300/EPRS_STU(2020)656300_EN.pdf","Sep 4, 2020 ... In the third part, we tested the effect of the fake news by measuring the level of agreement or rejection. In the fourth part, social psychological, social and.","EU","2020-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [2222,"Addressing violations of democracy, the rule of law and fundamental ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/652070/EPRS_BRI(2020)652070_EN.pdf","Sep 3, 2020 ... It focuses in particular on possibilities for the European Parliament and national parliaments, with their dual mandate from EU citizens, to jointly strengthen ...","EU","2020-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2223,"Psychological Operations in Digital Political Campaigns: Assessing ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/vfifxqo3oraojecetuumknjx6a/access/wayback/https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/35063914/2020_Psychological_Operations.pdf","Sep 3, 2020 ... ... regulatory investigations, legal proceedings, and ... on leaving the European Union (EU). With recourse ... of digital deception (encompassing fake news, ...","EU","2020-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2224,"Psychological Operations in Digital Political Campaigns: Assessing ...","https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/35063914/2020_Psychological_Operations.pdf","Sep 3, 2020 ... in the UK and USA from public inquiries, regulatory investigations, legal proceedings, and ... of digital deception (encompassing fake news, disinformation,.","Australia","2020-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2225,"ELECTION INTEGRITY ROADMAP FOR SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS","https://accountabletech.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Election-Integrity-Roadmap-for-Social-Media-Platforms.pdf","Sep 3, 2020 ... 16Erin Simpson and Adam Conner, “Fighting Coronavirus Misinformation and Disinformation,” Center for American Progress (Aug. ... us-usa ... law or disinformation to ...","US","2020-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2226,"Tackling COVID-19 Disinformation: Internal and External ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ltwznsl3zjg5zk57ibf5h743qi/access/wayback/https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/hjd/15/4/article-p569_8.pdf","Sep 2, 2020 ... https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/ zuckerberg-appeals-for-european-leadership-on-platform-regulation/. Sylvers, Eric and Bojan Pancevski. 'Chinese ...","China","2020-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [2227,"Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent","https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Government_Misconduct_and_Convicting_the_Innocent.pdf","Sep 1, 2020 ... (ii) Other rules—including rules ... final act in the legal story of a wrongful conviction. ... problem was forensic fraud; in others there was misinformation but ...","Australia","2020-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [2228,"The Election Influence Operations Playbook","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2020-09/IO%20Playbook%202%20Part%201.pdf","Sep 1, 2020 ... Twitter Legal. BELFER CENTER COMMUNICATIONS AND ... June 2019. 12. United States of America v. ... nytimes.com/2018/11/04/us/politics/election-misinformation- ...","US","2020-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [2229,"The Rhetoric of Inaction:","https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/api-gateway/apsa/assets/orp/resource/item/5f53d50088b914001217a02d/original/the-rhetoric-of-inaction-failing-to-fail-forward-in-the-eu-s-rule-of-law-crisis.pdf","Aug 31, 2020 ... Abstract: In the European Union (EU), political crises often serve as catalysts for policymaking. Yet as an alarming breakdown of the rule of law has swept ...","EU","2020-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2230,"Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/lztmljnfunf7npo32hegy3yhxy/access/wayback/https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/37/22771.full.pdf","Aug 31, 2020 ... misinformation. misinformation | cortical reinstatement | eyewitness memory | fMRI. It is hard to imagine that our memories can deceive us. Yet when we ...","US","2020-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [2231,"Investigating Differences in Crowdsourced News Credibility ...","https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~axz/papers/credco_cscw.pdf","Aug 28, 2020 ... alignment with expert judgment ... Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. ... Fighting misinformation on social media using ...","US","2020-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [2232,"“The First Amendment and Censorship”","https://www.philosophersinamerica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SOPHIA-First-Amendment.pdf","Aug 28, 2020 ... The Supreme Court has ruled about various types of media and its legal ... U.S. tries to cope ... How much evidence would you require to demonstrate that they ...","US","2020-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [2233,"China's propaganda and disinformation campaigns in Central Europe","https://mapinfluence.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Mapinfluence_BRIEFING-PAPER_chinas-propaganda_A4_interaktivni_EN_01-1.pdf","Aug 27, 2020 ... impose security legislation on Hong Kong.9. Second, Slovakia, like virtually every other country, had to deal with the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic ...","China","2020-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2234,"Anger makes fake news viral online arXiv:2004.10399v3 [cs.SI] 27 ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.10399","Aug 27, 2020 ... Specifically, all users have to provide their IDs dur- ing registration because of the real-name certification regulation in China. Besides, influential.","China","2020-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2235,"AUDIT OF NASA'S POLICY AND PRACTICES REGARDING THE ...","https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-20-021.pdf","Aug 27, 2020 ... in China. Federal law defines these risks as adversary sabotaging and maliciously introducing unwanted functions to surveil, deny, disrupt, or otherwise ...","China","2020-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2236,"Fighting Disinformation in Georgia","https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/dezinpormaciis_cinaagmdeg_brzola_sakartveloshi-e-web.pdf","Aug 27, 2020 ... regulation that will challenge the robust legal ... supporting disinformation and misinformation ... The other important outcome in 2018 was the EU Action Plan ...","EU","2020-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2237,"Anti-vaccine movements – health care, ignorance or a diversion ...","https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-126014-60396?filename=Anti_vaccine%20movements%20_.pdf","Aug 26, 2020 ... Additional sources of information were legal acts in force in Poland and the EU, Reports of the European Commission and official documents published by the ...","EU","2020-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [2238,"Social Media Regulation: Models and Proposals","https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/5f474c8a3fcb0.pdf","Aug 26, 2020 ... ... EU aim simply at reducing the regulatory burdens in the EU legislation. ... Terrorism, disinformation, and hateful speech can ... This means that legal regulation ...","EU","2020-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [2239,"Government Information Crackdowns in the Covid-19 Pandemic","https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=research","Aug 25, 2020 ... ... china-disinformation.html​. 2 Jane Lytvynenko ... Misinformation and disinformation claiming ... For one, India has mainly relied on existing legislation to act.","China","2020-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [2240,"A Companion to Democracy #3 - Misinformation, Disinformation ...","https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/2020-08/200825_E-Paper3_ENG.pdf","Aug 25, 2020 ... China, Iran, and even Montenegro].5 In addition ... disorder – either on fake news (misinformation, disinformation, and/or malinformation) ... “Fake News: A Legal ...","China","2020-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [2241,"THE MANIPULATED CONSUMER, THE VULNERABLE CITIZEN","https://www.beuc.eu/sites/default/files/publications/beuc-x-2020-075_the_manipulated_consumer_the_vulnerable_citizen.pdf","Aug 26, 2020 ... Aligning with already existing forms of distortion affecting the public debate, tidal waves of disinformation and misinformation, in part instigated by non-EU.","EU","2020-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [2242,"FAKE NEWS","https://www.isis.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FAKE-NEWS_REV.pdf","Aug 25, 2020 ... Most importantly, it must be acknowledged that this legislation will not be the silver bullet in the fight against false information, but rather a complementary ...","US","2020-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [2243,"Policy Brief","https://www.jiia-jic.jp/en/policybrief/pdf/PolicyBrief_Chansoria_200824.pdf","Aug 24, 2020 ... to the Japanese government, the Nippon. Foundation, in collaboration with the United. Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the. Law of the Sea (DOALOS) ...","China","2020-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [2244,"Artificial Intelligence and New Level of Fake News","https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012006/pdf","Aug 23, 2020 ... In the questionnaire also includes questions about the need for law about the usage of AI, every participants agree if that kinda stuff is needed in this ...","US","2020-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [2245,"Corrections of political misinformation: No evidence for an effect of ...","https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/files/105215828/Ecker.2020.PTRSB_pp.pdf","Aug 22, 2020 ... Western Australia (M304), 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth WA 6009, Australia; ... misinformation came from (also see ... regulation and scrutiny). Be that as it may, we ...","Australia","2020-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [2246,"Knowing what's (far) right","https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/groups/compendium/c-rex-compendium-print-version.pdf","Aug 21, 2020 ... law, legislation should not provide special protection for certain groups. ... against-jews-eu-member-states-0_en.pdf; European Union Agency for Fundamental.","EU","2020-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [2247,"Investigating Differences in Crowdsourced News Credibility ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09533","Aug 21, 2020 ... alignment with expert judgment ... Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. ... Fighting misinformation on social media using ...","US","2020-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [2248,"Can WhatsApp benefit from debunked fact-checked stories to ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/WhatsApp_India_Brazil_Copyedited.pdf","Aug 20, 2020 ... ... law enforcement on platforms like. WhatsApp ... After matching the occurrences of misinformation ... www.politico.eu/article/the-coronavirus-covid19-fake-news- ...","EU","2020-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [2249,"Epistemic responsibility in the face of a pandemic","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0512e56b-5fa5-448f-b862-a6b41c2f3d39/files/rcj82k737t","Aug 20, 2020 ... Law School, Oxford University Press, and Stanford Law School. ... 15 Graphs and Maps from EUROMOMO, https://euromomo.eu ... misinformation. Misinformation about ...","EU","2020-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [2250,"An experimental investigation of the misinformation effect in crime ...","https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/580735","Aug 20, 2020 ... To us, understanding possible interplays between lying and misinformation would be important from a legal point of view, wherein defendants' memory reports ...","US","2020-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [2251,"KOSOVO DISINFORMATION ALERTS","https://www.kipred.org/repository/docs/D_-_Alert_Serbian_Media_-_Gusht_2020_AD_620224.pdf","Aug 18, 2020 ... misinformation targeting Kosovo, ... sve znao visoki diplomata EU? (Secret document ... renowned organizations such as “Humanitarian Law Center” and “Human Rights ...","EU","2020-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [2252,"STANDARD II: ETHICS AND INTEGRITY","https://www.wcupa.edu/_admin/provost/documents/Standard%20II%20Draft%20June%202020.pdf","Aug 18, 2020 ... Appendix X provides information about these protocols/procedures for all of WCU's unions, which are governed by state and federal labor law. All employment ...","US","2020-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [2253,"On the Misinformation Beat: Understanding the Work of Investigative ...","https://faculty.washington.edu/kstarbi/AuthorVersion_McClureHaughey_Starbird_CSCW2020_On_the_Misinformation_Beat.pdf","Aug 17, 2020 ... We interviewed twelve participants from news media organizations in the United States, Canada,. United Kingdom, and Australia. Most were journalists working on ...","Australia","2020-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [2254,"Lies, Gaslighting and Propaganda","https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4883&context=buffalolawreview","Aug 15, 2020 ... Finally, I am indebted to Earl Austin Voss for his research assistance. All errors are my own. 1037. Page 3. 1038. BUFFALO LAW REVIEW.","China","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2255,"A NEW DISINFORMATION THREAT?","https://democracyreporting.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/images/20842020-09-01-DRI-deepfake-publication-no-1.pdf","Aug 15, 2020 ... The EU has several opportunities to act by supporting the recommendations by NATO StratCom and taking further action in the upcoming Digital Services Act ...","EU","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2256,"COUNTERING ONLINE MISINFORMATION RESOURCE PACK","https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/13636/file","Aug 15, 2020 ... to violence), which are subject to regulatory remedies under EU or national laws. Nor does it cover other forms of deliberate but not misleading distortions ...","EU","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2257,"Tackling threats to informed decision-making in democratic societies ...","https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/files/35711912/Kerigan_Kyrou_TacklingThreads_Published_2020.pdf","Aug 15, 2020 ... Novel regulation: across the world, governments are responding to misinformation through legislation, regulations and task forces (Funke & Famini 2018). For ...","EU","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2258,"Exposing false advertising","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/242039/1/CAJE_CAJE12457.pdf","Aug 15, 2020 ... In equilibrium, neglecting law enforcement costs, consumers always prefer the party with the greater incentives to ask for verification (the more aggressive ...","EU","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2259,"Using Canadian Law to Prevent, Respond to and Remedy ...","https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102&context=llm_theses","Aug 15, 2020 ... Sport Australia, the Australian Human Rights Commission, government departments of sport ... misinformation and disbelief surrounding the ... “Focus: New Law Brings ...","Australia","2020-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2260,"Enduring Information Vigilance: Government after COVID-19","https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2671&context=parameters","Aug 14, 2020 ... and legal debates about issues of strategic interest to China, including ... disinformation. Page ... Chinese language Twitter users to post pro-CCP misinformation.","China","2020-08-14T00:00:00"],
    [2261,"Emotion Cognizance Improves Health Fake News Identification","https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/214395437/Emotion_Cognizance_Improves_Health_Fake_News_Identification_FinalVersion.pdf","Aug 14, 2020 ... ... laws. If you discover content in the. Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact openaccess@qub.ac.uk. Open ...","China","2020-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [2262,"Lobbying Regulation in Canada and the United States: - Political ...","https://dam-oclc.bac-lac.gc.ca/download?is_thesis=1&oclc_number=1294012269&id=3ba32512-6b65-44cf-aa95-9c625af4fda8&fileName=Gold_Daniel_2020_thesis.pdf","Aug 13, 2020 ... ... Law. Graduate Studies in Law. Common Law Section. Faculty of Law ... misinformation campaigns have successfully ... E.U. It outlines the relevant political ...","EU","2020-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [2263,"Political Misinformation","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/37a1/79f06cebfa4a0e0299218984bf680f383c02.pdf","Aug 13, 2020 ... One of the items asks whether the law “requires companies that make drugs to pay new fees to the federal government each year,” while another inquires if the ...","US","2020-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [2264,"How weaponizing disinformation can bring down a city's power grid","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236517&type=printable","Aug 12, 2020 ... Editor: Qi Jiang, Xidian University, CHINA ... For instance, after the fake notifications are sent out and before a blackout happens, law enforcement and other ...","China","2020-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [2265,"Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative ...","https://flore.unifi.it/retrieve/handle/2158/1204573/506478/ijerph-17-05850.pdf","Aug 12, 2020 ... Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. In Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1975. 54 ...","EU","2020-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [2266,"Policy","https://antisemitism.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Online-Harms-Offline-Harms-August-2020-V4.pdf","Aug 12, 2020 ... 13 https://hackinghate.eu ... Legal harms can include discrimination. The ... well as misinformation and disinformation, can lead to serious offline consequences.","EU","2020-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [2267,"Mapping the Scholarship of Fake News Research: A Systematic ...","https://www.aaup.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Mapping%20the%20Scholarship%20of%20Fake%20News%20Research%20A%20Systematic%20Review.pdf","Aug 11, 2020 ... It is a question that centrally involves both law and ethics and there are no conclusive ... (1995) explored misinformation and disinformation through an ...","Australia","2020-08-11T00:00:00"],
    [2268,"Can We Spot the\" Fake News\" Before It Was Even Written?","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.04374","Aug 10, 2020 ... nomic, legal, cultural identity, quality of life, etc.), ... misinformation and fact-checking: Evidence from user ... HLT '18, Melbourne, Australia (2018). 62 ...","Australia","2020-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [2269,"August 2020 Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior Report","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/August-2020-CIB-Report.pdf","Aug 9, 2020 ... We have shared information about our findings with law enforcement, policymakers and industry partners. Since 2017, we have removed over 100 networks ...","China","2020-08-09T00:00:00"],
    [2270,"Fool me twice: how effective is debriefing in false memory studies ...","https://bpb-us-e2.wpmucdn.com/faculty.sites.uci.edu/dist/c/571/files/2022/08/Murphy_DebriefingPaper_Memory2020print.pdf","Aug 7, 2020 ... the study. This again demonstrates that false memories are likely to form in line with existing beliefs. Though research has shown that misinformation can be.","US","2020-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [2271,"FakeNewsNet: A Data Repository with News Content, Social ...","http://www.cs.iit.edu/~kshu/files/FakeNewsNet_big_data.pdf","Aug 7, 2020 ... It is also reported that fake news has an influence on the 2016 US presidential elections3. Finally, fake news may cause significant effects on real-world ...","US","2020-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [2272,"Disinformation as a wicked problem: Why we need co-regulatory ...","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/montgomery_disinformation-regulation_pdf.pdf","Aug 6, 2020 ... The most effective strategy to manage wicked problems is co-regulation, a multi-stakeholder approach that requires governments and platforms to increase.","China","2020-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [2273,"Can WhatsApp Benefit from Debunked Fact-Checked Stories to ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02471","Aug 6, 2020 ... europe edition. www.politico.eu/article/ the-coronavirus-covid19-fake-news-pandemic-sweeping-whatsapp-misinformation/. Farid, H. (2018). Reining in online ...","EU","2020-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [2274,"Evidence and education in a post-truth and post-COVID world","https://www.royalsoc.org.au/images/pdf/journal/153-1-Schmidt.pdf","Aug 6, 2020 ... misinformation. But in the same vein, Australia has largely listened to its health experts, and we find ourselves in a state that is much better than most ...","Australia","2020-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [2275,"Governing AI: Understanding the Limits, Possibility, and Risks of AI ...","https://brie.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/governing_ai_wp5_99.pdf","Aug 5, 2020 ... Indeed, more likely than agreement on global governance, there will be intense cyber rivalries that risk splintering the digital world into two (West vs. China) ...","China","2020-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [2276,"Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem | US ...","https://www.state.gov/external-content/pillars-of-russias-disinformation-and-propaganda-ecosystem/","Aug 5, 2020 ... Its large roster of fringe authors and conspiracy theorists serves as a talent pool for Russian and Chinese websites. Its publications also provide a Western.","China","2020-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [2277,"Misinformation Mayhem: Social Media Platforms' Efforts to Combat ...","https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2758&context=faculty_publications","Aug 5, 2020 ... the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation ... effectively addressed via regulation or legislation ... Twitter's rules regarding medical misinformation,248 it did so ...","EU","2020-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [2278,"The analysis of narratives and disinformation in the global ...","https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/79014/1/The_analysis_of_narratives_and_disinformation_in_the_global_information_environment_amid_covid_19_pandemic.pdf","Aug 2, 2020 ... China has a unique political war model, which has been called the \"three wars\" concept, in which the psychological field is one of the foundations of its ...","China","2020-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [2279,"Categories, Balancing, and Fake News:","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2E59476A844C2245CCD4EA506C06847A/S0841820920000053a.pdf/categories_balancing_and_fake_news_the_jurisprudence_of_the_european_court_of_human_rights.pdf","Aug 2, 2020 ... Daniel Mandrescu, “Applying (EU) Competition Law to Online Platforms: Reflections on the. Definition of the Relevant Market(s)” (2018) 41(3) World Competition ...","EU","2020-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [2280,"Categories, Balancing, and Fake News:","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/caljp33&section=24","Aug 2, 2020 ... Categorical Approach to Protecting Speech in American Constitutional Law\" (2009) 84(3) id LJ 917; Elizabeth Zoller, \"The United States Supreme Court and the ...","US","2020-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [2281,"Deradicalisation as Counterterrorism Strategy: The Experience of ...","https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ORF_OccasionalPaper_262_Deradicalisation.pdf","Aug 1, 2020 ... of Business” rules, giving it constitutional and legal teeth. One of the ... disinformation on the rise. ... https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/foresight/topic/ ...","EU","2020-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [2282,"INFORMATION WARFARE AND THE FUTURE OF CONFLICT","https://threatcasting.asu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-07/threatcasting-2020-The%20Future%20of%20Information%20Warfare-WEB_0.pdf","Jul 31, 2020 ... 1 Government Regulation Restricting Tech to China ... china stalling election through misinformation ... Gain access to Chinese built networks both inside China and ...","China","2020-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [2283,"Fighting the 'Infodemic': Legal Responses to COVID-19 Disinformation","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305120948190","Jul 31, 2020 ... ... disinformation (e.g., EU, UK); and (c) criminalizing malicious coronavirus falsehood, including in relation to public health measures. This article explores.","EU","2020-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [2284,"Q&As: Draft news media and digital platforms mandatory bargaining ...","https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/DPB%20-%20Draft%20news%20media%20and%20digital%20platforms%20mandatory%20bargaining%20code%20Q%26As.pdf","Jul 31, 2020 ... • They operate primarily in Australia for the purpose of serving Australian ... misinformation about COVID ... Consumer Law. The fact that the maximum penalties ...","Australia","2020-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [2285,"VIDEO WEB DRAMA SERIES FOR COMBATING DISINFORMATION ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/58d4/67c1dc2040191857cc7197c5f0475f8906d9.pdf","Jul 31, 2020 ... Countries like France and Australia decide to exert anti hoax articles in election regulation. Whereas Ireland resolves the problem by imposing anti-defamation ...","Australia","2020-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [2286,"COMBATING ELECTION MISINFORMATION","https://www.techandciviclife.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Combating-Election-Misinformation-participant-guide.pdf","Jul 30, 2020 ... ▫ Nation-state actors (Russia, Iran, China, etc.) ... https://www.law.uci.edu/faculty/full-time/hasen ... disinformation and misinformation attacks from days to ...","China","2020-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [2287,"Hacking democracy: managing influence campaigns and ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23738871.2020.1820060","Jul 29, 2020 ... This is because EU-wide regulations - backed by the ... EU vs Disinformation. Accessed 24 August 2020 ... disinformation-and-the-challenges- · of-regulation/. Gorwa ...","EU","2020-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2288,"Private regulation, public policy, and the perils of adverse ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/230175/1/rego.12354.pdf","Jul 30, 2020 ... These have roots in studies of the European Union as a decentralized experimentalist decisionmaking architecture that emerges from practice rather than from for ...","EU","2020-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2289,"Where We Go From Here: Health Misinformation on Social Media","https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305905","Jul 29, 2020 ... This knowledge would help us identify critical platform, content, and network characteristics that enable or im- pede the dissemination of misinformation.","US","2020-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2290,"SOCIAL MEDIA POLICY","https://www.millicom.com/media/4338/millicom-social-media-policy_final_121820.pdf","Jul 29, 2020 ... This policy is not intended to restrict or interfere with any applicable laws, including but not limited to employees' federal or state labor law rights, ...","US","2020-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2291,"SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS AND THE FIGHTING OF CORRUPTION ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/655187/IPOL_STU(2020)655187_EN.pdf","Jul 28, 2020 ... ... legislation in the EU legislative framework.411 ... It is concerning when disinformation laws trigger ... that responsible reporting is “the best antidote against ...","EU","2020-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [2292,"Combating Misinformation in Bangladesh: Roles and ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.12841","Jul 28, 2020 ... Combating Online Misinformation in Bangladesh. 130:25. [39] Emma Woollacott. 2018. Bangladeshi Digital Security Act Draws Fire From EU. Retrieved September 18 ...","EU","2020-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [2293,"Countering Disinformation: Are We Our Own Worst Enemy?","https://cyberdefensereview.army.mil/Portals/6/Documents/CDR%20Journal%20Articles/Jackson_Lieber_CDR%20V5N2%20Summer%202020.pdf","Jul 28, 2020 ... Colonel (USA) Michael Jackson. Paul Lieber, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION. In his 2019 book, Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle Against Disinforma-.","US","2020-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [2294,"RIGHT TO INFORMATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE","https://ceerapub.nls.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RTI-BOOK.pdf","Jul 25, 2020 ... ... Law School of India University. Nagarbhavi, P O ... EU Court of Justice. 107. European Commission. 272 ... misinformation and non- information will equally create ...","EU","2020-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [2295,"Can The Crowd Identify Misinformation Objectively? The Effects of ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3397271.3401112","Jul 25, 2020 ... Brisbane, Australia. Damiano Spina damiano.spina ... expert judgment set per dataset), and three different judgment scales ... misinformation online. The dataset ...","Australia","2020-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [2296,"COVID-19, fake news, and the sleep of communicative reason ...","https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/d6ZXNpddtmjgNjRtKMDY4bR/?format=pdf&lang=en","Jul 25, 2020 ... Francisco Goya appeared to want to graphically explain his judgment of Spanish society in his time, ... misinformation on the novel coronavirus than on political ...","Australia","2020-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [2297,"Anti-Harassment Policy","https://www.dwt.com/-/media/files/policyagainstharassmentdiscrimination.pdf","Jul 25, 2020 ... or federal law can include, but are not limited to: ... None of us should tolerate inappropriate behavior. If you ... ▫ Spreading misinformation or malicious ...","US","2020-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [2298,"EXAMPLES OF AI NATIONAL POLICIES","https://www.mcit.gov.sa/sites/default/files/examples-of-ai-national-policies.pdf","Jul 24, 2020 ... The Guidance will serve as input for a possible legal framework on AI. European Union – White Paper on AI: A European approach to excellence and trust. The ...","EU","2020-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [2299,"As journalists and believers in the First Amendment, we know the ...","https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/letter-from-wsj-news-staff-to-publisher-almar-latour/ea78fefb574b76a6/full.pdf","Jul 24, 2020 ... many of us have heard sources and readerscomplain ... raise Opinion's standards so that misinformation ... Instead,it gives401(k)plans that choose to offer ...","US","2020-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [2300,"Disclosure and communication policy","https://investorrelations.ai-media.tv/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/mrqjYcygOECjoe_EOH9sjg/docs/governance/Disclosure-and-Communications-Policy.pdf","Jul 23, 2020 ... These obligations have the force of law under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) ... misinformation in the market. In the ... The company will seek to incorporate the ...","Australia","2020-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [2301,"Assessing the Credibility and Authenticity of Social Media Content ...","https://www.jmir.org/2020/7/e17296/PDF","Jul 23, 2020 ... The source credibility model suggests that a credibility judgment is determined based on the source's (eg, a celebrity's) expertise, trustworthiness, and ...","Australia","2020-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [2302,"Information literacy and fake news_ How the field of librarianship ...","https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13770/1/1-s2.0-S0099133320301099-main.pdf","Jul 23, 2020 ... Papers that solely discussed fake news in a political context were excluded, mainly those which centred on an in- depth analysis of the U.S Presidential ...","US","2020-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [2303,"Inauthenticity and Coordinated Replying in Pro-Chinese Communist ...","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ISDG-proCCP.pdf","Jul 22, 2020 ... 5 BBC News, China and Twitter: The year China ... praise or in agreement with statements they had ... ” In Proceedings ACM WSDM, Workshop on Misinformation and ...","China","2020-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2304,"Offensive communications: exploring the challenges involved in ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/xl5mhnmuwnedxm2pqpsy7ltf2a/access/wayback/https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/163741691/Offensive_communications_Exploring_the_challenges_involved_in_policing_social_media_Williams.pdf","Jul 23, 2020 ... The voluntary Code of Conduct agreed between the major social media companies, the EU and member states' hate speech legislation reflects the same approach.","EU","2020-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2305,"The New Big Brother: China and Digital Authoritarianism","https://www.foreign.senate.gov/download/2020-sfrc-minority-report_-the-new-big-brother---china-and-digital-authoritarianism?download=1","Jul 21, 2020 ... This section recommends legislation that establishes a public-private consortium aimed at creating a United. States 5G alternative to Chinese technologies, ...","China","2020-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [2306,"POLICY PAPER","https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/documents/issue_brief_cross-border_human_mobility.pdf","Jul 21, 2020 ... Integrated Border Management, an EU concept, consists of a number of different components, ... In the short and medium term, given abundant misinformation about ...","EU","2020-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [2307,"FRAUDULENT ADVERTISING ONLINE","https://www.tracit.org/uploads/1/0/2/2/102238034/tracit_fraudulentadvertisingonline_july21_2020_final.pdf","Jul 21, 2020 ... Legal manufacturers abide by regulations and ... masks-coronavirus-vaccines-misinformation-content-.","EU","2020-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [2308,"Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/Combatting%20Chinese%20Propaganda%20and%20Disinformation%20-%20Huang.pdf","Jul 20, 2020 ... ... Law: to deter Chinese interference in the ... breaks local laws, and downgrade fake news, and Facebook actively did all three during ... Cole, J Michael, \"China ...","China","2020-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [2309,"The Importance of Countering Biosimilar Disparagement and ...","https://d-nb.info/1218349816/34","Jul 20, 2020 ... This is not a US-specific concern, as biosimilar disparagement and misinformation may also be encountered in Europe ... The law and ethics of switching from bio-.","EU","2020-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [2310,"Fraud Prevention & Resource Guide","https://ag.hawaii.gov/cpja/files/2020/07/HI_Fraud_Guide_v3_interactive.pdf","Jul 19, 2020 ... United States law prohibits mailing payments to purchase any ticket, share, or chance in a foreign lottery. • Foreign lottery solicitations sent to addresses in ...","US","2020-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [2311,"READING REFERENCES DISINFORMATION AND COVID-19","https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/45180/reading-list-covid-19-disinformation-20200717.pdf","Jul 17, 2020 ... disinformation and misinformation. It is ... Disinformation from China and Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic ... disinformation and support for the rule of law.\".","China","2020-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [2312,"A Survey of Fake News: Fundamental Theories, Detection Methods ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.00315","Jul 17, 2020 ... 2017]. It addresses the public's perception of fake news, especially following the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Note that deceptive news is more harmful and ...","US","2020-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [2313,"Information Note - Internet freedom and regulation in selected places","https://www.legco.gov.hk/research-publications/english/1920in17-internet-freedom-and-regulation-in-selected-places-20200716-e.pdf","Jul 16, 2020 ... China (Includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet). In the section on Hong Kong, the report has consistently stated that the Hong Kong Government did not restrict or ...","China","2020-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [2314,"Rethink Data","https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/rethink-data/files/Rethink_Data_Report_2020.pdf","Jul 16, 2020 ... China is a growing economy strongly driven by government and legislation, as opposed to many Western economies. AI is a huge initiative in China, partly because ...","China","2020-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [2315,"Preventing and Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Public Sector ...","https://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/Publications/2020/Preventing-and-Managing-Conflicts-of-Interest-in-the-Public-Sector-Good-Practices-Guide.pdf","Jul 15, 2020 ... Source: OECD (2018), 2018 Product Market Regulation Indicators. Note: Information on China, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Russia and United States is not ...","China","2020-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2316,"Balancing Act: Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting ...","https://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/working-groups/ExecSum_FoE_disinfo_report.pdf","Jul 15, 2020 ... EU Disinfo Lab, Belgium. Diana Maynard. University of Sheffield, UK. Published in 2020 by International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Place des Nations,. CH ...","EU","2020-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2317,"ASSESSING THE THREAT FROM ACCELERATIONISTS AND ...","https://www.congress.gov/116/chrg/CHRG-116hhrg43866/CHRG-116hhrg43866.pdf","Jul 16, 2020 ... er the courage to act, law enforcement officials and law-abiding. Americans will die. So, now, when and if that happens, we have no excuse. So I sincerely ...","Australia","2020-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2318,"An International Attribution Mechanism for Hostile Cyber Operations","https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2922&context=ils","Jul 14, 2020 ... practices of the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion (NATO). This process enabled us to identify certain contexts in which an ...","EU","2020-07-14T00:00:00"],
    [2319,"READING REFERENCES SOVIET AND RUSSIAN DISINFORMATION","https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/45008/reading-list-soviet-and-russian-disinformation-final-1pdf.pdf","Jul 13, 2020 ... \"This book is the first full-spectrum analysis of Russian and. European norms of political action, ranging from international law, ethics, and strategy, to the ...","China","2020-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [2320,"Toward the Democratic Regulation of AI Systems: A Prolegomenon","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2205&context=public_law_and_legal_theory","Jul 14, 2020 ... Mozur, Inside China's Dystopian Dreams: A.I., Shame, and Lots of Cameras, N.Y. ... lies.”76 If AI systems are especially good as ... legal sanction as a matter of ...","China","2020-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [2321,"An international attribution mechanism for hostile cyber operations","https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/91877/1/An%20International%20Attribution%20Mechanism.pdf","Jul 14, 2020 ... practices of the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion (NATO). This process enabled us to identify certain contexts in which an ...","EU","2020-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [2322,"Combating Disinformation in a Social Media Age","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07388","Jul 14, 2020 ... Political disinformation is a major activity area for bots. During the US presidential elec- tion in 2016, bots produced 1.7 billion tweets and successfully ...","US","2020-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [2323,"The Ethics of Fake News","https://www.fitchburgstate.edu/media/7250","Jul 12, 2020 ... President Donald J. Trump popularized the term “Fake. News” during the 2016 U.S. election. Although this term is now used frequently by politicians and the ...","US","2020-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [2324,"WHAT MAKES REGULATING DISINFORMATION SO DIFFICULT?","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/utahlr2020&section=28","Jul 12, 2020 ... Since the 2016 U.S. elections, online disinformation has joined hate speech, ... anti-misinformation-law-to-court/ [https://perma ... 9 § 60. 934. [NO. 4. Page 19 ...","US","2020-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [2325,"Fighting Disaster Misinformation in Latin America: The# 19S ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.05848","Jul 11, 2020 ... ... regulation does not happen at the pace needed for supporting logistic efforts during a crisis [80]. Past work [33,73] has identified that ensuring that the ...","US","2020-07-11T00:00:00"],
    [2326,"Advertising Ethical Case Study","https://ethics.journalism.wisc.edu/files/2020/07/11-Advertising-Case-Study-Freeman.pdf","Jul 11, 2020 ... as a major fast food chain in the Western U.S., and with the amount ... judgment and tell them it's wrong. Besides, not ... of the United States. Due to some of ...","US","2020-07-11T00:00:00"],
    [2327,"Telling China's Story: The Chinese Communist Party's Campaign to ...","https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/sio-china_story_white_paper-final.pdf","Jul 10, 2020 ... This trio, comprising China National Radio, China Radio International, and China Central ... treaty, such as China,. Taiwan, and Macau.73 ... chinese-misinformation ...","China","2020-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [2328,"IS FAKE NEWS SPREADING MORE RAPIDLY THAN COVID-19 IN ...","https://www.amity.edu/gwalior/jccc/pdf/june_15.pdf","Jul 10, 2020 ... The study arrived at a conclusion stating that self-regulation may not deliver a proper effect on controlling the spread of fake news. But, organising effective ...","China","2020-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [2329,"Misinformed, mismatched or misled? Explaining the gap between ...","https://conference.iza.org/conference_files/worldbank_2020/jones_s27889.pdf","Jul 10, 2020 ... Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases: The. Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, p. 334–347. Cambridge University Press. Avitabile, C. and De Hoyos, R. (2018) ...","China","2020-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [2330,"Facebook 'Regulation': a process not a text1","https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133226/1/CREATe%20Text.pdf","Jul 10, 2020 ... For the UK, these issues matter not least because the process of leaving the European Union raises significant questions of regulatory alignment and trade ...","EU","2020-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [2331,"Fake News and Racism in the Wild West of Newspaper comment ...","https://hackinginquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Fake-News-and-Racism-in-the-Wild-West-of-newspaper-comment-sections.pdf","Jul 9, 2020 ... The Government has plans for a new system of regulation ... China close all global boarders from China to other countries. ... blatant racism, abuse or ...","China","2020-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [2332,"The Impact of Fake News on the Society Steph Brianna","http://www.inosr.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/INOSR-HSS-61-21-26-2020..pdf","Jul 8, 2020 ... Given all this bad press, it is perhaps little wonder that fake news has become a major preoccupation for international organisations, national law- and policy-.","Australia","2020-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [2333,"July 2020 Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior Report","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/July-2020-CIB-Report.pdf","Jul 8, 2020 ... technology, hiring more people and working closely with law ... Australia, New Zealand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong ... ​ Some of the content posted by this network had ...","Australia","2020-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [2334,"Information Manipulations Around Covid-19: France Under Attack","https://www.institutmontaigne.org/ressources/pdfs/publications/information-manipulations-around-covid-19-france-under-attack-policy-paper_0.pdf","Jul 7, 2020 ... These messages are representative of wor- ldviews and are not necessarily disinformation content. For example, they include the argument that China saved Europe ...","China","2020-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2335,"The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/s7xqxf2zhzco5i73nbaoa6daai/access/wayback/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773888?needAccess=true","Jul 7, 2020 ... from the High Level Expert Group on Misinformation (High Level Group on Fake News ... Media Regulation in the Disinformation Age. New ... “The Post-Editorial ...","EU","2020-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2336,"Misinformation and News Quality on Digital Platforms","https://www.squirepattonboggs.com/-/media/files/insights/publications/2020/07/misinformation-and-news-quality-on-digital-platforms/misinformation-and-news-quality-on-digital-platforms.pdf?rev=3265314dd03d45a7b188b53e2233d7bd","Jul 7, 2020 ... ... misinformation ('fake news ... monthly active users in Australia. The position ... The contents of this update are not intended to serve as legal advice related to ...","Australia","2020-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2337,"Government Response to the Intelligence and Security Committee of ...","https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/HMG_Russia_Response_web_accessible.pdf","Jul 6, 2020 ... This work has included China ... COVID-19 disinformation (and misinformation; i.e. the inadvertent sharing of false information) has ... Speech to introduce ...","China","2020-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [2338,"COVID-19-related Fake News in Social Media","https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.20147066v1.full.pdf","Jul 7, 2020 ... “China coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” “2019-nCOV,” and ... Their observation states that the country's strict law (i.e. imprisonment) against fake news production and.","China","2020-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [2339,"“Fake News” Legislation in Thailand: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly","https://www.athensjournals.gr/law/2020-6-3-3-Smith.pdf","Jul 6, 2020 ... NSW, Australia. E-mail: mark.perry@une.edu.au. 1This research is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP). Scholarship. 2E.g ...","Australia","2020-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [2340,"Theorizing News Literacy Behaviors","https://dispatch-cdn.its.uiowa.edu/clas.sjmc/client/vraga_et_al_2020_theorizing_news_literacy_behaviors.pdf","Jul 6, 2020 ... In doing so, we better position NL research to address current challenges, including the crisis that the misinformation and “fake news” conversation has ...","Australia","2020-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [2341,"TAILORING ELECTION REGULATION: THE PLATFORM IS THE ...","https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/4.2-p641-663-Cohen.pdf","Jul 4, 2020 ... ... Law and Technology, Georgetown Law ... Matthew Hindman & Vlad Barash, Disinformation, 'Fake News' and Influence Campaigns ... Robert McMahon & Isabella Bennett, ...","China","2020-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [2342,"GSX Techedu's operational & financial frauds; market manipulation","https://www.sec.gov/comments/emerging-markets/cll9-7382078-218897.pdf","Jul 5, 2020 ... Chinese companies must be made aware through example that the lag time for policy enforcement is not a license to commit fraud on US markets. With the abundance ...","China","2020-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [2343,"Declining media freedom and biased reporting on foreign actors in ...","https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/declining-media-freedom-and-biased-reporting-on-foreign-actors-in-serbia.pdf","Jul 3, 2020 ... way for the spread of disinformation and fake news. ... The fact that media freedom remains largely national law means the EU ... In crisis circumstances, ...","EU","2020-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [2344,"Transparency, communication and trust: The role of public ...","https://www.sdg16hub.org/system/files/2020-08/Transparency%2C%20communication%20and%20trust%20The%20role%20of%20public%20communication%20in%20responding%20to%20the%20wave%20of%20disinformation%20about%20the%20new%20coronavirus.pdf","Jul 3, 2020 ... Social media is the source of 88% of the misinformation in the Reuters Institute sample. ... legal, policy, regulatory) and principal actors ... * The Call to Open ...","EU","2020-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [2345,"Targeting Greta Thunberg: A Case Study in Online Mis/Disinformation","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/Dave%2520et%2520al%2520-%2520Targetting%2520Greta%2520Thunberg_July%252022.pdf","Jul 2, 2020 ... For example, the Soros and puppet narratives originated in Sweden and then spread to Germany and Australia, while the antifa narrative began on a German-lan-.","Australia","2020-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [2346,"Information reliability: criteria to identify misinformation in the digital ...","https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ib/v34n84/2448-8321-ib-34-84-79.pdf","Jul 1, 2020 ... have unanimity of consensus, as it involves some kind of judgment. ... https://www.ibersid.eu/ojs/index.php/scire ... forms and the spread of misinformation and ...","EU","2020-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [2347,"Political Attitudes and the Processing of Misinformation Corrections","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/pops.12494","Jun 30, 2020 ... Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and. Decision Making, 8, 407-424. Author Manuscript. Page 25 ...","Australia","2020-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [2348,"Information and Misinformation on COVID-19: a Cross-Sectional ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4604/f35181a388dd719b2900ae1055a9d0e9494e.pdf","Jun 30, 2020 ... misinformation. A higher risk of plagiarism was perceived by ... Australia. 1 (0.8). Canada. 1 (0.8). Egypt. 1 (0.8) ... regulation by involving closer scrutiny by ...","Australia","2020-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [2349,"On the Threat of Deep Fakes to Democracy and Society","https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/7995358/On+the+Threat+of+Deep+Fakes+to+Democracy+and+Society.pdf/63b0d550-f154-f2ba-ae57-cf40d60794b2?version=1.0&t=1593442701740","Jun 29, 2020 ... Napoli, What If More Speech Is. No Longer the Solution? First Amend- ment Theory Meets Fake News and the. Filter Bubble. In: Federal Communica- tions Law ...","US","2020-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [2350,"Evaluation of the effects of too-big-to-fail reforms: Consultation Report","https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P280620-1.pdf","Jun 28, 2020 ... mandatory clearing requirement lies ... Partial implementation (i.e. final legislation, regulation or policy published but not yet ... of China Ltd., China Cinda ...","China","2020-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [2351,"Does Fake News Affect Voting Behaviour?","https://ceistorvergata.it/RePEc/rpaper/RP493.pdf","Jun 29, 2020 ... Bundestag (Parliament) published a report on the legal situations of fake news and a reform proposal: ... Voters of populist parties could self-select into ...","EU","2020-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [2352,"Would you notice if fake news changed your behavior? An ...","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0747563220303800","Jun 27, 2020 ... In 2019, the Mueller Report explicitly cited Facebook and Twitter as having been used by Russian agents to spread disinformation to interfere with the US ...","US","2020-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [2353,"The role of technology in online misinformation","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-role-of-technology-in-online-misinformation.pdf","Jun 26, 2020 ... The proposed Digital Services Act in the European. Union, which would regulate online platforms in the EU, could consider proscribing text prediction tools ...","EU","2020-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [2354,"Deepfakes and Disinformation:","https://scripties.uba.uva.nl/download?fid=c2904680","Jun 26, 2020 ... Mass-Media and Political Communication Credibility. Bulletin of the Transilvania. University of Braşov, Series VII: Social Sciences and Law, 2, 287–290. Payne, ...","EU","2020-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [2355,"Misinformation and news quality on digital platforms in Australia A ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-06/Misinformation%20and%20news%20quality%20position%20paper.pdf","Jun 25, 2020 ... The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation (EU Code) ... guidelines for industry codes and other forms of self-regulation and build on lessons from the EU code and ...","EU","2020-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [2356,"ANTI-VACCINE MISINFORMATION AND THE LAW: CHALLENGES ...","https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/ihlr/article/download/25055/23547/44130","Jun 25, 2020 ... Anjali Jain et al., Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children with. Older Siblings with and Without Autism, 313 JAMA 1534, 1534 (2015). 9.","US","2020-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [2357,"State Power to Regulate Social Media Companies to Prevent Voter ...","https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110832/documents/HHRG-116-IF17-20200624-SD009.pdf","Jun 24, 2020 ... FOR THE. ADVANCEMENT OF PUB. INTEGRITY, PROSECUTING VOTE SUPPRESSION BY MISINFORMATION. (2019), https://www.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites ...","EU","2020-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [2358,"COVID-19 pandemic: An era of myths and misleading advertisements","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1741134320988324","Jun 23, 2020 ... False claims advertising is a combination of misinformation and disinformation that is ... U.S., www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-.","China","2020-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [2359,"Challenges Kenyan Television Journalists Face in Spotting Fake ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/MUTCKT","Jun 23, 2020 ... There was no such law hence this was fake news. ... Kenya has also been a victim of fake news with misinformation ... You see for us, fake news depends on who is ...","US","2020-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [2360,"Polarization, Misinformation, and Entrenched Group Conflict ...","http://www.ispp.org/uploads/attachments/FULL_PROGRAM_2020_v3_FINAL.pdf","Jun 22, 2020 ... Misinformation, and ... Regulation Strategies for Conflicting Emotions: Obama's Quandaries on the ... John Cash, Melbourne University, Australia (Co-editor).","Australia","2020-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [2361,"Inaccurate and Biased Global Media Coverage Underlies Public ...","https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=bio_fac","Jun 22, 2020 ... Although there were no patterns in misinformation ... sharks and rays on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. ... strategies that do not involve regulatory or legal ...","Australia","2020-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [2362,"Misaligned Lawmaking","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2161&context=faculty-publications","Jun 18, 2020 ... to China under U.S. law. See Nicholas R. Lardy, Permanent Normal Trade Relations for China,. BROOKINGS INST. 1 (May 2000), https://www.brookings.edulwp ...","China","2020-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [2363,"The limited reach of fake news on Twitter during 2019 European ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0234689&type=printable","Jun 18, 2020 ... Such concerns are renewed in the view of the upcoming US Presidential Election of November 2020 or the future national elections in EU countries. The goal of ...","EU","2020-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [2364,"THE DRIVERS OF DISINFORMATION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN ...","https://www.globsec.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Drivers-of-disinformation-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.pdf","Jun 17, 2020 ... Disinformation narratives spread by Russia and China aim to exploit this tendency more than ever before in the whole region10, with “news stories” commenting ...","China","2020-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2365,"Online Political Advertising and Microtargeting: The Latest Legal ...","https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/online-political-advertising-and-microtargeting-the-latest-legal-ethical-political-and-technological-evolutions-en.pdf","Jun 18, 2020 ... Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the voluntary EU Code of Practice on Disinformation. The GDPR (European Commission n.d.) establishes strict guidelines ...","EU","2020-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2366,"POLICY PAPER","https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/defaul/pp_cross-border_human_mobility_amid_and_after_covid-19_policy.pdf","Jun 17, 2020 ... In the short and medium term, given abundant misinformation about the COVID-19 infection as well as ... 33 Some governments, such as Australia ... Law of the sea, ...","Australia","2020-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2367,"Telling China's Story: The Chinese Communist Party's Campaign to ...","https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:pf306sw8941/sio-china_story_white_paper-final.pdf","Jun 17, 2020 ... 3UM1P9V4gVpAacBYaf7zxR. M9HMla_twV=; International Cyber Policy Centre, “Covid-19 disinformation and social media trends,” Australian. Strategic Policy ...","Australia","2020-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2368,"Inaccurate and Biased Global Media Coverage Underlies Public ...","https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(20)30390-4.pdf","Jun 17, 2020 ... Although there were no patterns in misinformation ... sharks and rays on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. ... strategies that do not involve regulatory or legal ...","Australia","2020-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2369,"Described as a “scourge” that could disrupt public discourse and ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/case-studies/between-surveillance-and-security---pofma-bill-final.pdf?sfvrsn=2c18410a_2","Jun 16, 2020 ... 12 Bhavan Jaipragas, “Singapore's Fake News Law: A Lesson to Asia in Stifling Dissent?,” South China Morning Post,. May 9, 2019, https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/ ...","China","2020-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [2370,"THE USE OF CRITICAL THINKING AGAINST FAKE NEWS","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED616249.pdf","Jun 16, 2020 ... Mass media which does not always verify with much attention and rigour the information they spread? The Governments that should apply legal sanctions? Or the ...","US","2020-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [2371,"Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations of Propaganda","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/15769/3513","Jun 16, 2020 ... Dis/mis/malinformation, black propaganda, and fake news, by definition, would all be lies that take us away from the facts. True information can be used ...","US","2020-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [2372,"STEMMING THE TIDE OF FAKE NEWS: A GLOBAL CASE STUDY ...","https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2020-06/STEMMING%20THE%20TIDE%20OF%20FAKE%20NEWS-%20A%20GLOBAL%20CASE%20STUDY%20OF%20DECISIONS%20TO%20REGULATE.pdf","Jun 15, 2020 ... The government revised Article 291 of China's Criminal Law to address particular types of fake news, but the language used was noticeably vague. The new ...","China","2020-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2373,"The EU's Role in Fighting Disinformation: Taking Back the Initiative","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pamment_-_Future_Threats.pdf","Jun 15, 2020 ... ... regulation and auditing relating to online disinformation. Lessons ... Troubleshoot issues that arose in the recent response to Chinese disinformation: China is.","China","2020-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2374,"LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR FALSE NEWS","https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2020-06/LEGAL%20RESPONSIBILITY%20FOR%20FAKE%20NEWS.pdf","Jun 15, 2020 ... 2 James Politi, Italy Antitrust Chief Urges EU to Help Beat Fake News, FINANCIAL TIMES. (Dec. 29, 2016), https://www.ft.com/content/e7280576-cddc-11e6-864f ...","EU","2020-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2375,"Evaluating the Spread of Fake News and its Detection Techniques ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3602713_code3557228.pdf?abstractid=3602713&mirid=1","Jun 15, 2020 ... crowd to detect and reduce the spread of fake news and misinformation. ... Weeding out fake news: an approach to social media regulation. ... Melbourne, Australia.","Australia","2020-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2376,"How two information portals hide their ties to the Russian News ...","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/20200615_How-two-information-portals-hide-their-ties-to-the-Russian-Press-Agency-Inforos.pdf","Jun 15, 2020 ... EU DisinfoLab – info@disinfo.eu – www.disinfo.eu ... disinformation. Our own ... claims made by the US Professor of Law Francis Boyle about the origin of COVID-19 ( ...","EU","2020-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [2377,"President's Message","https://www.oregon.gov/dentistry/Documents/Newsletter_June_2020.pdf","Jun 14, 2020 ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental. Association”. To reduce the spread of misinformation, and to ensure that all inter- ested ...","US","2020-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [2378,"How Heuristic Credibility Cues Affect Credibility Judgments and ...","https://gugerty.people.clemson.edu/Gugerty2020JEPAcredibility.pdf","Jun 13, 2020 ... Interestingly, this Bayesian definition of relevance has already been applied in U.S. law, which defines relevant evidence in trials very similarly to Pearl ( ...","US","2020-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [2379,"Fake News Early Detection: A Theory-driven Model","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3377478","Jun 12, 2020 ... Hence, the characteristics attached to deception/disinformation might or might not be consistent with that of fake news, which motivates us to explore the ...","US","2020-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [2380,"Disinformation Tactics","https://www.spotswoodboro.com/DocumentCenter/View/123/Information-Alert---Disinformation-Tactics-PDF","Jun 11, 2020 ... China. On May 31, a bogus text message began ... disinformation, trick law enforcement and the ... misinformation shared online as opposed to creating their ...","China","2020-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [2381,"The Challenges of Countering Influence Operations","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Thomas_Thompson_Wanless_-_PCIO_-_Influence_Ops.pdf","Jun 10, 2020 ... In some cases, like in Australia, courts have ruled that when online content can be viewed by Australian citizens, it is subject to Australian law, regardless ...","Australia","2020-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [2382,"Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental ...","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/126080/Covid-19%20fake%20news%20ms_psyarxiv.pdf?sequence=1","Jun 9, 2020 ... In the case of COVID-19, this misinformation comes in many forms – from conspiracy theories about the virus being created as a biological weapon in China to ...","China","2020-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [2383,"Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0956797620939054","Jun 8, 2020 ... being created as a biological weapon in China to claims ... Misconceptions, misinformation, and the logic of identity ... Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 260–267.","China","2020-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [2384,"Chinese Communist Party Information Warfare: US–China ...","https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/08/2002311968/-1/-1/1/DO_CHAN.PDF","Jun 8, 2020 ... Finally, tak- ing a page from the 2016 Russian disinformation campaign, the PRC has flooded. Western social media with false narratives and conspiracy theories ...","China","2020-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [2385,"How to Teach Your Student About Fake News – Lesson Plan","https://www.engage.every1graduates.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/8ESS8-PBS-Lesson-Plan-on-Fake-News.pdf","Jun 8, 2020 ... This lesson gives students media literacy skills they need to navigate the media, including how to spot fake news. Subjects. Social studies, U.S. government, ...","US","2020-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [2386,"Fake News and Aggregated Credibility:","https://researchportal.hkr.se/files/40851180/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Jun 7, 2020 ... (invid-project.eu). The tool is designed to ... Fake news: A legal perspective. Journal of ... misinformation about climate change. Global Challenges, 1(2) ...","EU","2020-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [2387,"As employees, we write to express our deep concern about the ...","https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/7004-times-letter/efc475797987966bdaab/optimized/full.pdf","Jun 7, 2020 ... ... misinformation-online.ht ml). Though Cotton claims ... At one point, Cotton misquotes the U.S. Constitution. ... expert legal interpretation, we fail our readers.","US","2020-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [2388,"What drives unverified information sharing and cyberchondria ...","https://r.bangladeshhealthwatch.org/public/upload/research/file/file_name1623411949612670760.pdf","Jun 7, 2020 ... Fake news and misinformation were shared more often ... https://www.reuters.com/article/us- · health-coronavirus ... and attitudes on self-regulation in driving.","US","2020-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [2389,"Sharp Power: How Foreign Election Interference is Changing the ...","https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1367&context=wwu_honors","Jun 5, 2020 ... Instead of using disinformation China is focused on spreading propaganda that makes it ... unique case by starting investigations and passing laws that seek to ...","China","2020-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2390,"Tackling Disinformation and Infodemics Demands Media Policy ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773887","Jun 5, 2020 ... connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, again disinformation data sharing became a challenge despite the EU soft law approach. Here, focus (as of April 2020) ...","EU","2020-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2391,"mandatory news media bargaining code response to the accc's ...","https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Google.pdf","Jun 5, 2020 ... No such obligation exists under antitrust law, copyright law, or any other legal framework. ... counter spam, misinformation, malware, and other harmful material.","EU","2020-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2392,"Response to the Australian mandatory news media bargaining code ...","https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/Facebook.pdf","Jun 5, 2020 ... services and is replete with misinformation. ... commercial agreements, effectively promote regulatory gaming, and ... Australia's existing IP Treaty obligations.","Australia","2020-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2393,"Promoting Journalism as Method","https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3234&context=facpub","Jun 4, 2020 ... See RonNell Andersen Jones, Litigation, Legislation, and Democracy in a Post-Newspaper. America, 68 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 557, 559 (2011). 78. See RonNell ...","US","2020-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [2394,"Implications of Internet Control for China Post-Tiananmen Square ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37945137/TILLEY-DOCUMENT-2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jun 3, 2020 ... Tiananmen Square protests and massacre is often enforced under the Guarding State. Secrets law. In July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administration Region ( ...","China","2020-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2395,"Online Platforms' Moderation of Illegal Content Online","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/652718/IPOL_STU(2020)652718_EN.pdf","Jun 3, 2020 ... ... law, or self-regulation ... laws regulating fake news or hate speech online. ... Regarding the Chinese regulatory system on online content moderation, according to ...","China","2020-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2396,"Anatomy of a Disinformation Empire: Investigating NaturalNews","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/20200620-ISDG-NaturalNews-Briefing-V4.pdf","Jun 3, 2020 ... It is also important to note that the New Black Panther Party is recognised as an extremist organisation by the Southern Poverty. Law Center (SPLC). • The ...","China","2020-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2397,"What's the Cure? Misinformation and Platform Responses in the Era ...","https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/2020-06/What%27s%20the%20Cure_%20Misinformation%20%26%20Platform%20Responses%20in%20the%20Era%20of%20COVID-19%20%281%29.pdf","Jun 3, 2020 ... law. A significant contributing factor to the ... to combat misinformation and disinformation surrounding COVID-19. ... 194 Valentina Pop, “EU, Tech Firms Renew ...","EU","2020-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2398,"The Case against Social Media Content Regulation","https://cei.org/sites/default/files/WayneCrewsTheCaseagainstSocialMediaContentRegulation.pdf","Jun 2, 2020 ... Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. —U.S. Constitution, Amendment I. As ...","US","2020-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [2399,"Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital Space","http://rjea.ier.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/RJEA_vol.20_no.1_June-2020_Article-1.pdf","Jun 1, 2020 ... More recently, in 2019, Chinese government made it illegal to publish video and audio “deepfakes”48. As from March 2019, the Russian parliament passed a “Law on ...","China","2020-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [2400,"In Data We Trust: Unlocking the Value of Data in Ontario","https://occ.ca/publications/in-data-we-trust-unlocking-the-value-of-data-in-ontario/","Jun 1, 2020 ... The. EU has recognized Canada's federal privacy laws as providing adequate protection to its own laws, but this adequacy status is set to come under review no ...","EU","2020-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [2401,"III Monitoring Report Detecting Propaganda and Fake news in ...","http://www.acgrc.am/III%20Monitoring%20Report_ACGRC.pdf","May 30, 2020 ... No one invites Ukraine to European Union. Trump has repeatedly shown that he is not fond of Ukraine. Some Ukrainian politicians and Poroshenko prefer behaving ...","EU","2020-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [2402,"The Effectiveness of Influence Activities in Information Warfare","https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/9a635540-77a1-4af8-b1c5-ee4d5d114f1a/download","May 30, 2020 ... mainstream media, and transnational law enforcement. ... Contributing to this spread of political disinformation, misinformation, and tabloid ... ACT, Australia.","Australia","2020-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [2403,"Data citizenship: Rethinking data literacy in the age of disinformation ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/218938/1/2020-2-1481.pdf","May 28, 2020 ... Institute in Macau, United Nations University, Macau SAR, China ... Keywords: Data literacy, Literacy, Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake news ... aware of their ...","China","2020-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2404,"Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital Space","https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=15828271&AN=143627804&h=icx2fXTNfQ0f6dTpxhzSVt56%2FR%2FX%2FQCEklxYOPG8LNp5B63eIp1yyhSjwZpGn82%2BFbqKtQdxP%2FK0PGKJjhi0bg%3D%3D&crl=f","May 28, 2020 ... and digital disinformation inside and outside the EU, and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Four approaches emerge: (1) self- ...","EU","2020-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2405,"Data citizenship: Rethinking data literacy in the age of disinformation ...","https://shura.shu.ac.uk/26625/3/Lockley-DataCitizenshipRethinking%28VoR%29.pdf","May 28, 2020 ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- · content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236. European Commission. (2018b). Action Plan against Disinformation (JOIN(2018) 36 final) ...","EU","2020-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2406,"Epistemic responsibility in the face of a pandemic","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5958/6348bb131ac2ccce32ad1fbef017e631b3cf.pdf","May 28, 2020 ... Law School, Oxford University Press, and Stanford Law School. ... Evidence from Regulatory Impact. Assessments in Australia, New Zealand and the European Union.","Australia","2020-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2407,"information warfare","https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2020/5/pdf/2005-deepportal4-information-warfare.pdf","May 28, 2020 ... Fake news – messages intended ... disinformation through the dissemination of fake news. ... (2015), Cyberwar: Law and Ethics for Virtual Conflicts, Oxford ...","US","2020-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2408,"The “Fake News” Effect: Experimentally Identifying Motivated ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mthaler/files/mthaler_fake-news-effect_full.pdf","May 27, 2020 ... ly/ impact-australia-gun-laws .) Media Bias. Some people believe that the media is unfairly biased towards Democrats, while some believe it is balanced ...","Australia","2020-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [2409,"FDA Publicity and Enforcement in the COVID-19 Era","https://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1684&context=facpubs","May 27, 2020 ... Connealy herself); U.S. ... Consent Order and Final Judgment, United States v. ... for a stated specific purpose: to prevent the spread of misinformation during the ...","US","2020-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [2410,"Are Algorithms a Threat to Democracy? The Rise of Intermediaries ...","https://algorithmwatch.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Governing-Platforms-communications-study-Stark-May-2020-AlgorithmWatch.pdf","May 26, 2020 ... Therefore, searching for solutions must cover several legal and political areas. Measures to Combat Disinformation. Most authors recommend a holistic strategy ...","China","2020-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [2411,"Getting to the Source of Infodemics: It's the Business Model","https://d1y8sb8igg2f8e.cloudfront.net/documents/Getting_to_the_Source_of_Infodemics_Its_the_Business_Model_2020-05.pdf","May 26, 2020 ... We propose concrete areas where Congress needs to act to mitigate the harms of misinformation and other dangerous speech without compromising free expression ...","EU","2020-05-26T00:00:00"],
    [2412,"Digital Communications, Disinformation and Democracy ...","https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/2020-CEO-Recommendations.pdf","May 25, 2020 ... Recent changes to the Canada Elections Act acknowledged the risk of cyber threats to electoral integrity at the federal level. In commenting on the changes, ...","EU","2020-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [2413,"Social Media Literacy in crisis context: Case of Fake News ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3601466_code3922949.pdf?abstractid=3601466&mirid=1","May 25, 2020 ... propaganda, misinformation, disinformation ... This leads us to discuss fake news detection methods in the following lines. ... Media Concentration and Pluralism: ...","US","2020-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [2414,"The AFCA Approach to non- disclosure and misrepresentation","https://www.afca.org.au/media/934/download","May 23, 2020 ... legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00115 · Austlii. Austlii is a free resource that contains a full extract of most of the judgments issued in Australia austlii ...","Australia","2020-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [2415,"research, data collection and ethical issues: lessons from hindsight","https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/f7de977cd772899bf5b3f07f4833b936d2af2b85a32faff9419a33802e25e91a/349125/Ethical%20Issues%20in%20Qualitative%20Research_Ganiyu_Upeksha.pdf","May 23, 2020 ... Second, and conversely, there is also a substantial concern that researchers need to protect themselves from any legal consequences that might arise if they ...","Australia","2020-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [2416,"PUBLISHING FAKE NEWS FOR PROFIT SHOULD BE ...","https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2891&context=lawreview","May 22, 2020 ... Wueller, Fake News: A Legal Perspective, 20 J. ... In the past few months this form of misinformation ... In New South Wales,. South Australia and the Australian ...","Australia","2020-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [2417,"MITIGATING DISINFORMATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN ELECTIONS:","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/nato_mitigating_disinformation_web_20may-1.pdf","May 20, 2020 ... and has Chinese heritage, found himself in political and legal trouble for discussing the. Koran. Private WhatsApp groups circulated anti-Chinese conspiracy ...","China","2020-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [2418,"Models of Governance of Online Hate Speech","https://rm.coe.int/models-of-governance-of-online-hate-speech/16809e671d","May 20, 2020 ... (2017) 'China Fines Its Top 3 Internet Giants for Violating Cybersecurity Law', The. Diplomat, September 26. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2017/09 ...","China","2020-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [2419,"Political Misinformation","https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032814?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf","May 20, 2020 ... and judgment processes (Lodge & Taber 2013, p. ... Information and Misinformation in American Politics. ... Cognitive reflection and the 2016 US Presidential ...","US","2020-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [2420,"Forthcoming in Internet Policy Review May 19, 2020 Title ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3629185_code618158.pdf?abstractid=3629185","May 19, 2020 ... Australia is the only country that has succeeded in passing a law that would require digital intermediaries to provide federal police and intelligence ...","Australia","2020-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [2421,"Political Misinformation","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/d/2388/files/2022/04/JeritZhao_2020.pdf","May 20, 2020 ... and judgment processes (Lodge & Taber 2013, p. ... Information and Misinformation in American Politics. ... Cognitive reflection and the 2016 US Presidential ...","US","2020-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [2422,"Making Opportunity Out of Chaos: The Misconceptions and Realities ...","https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2184&context=capstone","May 18, 2020 ... government authority lies in its wielding of military power. ... created misconceptions about the larger ... Demands treaty between China and Japan. Zhang ...","China","2020-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [2423,"What is at stake in the information sphere? Anxieties about malign ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09662839.2020.1771695","May 17, 2020 ... Yet, there is little agreement on the nature of this threat. This is mirrored in the plethora of labels in use, ranging from “disinformation” to “sharp power” ...","China","2020-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [2424,"An experimental investigation of the misinformation effect in crime ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/acp.3697","May 17, 2020 ... To us, understanding possible interplays between lying and misinformation would be important from a legal point of view, wherein defendants' memory reports ...","US","2020-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [2425,"The Persuasive Effect of Fox News: Non-Compliance with Social ...","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27237/w27237.pdf","May 16, 2020 ... Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, present a discussion of misinformation during the US ... Everyone else wash your hands, use good judgment about your ...","US","2020-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [2426,"Corpus Development for Studying Online Disinformation Campaign ...","https://aclanthology.org/2020.stoc-1.7.pdf","May 16, 2020 ... automatic approaches can help us with narrative labeling. 4.1 Data Exploration with LDA. Figure 1: Retweet and quote network for the top users ranked by ...","US","2020-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [2427,"Can The Crowd Identify Misinformation Objectively? The Effects of ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06915","May 15, 2020 ... 25–30, 2020, Virtual Event, China. ACM, New York ... expert judgment set per dataset), and three different judgment scales ... misinformation online. The dataset ...","China","2020-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [2428,"The EU Food Fraud Network","https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-05/ff_ffn_annual-report_2019.pdf","May 15, 2020 ... law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant ... information lies with the Member States concerned. ... Considering that per year 100 tonnes of eels are estimated.","China","2020-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [2429,"Beyond the individual: governing AI's societal harm","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3941956_code3594902.pdf?abstractid=3941956","May 15, 2020 ... Drawing on a legal domain specifically aimed at protecting a societal interest—environmental law—I identify three 'societal' mechanisms that EU policymakers.","EU","2020-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [2430,"Responding to COVID-19 Information Pollution","https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/undp-bpps-governance-Responding_to_COVID-19_Information%20_Pollution.pdf","May 15, 2020 ... Terms such as misinformation and disinformation are often used interchangeably. ... legislation and policy, press standards, media ... Disinfo EU. Page 14. UNDP — ...","EU","2020-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [2431,"Online Misinformation About Climate Change","https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wcc.665","May 14, 2020 ... This is despite a report put together by the European Commission suggesting that “government or EU regulation of disinformation can be a blunt and risky ...","EU","2020-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [2432,"Practices, Policies and Regulation in African Journalism: Mapping a ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ips23rfbjjgp5jgw4i765a3hze/access/wayback/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23743670.2019.1750197?needAccess=true","May 13, 2020 ... This will not be the last word; however, as the Court stated that EU law did not prohibit a global de-referencing exercise under different circumstances ...","EU","2020-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2433,"Distortions of political bias in crowdsourced misinformation flagging","https://pure.itu.dk/files/85143315/rsif.2020.0020.pdf","May 13, 2020 ... We generate the source popularity distribution as a power law. This means that the vast majority of news sources have a single follower, while the most popular ...","Australia","2020-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2434,"Artificial Intelligence as a Disinformation Engine Revision #76 Dylan ...","https://www.dylanwheeler.net/files/DisinformationThesis.pdf","May 13, 2020 ... misinformation. Despite ... This law is unenforceable because anyone creating these fake photos and videos for ... Australia, 4. Accessed August 15, 2019. Horev ...","Australia","2020-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2435,"Evidence-Based Policing in 45 Small Bytes","https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/254326.pdf","May 11, 2020 ... experience, judgment, and law, for example. ... Also, many complaints are simply based on misperception, misinformation, or misunderstanding. ... Australia & New ...","Australia","2020-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [2436,"Who Is Susceptible to Online Health Misinformation? A Test of Four ...","https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/hea-hea0000978.pdf","May 11, 2020 ... Method: Participants in a national U.S. survey (N = 923) rated the perceived accuracy and influence of true and false social media posts about statin ...","US","2020-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [2437,"How Misinformation Spreads Through Twitter","https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=brookings_capstone_studentpapers","May 11, 2020 ... that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. ... Figure 6 shows the ratio of tweets located in the U.S. vs.","US","2020-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [2438,"Russia and Information Warfare: a Whole-of-Society Approach","https://scholar.archive.org/work/5eijulnlnbcvxpgxuvnhqi6z5i/access/wayback/https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lasr/article/508/file/pdf","May 10, 2020 ... April 22, 2020 https://euvsdisinfo.eu ... agents' law in 201225 and the 'undesirable organizations' law of 2015. ... dissipate the effect of Russian misinformation.","EU","2020-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [2439,"Educative Interventions to Combat Misinformation:","https://pdri-devlab.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fake_News_Paper.pdf","May 8, 2020 ... advanced countries such as China and South Korea. ... Just as Gresham's Law posits that bad money drives out good, bad (false) ... https://www.theatlantic.com/ ...","China","2020-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [2440,"Fact-checking initiatives as promoters of media and information ...","https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_19195_1899-5101_13_2_26__6/c/144-130.pdf","May 8, 2020 ... The report, Mapping of media literacy practices and actions in EU ... presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, won by the Law and Justice party.","EU","2020-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [2441,"The Impact of Term Fake News on the Scientific Community ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/socsci/socsci-09-00073/article_deploy/socsci-09-00073-v2.pdf?version=1589267209","May 8, 2020 ... To this end, this work advocated a scientometric-type methodology, through scientometric laws, impact indicators, and scientific evolution of 640 publications ...","Australia","2020-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [2442,"The Landscape of Disinformation on Health Crisis Communication ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37364388/Patel%20-%20JCOM-Ukraine-Disinformation-Review-2020-v2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","May 7, 2020 ... Additionally, a search of relevant North. Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) doctrine, terminology, and publications indicates that the term “misinformation” ...","China","2020-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2443,"Ensuring the Public's Right to Know in the COVID-19 Pandemic","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Ensuring-the-Publics-Right-to-Know-in-the-Covid-19-Pandemic_Final-13.05.20.pdf","May 7, 2020 ... awareness and trust, fighting misinformation, ensuring accountability as well as developing and monitoring ... • Legal and regulatory measures to address the ...","EU","2020-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2444,"Conceptual ambiguity hinders measurement and management of ...","https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.13665","May 7, 2020 ... political, legal). The same interaction can ... While human values are inherent to ecosystem services assessments, misinformation or uncertainty can introduce ...","Australia","2020-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2445,"Law and Human Behavior - Eyewitness Confidence Malleability ...","https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/10426-eyewitness-confidence-malleability-lhb","May 7, 2020 ... ID identification; MD misinformation decrease; MI misinformation increase. This document is copyrighted by the. American. Psychological. Association.","US","2020-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2446,"Case for persuasion in parental informed consent to promote ...","https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/215470/1/215470.pdf","May 7, 2020 ... There have been calls for mandatory vaccination legislation to be introduced into the United. Kingdom in order to tackle the national and international rise of ...","US","2020-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2447,"A New and Controversial Approach to Dispute Resolution Under the ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3594380_code1468587.pdf?abstractid=3594380&type=2","May 6, 2020 ... However, the true significance of the USCTA lies ... USCTA or the WTO agreements have been breached.20 The ... China's WTO treaty obligations. In its Protocol ...","China","2020-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2448,"Challenges to media freedom: Information disorder and fake news","https://rm.coe.int/pr-isd-2020-05-kristiansand-information-disorder-en-rev/16809e4d53","May 6, 2020 ... Source: Repeating a lie does not make it true, euvsdisinfo.eu ... Which of the following institutions and media actors should act to stop the spread of “fake news ...","EU","2020-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2449,"Credulous Users and Fake News: a Real Case Study on the ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03550","May 7, 2020 ... An interesting study misinformation spreading in OSM is presented in [17]. The authors analyzed 14 million of tweets published during 2016 U.S. presidential ...","US","2020-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2450,"ERGA Report on disinformation: Assessment of the implementation ...","https://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ERGA-2019-report-published-2020-LQ.pdf","May 5, 2020 ... By signing the Code and thus voluntarily accepting obligations that are not part of the legal framework, the signatories demonstrated a commitment to the EU ...","EU","2020-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [2451,"24. Denialism: organized opposition to climate change action in the ...","https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Brulle2020Denialism.pdf","May 5, 2020 ... misinformation, forming a major barrier to dealing with climate change. ... (2008), The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the.","Australia","2020-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [2452,"Compromising the Knowledge Economy","https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Compromising-Knowledge-Economy-Authoritarian-Challenges-Intellectual-Inquiry-Tiffert.pdf?utm_source=forum%20landing%20page&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=intellectual%20inquiry","May 4, 2020 ... the rule of law in the People's Republic of China (PRC). ... disinformation. Finally, for better or worse ... Chinese language and literature. The university ...","China","2020-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [2453,"Asymmetric participation of defenders and critics of vaccines to ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.08311","May 4, 2020 ... As in many other countries or states such as Italy, Germany, Australia ... Scheufele, D. A. & Krause, N. M. Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news.","Australia","2020-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [2454,"Fake News, Media Credibility and Trust on Institutions","https://iprm.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/V4-March-29-KLIP-paper-on-fake-news.pdf","May 4, 2020 ... Malaysia is the only one country to repeal fake news but would allow existing laws to combat the dissemination of fake news. The United States itself is ...","US","2020-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [2455,"ARTICLES BAD ACTORS: AUTHENTICITY, INAUTHENTICITY ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1715&context=jcl","May 3, 2020 ... It explains how authenticity regulation provides economic value to companies engaged in “information capitalism,”. “data capitalism,” and “surveillance ...","China","2020-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [2456,"Disinfodemic: Dissecting responses to COVID-19 disinformation ...","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/disinfodemic_dissecting_responses_covid19_disinformation.pdf","May 3, 2020 ... Heavy handed responses to disinformation that restrict freedom of expression rights, such as 'fake news' laws, could actually hobble the work of journalists ...","EU","2020-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [2457,"Protecting memory from misinformation: Warnings modulate cortical ...","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10189836","May 2, 2020 ... misinformation. misinformation | cortical reinstatement | eyewitness memory | fMRI. It is hard to imagine that our memories can deceive us. Yet when we ...","US","2020-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [2458,"Combatting Corruption in the “Era of Xi Jinping”: A Law and ...","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1847&context=hastings_international_comparative_law_review","May 1, 2020 ... illicit, lies at the heart of crony capitalism in ... legal arguments with reference to statute law and judicial ... See generally Donald Clarke, China's Legal ...","China","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2459,"Health misinformation","https://fullfact.org/media/uploads/en-tackling-health-misinfo.pdf","May 1, 2020 ... This briefing is not intended to act as an exhaustive summary of this work. What we set out to do rather, is provide fact checkers with an introductory toolkit ...","EU","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2460,"Deceiving the masses on social media","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3386375","May 1, 2020 ... tential for misinformation ... says Linda Priebe, a U.S.-EU data pri- vacy ... Balancing transparency against competitive needs may make enact- ing legislation ...","EU","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2461,"Bring in the experts? Citizen preferences for independent experts in ...","https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12448","May 1, 2020 ... ... European Union (EU) level is included in the set ... attitudes among Polish citizens and recent moves by the Law and Order party to limit judicial and.","EU","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2462,"Does Debunking Work? Correcting COVID-19 Misinformation on ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=3178673","May 1, 2020 ... Research Director, Health Law Institute, University of Alberta. I would like to thank Gordon Pennycook,. 1 Areeb Mian & Shujhat Khan, “Coronavirus: The Spread ...","US","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2463,"Fighting fake news","https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/download/24417/32238","May 1, 2020 ... shifting U.S. demographics, labor market upheaval ... disinformation and misinformation, but also ... Osborne, “Programming to. Promote Information Literacy in the ...","US","2020-05-01T00:00:00"],
    [2464,"Defending Data: Toward Ethical Protections and Comprehensive ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=elj","Apr 30, 2020 ... European Union General Data Protection Regulation ...... ... recommendation engines radicalize users, promote racism, and spread misinformation. ... the U.S. and ...","EU","2020-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [2465,"“Reds Driven Off”: the US Media's Propaganda During the Gulf of ...","https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1869&context=student_scholarship","Apr 30, 2020 ... Vietnam War, Gulf of Tonkin, Propaganda, US Media, Fake News, Manufacturing Consent ... Maddox, ever conscious of international law,made ... In 2004, the ...","US","2020-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [2466,"Electoral Management of Digital Campaigns and Disinformation in ...","https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/elj.2019.0599","Apr 29, 2020 ... fears of Chinese-funded misinformation campaign increased for the 2020 presidential elections. Under the law, people who publish misinformation online could be ...","China","2020-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [2467,"HANDS OFF PRESS FREEDOM: ATTACKS ON MEDIA IN EUROPE ...","https://rm.coe.int/annual-report-final-en/16809f03a9","Apr 29, 2020 ... closer analysis of key topics or themes including impunity, legal and online harassment, the impact of the fight against “fake news”, public service and.","EU","2020-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [2468,"Parental Alienation and Misinformation Proliferation","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/fcre.12473","Apr 30, 2020 ... While a concurrent resolution is a federal action, it is not legislation that ultimately becomes law. Instead, a resolution expresses the opinion of the ...","US","2020-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [2469,"Weaponised deep fakes: National security and democracy","https://ad-aspi.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/2020-04/Weaponised%20deep%20fakes.pdf?VersionId=lgwT9eN66cRbWTovhN74WI2z4zO4zJ5H","Apr 28, 2020 ... Hannah Smith is a Researcher working with the International Cyber Policy Centre. Katherine Mansted is senior adviser for public policy at the Australian ...","Australia","2020-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [2470,"report media freedom - 2019","https://www.gic.mn/public/docs/freedom_report/media_freedom_report_2019_en.pdf","Apr 29, 2020 ... an amount of 500.000 Mongolian tugriks (approx.US$185) and a legal entity - 5 million MNT (approx.US$1850) for misleading others and spreading disinformation.","US","2020-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [2471,"Disinformation, Deepfakes & Democracy","https://www.allianceofdemocracies.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Disinformation-Deepfakes-Democracy-Waldemarsson-2020.pdf","Apr 27, 2020 ... The most apparent one relating to disinformation is the law against manipulation of information, commonly referred to as the “Fake News bill”. Intended to ...","China","2020-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [2472,"Identifying patterns to prevent the spread of misinformation during ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/nsoesie_patterns_public_health_misinformation_20200427-1.pdf","Apr 27, 2020 ... less regulation. Also, as treatments are tested ... China spins tale that the U.S. army started the coronavirus epidemic. ... Echo chambers and viral misinformation ...","China","2020-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [2473,"Counteracting Misleading Protobacco YouTube Videos: The Effects ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/15276/3227","Apr 27, 2020 ... misinformation. However, as opposed to the ... downstream smoking cessation amongst adult smokers in Australia, Canada, Mexico and the ... Hofstra Law. Review, 17, ...","Australia","2020-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [2474,"What's All That Noise: Analysis and Detection of Propaganda on ...","https://intellisec.de/pubs/2020b-eurosec.pdf","Apr 27, 2020 ... In 13th Eu- ropean Workshop on Systems Security ... Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), while Caetano et al. ... Disinformation Warfare: Un- derstanding State ...","EU","2020-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [2475,"AGGRAVATING UNCERTAINTY RUSSIAN INFORMATION ...","http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-809f9000-88ef-41e0-b971-e0c39000053a/c/document__4_.pdf","Apr 25, 2020 ... The narratives about Russian information warfare waged against the EU and United States, the ubiquitous disinformation, fake news and propaganda have become a ...","EU","2020-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [2476,"Effects of Credibility Indicators on Social Media News Sharing Intent","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3313831.3376213","Apr 25, 2020 ... ... Australia. §Tandon School of ... Fake news; Misinformation; Disinformation; News headlines; ... There is a call for legal and regulatory approaches that force.","Australia","2020-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [2477,"Free Speech and the Internet","https://scholar.umw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1345&context=student_research","Apr 24, 2020 ... well and accidentally spread the same misinformation ... Government in China for fear of being expelled from the country. ... \"Responding to Fake News: Is There an ...","China","2020-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [2478,"A Failure of Political Communication Not a Failure of Bureaucracy ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0275074020941734","Apr 24, 2020 ... spreading in Wuhan, China (World Health Organization ... through the misinformation to promote evidence-based ... He mis- led the public about the cost of insurance ...","China","2020-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [2479,"IMPLICIT BIAS EVIDENCE: A COMPENDIUM OF CASES AND ...","https://lawreviewdrake.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/harty-final.pdf","Apr 24, 2020 ... Unless it is checked, the trend to rely upon so-called implicit bias science will badly harm U.S. discrimination law or trigger a potentially harmful ...","US","2020-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [2480,"COGNITIVE SUBSTRATES OF BELIEF IN FAKE NEWS 1 Cognitive ...","https://cogsci.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/2020ThesisBUONOMANO.pdf","Apr 23, 2020 ... A type of misinformation called fake news ... American adults had not pursued postsecondary education (U.S. Census, 2017), meaning ... Judgment and Decision making, ...","US","2020-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [2481,"Taiwan's Disinformation Response","https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep28659.9.pdf","Apr 21, 2020 ... To combat China's growing disinformation campaign, Taiwan has responded with several tools ... However, as a technique for responding to disinformation, legal ...","China","2020-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [2482,"Fighting misinformation and defending free expression during ...","https://www.accessnow.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fighting-misinformation-and-defending-free-expression-during-COVID-19-recommendations-for-states-1.pdf","Apr 21, 2020 ... The recommendations outlined below will help ensure that the rule of law, and the rights to freedom of expression and opinion, as well as the right to receive ...","China","2020-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [2483,"Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation: An ...","https://repec.cal.bham.ac.uk/pdf/20-06.pdf","Apr 21, 2020 ... https://euvsdisinfo.eu/eeas- special-report ... UCLA Law Rev. 5:583. Kleineberg, K. K., & Bogu˜ná ... Søe SO (2018) Algorithmic detection of misinformation and ...","EU","2020-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [2484,"Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news","https://cogsci.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/2020ThesisMARTEL.pdf","Apr 21, 2020 ... The classical. Page 5. EMOTION AND FAKE NEWS. 5 reasoning account fits within the tradition of dual-process theories of judgment, in which analytic thinking is ...","US","2020-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [2485,"Bad News: Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and ...","https://www.franziroesner.com/pdf/zeng-ads-conpro20.pdf","Apr 21, 2020 ... We compiled a dataset of 1158 known misinformation websites (spreading political disinformation, ... policy and regulation ... outright (especially by U.S. ...","US","2020-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [2486,"Misinformation Battle Revisited: Counter Strategies from Clinics to ...","https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/files/83842359/3366424.3384373.pdf","Apr 20, 2020 ... Regarding the massive misinformation campaigns in presidential election 2017, Emmanuel Macron vowed to introduce a law to ban fake news on the internet. This ...","China","2020-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [2487,"Misinformation Battle Revisited: Counter Strategies from Clinics to ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3366424.3384373","Apr 20, 2020 ... One of the oldest state-level strategies against misinformation is legislation. The earliest form of legislation is the defamation law which may cause lawsuit ...","China","2020-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [2488,"Toward Informed News Media Consumption: Avoiding Fake News ...","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/155018/Strong2020.pdf?sequence=1","Apr 20, 2020 ... Hazmat labels and placards are required by federal law on all hazardous materials containers, including flammable, combustible, corrosive, explosive, and ...","US","2020-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [2489,"The Impact Of Co-Witness Misinformation On Memory For A ...","https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4105&context=theses","Apr 20, 2020 ... Examining the effects of co-witness information on memory is important because eyewitness testimony should ideally be independent, and for this reason, legal ...","US","2020-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [2490,"Compliance and fraud, waste and abuse training","https://provider.simplyhealthcareplans.com/docs/gpp/FLFL_SMH_CHA_FHK_FWAComplianceTraining.pdf?v=202004152003","Apr 20, 2020 ... Noncompliance: conduct that does not conform to the law, federal health ... • Misinformation and/or misrepresentation ... A formal review of compliance with a ...","US","2020-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [2491,"How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6B0EB93F6BA17608D82B4D23EDA75E50/S0008423920000396a.pdf/how_rightleaning_media_coverage_of_covid19_facilitated_the_spread_of_misinformation_in_the_early_stages_of_the_pandemic_in_the_us.pdf","Apr 19, 2020 ... However, we do know that delays, denials and misinformation about COVID-19 have exacerbated its spread and slowed pandemic response, particularly in the. U.S. ( ...","US","2020-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [2492,"University of Groningen Political Rumor Communication on Instant ...","https://research.rug.nl/files/143835240/15200_49871_1_PB.pdf","Apr 19, 2020 ... Selective exposure to misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign. Retrieved from http://www.ask ...","US","2020-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [2493,"Capturing Clicks: How the Chinese Government Uses Clickbait to ...","https://jenpan.com/jen_pan/wechat.pdf","Apr 18, 2020 ... Politicians in Australia ... The Democratic and the Authoritarian. State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory, 233–256. ... Computational propaganda in russia: the ...","Australia","2020-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [2494,"Political Rumor Communication on Instant Messaging Platforms ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/15200/3267","Apr 19, 2020 ... Selective exposure to misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign. Retrieved from http://www.ask ...","US","2020-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [2495,"Reform of the EU liability regime for online intermediaries","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2020/649404/EPRS_IDA(2020)649404_EN.pdf","Apr 16, 2020 ... 80 See The legal framework to address \"fake news\": possible policy actions at the EU level, Policy Department for Economic,. Scientific and Quality of Life ...","EU","2020-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [2496,"the mass media freedom in a state of emergency: infodemic vs ...","https://repository.ukim.mk/bitstream/20.500.12188/9748/1/The%20mass%20media%20freedom.pdf","Apr 15, 2020 ... They will feed into future EU work on disinformation, notably the European democracy action plan, as well as the Digital Services. Act (JOIN/2020/8 final). It ...","EU","2020-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [2497,"Google's approach to tackling disinformation","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=d13491ed-12cb-4330-a47d-923757242793&subId=686290","Apr 15, 2020 ... Google Australia thanks the Select Committee on Foreign Interference through Social Media for the opportunity to respond to this Inquiry ​on the risk posed by ...","Australia","2020-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [2498,"Belief in or Identification of False News According to the Elaboration ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/14804/3381","Apr 15, 2020 ... The Science of Fake News. Following the concern that Russia might meddle with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, “fake news” has become an increasingly ...","US","2020-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [2499,"COVID-19-related online misinformation in Bangladesh","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHR-09-2020-0414/full/pdf","Apr 14, 2020 ... Crime in the time of the plague: fake news pandemic and the challenges to law- enforcement and intelligence community. Soc Regist. 2020; 4(2): 133-48. doi ...","US","2020-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [2500,"WEAPONIZED INFORMATION OUTBREAK:","https://millercenter.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NCRI-White-Paper-COVID-19-13-Apr-2020.pdf","Apr 13, 2020 ... We explore the case of the growth of a conspiracy which depicts China engineering COVID-19 as bioweapon—to illustrate how specific conspiracies become ...","China","2020-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [2501,"Mischief with Government Information Policy","https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4259&context=cklawreview","Apr 13, 2020 ... disseminate disinformation and misinformation is significant. ... the EU General Data Protection regulation as the model among several ... misinformation, to hold ...","EU","2020-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [2502,"Misinformation Awareness among Journalists Covering Politics in ...","https://idac.dubawa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Misinformation-Awareness-among-Journalists-Covering-Politics-in-Nigeria.pdf","Apr 13, 2020 ... in amplifying misinformation, notably during 2016 US ... laws that forbid misinformation sharing, the 1960 Criminal Offenses Act ... organization found guilty of ...","US","2020-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [2503,"Using Care Ethics to Examine the Retracted Article by Andrew ...","https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/2j62s5533?filename=Byrd_Rebecca_2020_BS_STS_Research_Paper.pdf","Apr 13, 2020 ... Measles, misinformation, and risk: Personal belief exemptions and the MMR vaccine. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 3(3), 718–725. https://doi.org ...","EU","2020-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [2504,"Caveat emptor: boycott through digital humour on the wave of the ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1757134","Apr 11, 2020 ... This bill aroused concerns that Hong Kong residents would be sub- ject to the mainland Chinese jurisdiction and legal system, thus being deprived of their.","China","2020-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [2505,"of 7 FAKE NEWS EXPOSED AND UNBIASED, NONPARTISAN ...","https://williamarthuratkins.com/Fake_news_exposed.pdf","Apr 10, 2020 ... ... law,. 'no rational man can doubt.'\" (Source: https ... '\" EUvsDisinformation.eu https://euvsdisinfo.eu/. -- ... conservative misinformation in the media.","EU","2020-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [2506,"Like a virus: The coordinated spread of Coronavirus disinformation","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202960/1/P904_Like_a_virus_COVID19_disinformation_Web_.pdf","Apr 10, 2020 ... The Australia Institute, Canberra, A.C.T.. This ... nise and abide by the legal requirements ... Australian public's confidence in 5G 'shaken' by misinformation.","Australia","2020-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [2507,"Impact of fake Covid-19 Social Media Communications in Zimbabwe","https://www.pharosjot.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/art_11_vol_102_se_2_zimbabwe.pdf","Apr 10, 2020 ... (2020) conclude that misinformation about science, technology and health is not new to the study of crisis communication and neither is it unique to Covid-19.","Australia","2020-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [2508,"Impact of fake Covid-19 Social Media Communications in Zimbabwe","https://scholar.archive.org/work/7r7ijemo2nhhxchquqe2ywby6q/access/wayback/https://www.pharosjot.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/art_11_vol_102_se_2__zimbabwe.pdf","Apr 10, 2020 ... (2020) conclude that misinformation about science, technology and health is not new to the study of crisis communication and neither is it unique to Covid-19.","Australia","2020-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [2509,"Article - Patterns of Online Information Seeking and Avoidance ...","https://ejhc.org/article/download/2744/2574/7720","Apr 10, 2020 ... Let us go through your daily routine together.” ... well as for emotion regulation (Brashers, 2001; Crowley et ... misinformation. Funding. There has not been any ...","US","2020-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [2510,"Covid-19 disinformation briefing no. 2 Far-right mobilisation","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Covid-Briefing-2.pdf","Apr 9, 2020 ... martial law. Covid-19 disinformation briefing No.2. Far-right mobilisation. Page 2. www.isdglobal.org. PO Box 75769 | London | SW1P 9ER | UK. Covid-19 ...","China","2020-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [2511,"Platform Regulation Done Right","https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/DSA_EDRiPositionPaper.pdf","Apr 9, 2020 ... In reality, however, regular courts in most EU countries are over- whelmed with content moderation cases from big social media platforms. That is why. EDRi ...","EU","2020-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [2512,"Measuring consumer detriment and the impact of consumer policy","https://one.oecd.org/document/DSTI/CP(2019)13/FINAL/En/pdf","Apr 9, 2020 ... EC (2016), “Impact assessment accompanying the proposed Regulation on geo-blocking”,. European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ ...","EU","2020-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [2513,"Classification of Fake News by Fine-tuning Deep Bidirectional ...","https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.13-7-2018.163973","Apr 9, 2020 ... Disinformation and misinformation which is colloquially ... Fake Real Fake Real Fake Real Score. Fine- tuned ... Law and. Human Behavior, 36(1), 68. [27] Fuller ...","EU","2020-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [2514,"Countering the health 'infodemic'","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2020/649369/EPRS_ATA(2020)649369_EN.pdf","Apr 8, 2020 ... information regarding vaccination laws in the country. ... related mis- and disinformation. ... with similar disinformation efforts also coming out of Iran and ...","China","2020-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [2515,"Data Is Dangerous: Comparing the Risks That the United States ...","https://www.cigionline.org/documents/1747/no.241%202_0.pdf","Apr 8, 2020 ... in Australia, reviewed the map and took to ... spreading misinformation: “Here is the fact — since ... https://unctad.org/en/. Pages/DTL/STI_and_ICTs/ICT4D- ...","Australia","2020-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [2516,"Desinformación y poder: la crisis de los intermediarios","https://www.cidob.org/es/content/download/75585/2432878/version/33/file/Revista%20CIDOB%20d%27Afers%20Internacionals%20124.pdf","Apr 7, 2020 ... «The Future of Truth and Misinformation On- line ... provisions of Ukraine's new draft law on disinformation». ... Australia y Estados Unidos pidieron su ...","Australia","2020-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [2517,"Misinformation and Emotions in Nigeria: The Case of COVID-19 ...","https://mitsloan.mit.edu/shared/ods/documents?PublicationDocumentID=7588","Apr 6, 2020 ... To date, research focused on the process and impact of fake news has largely been limited to the study of news headlines in the US and other western democracies ...","US","2020-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [2518,"From Commercialization to Accountability: Responsible Health Data ...","https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0040-1710392.pdf","Apr 6, 2020 ... legislation, a development that has prompted technology companies to ask Congress to pass a federal data privacy law that would preempt (or supersede) state ...","US","2020-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [2519,"Covid-19: we must keep faith in our experts","https://www.bmj.com/bmj/section-pdf/1023895?path=/bmj/369/8240/Comment.full.pdf","Apr 4, 2020 ... Misinformation is spreading along with the virus. Polarised political views, and the scars of the Brexit debate, have perhaps made some people forget the.","Australia","2020-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [2520,"What is Fake News? A Foundational Question for Developing ...","https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1088&context=democratic-communique","Apr 3, 2020 ... In the 21st century, social media manipulation has enabled regimes such as China to limit public discourses to state-sponsored fake news (“The. Facebook Dilemma ...","China","2020-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [2521,"Public Understanding and Voluntary Responsibility to Mitigate ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10105395211002656","Apr 2, 2020 ... Muhammad Zaheer Abbas, BA/ LLB (Hons)/ LLM (IIU Pakistan),. PhD (QUT Australia), is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland ...","Australia","2020-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [2522,"nfodemic and Covid-19 Misinformation","https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/23217/2/FullText.pdf","Apr 1, 2020 ... misinformation and disinformation ... https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=50271. ... existing anti-disinformation law to address the spread of ...","EU","2020-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [2523,"Reasonableness as Censorship: Algorithmic Content Moderation ...","https://administrativestate.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Armijo-Reasonableness-As-Censorship.pdf","Apr 1, 2020 ... -by-karen-kornbluh-1-and-ellen-p-goodman-2019-07 (calling for a new federal “Digital. Democracy Agency” that would regulate around issues of disinformation, ...","US","2020-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [2524,"Dispelling Misconceptions","https://www.cvsa.org/wp-content/uploads/Q2-2020-Guardian-Final.pdf","Apr 1, 2020 ... However, those of us in law enforcement are not so fortunate. I have had occasion during my career to see the consequences of people's poor decisions. I ...","US","2020-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [2525,"COVID-19 and Misinformation Social Media Analysis","https://www.rti.org/sites/default/files/covid-19_social_media_listening_2.pdf","Mar 31, 2020 ... geographic locations (China,. America, Italy) ... Misinformation around social distancing and shelter in place rules ... paracetamol/acetaminophen). 6.","China","2020-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [2526,"Double harm to voters: data-driven micro- targeting and democratic ...","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2020-1-1460.pdf","Mar 31, 2020 ... This further raises the significance of supranational regulation and supervision by EU bodies. Page 13. Double harm to voters: data-driven micro-targeting and ...","EU","2020-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [2527,"Trust and Mistrust in Australian News Media","https://research.qut.edu.au/best/wp-content/uploads/sites/244/2020/03/Trust-and-Mistrust-in-News-Media.pdf","Mar 30, 2020 ... In Australia, the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee has ... avoidance, political polarization, and the circulation of misinformation and 'fake ...","Australia","2020-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [2528,"How to Report Responsibly on Hacks and Disinformation How to ...","https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/full_report_download_-_how_to_report_responsibly_on_hacks_and_disinformation.pdf","Mar 29, 2020 ... Often, the information will be newsworthy. Expecting reporters to refrain from covering news goes against core principles of American journalism and the.","US","2020-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [2529,"Consumer Psychology and the Problem of Fine-Print Fraud","https://review.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/03/Furth-Matzkin-Sommers-72-Stan.-L.-Rev.-503.pdf","Mar 28, 2020 ... The American Law Institute's in-progress Restatement of Consumer ... systematic production of misinformation.”38 He ... Nonetheless, this experimental design ...","US","2020-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [2530,"Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45584.pdf","Mar 26, 2020 ... The EU General Data Protection Regulation. (GDPR) is driven by privacy concerns; China is focused on security. Their policies affect U.S. firms seeking to do ...","China","2020-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [2531,"KOSOVO DISINFORMATION ALERTS","https://kipred.org/repository/docs/D_-_Alert_Serbian_Media_-_March_2020-Eng.docx_864184.pdf","Mar 25, 2020 ... In its opinion, the court, led by three European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. (EULEX) judges and three Kosovar judges, concluded that the material ...","EU","2020-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [2532,"Fake News, Conceptual Engineering, and Linguistic Resistance ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/HABFNC","Mar 25, 2020 ... legislation motivated by appeals to 'fake news ... matter of the debate as 'fake news', or even 'misinformation' cuts us off from these ... fake news' as an ...","US","2020-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [2533,"Fake news, conceptual engineering, and linguistic resistance: reply ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/193989/1/HABFNCv1.pdf","Mar 25, 2020 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of ...","US","2020-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [2534,"Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital Space","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/rojaeuf20&section=5","Mar 24, 2020 ... Abstract: This paper provides an overview of current responses to fake news and digital disinformation inside and outside the EU, and assesses the advantages.","EU","2020-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [2535,"List of Known Misinformation and Disinformation Regarding Corona ...","https://www.cmu.edu/ideas-social-cybersecurity/research/misinformation-and-disinformation-4-16-2020.pdf","Mar 23, 2020 ... Police in China kill COVID-19 patients 3/2. 29. Chinese coronavirus patients are being cremated alive 2/25. 30. Hungary forcing men over 50 to quarantine in ...","China","2020-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [2536,"George W. Bush, Policy Selling and Agenda-Setting after 9/11","https://digitalcommons.montclair.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1168&context=justice-studies-facpubs","Mar 22, 2020 ... The USA Patriot Act gave law enforcement new tools to surveil Americans. And, as will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 3, CIA black sites and ...","US","2020-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [2537,"Computational Propaganda Excerpt","https://canvas.stanford.edu/files/5717559/download?download_frd=1","Mar 20, 2020 ... disseminate misinformation to harm opponents or earn click-through advertising revenue. ... Most democratic governments are preparing their legal and regulatory ...","China","2020-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [2538,"Digital Repression in Autocracies","https://www.v-dem.net/media/publications/digital-repression17mar.pdf","Mar 19, 2020 ... ... misinformation campaigns. 1See “The Great ... quicktake/great-firewall-of-china (accessed 24 February 2020). ... Internet content in accordance with existing law?","China","2020-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [2539,"Online Safety Legislative Reform Microsoft Submission Microsoft ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/submissions/consultation_on_a_new_online_safety_act_-_submission_-_microsoft.pdf","Mar 18, 2020 ... disinformation campaigns.3 Most recently ... such abuse through effective policies, legislation, regulations ... We believe the definition of “interpersonal ...","EU","2020-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [2540,"Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental ...","https://ide.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Covid-19%20fake%20news%20ms_psyarxiv.pdf","Mar 17, 2020 ... a biological weapon in China to claims that coconut oil kills the virus. ... Misconceptions, Misinformation, and the ... Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1), 99–113 ...","China","2020-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [2541,"EU action plan against disinformation","https://www.eca.europa.eu/lists/ecadocuments/ap20_04/ap_disinformation_en.pdf","Mar 17, 2020 ... sexual abuse material), disinformation covers content that is legal. It therefore intersects with fundamental core European Union (EU) values of freedom of.","EU","2020-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [2542,"Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0961000620949653","Mar 17, 2020 ... Rieh SY (2002) Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the Web. Journal of the American Society for. Information Science and Technology 53(2): ...","US","2020-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [2543,"It's Not Just the Content, It's the Business Model: Democracy's ...","https://rankingdigitalrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Its_Not_Just_the_Content_Its_the_Business_Model-2020-03.pdf","Mar 16, 2020 ... Strong privacy legislation will be a key first step towards curbing the spread of extremism and disinformation, by placing limits on whether and how vast ...","EU","2020-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [2544,"Defamation in International Law: The Legal Implications of Trump ...","https://cornellilj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Monti-Srinivas-online-final.pdf","Mar 15, 2020 ... Not by anarchists, not. Antifa, not rioters, not looters, not globalists, not ISIS, not China, not even a Chinese virus will destroy. America . If all else ...","China","2020-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [2545,"The impact of fake news on the real estate market","https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/picbe-2020-0030","Mar 15, 2020 ... Only 26% of the Eu citizens consider that they can trust the information they receive on social media while 85% are considering fake news as a major challenge ...","EU","2020-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [2546,"A process view of crisis misinformation: How public relations ...","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/209108/1/76414807.pdf","Mar 15, 2020 ... ... misinformation, fake ... Finally, if some clients lack the capacity to respond, they could wait and examine if self- regulation occurred. ... Australia, and ...","Australia","2020-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [2547,"Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1075547020959670","Mar 15, 2020 ... Abstract. We examined the implications of exposure to misinformation about. COVID-19 in the United States, South Korea, and Singapore in the early stages.","US","2020-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [2548,"Linguistic drivers of misinformation diffusion on social media during ...","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/28485364/Domenico2021_Article_LinguisticDriversOfMisinformat.pdf","Mar 15, 2020 ... In fact, by considering only the tweets which have been retweeted, the Poisson model allows us to answer to the second research question, i.e. which are the ...","US","2020-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [2549,"MISLEADING MEMES","http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/paco/article/viewFile/21985/18557","Mar 15, 2020 ... surge in research on phenomena such as fake news, misinformation, disinformation and ... Law) is to be recognised in British Law.” As ... eu/10.1111/j.0092- ...","EU","2020-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [2550,"It Might Become True: How Prefactual Thinking Licenses Dishonesty","https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp-pspa0000308.pdf","Mar 15, 2020 ... These moral judgments of misinformation are important. ... goods sold in America,” or “the U.S. ... Over 25% of legal gun owners in the. U.S. will purchase firearms ...","US","2020-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [2551,"Conflict of Laws in Multistate Fraud and Deceit","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4686&context=vlr","Mar 13, 2020 ... 208 (U.S. 1854) ; Smyth Sales, Inc. ... That misinformation was given in Vermont. Whether ... It suffices at present, however, to observe that the place-of-injury.","US","2020-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [2552,"Key considerations: online information, mis- and disinformation in ...","https://www.socialscienceinaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SSHAP-Brief.Online-Information.COVID-19.pdf","Mar 12, 2020 ... Misinformation/disinformation ... Outside China, Facebook continues to have the ... passed new legislation making the spread of misinformation about COVID-19 a ...","China","2020-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [2553,"Fighting COVID-19 misinformation on social media: Experimental ...","https://osf.io/uhbk9/download","Mar 12, 2020 ... In the case of COVID-19, this misinformation comes in many forms – from conspiracy theories about the virus being created as a biological weapon in China to ...","China","2020-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [2554,"Defamation Law in the Internet Age","https://www.lco-cdo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Defamation-Final-Report-Eng-FINAL.pdf","Mar 12, 2020 ... ... EU law, UK case law and, recently, the subject of ... regulatory approach to disinformation on social media platforms. ... In an online world characterized by ...","EU","2020-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [2555,"Section G: The Role of the ICO and Redress","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5e6a294986650c7273637746/G_-_ICO_and_Redress.pdf","Mar 12, 2020 ... Enterprise Act 2002​; ​Network and Information System Regulations 2018;​ Regulation (EU) 910/2014 as it has ... disinformation and 'fake news' , including ...","EU","2020-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [2556,"The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf","Mar 11, 2020 ... In China, there are no privacy or data protection laws, such as the new GDPR rules in Europe. As China could soon become the world leader in AI, this means it ...","China","2020-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [2557,"Science denial and medical misinformation in pandemic times: A ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1477370820988832","Mar 11, 2020 ... ing in viral deception ('fake news') and misinformation about science. ... Crime Law & Social Change 48(1–2): 27–41. Peruzzi ... Media International Australia 145: ...","Australia","2020-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [2558,"Social Media Reigned by Information or Misinformation about ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/e63397d8-8128-4b4b-960d-c2120bf32dce-MECA.pdf?abstractid=3596058&mirid=1","Mar 11, 2020 ... of us are otherwise isolated from one another. ... has proceeded in individual, cultural, social, legal, economic, and political consequences ... to remove fake ...","US","2020-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [2559,"The 'geopolitical' European Commission and its pitfalls Policy Brief","https://www.hertie-school.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Policy_Brief_Nicole_geopolitical_commission.pdf","Mar 9, 2020 ... powers to act ... Countering disinformation and fake information ... As mentioned above, the Commission's abili- ty to act on behalf of the EU is limited and ...","EU","2020-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [2560,"Misleading Tobacco Content is on the Rise on YouTube","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/FORMATTED_tabaccomisinfo_March9__zr-1.pdf","Mar 9, 2020 ... What is the nature of misinformation about tobacco products on the video-sharing platform YouTube, and has viewership of such content, especially regarding the ...","Australia","2020-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [2561,"INFORMATION SHARING BEST PRACTICES","https://h-isac.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/H-ISAC-Information-Sharing-Best-Practices-March-2020.pdf","Mar 9, 2020 ... The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a US law that provides the public the right to request access to records from any US federal agency. FOIA does not ...","US","2020-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [2562,"Presumed Effects of “Fake News” on the Global Warming Discussion ...","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/sustainability/sustainability-12-02123/article_deploy/sustainability-12-02123-v2.pdf?version=1583935463","Mar 9, 2020 ... Moreover, respondents in Asian countries support regulation for fake news on global warming than those in Western countries did. Comparisons between US citizens ...","US","2020-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [2563,"HEALTH FRAUDS AND QUACKERY","https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/casewatch/hearings/fq_64-3.pdf","Mar 7, 2020 ... ... us and quoting us ... G Notices of Judgment Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, No. ... laws now operating to protect the public from misinformation and ...","US","2020-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [2564,"Motivations for Sharing Misinformation: A Comparative Study in Six ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/14801/3378","Mar 6, 2020 ... legislation to limit “fake news,” even if it may ... For some, the blue check meant the story, a hoax about plastic rice produced in China, was potentially true.","China","2020-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [2565,"Relationality: an alternative framework for analysing policy","https://scholar.archive.org/work/h6h2fppdfrae5lkbikogh54ani/access/wayback/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/04E5FF030F070D955802CCCC90CB3909/S0143814X20000057a.pdf/div-class-title-relationality-an-alternative-framework-for-analysing-policy-div.pdf","Mar 6, 2020 ... Rather than categorising these as policy anoma- lies ... rules-as-practiced, other scholars are increasingly ... Protection Law in China (Johnson 2011). The ...","China","2020-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [2566,"Anatomy of a Disinformation Empire: Investigating NaturalNews","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/20211013-ISDG-NaturalNews-Briefing.pdf","Mar 6, 2020 ... It is also important to note that the New Black Panther Party is recognised as an extremist organisation by the Southern Poverty. Law Center (SPLC). • The ...","China","2020-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [2567,"Complex ecologies of trust in data practices and data-driven systems","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1748090","Mar 6, 2020 ... media platforms; discriminatory data-driven systems; misinformation and so-called fake ... EU General Data Protection Regulation) when it came into force half way ...","EU","2020-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [2568,"Blurred Shots: Investigating the Information Crisis Around ...","http://www.nicolarighetti.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Blurred-Shots-Investigating-the-Information-Crisis-Around-Vaccination-in-Italy.pdf","Mar 6, 2020 ... law on vaccinations, a decision that was ... Health who underlined the need to counter the spreading of misinformation at EU level. ... Fake news and online ...","EU","2020-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [2569,"Viral Lies: Misinformation and the Coronavirus | Article 19","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Coronavirus-briefing.pdf","Mar 5, 2020 ... The spread of the virus has been matched by the proliferation of misinformation and. 'hate speech' directed at individuals of Chinese or Asian descent. Freedom ...","China","2020-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [2570,"Populist Attitudes and Selective Exposure to Online News: A Cross ...","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/83559/ssoar-ijpp-2020-3-stier_et_al-Populist_Attitudes_and_Selective_Exposure.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Mar 5, 2020 ... ... EU GDPR (General Data. Protection Regulation) regulations.4 The company is ... “Fighting Misinformation on Social Media. Using Crowdsourced Judgments of News ...","EU","2020-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [2571,"Disinformation Legislation and Freedom of Expression","https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1437&context=ucilr","Mar 4, 2020 ... 12, 2018), available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital- single-market/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-online-disinformation. [ https ...","EU","2020-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [2572,"Vaccine confidence: the keys to restoring trust","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645515.2020.1740559","Mar 4, 2020 ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM% · 3A2018%3A245%3AFIN. 1014. S. BADUR ET AL. Page 9. 23. World Health Organization. Ten threats to ...","EU","2020-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [2573,"Accelerate Change or Lose: The Information War","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/AEtherJournal/Journals/Volume-1_Issue-1/12_Guttieri.pdf","Mar 4, 2020 ... Anthology on Fake News, Political Warfare, and Combatting the Spread of Misinformation, ed. ... Linebaugh, Huawei and US Law, R46693 (Washington, DC: Con-.","EU","2020-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [2574,"Navigating the rising tide of uncertainty","https://www.pwccn.com/en/research-and-insights/ceo23/23rd-annual-global-ceo-survey-china-report-en.pdf","Mar 3, 2020 ... Mainland. Chinese CEOs cited misinformation. (e.g. ... China and globally is over-regulation. This year ... China has recently released new rules governing ...","China","2020-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [2575,"The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation: Briefing Note for the ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pamment_-_EU_Code_of_Practice.pdf","Mar 3, 2020 ... 26 Member states also use their own preferred terminologies, some of which provide the basis for national regulation and legislation. Page 12. CARNEGIE ...","China","2020-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [2576,"cepStudy Liability for illegal content online","https://www.cep.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/hayek-stiftung.de/cepStudy_Liability_for_illegal_content_online.pdf","Mar 3, 2020 ... thus not restricted –, as well as disinformation including “fake news” – which may hamper the ability ... Regulation (EU) 2019/114884 repeals Regulation (EU) No.","EU","2020-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [2577,"Viral Lies: Misinformation and the Coronavirus March 2020","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Coronavirus-final.pdf","Mar 2, 2020 ... Viral Lies: Misinformation and the ... China in December 2019. As of 6. March 2020 ... human rights law, some states have also spread disinformation and propaganda ...","China","2020-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [2578,"Hungary: a lesson in media control","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0956474820910071","Mar 1, 2020 ... Governments from The Philippines to Australia to Uganda are ratcheting up legal pressure on the press through politicised prosecutions and raids on media houses ...","EU","2020-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [2579,"Text Similarity Using Word Embeddings to Classify Misinformation","https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2607/short4.pdf","Mar 2, 2020 ... Similarity · Misinformation ... Check has been used, for example, during the US elections in 2016, France elections ... The psychology of judgment and decision ...","US","2020-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [2580,"Supporting Early and Scalable Discovery of Disinformation Websites","https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jordanah/publication/2020-arxiv-disinfo/2020-arxiv-disinfo.pdf","Feb 28, 2020 ... We show that automation can support scalable human judgment for online disinformation, much like recent ... Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European ...","EU","2020-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [2581,"Broadcasting Paradox? A Study of Content Diversity and Ownership ...","https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstreams/59627a58-3e62-5a20-9a50-1b35ad35d589/download","Feb 28, 2020 ... With this law and regulatory body, media pluralism has ... be understood beyond the analysis of distortion, misinformation, or one-sidedness. ... Australia. Journal ...","Australia","2020-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [2582,"Algorithmic content moderation: Technical and political challenges ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951719897945","Feb 27, 2020 ... solutions to difficult platform governance puzzles such as hate speech and misinformation ... discrimination law (e.g. gender, race, religion, disabili-.","EU","2020-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [2583,"Australian Business Growth Fund - Competitve Neutrality Complaint","https://www.pc.gov.au/competitive-neutrality/investigations/australian-business-growth-fund/australian-business-growth-fund-complaint.pdf","Feb 27, 2020 ... The ABGF shareholders have chosen not to seek ACCC approval, despite, over the course of the 2½ years prior to the signing of shareholders agreement: • We met ...","Australia","2020-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [2584,"Black Summer Australian newspaper reporting of the nation's worst ...","https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2121111/Black-Summer-Australian-newspaper-reporting-of-the-nations-worst-bushfire-season.pdf","Feb 26, 2020 ... Ella Finnin and the Australian Science Media Centre. Australian copyright law applies. For permission to reproduce any part of this report please contact ...","Australia","2020-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [2585,"Studying the Effects of Cognitive Biases in Evaluation of ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07927","Feb 26, 2020 ... A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality. American psychologist 58, 9 (2003), 697. [29] Daniel Kahneman. 2016. 36 Heuristics and Biases ...","Australia","2020-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [2586,"O fenômeno das fake news: denição, combate e contexto","https://revista.internetlab.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/o-fenomeno-das-fake-news-definicao-combate-e-contexto.pdf","Feb 23, 2020 ... and misinformation. In order to do that, the article ... Eu não tenho controle se tem empresário simpático ... Fake news: a legal perspective. Internet Law 20 ...","EU","2020-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [2587,"Response to Wolf et al.: Furthering Debate over the Suitability of ...","https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=aw_comp_globalcats_managementtnr","Feb 23, 2020 ... There is agreement that Australia has a problem with stray cats, causing problems of impacts on wildlife, nuisance, disease transmission (including public ...","Australia","2020-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [2588,"Climate Change Skepticism and Denial: An Introduction","https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Dunlap.ABS_.Intro_.2013.pdf","Feb 22, 2020 ... From the outset, there has been an organized “disinformation” ... Cornell Law Review, 94,. 1153-1234. Leiserowitz, A ... Weber, E. U. (2010). What shapes ...","EU","2020-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [2589,"FRAUDS AND QUACKERY AFFECTING THE OLDER CITIZEN ...","https://quackwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/casewatch/hearings/fq_63-1.pdf","Feb 22, 2020 ... disseminating misinformation. And on the second ... medical service, law, legislative, medical ethics, legal medicine, and a Wash- ... sheep In Australia a tew ...","Australia","2020-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [2590,"The Implied Truth Effect: Attaching Warnings to a Subset of Fake ...","https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/pdf/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3478","Feb 21, 2020 ... History: Accepted by Elke Weber, judgment ... the 2016 U.S. presidential election (Lazer et al. ... Pennycook G, Rand DG (2019a) Fighting misinformation on social.","US","2020-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [2591,"Persuade or Perish: Addressing Gaps in the U.S. Posture to ...","https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs5746/files/Ingram%20Persuade%20or%20Perish.pdf","Feb 19, 2020 ... propaganda and disinformation threats 68 that included amendments to legislation ... China Uses Twitter and Facebook to Share Disinformation About Hong Kong',.","China","2020-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [2592,"'Propaganda Fights' and 'Disinformation Campaigns': The Discourse ...","https://kar.kent.ac.uk/80661/1/AM.pdf","Feb 18, 2020 ... Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (NATO, 2018), and the European Union (EU) (EPRS,. 2015). Beyond the Ukrainian conflict, elections among others in the ...","EU","2020-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [2593,"Combatting deepfakes: Policies to address national security threats ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09581.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3yRHZL1zk7nw5fCLZT1QrWzlrGb1L2UxtGtPkRsq4fLYImV4UaCpor9LU;","Feb 19, 2020 ... Deepfakes usually involve sexual imagery, fraud, and misinformation. ... Importantly, the Online Safety Act places legal ... In the US, there are no federal laws ...","US","2020-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [2594,"Online Content Regulation","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Charting-A-Way-Forward_Online-Content-Regulation-White-Paper-1.pdf","Feb 17, 2020 ... Laws vary even more in areas such as hate speech, harassment, or misinformation. Many governments are grappling with how to approach the spread of ...","EU","2020-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [2595,"Partisanship, Propaganda and Post-Truth Politics: Quantifying ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01752","Feb 17, 2020 ... ... EU member- ship referendum (“Brexit”); and (ii) ... has focused primarily on misinformation and fake news dur-.","EU","2020-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [2596,"Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: a case ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/2ouojgjnifds5fbfaa65pomffe/access/wayback/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13032917.2020.1730621?needAccess=true","Feb 16, 2020 ... undue stress upon Chinese individuals living outside China ... individuals of Chinese descent outside mainland China. ... His current research lies in Human Rights ...","China","2020-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [2597,"HATE SPEECH, INFORMATION DISORDER, AND CONFLICT","https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/the-field-of-disinformation-democratic-processes-and-conflict-prevention-a-scan-of-the-literature.pdf","Feb 15, 2020 ... Legal and regulatory studies have been concerned with defining ... “Wenming Bu Wenming: The. Socialization of Incivility in Postdigital China ... “Misinformation, ...","China","2020-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [2598,"Investigating Algorithmic Misconceptions in a Media Context: Source ...","https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/download/4090/2370","Feb 15, 2020 ... ing misinformation or contributing to algorithmic biases. ... Deep fakes: A looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national secu‐ rity. California Law ...","EU","2020-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [2599,"APA Resolution on Opposing Discriminatory Laws, Policies, and ...","https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-opposing-discriminatory-laws.pdf","Feb 15, 2020 ... As of 2019, there is no federal legislation signed into law in the United States that clearly ... misinformation. This misinformation occurs with ... New York, NY, ...","US","2020-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [2600,"FAKE NEWS, FREE SPEECH AND FINDING CONSTITUTIONAL ...","https://journalsonline.academypublishing.org.sg/Journals/Singapore-Academy-of-Law-Journal/Current-Issue/ctl/eFirstSALPDFJournalView/mid/494/ArticleId/1496/Citation/JournalsOnlinePDF","Feb 14, 2020 ... misinformation.21 Despite assurances by the Law ... ahead for the regulation of fake news in Singapore. ... ” South China Morning Post (20 April 2018). 100 ...","China","2020-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [2601,"Combatting deepfakes: Policies to address national security threats ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.09581","Feb 14, 2020 ... Deepfakes usually involve sexual imagery, fraud, and misinformation. ... “I urge you to consider legislation and regulation to address the misuse of deepfake ...","EU","2020-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [2602,"Artificially Intelligent and Free to Monopolize: A New Threat to ...","https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1994&context=auilr","Feb 13, 2020 ... cartels-laws-and-regulations/china#chaptercontent3 (last visited Jan. 20, 2019). 122. See generally Memorandum of Understanding on Antitrust Cooperation.","China","2020-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [2603,"The Law and Science of Climate Change Attribution","https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-m3bf-q485/download","Feb 13, 2020 ... T-330/18 (EU General Court 2018), http ... Law: Tort Law as a Risk Regulation Mechanism, 9 EUR. J. RISK. REG. 48 ... warming/fight-misinformation/climate ...","EU","2020-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [2604,"Inquiry into the risk posed to Australia's democracy by foreign ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=3a2dc285-6e8a-47e0-82f8-1fc48a271b49&subId=679566","Feb 13, 2020 ... international policy responses to cyber-enabled foreign interference and misinformation; d. the extent of compliance with Australian laws; and e. any related ...","Australia","2020-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [2605,"Online Harms White Paper - Initial consultation response","https://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2020-0111/Online_Harms_White_Paper-Initial_consultation_response.pdf","Feb 12, 2020 ... ... EU's General Data Protection. Regulation (GDPR). Should the regulator have the power to require a company based outside the. UK or EEA to appoint a nominated ...","EU","2020-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [2606,"A Policy Maker's Guide to Artificial Intelligence for State and Local ...","https://www.cmu.edu/block-center/files/andes-whitepaper-policymakers-guide.pdf","Feb 12, 2020 ... ... misinformation. This paper dives deeper into ... Instead of creating a new AI regulatory agency, the federal government should update the regulatory framework of ...","US","2020-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [2607,"Tools of Explicit Propaganda: Cognitive Underpinnings","https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojml_2020020715172609.pdf","Feb 10, 2020 ... In the research, I will use the corpus of 600 explicit propaganda narratives that render fake news about Ukraine registered and enlisted by the web site EU ver-.","EU","2020-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [2608,"Examining Reverse Gender Discrimination Claims Brought Under ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4671&context=wlulr","Feb 10, 2020 ... See, e.g., Sander, supra note 7 (“Meant to prohibit sex discrimination at institutions that receive federal funds, the law requires colleges to investigate and.","US","2020-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [2609,"Self-reported willingness to share political news articles in online ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=printable&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228882","Feb 10, 2020 ... For example, studies on fake news and misinformation have pre- sented individuals with news headlines and asked online participants to indicate if they ...","US","2020-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [2610,"Beyond Trolling: Malware-Induced Misperception Attacks on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.03885","Feb 10, 2020 ... prior to the US presidential election with rumors, fake news, ... to quickly cross the deception judgment threshold. ... platform for tracking online misinformation ...","US","2020-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [2611,"ANTITRUST IN ATTENTION MARKETS: OBJECTIONS AND ...","https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2888&context=lawreview","Feb 9, 2020 ... Cherry provided excellent research assistance. Page 3. 744. SANTA CLARA LAW REVIEW. [Vol:59. 1.","China","2020-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [2612,"Distributing Liability The legal and political battles of Y2K","https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/103330/1/Annals_Final_Mulvin.pdf","Feb 9, 2020 ... alarm and a product of hysteria and misinformation. ... Lawrence Friedman argues that one of the grand changes in 20th century American society and, with it, ...","US","2020-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [2613,"Fake News Flags, Cognitive Dissonance, and the Believability of ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/301383848.pdf","Feb 8, 2020 ... as fact-checking or editorial judgment (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017). ... US politicians (Kessler 2019). The rating ... to compare three different fake news flags ...","US","2020-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [2614,"Legal Alert","https://www.bakermckenzie.com/-/media/files/insight/publications/2020/02/coronavirus-crisis-management-through-force-majeure.pdf","Feb 7, 2020 ... In civil law systems such as Taiwan (Thailand,. Japan, China and others), as described above, the Civil Code provides protection under certain circumstances ...","China","2020-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [2615,"Monitoring Misuse for Accountable'Artificial Intelligence as a Service'","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3375627.3375873","Feb 7, 2020 ... tutorials, raising risks that it will be used to spread misinformation, ... Note, however, that in some jurisdictions, including the EU ... Regulation (EU) 2016/679 ...","EU","2020-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [2616,"Responding to Sexual Assault (adult and child) Policy and Procedures","https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/PD2020_006.pdf","Feb 7, 2020 ... they turn 18 years of age (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2010). ... misinformation — A resource for NSW. Health ... Australia: Additional analysis of the ...","Australia","2020-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [2617,"Physical Injury and the Misrepresentation Exception of the Federal ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=wlr","Feb 7, 2020 ... United States, 350 U.S. 61 (1955) which held cognizable a Torts Act ... misinformation as to flooding on the Kansas River. ... of his judgment. (Emphasis added ...","US","2020-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [2618,"From Syndication to Misinformation: How Undergraduate Students ...","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1242145.pdf","Feb 7, 2020 ... They found that students mainly based their evaluation on the sources in the article, previous experience, and bias judgment. Students in the study were given a ...","US","2020-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [2619,"Democratic Audit: Deliberative democracy could be used to combat ...","http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/107843/1/dit_com_2020_02_06_deliberative_democracy_could_be_used_to_combat.pdf","Feb 6, 2020 ... pre-existing political beliefs) that makes us susceptible to misinformation. ... Cass · Sunstein describes a law ... regulations of misinformation, but it is.","US","2020-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [2620,"MEDIA FREEDOM, REGULATION AND TRUST","https://rm.coe.int/cyprus-2020-new-media/16809a524f","Feb 5, 2020 ... embark on regulatory reforms. 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW. In response to problems such as online disinformation, hate speech and electoral interference, ...","China","2020-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [2621,"The Law and Science of Climate Change Attribution","https://climate.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/docs/The%20Law%20and%20Science%20of%20Climate%20Change%20Attribution_Burger%2C%20Wentz%20%26%20Horton.pdf","Feb 5, 2020 ... T-330/18 (EU General Court 2018), http ... Law: Tort Law as a Risk Regulation Mechanism, 9 EUR. J. RISK. REG. 48 ... warming/fight-misinformation/climate ...","EU","2020-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [2622,"ANTI-CORRUPTION NEWSLETTER","https://seldi.net/fileadmin/public/PDF/Newsletter/SELDI_anti-corruption-newsletter-49.pdf","Feb 5, 2020 ... ruption legislation and regulation. Participants ... At the height of disinformation dissemination, jour-.","EU","2020-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [2623,"A working framework for research-informed legislation prohibiting ...","https://www.irp.wisc.edu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/W62-Slides-A-Working-Framework.pdf","Feb 5, 2020 ... legislation. (Zinsser et al., 2019). Recommendation ... reported misinformation about the law. ○ about ... U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.","US","2020-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [2624,"Fighting Fake News during Disasters","http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~kylehunt/ORMS%20Today%20(preprint).pdf","Feb 4, 2020 ... misinformation that spreads during crisis events. ... This act of terrorism led to a panic throughout Boston, and law enforcement ... U.S. Air Force Office of ...","US","2020-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [2625,"The Role of Education in Taming Authoritarian Attitudes","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED609008.pdf","Feb 3, 2020 ... The enduring and challenging questions faculty, researchers, and students all wrestle with include: How much freedom do we really have? Do we decide and act.","EU","2020-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [2626,"Does the Internet Erode Trust in Media? A Comparative Study in 46 ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/14552/3277","Feb 3, 2020 ... On the Internet, a lack of journalistic norms and professional pressures leads to prevalence of misinformation and rumors, jeopardizing the credibility of ...","Australia","2020-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [2627,"The Press, National Security, and Civil Discourse: How a Federal ...","https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=lawreview","Feb 2, 2020 ... Finally, this Comment argues that a federal shield law is necessary to combat the re- cent national security concerns raised by “fake news” and thereby reaffirm.","China","2020-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [2628,"Mis- and disinformation in a bounded confidence model","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0004370220301648","Feb 2, 2020 ... disinformation; misinformation; non-truthfulness. ... legislation that might help combat mis- and ... to convert us to their opinion or at least divert us from the ...","US","2020-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [2629,"Tracking Disinformation | IPPR","https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Tracking-Disinformation-web.pdf","Feb 1, 2020 ... That access to information be formalised by the enactment and installation of an enforceable legal and regulatory framework;. • That, if social media regulation ...","China","2020-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [2630,"Case Studies in Population Policy","https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/files/documents/2020/Jan/un_1989_case_studies_in_population_policy_-_china.pdf","Jan 31, 2020 ... launch publicity campaigns to inform women of their legal rights. ... China Population Newsletter (1985), vol. 2, No. 1 ... defence, science and technology) lies ...","China","2020-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [2631,"Free Speech Has Gotten Very Expensive: Rethinking Political ...","https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7170&context=lawreview","Jan 31, 2020 ... Associate Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law. ... misinformation to the detriment of a healthy democracy. ... this approach has caused in the ...","EU","2020-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [2632,"Misrepresentation and the Liability of Universities","http://erpjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ERPV33-1_Katter-N.-2006.-Misrepresentation-and-the-liability-of-universities.pdf","Jan 31, 2020 ... ?' (1985) 1 Qld Institute of Technology LJ 85; P Williams 'Suing for Negligent. Teaching: An Australian Perspective' (1996) 25 Journal of Law and Education 281; ...","Australia","2020-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [2633,"Fake News and Cyberbullying in the Modern Era","https://saedr.github.io/papers/Fake_News.pdf","Jan 30, 2020 ... United States, and cyberbullies and fake news generators have ... Federal law: The Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention ... deliberate misinformation (fake news and ...","US","2020-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [2634,"Regulating AI and Machine Learning: Setting the Regulatory Agenda","https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/102953/4/722_3282_1_PB.pdf","Jan 29, 2020 ... ... Disinformation and 'fake news':. Final Report\" HC ... Black, 'Decentring Regulation: Understanding Regulation and Self-Regulation in a 'Post-Regulatory' ... [81] ...","EU","2020-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [2635,"Attribution and Other Conditions of Lawful Countermeasures to ...","https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1112&context=ndjicl","Jan 29, 2020 ... and International Law, JUST SECURITY (June 24, 2019), https://www.justsecurity.org/64669/top-expert- backgrounder-on-aborted-u-s-strike-and-cyber-operation- ...","US","2020-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [2636,"America's uneven approach to AI and its consequences","https://www2.gwu.edu/~iiep/assets/docs/papers/2020WP/AaronsonIIEP2020-7.pdf","Jan 28, 2020 ... I argue that while Chinese in- novation may reduce America's lead, it also invigorates American researchers. Trump administration steps that could promote AI as ...","China","2020-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [2637,"Resilience to Online Disinformation: A Framework for Cross ...","https://www.zora.uzh.ch/182652/1/Humprecht_et_al_2020.pdf","Jan 28, 2020 ... The campaigns for the 2016 U.S. presidential election and the U.K. vote to leave the. European Union (“Brexit”) have increased the discussion about the ...","EU","2020-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [2638,"PROTECTING ELECTORAL INTEGRITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE","https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/app/uploads/2020/05/85ef4e5d-kaf-kacedda-report_2020_english.pdf","Jan 20, 2020 ... accessible to citizens, building trust in their judgment, and successfully discrediting egregious examples of disinformation. ... addressed misinformation in five ...","China","2020-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [2639,"Propagandization of Relative Gratification: How Chinese State ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2023.2207492","Jan 20, 2020 ... ... China. ABSTRACT. While many previous studies have investigated propaganda in con- nection with misinformation, disinformation, or “fake news” cam- paigns ...","China","2020-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [2640,"Global Policy Perspective Report Cyberdiplomacy","https://www.ieeiweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Cyberdiplomacy_enero.pdf","Jan 20, 2020 ... A constructivist approach to international law, which recognises that the motivation for state and non-state actors to obey international laws lies in a ...","China","2020-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [2641,"GLOBAL POLICY PERSPECTIVE REPORT Techplomacy and the ...","https://www.ieeiweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Techplomacy-and-the-Tech-Ambassador.pdf","Jan 20, 2020 ... host government in discussions about regulatory issues and international law. (particularly relevant in EU countries); engaging with the commercial and.","EU","2020-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [2642,"News in Australia—Impartiality and commercial influence","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-01/News%20in%20Australia_Impartiality%20and%20commercial%20influence_Review%20of%20literature%20and%20research.pdf","Jan 19, 2020 ... 2018, 'Why do people share fake news? A sociotechnical model of media effects', Georgetown. Law Technology Review, vol. 2, pp. 478-512. McKewon, E ...","EU","2020-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [2643,"Inequality, Information Failures, and Air Pollution","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26682/w26682.pdf","Jan 19, 2020 ... The Ef- fects of Gasoline Content Regulation on Air Quality.” American Economic Review,. 101: 2687–2722. Bakkensen, Laura A., and Lala Ma. 2020. “Sorting over ...","US","2020-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [2644,"Interrogation Questions about Hypothetical Evidence May Inflate ...","https://osf.io/g2fjp/download","Jan 20, 2020 ... ... USA. Part of this project was funded by an American Psychology – Law Society (APA Div 41). Early Career Researcher Grant-in-Aid to the first author. ***This ...","US","2020-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [2645,"Curbing Deception: A world survey on legal regulation of so-called ...","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/SexualOrientation/IESOGI/CSOsAJ/ILGA_World_Curbing_Deception_world_survey_legal_restrictions_conversion_therapy.pdf","Jan 17, 2020 ... misinformation about sexual orientation can still ... In Europe, legal restrictions currently in force ... European Parliament, Situation of fundamental rights in ...","EU","2020-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [2646,"WEB OF LIES: HATE SPEECH, PSEUDONYMS, THE INTERNET ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4393206_code5790332.pdf?abstractid=4393206&mirid=1","Jan 17, 2020 ... Every U.S. citizen is a member of some protected class and is entitled to the benefits of [Equal. Employment Opportunity (EEO)] law. However, the EEO laws were.","US","2020-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [2647,"Why is YouTube Broadcasting Climate Misinformation to Millions?","https://avaazimages.avaaz.org/youtube_climate_misinformation_report.pdf","Jan 15, 2020 ... Now is the time for YouTube to act more systematically and more urgently to implement solutions, like the recommendations described above, to ensure this new ...","EU","2020-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [2648,"Cross-Platform Multimodal Misinformation: Taxonomy ...","https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/19323/19095/23336","Jan 15, 2020 ... Moreover, collecting data from platforms with di- verse properties and characteristics helped us uncover similarities and differences in how post and video ...","US","2020-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [2649,"Nudge Effect of Fact-Check Alerts: Source Influence and Media ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305119897322","Jan 15, 2020 ... ... us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Social Media + ... misinformation on social media. ... singapore-politics-fakenews-factbox/factbox-fake-news-laws- · around-the-world- ...","US","2020-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [2650,"Dispute Resolution and Content Moderation: Fair, Accountable ...","https://cdn.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Dispute_Resolution_TWG_Tworek_Jan_2020.pdf","Jan 14, 2020 ... Alternatively, government or regulators can approve codes of conduct, for example with the EU's Business-to-Platform Regulation, which regulates disputes ...","EU","2020-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [2651,"Emphasizing publishers does not effectively reduce susceptibility to ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/V2_researcharticle_publishers_jan29.pdf","Jan 14, 2020 ... As in previous research on fake news (e.g. Bronstein et al., 2019; Pennycook et al., in press; Pennycook. & Rand, 2019b,c), our primary dependent measures were ...","US","2020-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [2652,"Answering impossible questions: Content governance in age of ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37367227/bowers_content_governance_disinformation_20200114.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 14, 2020 ... Authors: John Bowers (1), Jonathan Zittrain (1). Affiliations: (1) Harvard Law School, USA. How to cite: Bowers, J., & Zittrain, J. (2020). Answering ...","US","2020-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [2653,"“Fake news” may have limited effects beyond increasing beliefs in ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/guess_fake_news_limited_effects_20200114.pdf","Jan 14, 2020 ... Does news from untrustworthy websites (“fake news”) influence political attitudes and beliefs? • What can observational and experimental data tell us about the ...","US","2020-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [2654,"The Evolution of “Rumor”","https://www.scirp.org/pdf/oalibj_2020011411585447.pdf","Jan 14, 2020 ... subjective judgment, with some partially real ... lies, deceptiveness, hearsay and the like. In Xunzi ... Zhonghua Book Company, Shanghai,. China, 219. [8] ...","China","2020-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [2655,"Monitoring Misuse for Accountable`Artificial Intelligence as a Service'","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.09723","Jan 14, 2020 ... tutorials, raising risks that it will be used to spread misinformation, ... However, the Court's case law is ... Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament.","EU","2020-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [2656,"Fake news or true lies? Reflections about problematic contents in ...","https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150515/1/Fake%20news%20or%20true%20lies.pdf","Jan 13, 2020 ... First Amendment Law Review, 16, 232. Marwick, A. E. (2018). Why do people share fake news? A sociotechnical model of media effects. Georgetown. Law Technology ...","US","2020-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [2657,"Fake news or true lies? Reflections about problematic contents in ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1470785320934719","Jan 13, 2020 ... First Amendment Law Review, 16, 232. Marwick, A. E. (2018). Why do people share fake news? A sociotechnical model of media effects. Georgetown. Law Technology ...","US","2020-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [2658,"Russian Twitter disinformation campaigns reach across the ...","https://doras.dcu.ie/24154/1/FORMATTED_freelon_audiences_jan11.pdf","Jan 14, 2020 ... Russian Twitter disinformation campaigns reach across the American political spectrum, The Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, Volume 1, Issue 1.","US","2020-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [2659,"MEDIA STUDIES AND APPLIED ETHICS","https://izdanja.filfak.ni.ac.rs/casopisi/2021/download/3726_92bfc6f9e577445c2a5c2db663a05a9c","Jan 13, 2020 ... fake news actually represents misinformation ... the letter of the law and the spirit of the law ... adopt the media/communication regulations, which must be ...","EU","2020-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [2660,"Defending Election Integrity in Taiwan","https://www.tca.org.tw/files/Facebook%20Taiwan%20Election%20Report%20ENG.pdf","Jan 11, 2020 ... Co-led the Industry Code of Practices for Misinformation Self-Regulation. Made political ads transparency tool available in Taiwan. July 2019. Conducted civic ...","China","2020-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [2661,"The First Casualty: Truth, Lies and Commercial Opportunism in ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43307286","Jan 11, 2020 ... The First Casualty: Truth , Lies and Commercial ... Yantai treaty port and the nearby areas] let off more fi ... the North China Herald and North China Daily News.","China","2020-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [2662,"Inauthentic Behavior in Online & Digital Systems","https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/2021-09/Inauthentic%20Behavior%20in%20Online%20and%20Digital%20Systems_University%20of%20Chicago_Nov%202020_Final.pdf","Jan 11, 2020 ... Inauthentic Behavior (IB) is naturally situated at the intersection of several disciplinary boundaries: computer engineering, education, law and regulation, ...","EU","2020-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [2663,"Post-regulation effect on factors driving environmental disclosures ...","https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/32120/3/Yekini_Post-regulation_effect_factors_driving_environmental_disclosures.pdf","Jan 10, 2020 ... The new government regulations in China among other things therefore, placed a lot of pressure on Chinese listed companies to disclose environmental information ...","China","2020-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [2664,"REGULATING THE SPREAD OF FALSE CONTENT ONLINE IN ...","https://www.ijbs.unimas.my/images/repository/pdf/Vol21-S1-paper3.pdf","Jan 9, 2020 ... administrator to monitor false content; and enactment of the Anti-Fake News Act 2018. The extent of how far these new initiatives to effectively curb the spread ...","EU","2020-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [2665,"Misaligned Lawmaking","https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2856&context=vlr","Jan 7, 2020 ... Agreement on Trade Relations Between the United States of America and the People's. Republic of China, China-U.S., July 7, 1979, 31 U.S.T. 4651 (entered into ...","China","2020-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [2666,"Detecting Fake News Using NLP Methods","https://dspace.cvut.cz/bitstream/handle/10467/86030/F3-DP-2020-Rehacek-Denis-thesis.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y","Jan 7, 2020 ... They published an analysis called The legal framework to address \"fake news\": possible ... A similar term. - misinformation ... The EU vs Disinformation dataset ...","EU","2020-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [2667,"Protecting consumers from fraudulent health claims_ A taxonomy of ...","https://mark-hurlstone.github.io/MHE.20.SS&M.pdf","Jan 7, 2020 ... School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia ... Social media are also increasingly being used to spread disinformation— ...","Australia","2020-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [2668,"President's Message","https://www.cleaweb.org/resources/Documents/CLEA%20Newsletter%20Winter%2019-20%20FINAL.pdf","Jan 7, 2020 ... While in school, she worked as a legal intern for the Humane Society of the United States. Gary Allen (Harvard) joined the. Housing Law Clinic at the WilmerHale.","US","2020-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [2669,"U.S. Media Literacy Policy Report 2020","https://medialiteracynow.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/U.S.-Media-Literacy-Policy-Report-2020.pdf","Jan 6, 2020 ... More research is needed to determine how the laws are taking effect, or not, at the state administrative and school district level, and how evolving standards ...","US","2020-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2670,"White Paper: DEEP FAKERY—An Action Plan","http://www.ipam.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Whitepaper-Deep-Fakery.pdf","Jan 6, 2020 ... In the past, wars have been sparked by misinformation (“Remember the Maine” and the Spanish-American War, or the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the Vietnam War).","US","2020-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [2671,"Applying FDA's Rules in the new World of Online Marketing and ...","https://www.hoganlovells.com/~/media/hogan-lovells/pdf/2020-pdfs/jan-2020_friedman-layout.pdf","Jan 6, 2020 ... Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). FDA website. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/laws-enforced-fda/federal- food-drug ...","US","2020-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [2672,"Proposing a model of social media user interaction with fake news","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JICES-10-2020-0104/full/pdf?title=proposing-a-model-of-social-media-user-interaction-with-fake-news","Jan 4, 2020 ... The largest context at the time of this study was the 2016 US presidential election. Fake news is defined as deliberately misleading news produced for monetary ...","US","2020-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [2673,"Exploring the gap in the public's understanding of the links between ...","https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/20/1/4.full.pdf?download=true","Jan 4, 2020 ... contained significant omissions or misinformation. The risks between breast cancer and colon cancer were most likely to be misrepresented. 13 A comparative ...","US","2020-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [2674,"When Lying Becomes An Ordinary Thing: Ethics in The Post-Truth Era","https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=jkmi","Jan 3, 2020 ... In Indonesia, the post-truth phenomenon is usually seen more often as a literacy or legal problem. ... misinformation. The second group sees post-truth.","Australia","2020-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [2675,"Does Debunking Work? Correcting COVID-19 Misinformation on ...","https://www.ualberta.ca/law/media-library/faculty-research/hli/media/images/caulfield-debunking-works-vulnerable-caulfield.pdf","Jan 3, 2020 ... Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy, Professor, Faculty of Law and ... See e.g. Kate Starbird, “Disinformation's Spread: Bots, Trolls and All of Us” ( ...","US","2020-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [2676,"Information-psychological warfare in Russian security strategy ...","https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstreams/ba205b34-953f-4543-b5d9-d079e997d79c/download","Jan 2, 2020 ... With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the research on propaganda and disinformation was rebranded anew and partly, forgotten. ... pletion and adaptation of the ...","EU","2020-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [2677,"Campaign and Election Security Policy: Overview and Recent ...","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46146","Jan 2, 2020 ... Video and written materials are available on the committee website, https://judiciary.house.gov/legislation/hearings/securing-america-s-elections-part-ii- ...","US","2020-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [2678,"DEMAND FOR DECEIT: How the Way We Think Drives Disinformation","https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Demand-for-Deceit.pdf","Jan 1, 2020 ... Confirmation Bias: Suggests that individuals seek out infor- mation that is in agreement with their preexisting beliefs. Consensus Bias: The tendency to believe ...","EU","2020-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [2679,"Estonia Reacts: Confronting Russian Manipulation Techniques","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1141298.pdf","Jan 1, 2020 ... provision of law ... misinformation or slander must be condemned and measures taken. ... In 2016 it was noted that the EU Department of External Relations launched ...","EU","2020-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [2680,"The regulation of online political micro-targeting in Europe","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2019-4-1440.pdf","Dec 31, 2019 ... election regulation, as evidenced by the omission of rules on political advertising under the EU's ... fake news law. BBC. News. Retrieved from https ... EU Code of ...","EU","2019-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [2681,"A SKEPTICAL VIEW OF INFORMATION FIDUCIARIES CONTENTS","https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/497-541_Online.pdf","Dec 31, 2019 ... and Tim Wu, Opinion, An American Alternative to Europe's Privacy Law, N.Y. ... DISINFORMATION AND “FAKE NEWS”: FINAL REPORT 20 ... are not laws about shareholder ...","EU","2019-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [2682,"Policy Forum","https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/14/1/14_2020.01043/_pdf","Dec 31, 2019 ... lies in abundant reserves and proper allocation of ... Law Yearbook of China. Notice of the State ... c.shtml (accessed February 4, 2020) (in Chinese). 24. The ...","China","2019-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [2683,"'Cyber Due Diligence': A Patchwork of Protective Obligations in ...","https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/32/3/771/41288592/chab056.pdf","Dec 31, 2019 ... See Council of the EU, Press Release, supra note 2. ... national human rights law and other rules of international law. ... mined by online disinformation campaigns ...","EU","2019-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [2684,"Data-driven political campaigns in practice: understanding and ...","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2019-4-1432.pdf","Dec 31, 2019 ... different data-driven campaigning practices to a country such as Australia. ... Tackling Misinformation in an Open Society [Report]. ... Utrect Law Review, 14(1), ...","Australia","2019-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [2685,"Russian Twitter Accounts and the Partisan Polarization of Vaccine ...","https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305564","Dec 30, 2019 ... Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American. Politics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2018. 8. Jamieson KH ...","US","2019-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [2686,"The Fallacy of Fake News: Exploring the Commonsensical ...","http://contemporaryrhetoric.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Zompetti_9_3_4_4.pdf","Dec 28, 2019 ... ... Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. Even Aris- totle2 ... sci's notion of common sense helps us understand the fallacious appeal of fake news. ... 16 Victor Pickard, “The ...","US","2019-12-28T00:00:00"],
    [2687,"Propaganda in an Age of Algorithmic Personalization: Expanding ...","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=com_facpubs","Dec 27, 2019 ... First Amendment theory meets fake news and the filter bubble. Federal Communications Law Journal, 70(1), 55 –. 104. National Council of Teachers of English ...","US","2019-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2688,"Words We Fear: Burning Tweets & the Politics of Incitement","https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2221&context=blr","Dec 27, 2019 ... misinformation off their platforms. I want to be ... COUNTERTERRORISM OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 (2018), https://www. ... criminal law sprang; however, U.S. ...","US","2019-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2689,"Data Justice through the Prism of Information Politics and Resource ...","https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02319895/document","Dec 27, 2019 ... caste), legal (without legal tenure, squatters) ... As the news/misinformation spread in the basti about our ... families were not willing to reveal to us whether ...","US","2019-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [2690,"National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of ...","https://www.dni.gov/files/NCSC/documents/features/20200205-National_CI_Strategy_2020_2022.pdf","Dec 25, 2019 ... Russia and China operate globally, use all instruments of national power to target the United States, and have a broad range of sophisticated intelligence ...","China","2019-12-25T00:00:00"],
    [2691,"Containing rumors spreading on correlated multiplex networks","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.11196","Dec 24, 2019 ... Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. 3 Cybersecurity Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. E-mail ...","China","2019-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [2692,"FOCUS Fake news in sanità FOCUS Fake news in sanità","https://omceo-to.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/torinomedica_n4-2019_web.pdf","Dec 24, 2019 ... The EU-. ROMED CANCER network: state-of-art of cancer screening programmes in non-EU Mediterranean countries. Eur J Public Health. 2016 Feb;26(1):83-9. notizie, ...","EU","2019-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [2693,"Public Health and Online Misinformation: Challenges and ...","https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094127","Dec 24, 2019 ... and health misinformation and disinformation are not new. ... The proliferation of mobile health apps has largely been without oversight or regulation, and the.","Australia","2019-12-24T00:00:00"],
    [2694,"The Role of Health Literacy on Credibility Judgment of Online Health ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8895688/8904471/08904844.pdf","Dec 22, 2019 ... Judgment of Online Health Misinformation. Shijie Song. School of Information. Management. Nanjing University. Nanjing, China ssong@smail.nju.edu.cn. Yuxiang ...","China","2019-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [2695,"Conspiracy Theories and the Quest for Truth","https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1188&context=etd","Dec 22, 2019 ... ... misinformation, most commonly referred to today as “fake news.” ... Law Review 29, no. 4. (2006), 773, doi:10.7282 ... “Media Deliberation on Intra-EU Migration. A.","EU","2019-12-22T00:00:00"],
    [2696,"Fake News in the European Parliament","https://ecas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Keynote_Colard.pdf","Dec 21, 2019 ... ➢legal framework to counter hybrid threats. Page 6. What DG. COMM does. Intensified work inside EP (taskforce) and with other EU institutions and EU ...","EU","2019-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2697,"University of Dundee Reason-Checking Fake News Visser, Jacky ...","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/52646225/CACM_19_12_3576_Proof_hi.pdf","Dec 21, 2019 ... ... legal requirements associated with these rights ... If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove ...","US","2019-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [2698,"Containing misinformation spreading in temporal social networks","https://pubs.aip.org/aip/cha/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/1.5114853/14625547/123131_1_online.pdf","Dec 20, 2019 ... spread across Guangzhou, China in 2003, the Chinese Southern. Weekly published a newspaper article entitled “There is a Fatal Flu in Guangzhou.” This ...","China","2019-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [2699,"Social Media Bots and Deceptive Advertising Federal Trade ...","https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/social-media-bots-advertising-ftc-report-congress/socialmediabotsreport.pdf","Dec 19, 2019 ... ... Misinformation Gaming Ad Tech? (Sept. 2019) ... https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/code ... judgment will be suspended. If it turns out he ...","EU","2019-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2700,"Spreading Disinformation on Facebook: Do Trust in Message ...","https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/download/cdc5eebfc838746c6c57cb4029e066fda79e90b192bd43b68666dc379bd97fb3/168691/2056305119888654.pdf","Dec 19, 2019 ... Crime and Law, 20(3), 261–283. https://doi.org ... Psychological Assessment. Resources. European Commission. (2018). A Europe that Protects: The EU.","EU","2019-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2701,"Spreading Disinformation on Facebook: Do Trust in Message ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305119888654","Dec 19, 2019 ... Crime and Law, 20(3), 261–283. https://doi.org ... Psychological Assessment. Resources. European Commission. (2018). A Europe that Protects: The EU.","EU","2019-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2702,"Social media: how much regulation is needed?","https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/34784/1/CBP-8743.pdf","Dec 19, 2019 ... ”, EU law analysis blog, 19 January 2017 ... “Tackling misinformation and disinformation ... Ashley Hurst, “Tackling misinformation and disinformation online”, ...","EU","2019-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2703,"ANTI- DISINFORMATION POLICY OVERVIEW","https://www.tph.moj.gov.tw/media/205076/2019%E9%98%B2%E5%88%B6%E5%81%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B.pdf?mediaDL=true","Dec 19, 2019 ... Taking into consideration the purposes of current regulations under Taiwan's legal mechanisms with regard to false information, and with reference to ...","Australia","2019-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [2704,"Personal Data: Political Persuasion","https://cdn.ttc.io/s/tacticaltech.org/methods_guidebook_A4_spread_web_Ed2.pdf","Dec 17, 2019 ... In the EU, because of the General Data Protection Regulation ... flooded with fake news and misinformation ... ries of regulation, such as the spread of ...","EU","2019-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2705,"CONGRESSO NACIONAL CPMI – FAKE NEWS","https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/609753/RF_CPMI%20_fake_news_2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Dec 17, 2019 ... ... legal das relações cibernéticas, indicando ... eu não sei se é mentira, mas eu vou compartilhar ... misinformation, que é aquele conteúdo que é criado com o.","EU","2019-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2706,"NEWS & MEDIA","https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/nmrc/major-projects/NMRC-Annual-Report-2019.pdf","Dec 17, 2019 ... (2019). Legal challenges to Internet memes: Focusing on copyright issues. ANZCA 2019, University of Canberra,. Australia. • Sang, Y., ...","Australia","2019-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [2707,"INFLUENCING POLICYMAKERS WITH FAKE MEDIA OUTLETS","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/20191213_InfluencingPolicymakers-with-Fake-media-outlets.pdf","Dec 16, 2019 ... ties between China and Pakistan, would affect the Baluchistan people. ... Favouring collective intelligence with agile regulation ... disinformation-regulatory-.","China","2019-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [2708,"e legal framework on the dissemination of disinformation through ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Report_Disinformation_Dec2019-1.pdf","Dec 15, 2019 ... provided an overview of the relevant EU legal framework for disinformation. The following chapter, dis- cussing the Dutch national legislation, will ...","EU","2019-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2709,"Coalition for Reform in Political Advertising – written evidence ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/590/pdf/","Dec 15, 2019 ... Codes, the EU ... taken to draft broader legislation embedding in law the regulation of content and ... WHAT MIGHT BE THE BEST WAYS OF REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF.","EU","2019-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2710,"Bad News: Clickbait and Deceptive Ads on News and ...","https://badads.cs.washington.edu/files/Zeng-ConPro2020-BadNews.pdf","Dec 15, 2019 ... We compiled a dataset of 1158 known misinformation websites (spreading political disinformation, ... policy and regulation ... outright (especially by U.S. ...","US","2019-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [2711,"Can \"More Speech\" Counter Ignorant Speech?","https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/96656/2/682-Article%20Text-3524-1-10-20191213.pdf","Dec 13, 2019 ... participants will accept the misinformation. And ... EU (includ- ing, if ... advocates of legal regulations need to provide more precise evidence of legal reg-.","EU","2019-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [2712,"Censorship, Free Speech & Facebook: Applying the First ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1300&context=wjlta","Dec 13, 2019 ... posts or serve as an “arbiter of truth versus misinformation. ... limiting the reach of federal law”); Gerald Turkel, The Public/Private Distinction: ... Scott, 463 ...","US","2019-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [2713,"The New Crisis of Public Communication: Challenges and ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/288351883.pdf","Dec 13, 2019 ... At the same time, the nearest thing to an iron law of both audience research in communication and misinformation research in political science is that prior ...","US","2019-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [2714,"The First Amendment and Modern Technology: The Free Speech ...","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2110&context=hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly","Dec 12, 2019 ... different chatbot with the same code, XiaoIce, in China, demonstrated significantly different interactions with users. ... laws would resemble the ...","China","2019-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [2715,"free speech and justified true belief","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26868032","Dec 12, 2019 ... helped lay the foundations of U.S. free speech law and theory. ... Lies and misinformation ... draft) (on file with the Harvard Law School Library), for an argument ...","US","2019-12-12T00:00:00"],
    [2716,"Better redress: building accountability for the digital age","https://doteveryone.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Better-redress-evidence-review.pdf","Dec 11, 2019 ... Digital regulation and technologies are constantly evolving. 2017 saw the introduction of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In the UK, the ...","EU","2019-12-11T00:00:00"],
    [2717,"Influencing the Narrative: How the Chinese Government Mobilizes ...","https://docs.aiddata.org/ad4/pdfs/Influencing_the_Narrative_Report.pdf","Dec 11, 2019 ... A sending country engaged in information warfare may exploit disinformation, misinformation, or ... corruption, rule of law ... fraction of the cost of institutions ...","Australia","2019-12-11T00:00:00"],
    [2718,"How We Talk About the Press","https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3260&context=facpub","Dec 10, 2019 ... The continued and often-uncritical use of fake news should worry us. ... Law gives us a host of shameful and current examples ... 74 It includes terms like ...","US","2019-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [2719,"FAKE NEWS E “VIRALIZAÇÃO”: responsabilidade legal na ...","https://rbbd.febab.org.br/rbbd/article/download/1364/1176","Dec 10, 2019 ... disinformation and misinformation. The text mentions ... Disinformation – legal aspects. Dissemination of ... Disponível em: https://www.ibersid.eu/ojs/index ...","EU","2019-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [2720,"Junk News & Information Sharing During the 2019 UK General ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/12/UK-Data-Memo_FINAL.pdf","Dec 8, 2019 ... self-regulation of their platforms. During the ... Neudert, 'Junk News. During the 2019 EU Parliamentary Elections: Lessons from a Seven ... [1] Digital Culture, ...","EU","2019-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [2721,"Corruption and unsolicited proposals","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Corruption-and-unsolicited-proposals-2019.pdf","Dec 6, 2019 ... there is no sole legal meaning for these agreements (Farquharson, Torres de Mästle and. Yescombe 2011). They are a way for the government to contract the ...","Australia","2019-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [2722,"Privacy policy and competition","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ES-12.07.19-Marthews-Tucker.pdf","Dec 5, 2019 ... Figure 3 illustrates the frequency of statutory and regulatory laws ... There is also a lot of misinformation. For ... protections for their users as EU law ...","EU","2019-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [2723,"News analysis: Fake-news laws — what do the first two cases tell us?","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/today_news-analysis-fake-news-laws---what-do-the-first-two-cases-tell-us_061219.pdf?sfvrsn=eb6c7c0a_2","Dec 5, 2019 ... us? Kenneth Cheng. TODAY, 5 December 2019. Less than two months after Singapore's fake-news law kicked in, it was invoked twice in four days last week. The law ...","US","2019-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [2724,"THE ART OF DECEIT: HOW CHINA AND RUSSIA USE SHARP ...","https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HJS-Sharp-Power-Report-FINAL.pdf","Dec 4, 2019 ... disinformationreport.blob.core.windows.net/disinformation-report/NewKnowledge-Disinformation-Report-. Whitepaper. ... of law may be reported to the Chinese ...","China","2019-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [2725,"Addressing Holocaust Denial, Distortion and Trivialization","https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/5/441122.pdf","Dec 4, 2019 ... • misinformation about the Hol- ocaust among ... Bazyler, Holocaust Denial Laws and Other Legislation Criminalizing Promotion of Nazism, Yad Vashem web-.","US","2019-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [2726,"FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA: PEOPLE BELIEVE WHAT THEY ...","https://misq.umn.edu/skin/frontend/default/misq/pdf/appendices/2019/V43I4Appendices/15_15505_RN_MoravecAppendices.pdf","Dec 3, 2019 ... US Press Secretary Told 4 Untruths in 5 Minutes of Remarks to Reporters. T. Gun law changes. Gun Law Registry Required Based on Race. F. Lawmakers Consider ...","US","2019-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [2727,"All the News That's Fit to Click: The Economics of Clickbait Media","https://osf.io/u84z3/download","Dec 3, 2019 ... Another form of regulation ... The. Federal government needs to rebalance the regulatory burden across industries. ... Consumption of online fake news in the 2016 ...","US","2019-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [2728,"Dictating the Internet: Curtailing Free Expression, Opinion and ...","https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Southeast-Asia-Dictating-the-Internet-Publications-Reports-Thematic-reports-2019-ENG.pdf","Dec 2, 2019 ... 447 Bernama, 'Government can handle fake news even without Anti-Fake News law – Mahathir', Prime. Minister's Office, 9 April 2019, Available at: https://www ...","Australia","2019-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [2729,"FACTS-IR: Fairness, Accountability, Confidentiality, Transparency ...","http://sigir.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/december/p020.pdf","Dec 2, 2019 ... There are also growing legal structures (e.g., General Data Protection Regulation in. Europe ... Those problems include but are not limited to misinformation, ...","EU","2019-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [2730,"Techniques of disinformation: Constructing and communicating “soft ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-4446.12735","Nov 29, 2019 ... Instead, they start to key us into how the performance of disinforming communications is becoming a more commonplace feature of the ordering of social reality ...","US","2019-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [2731,"FREEDOM OF SPEECH ONLINE REPORT","https://files.elsa.org/IFP/Freedom_of_Expression_Online_Report.pdf","Nov 27, 2019 ... the Council of Europe, the first binding legal instrument addressing data protection, personal data ... experienced fake news and 65% of the respondents asked for ...","EU","2019-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [2732,"Why we should keep talking about fake news","http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1422901/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 27, 2019 ... ... us to preserve con- tested or weaponized names ... certain legal precedents. All these factors ... (Likewise, they could function to cue up the opposing ideologies ...","US","2019-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [2733,"How AI changes the way disinformation is produced, disseminated ...","https://www.shrmonitor.org/assets/uploads/2019/11/SHRM-Kertysova.pdf","Nov 25, 2019 ... 2016 Election: The Challenge of Automated Political Communication for Election Law and Administration,”. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 15, no. 2 ...","China","2019-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [2734,"What Can Be Done? Digital Media Policy Options for Strengthening ...","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-11/What_Can_Be_Done_FINAL.pdf","Nov 25, 2019 ... 8 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236. 9 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/action-plan-against-disinformation ...","EU","2019-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [2735,"Countering disinformation: News media and legal resilience","https://www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/News-Media-and-Legal-Resilience_2019_HCPaper-ISSN.pdf","Nov 22, 2019 ... Both cases – the Notre Dame fire and the Yellow Vests – prove that media owned and financed by Russia or China can, for example, exploit the rights and freedoms ...","China","2019-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [2736,"Measuring distortions in international markets","https://one.oecd.org/document/TAD/TC(2019)9/FINAL/En/pdf","Nov 21, 2019 ... Around the same time, however,. Chinese Taipei signed with China the Export Promotion and Cooperation Agreement “that ... lies in the behaviour of their ...","China","2019-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [2737,"(Dis)information Blackouts: Politics and Practices of Internet ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/13977/3466","Nov 21, 2019 ... However, with impeded access, blocked resources, and controlled flow of information, the disinformation that comes with political and legal authority flows ...","EU","2019-11-21T00:00:00"],
    [2738,"Introduction to the Economic Cost of Bad Actors on the Internet","https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mediapost.com/uploads/EconomicCostOfFakeNews.pdf","Nov 20, 2019 ... The World Economic Forum ranks the spread of misinformation and fake news, ... Department) to new legislation, media literacy programs, and enforcement.","Australia","2019-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [2739,"Losing the News: The Decimation of Local Journalism and the ...","https://pen.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Losing-the-News-The-Decimation-of-Local-Journalism-and-the-Search-for-Solutions-Report.pdf","Nov 20, 2019 ... law, and Spain enacted a similar law the next year. ... misinformation and hyper-partisan content.635. The ... Australian Financial Review, May 31, 2017, afr.com ...","Australia","2019-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [2740,"Fake News Analysis Modeling Using Quote Retweet","https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/electronics/electronics-08-01377/article_deploy/electronics-08-01377-v2.pdf?version=1576059199","Nov 20, 2019 ... As Retweets do not contain one's own comments and are usually used when expressing agreement with or interest in the original Tweets, users do not usually ...","Australia","2019-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [2741,"Losing the News: The Decimation of Local Journalism and the ...","https://pen.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Losing-the-News-The-Decimation-of-Local-Journalism-and-the-Search-for-Solutions-Report.pdf","Nov 20, 2019 ... misinformation and hyper-partisan content.635. The ... Knowledge, and Participation in US House Elections,” The Journal of Politics 77, no. ... Subversive Past,” ...","US","2019-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [2742,"Submission to Harvard University Disinformation in Comparative ...","https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/2019-11/Comparative%20Approaches%20to%20Disinformation%20-%20Jose%20Mari%20Hall%20Lanuza%20Slides.pdf","Nov 16, 2019 ... The Philippines' proximity to other Southeast Asian countries with fake news laws that can be weaponized to curb free speech and silence dissent heightens the ...","China","2019-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [2743,"POLITICS AND PROFIT IN THE FAKE NEWS FACTORY","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/5december_report_philippines.pdf","Nov 15, 2019 ... Mapping out the work arrangements and financial reward structures used by the disinformation industry enables us to ... regulation.41 Policy should also focus on.","US","2019-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2744,"Digital Disinformation and the Targeting of Affect: New Frontiers for ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26912445","Nov 15, 2019 ... Hastings Law Journal, 69,. 1379–1408. LAGARDE, J., & HUDGINS, D. (2018). Fact vs. fiction: Teaching critical thinking skills in the age of fake news.","US","2019-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [2745,"SCALING BACK CORRUPTION - A GUIDE ON ADDRESSING ...","https://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/Publications/2019/19-08373_Scaling_Back_Corruption_ebook.pdf","Nov 15, 2019 ... (2017); WWF/Dalberg, Fighting illicit wildlife trafficking: A consultation with government (2012); UNODC, Guide on Drafting Legislation to Combat Wildlife Crime ...","China","2019-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [2746,"When Disinformation Studies Meets Production Studies: Social ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/11417/2879","Nov 14, 2019 ... Keywords: networked disinformation, fake news ... Australia (Gregg, 2011), digital influencers in Singapore ... We observe worrying trends of content regulation in ...","Australia","2019-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [2747,"re-evaluating the credibility of eyewitness testimony: the ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B8F651467F46D7D1BCA7F73D46C93FE4/S1742360018000424a.pdf/reevaluating_the_credibility_of_eyewitness_testimony_the_misinformation_effect_and_the_overcritical_juror.pdf","Nov 14, 2019 ... It has been argued that jurors and others working with the legal system should be introduced to psy- chological ndings illustrating the misinformation effect ...","US","2019-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [2748,"Hijacking our Heroes: Exploiting Veterans Through Disinformation ...","https://docs.house.gov/meetings/VR/VR00/20191113/110183/HHRG-116-VR00-Wstate-BarashV-20191113.pdf","Nov 13, 2019 ... Trump, the page posted images and text on the subject of American politics. These images were supportive of Russian President Vladimir Putin, hostile to law ...","China","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2749,"Misinformation: We're Four Steps Behind Its Creators","https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/2019-11/Comparative%20Approaches%20to%20Disinformation%20-%20John%20Gray%20Abstract.pdf","Nov 13, 2019 ... are already about human influence systems; and legitimacy, legal and ethical constraints on response. On July 27, 2019, The Credibility Coalition Misinfosec ...","China","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2750,"Opposing the Power of Lies, Bullshit and Fake News: the Value of ...","https://d-nb.info/1207915300/34","Nov 13, 2019 ... the European Union (EU) following the referendum in 20161, has revealed that large ... forces by deceit, lies and calculated misinformation ... Reflections on law ...","EU","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2751,"Understanding and reducing the spread of misinformation online","https://files.osf.io/v1/resources/3n9u8/providers/osfstorage/5dcc2ffd48a1d9000dd04a98?action=download&version=2&direct&format=pdf","Nov 13, 2019 ... Specifically, political concordant = Pro-Democratic [Pro-Republican] news (based on a pretest) for American individuals who prefer the Democratic [Republican] ...","US","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2752,"Trustworthy misinformation mitigation with soft information nudging","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.05825","Nov 13, 2019 ... Index Terms—misinformation, disinformation ... Information trust is a mix of an individual's own judgment ... 9 months of 2019, giving us a total of 1,814,682 ...","US","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2753,"FALSE AND HYPERPARTISAN NEWS Beyond “fake news”: The ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/fenlaed3kfg57aun6lsornvpeu/access/wayback/https://files.osf.io/v1/resources/cgsx6/providers/osfstorage/5dcb499e48a1d9000ccf9f7d?action=download&direct&version=2","Nov 13, 2019 ... In fact, recent analyses indicate that fake news was not particularly prevalent during the 2016 U.S.. Presidential Election (Grinberg, Joseph, Friedland, Swire- ...","US","2019-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [2754,"Topic 2: Misinformation Torts","https://s3.studentvip.com.au/notes/34706-sample.pdf?v=1573272699","Nov 12, 2019 ... ... however no such reduction is made in the case of the common law tort of deceit → Standard. Chartered Bank v Pakistan National Shipping Co [2002] 3 WLR 1547.","Australia","2019-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [2755,"THE ATTACK ON INTELLIGENCE","https://blueprint.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/UCL19013_Blueprint_Issue10_V1_FINAL-r3-1.pdf","Nov 12, 2019 ... For Iheanacho, the legislation isn't revolutionary, but it is affirming. “I don't need a law to tell me, 'Your hair should be allowed in a workplace,' because I ...","Australia","2019-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [2756,"Trusting and Non-Trusting on the Internet Symposium: Trust ...","https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1738&context=faculty_scholarship","Nov 12, 2019 ... Under United States law, if stolen credit cards are used for unauthorized purchases, banks or sellers must indemnify consumers for losses above $50. But on ...","US","2019-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [2757,"Do Commissions Cause Investment Adviser Misconduct?","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3514987_code2348315.pdf?abstractid=3514987&mirid=1","Nov 8, 2019 ... Financial, Judgment/Lien, and Regulatory. Civil ... misinformation. The results are robust to ... The overall results are consistent with the actions of regulatory ...","EU","2019-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [2758,"Content and Conduct: How English Wikipedia Moderates Harmful ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/41872342/Content%20and%20ConductHow%20English%20Wikipedia%20Moderates%20Harmful%20Speech.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 7, 2019 ... -under-eu-law. Archived at https://perma.cc/EP4Q ... https://perma.cc/5CFG-XE22. 41 https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/02/asia/singapore-fake-news ... chosen for their ...","EU","2019-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [2759,"Oversight Failure in Securities Markets","https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4816&context=clr","Nov 7, 2019 ... Faculty Workshop, the American Society for International Law Biennial, the Uni- versity of Sydney Law School East Meets West Corporate Law Conference (Syd-.","US","2019-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [2760,"MAPPING OF POLICIES","https://assets.volteuropa.org/2021-05/Mapping_of_policy.pdf","Nov 6, 2019 ... ... legal system, effective law enforcement, and anti ... EU-wide Carbon Tax. 125. Stop subsidies for fossil ... misinformation like any other media platform ...","EU","2019-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [2761,"“FAKE NEWS” AND CONCEPTUAL ETHICS Étienne Brown","https://jesp.org/index.php/jesp/article/view/648/261","Nov 6, 2019 ... Suppose that we disagree about the acceptability of. France's law against fake news, and this in turn incites us to think that we hold distinct political views.","US","2019-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [2762,"Fake news is counterfeit news","https://cssh.northeastern.edu/pandemic-teaching-initiative/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2020/10/Fake-news-is-counterfeit-news.pdf","Nov 6, 2019 ... bits of printed paper and round bits of metal produced by the United States Mint count as legal tender in the context of the United States economic system ...","US","2019-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [2763,"Online Disinformation and Political Discourse: Applying a Human ...","https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2019-11-05-Online-Disinformation-Human-Rights.pdf","Nov 5, 2019 ... China, and VK and OK in Russia – deserve ... misinformation').16. Although standard definitions of 'disinformation' do ... (2018), 'Fake News and International Law ...","China","2019-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2764,"Content and Conduct: How English Wikipedia Moderates Harmful ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3489176_code727672.pdf?abstractid=3489176&mirid=1","Nov 5, 2019 ... -under-eu-law. Archived at https://perma.cc/EP4Q ... https://perma.cc/5CFG-XE22. 41 https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/02/asia/singapore-fake-news ... chosen for their ...","EU","2019-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [2765,"THE DEMOCRACY PLAYBOOK: Preventing and Reversing ...","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/the-democracy-playbook_preventing-and-reversing-democratic-backsliding.pdf","Nov 4, 2019 ... laws, rules ... to fight the spread of misinformation. At the ... spectrum, the EU maintains the power under Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union, passed.","EU","2019-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [2766,"Socrates Untenured - The Social Media Propaganda Problem","https://issues.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OConnor-Weatherall-The-Social-Media-Propaganda-Problem-Fall-2019.pdf","Nov 4, 2019 ... ere is a further sense in which both terms— misinformation and disinformation—can be misleading. ... 620,000 refugees into the US” and “f*** the elections!","US","2019-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [2767,"Conspiracies beyond Fake News. Produsing Reinformation on ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/soin.12339","Nov 3, 2019 ... embargo mandated by the French law. The ... “Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. ... “Safari's Suggested Search Results ...","US","2019-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [2768,"Fake news: Acceptance by demographics and culture on social media","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19331681.2019.1686676","Nov 1, 2019 ... (2016) investigated social media use among graduate students in India, China, and the. United States. However, they argue that future research should further ...","China","2019-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [2769,"Enemy of the People: The Ghost of the F.C.C. Fairness Doctrine in ...","https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1809&context=hastings_comm_ent_law_journal","Nov 1, 2019 ... fake news dilemma. Part II discusses the political and legal history of the. Fairness Doctrine. Part III gives a detailed account of contemporary issues.","US","2019-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [2770,"Enemy of the People: The Ghost of the F.C.C. Fairness Doctrine in ...","https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=student-scholarship","Nov 1, 2019 ... fake news dilemma. Part II discusses the political and legal history of the. Fairness Doctrine. Part III gives a detailed account of contemporary issues.","US","2019-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [2771,"Fake news: Acceptance by demographics and culture on social media","https://researchnow-admin.flinders.edu.au/ws/files/18311393/Rampersad_Fake_P2019.pdf","Oct 31, 2019 ... Key factors influencing the acceptance of fake news. 2. G. RAMPERSAD AND T. ALTHIYABI. Page 4. Australia and Sweden ...","Australia","2019-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2772,"dot-information-quality-guidelines-2019.pdf","https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/regulations/513/dot-information-quality-guidelines-2019.pdf","Oct 31, 2019 ... procedural, enforceable at law or equity, by any party against the United States, its agencies. (including DOT or any Component), officers, or employees, or ...","US","2019-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2773,"Dear Crystal, This is false complaint. Is it illegal to falsify a compliant ...","https://www.fec.gov/files/legal/murs/7655/7655_04.pdf","Oct 31, 2019 ... Under US law a service provider, such as yourself, enjoys immunity from a copyright lawsuit provided that you act with deliberate speed to investigate and ...","US","2019-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [2774,"\"Fake News\" and the Sociological Imagination: Theory Informs ...","https://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1322&context=loexquarterly","Oct 30, 2019 ... proposed legislation to mandate literacy programs in schools ... The 2016 U.S. election made “fake news” a household ... • A type of information: disinformation, ...","US","2019-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [2775,"Hoax and The Principle of Legal Certainty in Indonesian Legal System","https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286165","Oct 29, 2019 ... Renda, “The Legal Framework to Address 'fake news': Possible Policy Actions at the EU. Level, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life ...","EU","2019-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [2776,"Using State Free Speech Clauses to Protect Social Media Users ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=elj","Oct 29, 2019 ... or the underenforcement of federal constitutional law, because it must be applied to all fifty states; this is a concern not present for states. Id. at 17; see ...","US","2019-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [2777,"a G-Man's License to Lie?Repost:","https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110815/documents/HMKP-116-JU00-20200617-SD003.pdf","Oct 28, 2019 ... Monday, Oct. 28, 2019. Editor's note: Michael Flynn's legal team last week alleged that FBI officials manipulated. Flynn's FBI 302 to make it appear that ...","US","2019-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [2778,"Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information over ...","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:625c4299-20a4-4478-b489-25c3e9b96421/files/rz603qx530","Oct 26, 2019 ... honours BA in political science and legal ... Propaganda,. 178. Samantha Bradshaw et al. Page 8. misinformation, and negative campaigning are certainly not new ...","EU","2019-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [2779,"Edinburgh Research Explorer - Fake news, French law and ...","https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/120126408/CraufurdSmithJML2019FakeNewsFrenchLaw.pdf","Oct 25, 2019 ... Of particular interest for the UK, given concerns over the transmission of false information prior to the. 2016 referendum on European Union membership, is ...","EU","2019-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [2780,"Disinformation and propaganda: impact on the functioning of the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/653633/EXPO_STU(2021)653633_EN.pdf","Oct 22, 2019 ... delivered a report to the Legislative Yuan entitled 'Countermeasures Against Chinese Disinformation. 211 'Taiwan passes law to combat Chinese influence on ...","China","2019-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [2781,"The effectiveness of refutation texts to correct misconceptions ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/153185/2/XAP-2018-0313-R1_ms_acceptedversion.pdf","Oct 21, 2019 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by ... misinformation. Refutation (or refutational) ...","US","2019-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [2782,"Information Asymmetry and the Recent Financial Crisis Joel Spina ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3474479_code1992091.pdf?abstractid=3474479","Oct 20, 2019 ... Regulating complexity in financial markets. Washington University Law. Review, 87, p. 211-220. S&P (2007). S&PCORRECT: 612 U.S. subprime RMBS classes put ...","US","2019-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [2783,"Processing Style and Responsiveness to Corrective Information ...","https://academic.oup.com/ijpor/article-pdf/32/3/530/33794078/edz037.pdf","Oct 19, 2019 ... American Journal of. Political Science, 38, 582–600. Reedy, J., Wells, C., & Gastil, J. (2014). How voters become misinformation: An investi-.","US","2019-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [2784,"Communication and internet policy: a critical rights-based history ...","https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02319189/document","Oct 17, 2019 ... Currently the spread of misinformation and disinformation online and its implications for the democratic process, and the need to balance freedom of ...","EU","2019-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [2785,"David Buckingham | Post-Truth' Age: Fake News, Media Bias and ...","https://ddbuckingham.files.wordpress.com/2019/10/post-truth-buckingham.pdf","Oct 17, 2019 ... When media regulation seems impossible, media literacy is often seen as the acceptable answer – and indeed a magical panacea – for all media-related social and ...","EU","2019-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [2786,"Uncritical polarized groups: The impact of spreading fake news as ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.08010","Oct 17, 2019 ... In this study, we present a news dissemination model base on a proba- bilistic approach that allow us to use the law of large numbers to determine the ...","US","2019-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [2787,"The imitation game: The memefication of political discourse","https://www.martenscentre.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/16.pdf","Oct 16, 2019 ... While memes can be used to achieve positive objectives, organisations sometimes use them in disinformation cam- paigns aimed at smearing opponents. The creation ...","EU","2019-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [2788,"Guide to guarantee freedom of expression regarding deliberate ...","https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/publications/Guia_Desinformacion_VF%20ENG.pdf","Oct 15, 2019 ... Constitutional Law and Human Rights, UP/UBA ... misinformation. In that sense, both the Com ... Germany and France, as well as China, Bangladesh, Cambodia,.","China","2019-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2789,"1 The gestural misinformation effect in child investigative ...","https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/27876/1/Full%20PhDThesis_Kendra%20Meyer_Whiterose_EThesis.pdf","Oct 15, 2019 ... detailed guidelines and legal rules, on how to interview children in legal settings in Switzerland ... various countries (including Australia, Canada, China, El ...","Australia","2019-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2790,"The Impact of Fake News: Evidence from the Anti-Vaccination ...","https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2020/preliminary/paper/6KS2bdnh","Oct 15, 2019 ... Media coverage of the measles- mumps-rubella vaccine and autism controversy and its relationship to mmr immunization rates in the united states. Pediatrics 121( ...","US","2019-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [2791,"Online Disinformation and the Role of Wikipedia","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.12596","Oct 14, 2019 ... Misinformation is when false information is shared, but no harm is meant. ... Bots,# strongerin, and# brexit: computational propaganda during the uk-eu referendum ...","EU","2019-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [2792,"America Misled","https://www.climatechangecommunication.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/America_Misled.pdf","Oct 14, 2019 ... and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia ... Strategies proposed to counter climate disinformation include political mechanisms, financial transparency, legal ...","Australia","2019-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [2793,"Fair elections under threat? The Loophole List","https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Fair-elections-under-threat-The-Loophole-List-1.pdf","Oct 14, 2019 ... The key piece of legislation in this area, the. Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (PPERA 2000), was written before social media even existed ...","EU","2019-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [2794,"Ethical Guidelines 3.0 Association of Internet Researchers ...","https://aoir.org/reports/ethics3.pdf","Oct 10, 2019 ... This is especially important due to the increase of misinformation ... rules and guidelines ... General Data Protection Regulation, (GDPR) Regulation EU 2016/679.","EU","2019-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [2795,"The Market of Disinformation","https://oxtec.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/OxTEC-The-Market-of-Disinformation.pdf","Oct 9, 2019 ... information, which would be similar to leniency provisions in EU competition law. 3.2.3 Financial Transparency. Financial transparency provides the ...","EU","2019-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [2796,"Media self-regulation in South East Europe - Guide to best practices ...","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/367835eng.pdf","Oct 9, 2019 ... • Network with EU peers. ... UNESCO has been promoting and supporting media self-regulation of South East Europe and Turkey since 2008. ... varying degree of ...","EU","2019-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [2797,"POS 338: Fake News: How to Identify & Refute it","https://webapp4.asu.edu/bookstore/viewsyllabus/2197/85422","Oct 9, 2019 ... Title IX is a federal law that provides that no person be excluded on the basis of sex from participation in, be denied benefits of, or be subjected to ...","US","2019-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [2798,"NATO StratCom - ATTRIBUTING INFORMATION INFLUENCE ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/download/Nato-Attributing-Information-Influence-Operations-DIGITAL-v4.pdf","Oct 8, 2019 ... 27. Attribution terms used include, “the Kremlin's hostile propaganda,”28 “Kremlin-backed disinformation” and “pro-Kremlin disinformation outlets.”29 The ...","China","2019-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [2799,"Responsible Reporting in an Age of Information Disorder","https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Responsible_Reporting_Digital_AW-1.pdf","Oct 7, 2019 ... Previously, she worked as an editor in legal publishing, a legal journalist, and a law clerk ... it is worthwhile to debunk misinformation. ... 2020 US election.","US","2019-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2800,"“Fake News” on Sexual Minorities is “Old News”: A Study of Digital ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1479250/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Oct 7, 2019 ... specifically the international legal case initiated by SMUG against American evangelical pastor Scott Lively, who assisted the Ugandan conservatives in ...","US","2019-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [2801,"Misdemeanor Disenfranchisement? The Demobilizing Effects of ...","https://gregoryeady.com/ResearchMethodsCourse/assets/readings/White,%20Ariel%20-%202019%20-%20Misdemeanor%20Disenfranchisement.pdf","Oct 6, 2019 ... “The Voting Behavior of. Young Disenfranchised Felons: Would They Vote if They Could?” American Law and Economics Review 12 (2): 356–93. Howell, K. Babe ...","US","2019-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [2802,"Fake medical news: avoiding pitfalls and perils","https://fmch.bmj.com/content/fmch/7/4/e000142.full.pdf","Oct 4, 2019 ... Real talk about fake news: towards a better theory for platform governance. Yale Law J 2017;127. 15 Stone J. Erik Martin Leaves Reddit Amid Debate Over Free ...","US","2019-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [2803,"EU–US Cooperation on Tackling Disinformation","https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2019-10-03-EU-US-TacklingDisinformation.pdf","Oct 3, 2019 ... and Myers, S. L. (2019), 'China is waging a disinformation ... misinformation-law-to-court. (accessed 7 Mar. 2019) ... (2019), 'YouTube pressured to ban Chinese ...","China","2019-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [2804,"Prediction and Judgment","https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-pdf/46/3/7/1995768/isec_a_00425.pdf","Oct 3, 2019 ... giving China or some other adversary a ... The partition of judgment tasks itself is an act of judgment. ... disinformation and influence campaigns to generate ...","China","2019-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [2805,"FAKE NEWS: FALSE CONTENT IN A FAMILIAR FORMAT | Emerald ...","https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-78973-361-720191002/full/pdf?title=fake-news-false-content-in-a-familiar-format","Oct 2, 2019 ... “Dewey Defeats Truman.” “Hillary Clinton Adopts Alien. Baby.” Whether it was an error in judgment in a rush to publish election results in November 1948, ...","US","2019-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [2806,"Subverting the Art of Diplomacy: Bullshit, Lies and Trump | AVESİS","https://avesis.erciyes.edu.tr/yayin/d66e2364-05a4-447b-9e38-68d862e5ee76/subverting-the-art-of-diplomacy-bullshit-lies-and-trump/document.pdf","Oct 1, 2019 ... Diplomacy is essential for mediating between states to find resolution, compromise, and agreement, often in challenging situations, with grace and foresight.","China","2019-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2807,"A Cycle of Censorship: The UK White Paper on Online Harms and ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Cycle_Censorship_Pomerantsev_Oct_2019.pdf","Oct 1, 2019 ... The Singapore law is committed to fighting “fake news” and “disinformation” – but as defined by the government.18 Journalists fear it will be used as an excuse.","EU","2019-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2808,"False Memories for Fake News During Ireland's Abortion Referendum","https://escholarship.org/content/qt8xp416w9/qt8xp416w9.pdf","Oct 1, 2019 ... false memory, politics, fake news, misinformation, bias, open data, open materials ... judgment or whether it can be overcome by individuals ... U.S. funding. Error ...","US","2019-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [2809,"How can we tackle disinformation in a way that respects human rights?","https://www.gp-digital.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DISINFORMATION-EXPORT_final.pdf","Sep 30, 2019 ... misinformation and propaganda—which have clearer ... impart set out in law? If not, this will fail the ... If you're interested in collaborating with us, email ...","US","2019-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [2810,"Analysing the behavioural finance impact of \"fake news ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/237284/1/1765193044.pdf","Sep 28, 2019 ... This is conducted as a novel event study over the 2019 Chinese. ADR Delisting Threat fake news and debunking event—one of the only large-sample events which ...","China","2019-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [2811,"The Varieties of Counterspeech and Censorship on Social Media","https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2810&context=faculty_publications","Sep 27, 2019 ... In United States v. Alvarez, the Supreme Court, in a 6-3 decision, struck down a portion of the Stolen Valor Act, a federal law that criminalized ...","US","2019-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [2812,"Appendix: International law in cyberspace","https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/parliamentary-documents/2019/09/26/letter-to-the-parliament-on-the-international-legal-order-in-cyberspace/international-law-in-the-cyberdomain-netherlands.pdf","Sep 26, 2019 ... Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security: https://www.un.org/disarmament/ict-security/; EU Cybersecurity Strategy, ...","EU","2019-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [2813,"Fact or Fake? Helping Students Get The Facts","https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=cfl-lpp","Sep 26, 2019 ... Tracks money in U.S. politics and its effect on elections and ... Address misinformation & encourage critical ... Federal legislation www.factcheck.gov. GODORT ...","US","2019-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [2814,"Authenticating Fake News: An Empirical Study in India","https://inria.hal.science/hal-02294710/file/484827_1_En_23_Chapter.pdf","Sep 23, 2019 ... The study on twitter data of US election revealed that social bots had played a key role in spreading fake news. Fake news can be stopped by targeting social ...","US","2019-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [2815,"Truth, Not Fear: Countering False Information in a Conflict","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/10912/2801","Sep 22, 2019 ... Pela was a treaty made by the ancestors during the tribal wars to avoid harming one another. ... disorder in Asia and the Pacific: Overview of misinformation ...","Australia","2019-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [2816,"Attitudinal Spillover from Misleading Natural Cigarette Marketing: An ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1a93/8b3d2de16c99759b90c07cd6ae6c41125818.pdf","Sep 23, 2019 ... Here, we administered a large-scale randomized experiment (n = 1128), assigning current and former smokers in the United. States to an NAS advertising condition ...","US","2019-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [2817,"Responsibility and AI","https://rm.coe.int/responsability-and-ai-en/168097d9c5","Sep 21, 2019 ... ... law lies primarily on nation states, given that ... China surveillance powers.' 19 June. The ... approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative ...","China","2019-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2818,"This is a postprint of an article that is published in Public Relations ...","https://biopen.bi.no/bi-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2724056/Ihen_et_al._2019.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y","Sep 21, 2019 ... practitioners are in central positions to distinguish misinformation and disinformation in society. (Pamment, Nothaft, Agardh-Twetman & Fjällhed, 2018). How ...","EU","2019-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2819,"The disvalue of knowledge","https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/132194024/Thedisvalueofknowledge_PAPINEAU_Accepted21Sep2019_Epub4Oct2019_GOLD_VoR_CCBY.pdf","Sep 21, 2019 ... As I see it, the concern with knowledge is preventing us from arranging our legal procedures in an optimal way. ... misinformation in such cases is much higher ...","US","2019-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [2820,"Actors, Behaviors, Content: A Disinformation ABC: Highlighting ...","https://cdn.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ABC_Framework_TWG_Francois_Sept_2019.pdf","Sep 20, 2019 ... Existing Legislative Initiatives. An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law. H. Tworek & P. Leerssen, April 15, 2019. The Proposed EU Terrorism Content Regulation:.","EU","2019-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [2821,"Fake News, Framing, Fact-Checking: Nachrichten im digitalen Zeitalter","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783839450253/pdf?licenseType=restricted","Sep 20, 2019 ... ... EU mehr als meine Heimat Bayern« zitiert. Indem ... Misinformation Has Created a New World Disorder. Page ... judgment in an age of data. 58. F. Cherubini/R.K. ...","EU","2019-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [2822,"Actors, Behaviors, Content: A Disinformation ABC: Highlighting ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ABC_Framework_2019_Sept_2019.pdf","Sep 20, 2019 ... The AP reports: “Facebook acted after being tipped off Sunday by U.S. law enforcement officials. Authorities notified the company about recently discovered.","US","2019-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [2823,"Libraries and Fake News: What's the Problem? What's the Plan?","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1227587.pdf","Sep 20, 2019 ... This article surveys the library and information science (LIS) response to the problems of fake news and misinformation from the 2016 U.S. presidential election ...","US","2019-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [2824,"Understanding Social Media's Role in Propagating Falsehood in ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228084342.pdf","Sep 18, 2019 ... Notwithstanding, there have been serious and legitimate concerns about the spread of fake news over social media especially during the 2016 US presidential.","Australia","2019-09-18T00:00:00"],
    [2825,"DISINFORMATION IN TERRORIST CONTENT ONLINE","https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs5746/files/Disinformation%20In%20Terrorist%20Content%20Online.pdf","Sep 18, 2019 ... The current models for regulation and oversight of social media companies -- via the. Federal Trade, Communications, and Elections Commissions -- predate the ...","US","2019-09-18T00:00:00"],
    [2826,"Government Responses to Disinformation on Social Media ...","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1180&context=scholcom","Sep 17, 2019 ... Despite the strict regulation of the media and internet, misinformation, or what Chinese laws and domestic media often refer to as “rumors,” still appears ...","China","2019-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [2827,"The challenge of addressing vivid lies spread by America's enemies ...","https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/leeross.pdf","Sep 16, 2019 ... Media attempts to cover that cyber-based disinformation campaign inevitably produce and reinforce complaints of media bias, and American's at opposite ends of ...","US","2019-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [2828,"AI-generated news & misinformation during elections","https://rm.coe.int/session-2-morrow/16809c991c","Sep 15, 2019 ... misinformation during elections. Paige Morrow ... • Law on combatting the manipulation of info. United Kingdom. • White Paper on Online. Harms 'duty of care'. EU ...","EU","2019-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2829,"Diving into the Deep End: Regulating Deepfakes Online","https://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/CommsLawB/2019/24.pdf","Sep 15, 2019 ... dealing under Australia law, was based on footage ... porn or political disinformation. (although other more-targeted laws may apply in those scenarios).","Australia","2019-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [2830,"Facebook's Algorithms, Fake News, and Taiwan's 2018 Local ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/205174/1/Chen-Wen.pdf","Sep 14, 2019 ... Overall, the regional election results favourable to the pro-China KMT struck a great blow to the Taiwanese government led by the DPP (“Five”, 2018). While Ko's ...","China","2019-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [2831,"National Policy Guide","https://ucc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/National-Policy-Guide.pdf","Sep 13, 2019 ... European Union (EU) as a violation of international law. As NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg stated in his 2018 report on Ukraine, “A sovereign ...","EU","2019-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [2832,"Megajournal mismanagement: Manuscript decision bias and ...","https://microblogging.infodocs.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1-s2.0-S1751157718302724-main.pdf","Sep 14, 2019 ... of scientific production, especially in light of disinformation campaigns aimed at discrediting science itself (Editorial, 2017; ... other law schools (Yoon, 2013) ...","EU","2019-09-13T00:00:00"],
    [2833,"Taiwan Security Brief: Disinformation, Cybersecurity, & Energy ...","https://www.stimson.org/wp-content/files/file-attachments/StimsonTaiwanSecurityBrief2019.pdf","Sep 12, 2019 ... en existing pieces of legislation to fight false narratives and disinformation. ... misinformation and disinformation ... See Chien Li-chung et al, “China using ...","China","2019-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [2834,"Fake News and the Role of Semantics and AI (Artificial Intelligence ...","https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/fake-news-and-the-role-of-semantics-and-ai-artificial-intelligence-how-to-recognise-the-falsity-of-the-information.pdf","Sep 12, 2019 ... What are the effects and risks of spreading false news online? The first of the most detrimental effects of fake news are legal. It has to do with possible ...","EU","2019-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [2835,"Regulierung von „Hate Speech“ und „Fake News“ in sozialen ...","https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/662048/190949149266f3df2e27a0f098a53026/WD-10-059-19-pdf-data.pdf","Sep 9, 2019 ... europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018L1808&from=EN [zuletzt abgerufen: 09.09.2019]. Page 8. Wissenschaftliche Dienste. Sachstand. WD 10 - 3000 ...","EU","2019-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [2836,"An Investigation Into Foreign Entities Who Are Targeting ...","https://vva.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/VVA-Investigation.pdf","Sep 7, 2019 ... It is essential to have laws that make certain all evidence of cybercrimes and foreign disinformation campaigns are preserved and that statutes of limitation.","China","2019-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [2837,"THE ROLE OF DEEPFAKES IN MALIGN INFLUENCE CAMPAIGNS","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/web_deep_fakes_report_11-08-2019.pdf","Sep 6, 2019 ... disinformation aims. ... U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 692 ... 32 Warren Strobel, Jonathan Landay, 'Exclusive: U.S. Accuses. China of “Super ...","China","2019-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [2838,"Information avoidance, selective exposure, and fake(?) news: A ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/207083/1/1676287361.pdf","Sep 6, 2019 ... “Political ideology and views about climate change in the European Union”. Environmental Politics 25.2, pp. 338–358. 29. Page 33. Momsen, ...","EU","2019-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [2839,"Prosecuting Vote Suppression by Misinformation","https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=public_integrity","Sep 6, 2019 ... 3 The current fascination in the U.S. regarding fake news ... spread misinformation during the U.S. election, Sen. ... Constitution or from federal law. The breadth ...","US","2019-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [2840,"Sex, Lies, and Videotape: Deep Fakes and Free Speech Delusions","https://repository.law.miami.edu/context/fac_articles/article/1792/viewcontent/Franks_Sex_2019.pdf","Sep 6, 2019 ... See Ari Ezra Waldman, The Marketplace of Fake News, 20 U. PA. J. CONST. L. 845, 847. (2018). 17. 250 U.S. 616, 630 (1919) ( ...","US","2019-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [2841,"Rumour verification through recurring information and an inner ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150410/8/Rumour_Verification_through_recurring_Information_and_Attention_Mechanism_Journal_Version.pdf","Sep 5, 2019 ... headlines that use catchy and exaggerating terms. We use the data repository FakeNewsSet2 provided by [31] for the purpose of fake news headline instances. For ...","Australia","2019-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [2842,"The Global Disinformation Order 2019: Global Inventory of ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/09/CyberTroop-Report19.pdf","Sep 4, 2019 ... China Flexes its Misinformation Muscle. Until ... https://theintercept.com/2015/06/22/controversial-gchq-unit-domestic- law-enforcement-propaganda/ (April 10, ...","China","2019-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [2843,"Information gerrymandering and undemocratic decisions","https://ide.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/2019%20Stewart%20et%20al%20-%20Nature.pdf","Sep 4, 2019 ... Weber, E. U. ... & Rand, D. G. Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality. ... European Union, or whether same sex ...","EU","2019-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [2844,"Strategic narratives and public diplomacy in the Russian news ...","https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/61722/gupea_2077_61722_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Sep 3, 2019 ... signing an association agreement with the EU. ... picked the themes related to disinformation on NATO and the European Union. ... law may not be safe” (item 36).","EU","2019-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2845,"Public accountability:A matter of trust and confidence","https://oag.parliament.nz/2019/public-accountability/docs/public-accountability.pdf","Sep 3, 2019 ... 26 See www.justice.govt.nz and New Zealand Legislation Design and Advisory Committee (2018), Legislation guidelines, page 22. ... in the EU, September 2005, page ...","EU","2019-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [2846,"A Skeptical View of Information Fiduciaries","https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3455&context=faculty_scholarship","Sep 2, 2019 ... and Tim Wu, Opinion, An American Alternative to Europe's Privacy Law, N.Y. ... DISINFORMATION AND \"FAKE NEWS\": FINAL REPORT 20 ... are not laws about shareholder ...","EU","2019-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [2847,"Misinformation spreading on correlated multiplex networks","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00397","Sep 1, 2019 ... ... misinformation from multiple platforms. ... follows a power-law distribution, is p(k) ∼ k−α, where α ... This work was partially supported by the China Post-.","China","2019-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [2848,"Situational Factors Influencing Receptivity to Bullshit","https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=18124&context=fac_pubs","Sep 1, 2019 ... [c] Southeast Louisiana Veteran's Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA. Social Psychological Bulletin, 2019, Vol. 14(3), Article e37393, https://doi.org/ ...","US","2019-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [2849,"The Geopolitics of Information","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/GeopoliticsInformation.pdf","Aug 31, 2019 ... emanated from China, and that18 an aspiring world AI-leader like China ... from foreign disinformation ... to pass a national law that will protect user data, ...","China","2019-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2850,"Disinformation and democracy","https://www.cgi.br/media/atas/Madeleine.pdf","Aug 31, 2019 ... Chair EU HLEG on fake news and online disinformation 2018 ... Austria (1986) case shows that, certainly in value judgments, the legal ... basis, to self-regulatory ...","EU","2019-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2851,"Club Policy","https://coroclub.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Club-Policy.pdf","Aug 31, 2019 ... The Coro Bistro is open Tuesday to Sunday for Lunch & Dinner. Serving Asian & Australian Style meals. There's great value lunch specials too! The Coro Club ...","Australia","2019-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2852,"PROPAGATION OF FAKE NEWS IN SOCIAL MEDIA: A STUDY ...","http://proceeding.conferenceworld.in/22_Mar_Jain_2019/8JySgbRplSJ2.pdf","Aug 31, 2019 ... This paper analyzes the identification, dissemination and its role in the U.S elections by understanding its spread,its role in International and. India, legal ...","US","2019-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2853,"Accountability and Intelligence","https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/9780815737971_ch1.pdf","Aug 31, 2019 ... In recent decades, the United States has encouraged corporate whistleblowing in the finance world through a series of regulations and laws designed to “express ...","US","2019-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [2854,"Content Removal as a Moderation Strategy: Compliance and Other ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3359265","Aug 30, 2019 ... Authors' addresses: Kumar Bhargav Srinivasan, kumar.srinivasan@colorado.edu, University of Colorado Boulder, USA,. Boulder, Colorado, 80309; Cristian Danescu- ...","US","2019-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [2855,"The EU Code of Practice on Disinformation: The Difficulty of ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EU_Code_Practice_Disinformation_Aug_2019.pdf","Aug 29, 2019 ... Self-regulation and ethical standards play a very important role here. Social media platforms and users are acting to expose fake news and unmask the source. I ...","EU","2019-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [2856,"FAKE NEWS AND SMALL TRUTHS: A REFLECTION ON THE ...","https://www.scielo.br/j/tce/a/CyRLNrYhwfhRqxBLY39dngP/?lang=en&format=pdf","Aug 29, 2019 ... Let us take advantage of a recent phenomenon that ... critical thinking skills, especially with the aim of qualifying reasoning and clinical judgment. ... Only if, ...","US","2019-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [2857,"Combating disinformation and foreign interference in democracies ...","https://mediawell.ssrc.org/news-items/combating-disinformation-and-foreign-interference-in-democracies-lessons-from-europe-brookings/?pdf=52551","Aug 27, 2019 ... Later, Putin turned to weakening the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union. (EU)—bringing Western European democracies and the United ...","EU","2019-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2858,"Beliefs about Racial Discrimination and Support for Pro-Black Policies","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/207219/1/cesifo1_wp7828.pdf","Aug 27, 2019 ... “Racial inequality due to effort” is people's agreement to the following statement: “Differences in economic outcomes between whites and blacks are primarily ...","EU","2019-08-27T00:00:00"],
    [2859,"Running head: Illusory Truth","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10190136","Aug 26, 2019 ... In real life, we often encounter misinformation (e.g., The U.S. has the cleanest air in the world) well before we need to make important judgments (e.g., ...","US","2019-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [2860,"Conversation Guide: Fake News","https://livingroomconversations.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/NEW-Fake-News.pdf","Aug 25, 2019 ... You might enjoy exploring how others' experiences have shaped their values and perspectives. ○ Show respect and suspend judgment. ​People tend to judge one ...","US","2019-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [2861,"Fake news on drugs: post-truth and misinformation","https://www.scielo.br/j/sausoc/a/8Rc9tGxtmNdd3Yk6m3TZRLs/?lang=en&format=pdf","Aug 23, 2019 ... Será? (Pill makes street cleaner become Federal Revenue technician! Is it true?) f11. Neymar é flagrado fumando maconha! Será verdade? (Neymar is spotted ...","US","2019-08-23T00:00:00"],
    [2862,"Presidential Public Diplomacy 2.0: Seven Lessons to Prevent Fire in ...","https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/29412/1/Presidential%20public%20diplomacy%202.0%20Seven%20lessons%20to%20prevent%20fire%20in%20Cyberspace.pdf","Aug 22, 2019 ... The debate took place after the European Union–Mercosur Trade Agreement announcement on June 28, 2019. (European Commission, 2019), and before the 45th G7 ...","EU","2019-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [2863,"Dropping the Baton?: Understanding Errors and Bottlenecks in a ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3359238","Aug 22, 2019 ... Such data offers an unprecedented opportunity to develop a deeper and more global view of the world, but also poses the risk of spreading misinformation and ...","US","2019-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [2864,"False memories for fake news during Ireland's abortion referendum ...","https://cora.ucc.ie/bitstreams/f19f2f44-c60a-4340-a29c-ae3ebdf4aeaf/download","Aug 21, 2019 ... The Save the 8th campaign was forced to destroy 25,000 campaign posters after evidence emerged that the posters were bought using funding received from American ...","US","2019-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [2865,"Fake News and Social Media: Indian Perspective","https://d-nb.info/1267625694/34","Aug 17, 2019 ... for its role in the propagation of fake news during the US 2016 Presidential Election. ... (Malaysia's anti-fake news legislation becomes law, is now enforceable, ...","US","2019-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [2866,"Social Media, Disinformation and Electoral Integrity: IFES Working ...","https://www.eods.eu/library/IFES_2019_SocialMediaDisinfromationElectoralIntegrity.pdf","Aug 16, 2019 ... by IFES to conduct a global survey of legal and regulatory responses to disinformation. ... misinformation online. ... China's. Development Finance to Africa: A ...","China","2019-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [2867,"White Noise: Pro-Government Tactics to Shape Xinjiang Discourse ...","https://gsp.yale.edu/sites/default/files/gsp-made-wp2-lam-lange-white-noise.pdf","Aug 15, 2019 ... Despite Twitter being blocked in China, tweets classified as supportive of. Chinese state narratives accounted for a relatively high proportion of the ...","China","2019-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2868,"HR Policy I5 - Public interest disclosure","https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/164105/qh-pol-202.pdf","Aug 15, 2019 ... a Member of the Legislative Assembly. External proper authorities include: •. CCC – for corrupt conduct, including reprisal. •. Queensland Ombudsman – for ...","Australia","2019-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2869,"Battling Information Illiteracy","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26747398","Aug 15, 2019 ... This tweet was a state- ment by a US ... determined by misinformation and disinformation ... The US has no compre- hensive strategy for information policy or an ...","US","2019-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [2870,"Fox News Network's Dangerous Climate Denial 2019 | Public Citizen","https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/public-citizen-fox-new-climate-denial-report-2019.pdf","Aug 13, 2019 ... U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (AOC) has ... for spreading misinformation about climate change. ... Chris Horner is a senior legal fellow for the Energy and ...","US","2019-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [2871,"Regulatory Guide RG 247 Effective disclosure in an operating and ...","https://download.asic.gov.au/media/5230063/rg247-published-12-august-2019.pdf","Aug 12, 2019 ... legislation (primarily the Corporations Act) ... The responsibility of assessing whether the OFR requirements are satisfied lies ultimately with the directors.","China","2019-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [2872,"Ministerial Policy Statement FY2018/19","https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/browser?id=8d633f57-30ac-42be-9122-c38316c56279%3B1.0","Aug 12, 2019 ... ... legal frameworks for vulnerable persons at all ... Misinformation/Negative campaign by saboteurs for ... EU completed; and. - 600 youth admitted at the skills ...","EU","2019-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [2873,"FAKEDETECTOR: Effective Fake News Detection with Deep ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.08751","Aug 10, 2019 ... According to the plot, the creator-article publishing records follow the power law distribution. For a large proportion of the creators, they have merely ...","EU","2019-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [2874,"continuous disclosure and shareholder communications policy","https://www.advancedshare.com.au/Assets/file/Forms/Continuous-disclosure-and-shareholder-communications-policy.pdf","Aug 10, 2019 ... it would be a breach of a law to disclose the information; ... misinformation or materially incomplete information in the market which is ... ASIC means the ...","Australia","2019-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [2875,"Explainability in AI Policies: A Critical Review of Communications ...","https://research.tudelft.nl/files/155672256/3593013.3594074.pdf","Aug 9, 2019 ... The Communication states that the EU's approach to AI regulation is based on the principles of transparency, accountabil- ity, and human oversight. Regarding ...","EU","2019-08-09T00:00:00"],
    [2876,"Tracking Digital Disinformation in the 2019 Philippine Midterm Election","https://www.newmandala.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Digital-Disinformation-2019-Midterms.pdf","Aug 8, 2019 ... distinguishes disinformation from misinformation ... Activists burn a mock Chinese flag with a map of the South China sea during a protest in ... anti-fake news law ...","China","2019-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [2877,"Counterfeit Campaign Speech","https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2966&context=facpubs","Aug 7, 2019 ... '” (citing Eu v. S.F. Democratic Cty. Cent. Comm ... by a torrent of constant misinformation, people simply start to give up . ... Chen continues, “the regulation ...","EU","2019-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [2878,"Information Integrity in the Era of Fake News","https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/21965/AR_3314_R%C3%BCgenhagen_Beck_Sartorius_Preprint_BFP_2020.pdf?sequence=1","Aug 7, 2019 ... misinformation, disinformation, censorship and fake news. ... judgment [are] clouding your ability to discern ... Available at https://headt.eu/An-Introduction-to- ...","EU","2019-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [2879,"Mistake as an Unjust Factor: Autonomy and Unjust Enrichment","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:736155ae-db57-4918-a3d9-a30a04fd1ec6/files/mefb24459a55d0e7c076cd57a28d5d62c","Aug 5, 2019 ... This thesis is about the law of mistake in the law of unjust enrichment. It argues that a particular, autonomy-based normative account explains and ...","Australia","2019-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [2880,"How Prior Testing Impacts Misinformation Processing: A Dual-Task ...","https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=psychology-faculty","Aug 5, 2019 ... 1Assumption College, 2Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 3Harvard Law School, ... We hoped this manipulation would give us some insight into the temporal boundaries ...","US","2019-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [2881,"A scientific theory of gist communication and misinformation ...","https://hdpublications.human.cornell.edu/hdpublic/docs/Reyna-2021-AScientificTheoryofGistCommunication.pdf","Aug 4, 2019 ... Coun- terintuitive reversals across age were originally demonstrated in. FTT's research on judgment-and-decision biases in children and adolescents. Like memory ...","US","2019-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [2882,"Political Speech on Social Media Platforms: An Initiative to Create ...","https://www.cbi.org/assets/news/FINAL_Summary_Political-Speech_Social-Media.pdf","Aug 2, 2019 ... Government actors should act on, amend, or develop laws and regulations that incentivize the removal of disinformation (e.g. Titles 10 and 50, and Section 230 ...","EU","2019-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [2883,"The reach of commercially motivated junk news on Facebook","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220446&type=printable","Aug 1, 2019 ... entists studying fact-checking and misinformation on the platform [38,39]. ... The challenge of automated political communication for election law and ...","EU","2019-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [2884,"Defending Elections Against Malicious Spread of Misinformation","https://bryanwilder.github.io/files/aaai_election_defense.pdf","Jul 30, 2019 ... tions via misinformation, such as fake news. ... dient ascent, which takes a gradient step followed by Eu-.","EU","2019-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [2885,"Legal Responsibility on Errors of the Artificial Intelligence- based ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/295409206.pdf","Jul 31, 2019 ... https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-divided-over-robot-ai-artificial-intelligence-personhood/, accessed on March 16th, 2019. 12. Kyree Leary,“The Verdict Is ...","EU","2019-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [2886,"Fake News: the failures of big tech and education – International ...","https://research.tees.ac.uk/files/9742195/Fake_News_the_failures_of_big_tech_and_education_International_Professional_Development_Association.pdf","Jul 30, 2019 ... The American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) spokesperson Gwenn O'Keeffe, cautioned parents around the dangers of social networking even after the legal age of 13 ...","US","2019-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [2887,"Taiwan and the CCP's “Public Opinion Warfare”","https://www.pf.org.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/003/f1646210656078.pdf","Jul 29, 2019 ... Lin Ying Yu, “China's Hybrid Warfare and Taiwan: How China could use 'fake news' and ... misinformation-actions/>. ... amend the law to punish fake news. Further, ...","China","2019-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2888,"(Mis)Information Operations: An Integrated Perspective","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26894683","Jul 29, 2019 ... of emerging misinformation. ... Associated Press 2019, EU election prompts removal of fake Italian Facebook accounts, CBC, ... Spada, MM & Marino, C 2017, ' ...","EU","2019-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [2889,"Digital literacy anD ProPaganDa","https://mediaeducationlab.com/sites/default/files/ms_vol10_br19_uvodnik_azurirana_verzija.pdf","Jul 26, 2019 ... climate change, civil rights, crime and law enforcement, food and nutrition, politics and ... in the EU Kids Online project. Danijel Labaš and ... in fake news, ...","EU","2019-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [2890,"Credibility and Transparency of News Sources: Data Collection and ...","https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2411/paper3.pdf","Jul 25, 2019 ... Misinformation is interchangeably used with the ... 825297 WeVer- ify (http://weverify.eu) and the Deutsche Forschungs-.","EU","2019-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [2891,"Posverdad y fake news: propaganda y autoritarismo en el siglo XXI","http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:masterFilosofiaFilosofiaPractica-Fbacker/De_Backer_Frederick_TFM.pdf","Jul 24, 2019 ... https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT ... Monique Goyens, 21/08/2018, EU elections in the era of fake news, Friends of Europe, ... misinformation-election- ...","EU","2019-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [2892,"The use of evidence in decision-making during public health ...","https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/use-of-evidence-in-decision-making-during-public-health-emergencies_0.pdf","Jul 23, 2019 ... Moreover, many of today's health crises are cross-border, and European legislation, such as Decision 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and.","EU","2019-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [2893,"Privacy Policies Caught between the Legal and the Ethical ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3427207_code3631993.pdf?abstractid=3427207&mirid=1","Jul 22, 2019 ... The most forcible reaction to date has come from the European Union who has stepped in with its General. Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In force since 25 ...","EU","2019-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2894,"Fake News: desinformación en la era de la sociedad de la información","https://institucional.us.es/revistas/Ambitos/45/Mon/Fake_News-_desinformacion_en_la_era_de_la_sociedad_de_la_informacion__.pdf","Jul 22, 2019 ... Aviso legal de El Mundo Today. Fuente: El Mundo Today ... Tal es el caso de The Onion (EEUU), The Shovel (Australia), Waterford Wishpers ... New York: Routledge.","Australia","2019-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2895,"Pew Research Center, July 2019, “Trust and Distrust in America”","https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/07/PEW-RESEARCH-CENTER_TRUST-DISTRUST-IN-AMERICA-REPORT_2019-07-22-1.pdf","Jul 22, 2019 ... % of U.S. adults who have ____ in the American people to … ... dissemination of misinformation. Beyond that ... American people would obey federal and state laws.","US","2019-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2896,"The disinformation landscape and the lockdown of social platforms","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1648536","Jul 22, 2019 ... Benkler, Y., Faris, R., & Roberts, H. (2018). Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and Radicalization in American politics. New York, US: Oxford ...","US","2019-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [2897,"Mocked and shamed: Satirical news and its effects on organizational ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7481&context=lkcsb_research","Jul 21, 2019 ... spread of misinformation (Pang, 2013). ... 4). Proscriptive variables are moral, legal and regulatory elements that may ... Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved on ...","Australia","2019-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [2898,"The self-presentational consequences of upholding one's stance in ...","https://www.hbs.edu/ris/download.aspx?name=John%20et%20al%20-%20self-presentational%20consequences.pdf","Jul 22, 2019 ... judgment due to misinformation or situational pressures); however, in this exploration, we consider them to be conceptually similar. And in fact, data from.","US","2019-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [2899,"Parody: Fake News, Regeneration and Education","https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/103317021/Sinclair2019_Article_ParodyFakeNewsRegenerationAndE.pdf","Jul 20, 2019 ... abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy. The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that ...","EU","2019-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [2900,"ELICITING INFORMATION ABOUT CONVERSATIONS Who said ...","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/13817946/Who_said_what_and_when.pdf","Jul 20, 2019 ... Why our memory fails us. The. New York Times ... Milne (Eds.), Communication in investigative and legal contexts: integrated approaches from forensic psychology, ...","US","2019-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [2901,"CLICKBAIT AND EMOTIONAL LANGUAGE IN FAKE NEWS","https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~ml/papers/li2019-thesis.pdf","Jul 19, 2019 ... A categorical emotional assignment cannot tell us “which sentence is more emotionally ... marital law. 1.6. 2.6. Typo in \"marital\" and ... misinformation and fake ...","US","2019-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [2902,"Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information During ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305119863147","Jul 18, 2019 ... But increasingly, social media has emerged as a fertile soil for deliberately produced misinformation campaigns, conspiracy, and extremist alternative media.","EU","2019-07-18T00:00:00"],
    [2903,"Financial Transparency of Media 2019","http://mdfgeorgia.ge/uploads/Financial%20Transparency%20of%20Media%202019.pdf","Jul 18, 2019 ... According to the amendments made to the Law of Georgia on Broadcasting on February 21, 2018, the budgetary funding of GPB constitutes no less than 0.14% of the ...","EU","2019-07-18T00:00:00"],
    [2904,"Managing Misinformation in a Humanitarian Context","https://internews.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/Rumor_Tracking_Mods_3_How-to-Guide.pdf","Jul 17, 2019 ... complicated legal and policy information to be ... to share with us? However, the process to obtain ... What caused this rumour? (Misinformation, disinformation or ...","US","2019-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [2905,"Using Corrupt Practices as Foreign Policy Tools","https://ti-defence.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/DSP_CorruptionasStatecraft_251119.pdf","Jul 15, 2019 ... China's claims in the South China Sea. ... cyber attacks, fake news, and the legal implications of ... portugal-wavers-xi-jinping-presses-europe-belt-and-road. 90 ...","China","2019-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2906,"Can presidential misinformation on climate change be corrected ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053168019864784","Jul 15, 2019 ... We once again asked all subjects to rate their level of agreement with Trump's misstatement. In both experiments, after measuring factual beliefs we asked a ...","China","2019-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2907,"The War on Pineapple: Understanding Foreign Interference in 5 Steps","https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1008_cisa_the-war-on-pineapple-understanding-foreign-interference-in-5-steps.pdf","Jul 15, 2019 ... PINEAPPLE. PIZZA. CONTROVERSY. ROCKS THE US! Being anti-pineapple is un-American! Foreign influencers “fan the flames” by creating.","US","2019-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2908,"Towards fake news detection in Portuguese: New dataset and a ...","https://lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/198538/001098447.pdf?sequence=1","Jul 15, 2019 ... This is helpful as, for instance, it enables us to use larger input datasets without necessarily labeling all data. The fake news detection, as a classification ...","US","2019-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [2909,"Artificial Intelligence, Data, Ethics: An Holistic Approach for Risks ...","https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02181597/document","Jul 12, 2019 ... Data privacy regarding their consequences is analysed in several papers in relation with the legal country rules, Ram et al. (2016) for China, and Goodman and ...","China","2019-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [2910,"A response to fake news as a response to <italic toggle='yes ...","https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3341223","Jul 12, 2019 ... Computability theory has much to add to legal practice in the de- sign of better systems. In 2010, U.S. law became unam- biguous. The landmark case Citizens.","US","2019-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [2911,"Consultation and Selective Censorship in China","http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~yutzung/html/class-x/lecture/2.%20Consultation%20and%20Selective%20Censorship%20in%20China.pdf","Jul 10, 2019 ... How likely is it that consultation-inspired, solicited criticism is influencing King et al.'s conclusions? Part of the answer lies in the data-generating ...","China","2019-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [2912,"Communicating to and engaging with the public in regulatory ...","https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170717","Jul 9, 2019 ... misinformation and fake news has led to ... EFSA's partners working in food safety across the European Union (EU) ... Law, the regulation that established the ...","EU","2019-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [2913,"Combatting Targeted Disinformation Campaigns","https://www.hsdl.org/c/view?docid=845040","Jul 9, 2019 ... Support for government legislation promoting transparency and authenticity of online political content. We support passage of the Honest Ads Act, which would ...","EU","2019-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [2914,"POLICY ON ELECTION PETITIONS","https://www.boe.ohio.gov/licking/c/Petitions.pdf","Jul 9, 2019 ... law.” State ex rel. McMillan v. Ashtabula Cty. Bd ... (candidate's reliance on the misinformation of the board employee does not estop the board from ... www.sos.","US","2019-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [2915,"Decoupling debunked: Evidence and arguments against green ...","https://eeb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Decoupling-Debunked.pdf","Jul 8, 2019 ... in China (Pitron and Védrine, 2018). Let us take ... This means that because of unescapable laws of nature (here the entropy law), the technically feasible ...","China","2019-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2916,"DISINFORMATION GOES SOUTH","https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep21359","Jul 7, 2019 ... Almost a million US dollars had been spent on discrediting opposition figures. By the time. Facebook decided to intervene, numerous elections had already been ...","US","2019-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2917,"Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC","https://www.hirondelle.org/media/k2/attachments/ReportZSocialZInfluencersZDRC_FH_DEMOS_HHI_ICREDES_ENG_20190004.pdf","Jul 7, 2019 ... misinformation that circulates through social media platforms. ... Need for legislation to regulate social networks. ... The most common link was to an article ...","US","2019-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [2918,"Republican National Committee: News clippings and publications ...","https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/finding-aids/pdf/republican-national-committee-newsclippings.pdf","Jul 4, 2019 ... International Law: (International Rules of Judicial Procedure) ... Foreign Policy - China The China Sell-Out. Foreign ... Stop the Lies! 1963 Tax Bill (1)-(6). 715.","China","2019-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [2919,"Online Harms White Paper","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/2431/2431.pdf","Jul 2, 2019 ... catalogued the (unresolved) consequences of this during the 2016 EU Referendum ... Disinformation and 'fake news'. ... As a result,. I believe that the Government ...","EU","2019-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [2920,"Vaccine hesitancy and (fake) news: Quasi‐experimental evidence ...","https://repub.eur.nl/pub/119302/Repub_119302_O-A.pdf","Jul 2, 2019 ... In the field of immuniza- tion, the Ministry of Health, in agreement with the State‐Region Conference, issues the Italian National Immunization Prevention Plan ...","EU","2019-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [2921,"Info Power News","https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/mccoe/iop/Info_Power_News_2019_Edition_3.pdf","Jul 1, 2019 ... “China's leaders have benefited from what they ... ask for advice about jihadism, Islamic law, and the Islamic State. ... fake news\" tear. A Pew survey last year ...","China","2019-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [2922,"Big Brother's regional ripple effect: Singapore's recent “fake news ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0306422019858296","Jun 30, 2019 ... even more authoritarian states, such as China. “I expect we will next see copycat 'fake news' laws modelled on Singapore's law from the likes of Cambodia ...","China","2019-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [2923,"Common Law Fraudulent Misrepresentation and Negligent ...","https://www.gtlaw.com/-/media/files/insights/published-articles/2019/06/common-law-fraudulent-and-negligent-misrepresentation.pdf","Jun 30, 2019 ... U.S. Installment Realty Co. v. De Lancy Co., 188 N.W. 212. (Minn. 1922). Rescission voids the contract and returns the parties to the position they occupied ...","US","2019-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [2924,"Governmental Update, Auditing Update and Things that Keep Us Up ...","https://www.maine.gov/osc/sites/maine.gov.osc/files/inline-files/OSCAudit_Ethics_GASBTrainingMay2019.pdf","Jun 30, 2019 ... • Primary federal law is Securities Act of 1933, even though exempt ... HOW WAS FRAUD DETECTED IN THE US ... • Huge amount of misinformation (2016 election was ' ...","US","2019-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [2925,"Communication and Resource Conflict Resolution: The Case of ...","https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JRDM/article/download/48637/50241","Jun 30, 2019 ... Similarly, Ibaji. Local government of Kogi State was reported to have in the past brought a law suit against Enugu-Otu Aguleri over the ownership of some ...","Australia","2019-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [2926,"Misinformation, digital literacy and the school curriculum","http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101083/6/Misinformation_digital_literacy_and_the_school_curriculum_updated_Sept_2019_.pdf","Jun 28, 2019 ... sometimes legal resistance. The challenge is ... Livingstone and McDougall as part of a wider mapping exercise at EU level. ... fabricated misinformation (that is, ...","EU","2019-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [2927,"PROTECTING ELECTIONS FROM DISINFORMATION: A M ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3671942_code648542.pdf?abstractid=3589714&mirid=1","Jun 25, 2019 ... Kingdom) have preferred self-regulation, while EU members are more likely to use co-regulation and legal regulation. Id. at 20. Electronic copy available at ...","EU","2019-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [2928,"Unauthorized Enrollments: Using the Health Insurance Casework ...","https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/ENR_HealthInsuranceCaseworkSystem_UE_062419_5CR_071519.pdf","Jun 24, 2019 ... This communication was printed, published, or produced and disseminated at U.S. taxpayer expense. ... misinformation on applications (such as incorrect SSN,.","US","2019-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [2929,"A New Kind of Voter Suppression in Modern Elections","https://www.memphis.edu/law/documents/03_ravel.pdf","Jun 22, 2019 ... [to voter ID laws] assert that . . . the burdens of the laws are enough to suppress voting, especially among poor and minority Ameri- cans.”); see also RICHARD ...","EU","2019-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [2930,"Russian Disinformation Efforts On Social Media","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1170898.pdf","Jun 22, 2019 ... ... Disinformation,” EU vs. Disinfo, Janu- ary 3 ... combat disinformation start with limiting misinformation. ... In 2019, Russia adopted a fake-news law, penalizing ...","EU","2019-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [2931,"“Fake news,” misinformation, and political bias: Teaching news ...","https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=lib_staffpub","Jun 22, 2019 ... Implementation. Below is the step-by-step process we used in our “fake news” and misinformation workshop. ... This allows us to connect the session content to ...","US","2019-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [2932,"The Protection of Know-how in Switzerland and in China","https://mll-legal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/190620_The_Protection_of_Know-How_in_Switzerland_and_China__Slides_handouts_.pdf","Jun 20, 2019 ... Legal Landscape – China. ▫ Labor Law (1995) ... China - Handout. 4. Civil Liability – China ... ▫ Burden of proof generally lies with the owner of the trade secret ...","China","2019-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [2933,"The “Macron Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem | Atlantic Council","https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The_Macron_Leaks_Operation-A_Post-Mortem.pdf","Jun 20, 2019 ... 7. David Spencer, “Fake news: How China is ... Distortions, Rumours, Untruths, Misinformation, and Smears, ed. ... legal prob- lems. As early as May 6, 2017, half a ...","China","2019-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [2934,"Theme (concept) paper - Evidence-based risk communication in the ...","https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/sp.efsa.2022.e200508","Jun 20, 2019 ... ... eu/publications. EFSA Supporting ... EU food safety system, as recognised in the Transparency Regulation. ... misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation.","EU","2019-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [2935,"A 'legacy' of uncertainty","https://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawSocCConsc/2019/16.pdf","Jun 20, 2019 ... 25 However, if misinformation is considered to be a ... Australia, among other requirements. 12 Migration ... International Law 522, 541; Migration. Act (n 2) s 5.","Australia","2019-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [2936,"Misinformation, Disinformation, and Malinformation During the ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=72731da4-9be3-4345-98b4-42f98caa674d&subId=685064","Jun 19, 2019 ... 1 We employ the EU definitions, where misinformation is unintentional, disinformation is ... “fake news”, encompassing exactly the kind of misinformation, ...","EU","2019-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [2937,"NEWS & MEDIA","https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/nmrc/about-us/annual-reports/N-and-MRC-2018-annual-report.pdf","Jun 18, 2019 ... Comparative approaches: misinformation and disinformation in the Australian and US media fields, and beyond. • How are foreign or domestic strategic actors ...","Australia","2019-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [2938,"How journalists and human rights defenders are targeted online","https://www.accessnow.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MENA-report.pdf","Jun 18, 2019 ... ... us at different levels of risk, from making us ... Notably, authorities across MENA are leveraging accusations of spreading misinformation (“fake news”) and are ...","US","2019-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [2939,"Online Platforms' Moderation of Illegal Content Online","https://researchportal.unamur.be/files/54626999/8590.pdf","Jun 17, 2019 ... Summary of the EU regulatory framework. 32. 2.3. EU rules regarding the moderation of online disinformation. 34. 2.4. Summary of some national laws and ...","EU","2019-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [2940,"Populist Attitudes and Selective Exposure to Online News: A Cross ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1940161220907018","Jun 16, 2019 ... ... EU GDPR (General Data. Protection Regulation) regulations.4 The company is ... “Fighting Misinformation on Social Media. Using Crowdsourced Judgments of News ...","EU","2019-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [2941,"Combating Strategic Weapons of Influence on Social Media","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1080481.pdf","Jun 15, 2019 ... types of misinformation and disinformation ... under U.S. law in furtherance of their propaganda goals. ... Junk News on Military Affairs and National Security: ...","US","2019-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2942,"Correcting Fear-arousing Disinformation on Social Media in the ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/232259922.pdf","Jun 15, 2019 ... In addition, vaccination rates have declined in the U.S. due to growing skepticism of vaccination (Mccoy,. 2015) that comes from a possible connection between ...","US","2019-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [2943,"Language Matters: Dangers of the “Natural Disaster” Misnomer","https://www.preventionweb.net/files/65974_f410finalkseniachmutinalanguagematt.pdf","Jun 14, 2019 ... We are therefore compelled to consider the legal, political, and moral aspects of vulnerability, and ask difficult questions of those with decision-making.","Australia","2019-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [2944,"Injunctions Against False Advertising Florian Baumann, Alexander ...","https://www.dice.hhu.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Fakultaeten/Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche_Fakultaet/DICE/Discussion_Paper/314_Baumann_Rasch.pdf","Jun 14, 2019 ... http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A61998CJ0465 ... misinformation (counter-advertising, taxation, and product regulation).","EU","2019-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [2945,"U.S. Initiatives to Counter Harmful Speech and Disinformation on ...","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/US_Initatives_Harmful_Speech_Disinformation-1.pdf","Jun 11, 2019 ... Al Jazeera, RT and Sputnik, China Daily, Korean broadcaster KBS America, and Japanese broadcaster NHK. Cosmomedia have registered under the law. Some civil ...","China","2019-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [2946,"Data quality and artificial intelligence – mitigating bias and error to ...","https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2019-data-quality-and-ai_en.pdf","Jun 11, 2019 ... The European Union's strong fundamental rights framework, as enshrined in the. Charter of Fundamental Rights and related case law, provides guidance for the ...","EU","2019-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [2947,"The reach of commercially motivated junk news on Facebook","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.07290","Jun 11, 2019 ... ... misinformation: evi- dence from the consumption ... cation for election law and administration. ... facebook.com/ongelofelijk.eu facebook.com/pranksternl facebook ...","EU","2019-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [2948,"Fake news, Desinformação e Liberdade de Expressão","https://bibliotecadigital.tse.jus.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/bdtse/7624/2019_toffoli_fake_news_desinformacao.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jun 9, 2019 ... Disponível em: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-. -release_IP-18-1746_pt.htm. Acesso em: 9 jun. 2019.. pela propagação de notícias falsas do que os robôs ...","EU","2019-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [2949,"Understanding and countering misinformation about climate change","https://www.reteclima.it/wp-content/uploads/Cook_2019_climate_misinformation-1.pdf","Jun 8, 2019 ... John Cook. George Mason University, USA. ABSTRACT. While there is overwhelming scientific agreement on climate change, the public have become polarized.","Australia","2019-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [2950,"Protecting the child consumer from misleading advertising: A ...","https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/files/53087177/Protecting_the_child_consumer_from_misleading_advertising_A_comparison_of_media_regulation_and_consumer_protection_approaches_2019_26_CCLJ_238.pdf","Jun 7, 2019 ... Part IV then examines the prohibitions against misleading conduct in the. Australian Consumer Law ('ACL') and their possible application for the protection of ...","Australia","2019-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [2951,"Il Code of Practice on Disinformation. Note sulla natura giuridica di ...","https://www.astrid-online.it/static/upload/0506/05062019140405.pdf","Jun 5, 2019 ... regulation in European Contract Law, 2007, in www.eui.eu. 39 Infatti, in dottrina si specifica che “con la locuzione Self-Regulation si allude a quei casi ...","EU","2019-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2952,"Leaks and the Limits of Press Freedom","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45217312","Jun 5, 2019 ... europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news ... In conclusion, both self-regulation and no regulation have been shown to be problematic, ... expression (hate speech, ...","EU","2019-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [2953,"Critical Information Literacy as a Path to Resist “Fake News ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2019-0019/pdf","Jun 3, 2019 ... ... judgment. In their research, Allcott and Gentzkow ... misinformation (the inadvertent sharing of false information) and disinformation (deliberate creation and.","EU","2019-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2954,"The role of pseudo-cognitive authorities and self-deception in the ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2019-0009/pdf","Jun 3, 2019 ... It is a war of disinformation, misinformation, lies, and obfuscation against the evidence and truth, and for power and greed trolling simplistic solutions to ...","EU","2019-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2955,"Information ACTism in “Trumping” the Contemporary Fake News ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2019-0013/pdf","Jun 3, 2019 ... Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has played a major role in its pervasive adoption and spread of misinformation and disinformation ...","US","2019-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [2956,"FROM PROPAGANDA TO NEW PUBLIC DIPLOMACY ...","https://www.unisci.es/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/UNISCIDP50-8TUNON.pdf","Jun 2, 2019 ... ... fake news”. Aside from such verified ... In times of disinformation and fake news,10 journalists should be ... Investment Treaty (TTIP) between the EU and the USA.","EU","2019-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [2957,"\"Fake News\" in: The International Encyclopedia of Journalism ...","https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thorsten-Quandt/publication/332749986_Fake_News/links/5ce64720a6fdccc9ddc70bd2/Fake-News.pdf","Jun 2, 2019 ... The inflationary use of the term since 2016—most notably by the presidential candidate and later U.S. President Donald Trump—changed its meaning, so the concept ...","US","2019-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [2958,"The Common Agricultural Policy: Separating fact from fiction","https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-05/cap-separating-facts-from-fiction_en_0.pdf","May 31, 2019 ... The EU should do something about this. The Commission is committed to tackling unfair trading practices within the agri-food chain; the EU has new legislation ...","EU","2019-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [2959,"Forensis: The Architecture of Public Truth","https://content.forensic-architecture.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Forensis-interior-FINAL.pdf","May 31, 2019 ... ... Legal Ruptures: A conversation with Michael Sfard ... (EU), Serbia is today required to fulfill a long ... fake, after several of its pages had been ...","EU","2019-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [2960,"Fighting Fake News","https://www.defindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Whose-Responsibility-Is-It_V7.pdf","May 31, 2019 ... In so many cases, we have seen the power of crowd on social media as well as messaging platforms forcing authorities to take decisions to change laws, bring ...","Australia","2019-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [2961,"Misinformation or mismatch? Decomposing the gap between higher ...","https://novafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2019-05-21.NovAfrica.pdf","May 31, 2019 ... Misinformation or mismatch? ... Social Sciences and Law, Natural Sciences, Engineering, Agriculture and Health). ... converted to US$ at an exchange rate of 60 ...","US","2019-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [2962,"The (Null) Effects of Clickbait Headlines on Polarization, Trust and ...","https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/clickbait_POQ-71.pdf","May 30, 2019 ... fake news on Facebook in the 2016 US ... data, Guess, Nyhan, and Reifler (2017) conclude that the average number of times US internet users viewed Fake News ...","US","2019-05-30T00:00:00"],
    [2963,"Defending Against Neural Fake News","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10107992","May 29, 2019 ... The recent passage of the Defense Authorization. Act, to cite just one example, which codifies within the law the requirement that presidents get an honest.","Australia","2019-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [2964,"Your Honor, on Social Media: The Judicial Ethics of Bots and Bubbles","https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1794&context=nlj","May 28, 2019 ... Burkhardt, Social Media Bots: How They. Spread Misinformation, AM. ... Law Students Insight on Judicial Decisions, U. ... The U.S. Judicial Conference Committee on ...","US","2019-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [2965,"The Impact of Fake News and the Emerging Post-Truth Political Era ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/228084311.pdf","May 27, 2019 ... Direct democracy: Government of the people, by the people and for the people. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 34, 819-826. Ezema, I. J., Ezeah, C. S., ...","EU","2019-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [2966,"Health Misinformation and the Power of Narrative Messaging in the ...","https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bioethics/2019-v2-n2-bioethics04449/1060911ar.pdf","May 24, 2019 ... The law of negligent and fraudulent misrepresentation is also useful for all manner of claims that are false and relied upon [112]. And when health care.","US","2019-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [2967,"Translating Principles into Practices of Digital Ethics: Five Risks of ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/FLOTPI-2","May 23, 2019 ... Ethics greenwashing and bluewashing are forms of misinformation, often achieved ... law-makers or whenever ... A system of governance for artificial intelligence ...","EU","2019-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [2968,"CHAPTER 1 Data Politics1","https://research.gold.ac.uk/24516/1/CH1_BigoIsinRuppert.pdf","May 23, 2019 ... financing and media alliances – we now have misinformation, disinformation ... corporate forms of data and struggle for rights through legal and regulatory ...","EU","2019-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [2969,"In Defense of Truth: A reply to 57 Reading Voices on the Issue of ...","https://www.thereadingleague.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Dykstra-Response-to-57-Voices-on-Dyslexia.pdf","May 23, 2019 ... By promoting this misinformation, the signers themselves are responsible for ... University of South Australia ... It is often referred to as. “learning disorder.” ...","Australia","2019-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [2970,"Fraud Ethics Integrity and and Corruption","https://www.eca.europa.eu/lists/ecadocuments/journal19_02/journal19_02.pdf","May 22, 2019 ... extreme lies. ... Treaty, staff regulations, financial regulations, the ECA ethical guidelines, code of ... China's biggest trading partner. In recent years ...","China","2019-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [2971,"Unsubstantiated Allegations and Organizational Culture","https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2643&context=sulr","May 22, 2019 ... In some instances, these internal investigations are explicitly required by law (e.g., for allegations of harassment or discrimination). In other instances, the ...","China","2019-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [2972,"Artificial intelligence, data protection and elections","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2019/637952/EPRS_ATA(2019)637952_EN.pdf","May 21, 2019 ... binding as EU primary law since the Lisbon Treaty, and in Article 16 TFEU. ... unlawful data processing and disinformation/manipulation of data revealed have ...","EU","2019-05-21T00:00:00"],
    [2973,"The European Union approach to disinformation and misinformation","https://repository.gchumanrights.org/bitstreams/f5a6d37f-656d-4786-8a3f-93415d1bc9fc/download","May 20, 2019 ... Key words: fake news, disinformation, misinformation, co-regulation, Russian disinformation campaigns, European Union, 2019 European Parliament elections.","EU","2019-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [2974,"Understanding Citizens' Vulnerabilities to Disinformation and Data ...","https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC116009/understanding_citizens_vulnerabilities_to_disinformation.pdf","May 18, 2019 ... 1.1 Disinformation, Misinformation, and Distorted Perceptions. ... 230 The new rules take the form of amendments to the 2014 regulation governing ... Russia, China, ...","China","2019-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [2975,"New York's 2014 Law to Protect Consumers from Surprise Out-of ...","https://chirblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Georgetown_StateBased-NY-Billing_May2019.pdf","May 17, 2019 ... CHIR faculty and staff study health insurance underwriting, marketing and products, as well as the complex and developing relationship between state and federal ...","US","2019-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [2976,"Disinformation and democracy: The home front in the information war","https://www.epc.eu/content/PDF/2019/190130_Disinformationdemocracy_PB.pdf","May 15, 2019 ... Existing measures and their challenges. 9. 3.1 Online platforms and self-regulation. 9. 3.2 The governments of EU member states.","EU","2019-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [2977,"The politics of social media manipulation: A view from the Netherlands","https://www.eerstekamer.nl/eu/overig/20190514/the_politics_of_social_media/f=/vkyjixcro1y1.pdf","May 14, 2019 ... Bradshaw, Samantha (2018) 'Responding to Fake News through regulation and automation', ​Fake. News, Authentic Views​, London: Carter-Ruck. Brattberg, Erik ...","China","2019-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [2978,"Believability of evidence matters for correcting social impressions","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1903222116","May 14, 2019 ... Nonetheless, the idea that we find ourselves awash in a sea of misinformation that can lead us to erroneous conclusions has had a long tradition in Western.","US","2019-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [2979,"Disinformation Annotated Bibliography | The Citizen Lab","https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Disinformation-Bibliography.pdf","May 13, 2019 ... political parties using computational propaganda during elections or referenda. • Since 2016, over 30 countries have introduced legislation designed to combat ...","China","2019-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2980,"Media and anti-corruption","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/media-and-corruption_2019.pdf","May 13, 2019 ... whistleblower protection laws as well as freedom to information legislation. ... China – Eight cases in Chinese Watchdog ... Fake news and Anti-. Corruption ...","China","2019-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2981,"La sociedad de la desinformación: propaganda, «fake news» y la ...","https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/dt8-2019-badillo-sociedad-de-desinformacion-propaganda-fake-news-y-nueva-geopolitica-de-informacion.pdf","May 14, 2019 ... europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0236&from=EN. Comisión Europea (2018c) A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation. Report of the ...","EU","2019-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [2982,"The wisdom of partisan crowds","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1817195116","May 13, 2019 ... wall” with Mexico led to a US government shutdown in Jan- uary 2019). ... Pennycook G, Rand DG (2019) Fighting misinformation on social media using crowd-.","US","2019-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [2983,"Cybersecurity for Elections: A Commonwealth Guide on Best Practice","https://production-new-commonwealth-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/documents/Cybersecurity_for_Elections_PDF_0.pdf?VersionId=VzFA_vIHTR_q_SEJbDsVF.ErLR5I_QMH","May 9, 2019 ... ... china-india-interference-1.5284473. 36 National ... Political rumours and misinformation ... and thus disinformation should be regulated by legislation with appeal.","China","2019-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [2984,"1 BRIEF ON ONLINE HATE: LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY APPROACH","https://www.nccm.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Brief_final_OH.docx.pdf","May 9, 2019 ... In Australia, there was a recent criminal code amendment, the Sharing of ... hate speech law ... misinformation online, and are more able to differentiate fact from ...","Australia","2019-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [2985,"Fake news e social network: la","https://www.medialaws.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/8.-Monti.pdf","May 8, 2019 ... government, the EU system and Facebook. In a very complex matter, such as the diffusion of fake news on the Internet, the Article will pro- pose some ...","EU","2019-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [2986,"Digital journalism as symptom, response, and agent of change in the ...","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/129043/1/Digital%20journalism%20preprint.pdf","May 8, 2019 ... The ongoing challenges around news media business models, as well as the role of the internet in misinformation, algorithmic distribution and organised anti-.","Australia","2019-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [2987,"CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT","https://www.morrisoncohen.com/siteFiles/files/2019_05_07%20-%20Grablis,%20et%20al_%20v_%20OneCoin%20Ltd_,%20et%20al.pdf","May 7, 2019 ... ... misrepresentation, conversion ... misrepresentation, negligent misrepresentation ... Regulatory and law enforcement authorities in China, the United Kingdom, ...","China","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2988,"Information at a time of fake news, disinformation and post-truth politics","https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/project-result-content/3f064b9b-ac31-4954-878f-0372292c83d9/Programma_JM_Workshop_def.pdf","May 7, 2019 ... Google, the Press, and the EU Legislation: an Analysis of the 'Fake News' issue. Debate. 13.15 – 13.30. Final Remarks: Francesco Ceccarelli, Elisa Piras, Luigi ...","EU","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2989,"Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608864/IPOL_STU(2019)608864(SUM01)_IT.pdf","May 7, 2019 ... di età superiore a 65 anni condividono sette volte più fake news rispetto ai giovani3. ... Misinformation\". Consultabile su: Https://www.cam ... eu/supporting- ...","EU","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2990,"Oral evidence - The FCO and Global media freedom - 7 May 2019","https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/9273/pdf/","May 7, 2019 ... At the intersection of a range of other issues such as disinformation, there is an important opportunity to ensure that whatever laws are considered, they are.","EU","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2991,"Policy Brief: Hacking democracies: Cataloguing cyber-enabled ...","https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/2019-05/Hacking%20democracies.pdf","May 7, 2019 ... and Graduate Certificate in Law from the Australian National University (ANU), and is currently undertaking a Masters of. International Law at ANU. Her research ...","Australia","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2992,"The Alt-Right and Global Information Warfare","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02712","May 7, 2019 ... in the US by taking a critical approach to US ... [13] SPLC, “American Freedom Party,” Southern Poverty. Law Center, 2018. ... Hernon, “Disinformation and ...","US","2019-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [2993,"Fighting hate speech and fake news. The Network Enforcement Act ...","https://www.medialaws.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/6.-Claussen.pdf","May 6, 2019 ... While the addition of Protocol 14 in 2010 would grant the Convention a legal status superior to secondary EU law but inferior to the treaties6, the European ...","EU","2019-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2994,"Requiring Broker-Dealers to Disclose Conflicts of Interest: A Solution ...","https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4579&context=umlr","May 6, 2019 ... Regulation Best Interest, Exchange Act Release No. ... any misinformation the broker gives to the investor comes at a det-.","EU","2019-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2995,"Policy field and policy discourse: The American Federation for ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267852761.pdf","May 6, 2019 ... 756) while other non-profits such as the American Legislative Exchange. Council craft model legislation and work with state legislators to introduce and pass ...","Australia","2019-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [2996,"Junk News During the EU Parliamentary Elections: Lessons from a ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2019/05/EU-Data-Memo.pdf","May 5, 2019 ... to misinformation campaigns in the EU, to mobilize ... and regulatory interventions across Europe, from ... official Facebook page of the right-wing Law and Justice ...","EU","2019-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [2997,"Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608864/IPOL_STU(2019)608864(SUM01)_FR.pdf","May 5, 2019 ... 1 Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., «The Fake News Game: Actively Inoculating Against the Risk of Misinformation», p. ... fake news dissemination on Facebook»,.","EU","2019-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [2998,"Fake News and Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Minorities: A ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1700&context=jcl","May 3, 2019 ... 5 Critically, the United States tends to shy away from. “hate speech laws,” as a concept, but in the context of fake news, culpability stems less from contempt ...","EU","2019-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [2999,"A Topic-Agnostic Approach for Identifying Fake News Pages","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00957","May 2, 2019 ... Computing methodologies → Supervised learning by clas- sification; Feature selection. KEYWORDS. Misinformation; Fake News Detection; Classification; Online ...","China","2019-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [3000,"Tackling Disinformation, Online Terrorism, and Cyber Risks into the ...","https://cyberdefensereview.army.mil/Portals/6/5_SULTAN_CDR_V4N1.pdf","Apr 30, 2019 ... ... legal attacks on the Russian disinforma- tion ... This is an increasingly real threat scenario that deserves further modeling, especially given China's recent ...","China","2019-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [3001,"Gender Differences in Tackling Fake News: Different Degrees of ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e4ec/11b8f00e3844c1af7e3a8f2ab8bb5d7da869.pdf","Apr 30, 2019 ... From a theoretical perspective, Audience Reception. Studies could help us to investigate individual's percep- tions and understanding of disinformation from a ...","US","2019-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [3002,"Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608864/IPOL_STU(2019)608864(SUM01)_PL.pdf","Apr 29, 2019 ... ... , 2019. Kontakt: poldep-citizens@europarl.europa.eu. Niniejszy dokument jest dostępny w internecie na stronie: www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses.","EU","2019-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [3003,"THE NEW GEOPOLITICS OF CONVERGING RISKS","https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:7308/PauwelsAIGeopolitics.pdf","Apr 29, 2019 ... hospital, law firm, or farm. Page 40. 34 ... The proliferation of digital misinformation and fake political ... https://www.politico.eu/article/finland-one-percent- ...","EU","2019-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [3004,"Democratic Decay and Disinformation in the Digital Age","https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/import/2019-04/17960-democracydecayanddisinformationinthedigitalage.pdf","Apr 27, 2019 ... By 1987, Kuomintang was able to control the news media through the use of wartime regulations (such as martial law) and through the manipulation of economic ...","China","2019-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [3005,"WHAT IS FAKE NEWS?","https://philarchive.org/archive/DENWIF","Apr 25, 2019 ... law). Bridge's statements were newsworthy, but it ... However, alleging something is 'fake news' does not tell us that it is news ... Fake news, alternative facts ...","US","2019-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3006,"Regulating Bank Reputation Risk","https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1513&context=fac_working_papers","Apr 25, 2019 ... 25 This. Article examines and assesses the regulation of reputation risk at financial institutions in the United States. It argues regulation of reputation risk ...","US","2019-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3007,"Ahead for Measurement: Data Manipulation, AI, Measuring PR's ...","https://www.prnewsonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/prn-2019-04-01.pdf","Apr 25, 2019 ... Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized ... from bot activity, misinformation and fake news. ... having us on 24/7 [during a crisis] makes it even more dif ...","US","2019-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3008,"A Thinker-Based Perspective on Free Speech and Fake News","https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=phil_honproj","Apr 24, 2019 ... strategy of disinformation and misinformation ... sweeping general claim to reject any legal regulation of lies. ... South China Morning Post. Retrieved from www.","China","2019-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [3009,"Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy","https://yjolt.org/sites/default/files/21_yale_j.l._tech._106_0.pdf","Apr 24, 2019 ... , Disinformation and “fake news ... service” rules that act as separate legal systems. ... China 2025” goal of capturing the lead in AI and quantum computing.","China","2019-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [3010,"Fake News in the Corporate World: A Rising Threat","https://revistia.com/files/articles/ejser_v6_i1_19/Adriani.pdf","Apr 24, 2019 ... Although there is a lack of agreement on a single definition of workplace bullying (Spector, 2011), most researchers agree upon that workplace bullying ...","EU","2019-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [3011,"Guns, Lies, and Fear","https://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/04/NRA-report.pdf","Apr 24, 2019 ... defense and that legislation only burdens law-abiding citizens. ... eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php ... john-lott-distortions-and-misinformation-in-anti- ...","EU","2019-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [3012,"La regulation des fake news et avis factices sur les plateformes","https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIDE_333_0383&download=1&from-feuilleteur=1","Apr 23, 2019 ... 36. EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, 26 septembre 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single- market/en/news ...","EU","2019-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [3013,"La regulation des fake news et avis factices sur les plateformes","https://scholar.archive.org/work/4nxj4qredvegxg3tne2lmvklbu/access/wayback/https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIDE_333_0383&download=1","Apr 23, 2019 ... 36. EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, 26 septembre 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single- market/en/news ...","EU","2019-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [3014,"Fake News and South East Asia","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00358533.2019.1592320","Apr 23, 2019 ... In India, just now, there is no legislation specifically dealing with fake news, though the government proposes an ... the US media's reporting of the O.J. ...","US","2019-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [3015,"21 Combating Fake News: A Survey on Identification and Mitigation ...","https://nickfengqian.github.io/static/paper/cbfnasoiamt_paper.pdf","Apr 21, 2019 ... A qualitative analysis showed that the weights learned by the classifier are largely in agreement with the findings of existing theories on deceptive writing ...","Australia","2019-04-21T00:00:00"],
    [3016,"Partisan Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation in the Media: Is ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3375713_code1101750.pdf?abstractid=3035272&mirid=1","Apr 20, 2019 ... Examining this question is important in the context of growing concerns about the polarization of American politics (e.g., Cohn, 2014; Doherty, 2014; Layman, ...","US","2019-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [3017,"Online Speech and the First Amendment: Ten Principles from the ...","https://www.brennancenter.org/media/510/download","Apr 19, 2019 ... Even at the height of the Cold War, the Court ruled that a federal law preventing the receipt of communist political propaganda in the mail from abroad ...","US","2019-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [3018,"Disinformation optimised: gaming search engine algorithms to ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/214101/1/IntPolRev-2019-4-1442.pdf","Apr 18, 2019 ... discussions about the regulation of social media platforms? To answer these questions, I analysed 29 junk news domains and their advertising and search.","EU","2019-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [3019,"Policy Point-Counterpoint: The Good and The Bad of the Social ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26739429","Apr 18, 2019 ... arguing for new legislation to be passed; and in a couple cases fomenting revolutions that led to ... Much of the incompatibility is the result of misinformation ...","EU","2019-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [3020,"Journalistic Ethics and the Right-Wing Media","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=journalismprojects","Apr 18, 2019 ... This approach became known as “objective journalism,” and was widely adopted by. American news media. Objective journalism was intended to counter the ...","US","2019-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [3021,"Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards Written evidence - GOV.UK","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/61af9981e90e070445fd7799/Artificial_Intelligence_and_Public_Standards_-_Written_Evidence.pdf","Apr 17, 2019 ... environments is likely to be in breach of data protection law: Because FRT and other biometric technologies entail 'sensitive processing' under the EU Law.","EU","2019-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [3022,"The Junk News Aggregator: Examining junk news posted on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.07920","Apr 17, 2019 ... ... US midterm elections, as the previous US elections in 2016 were recognised for the online misinformation that was circulated, and misinformation in relation to.","US","2019-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [3023,"FAKE NEWS: THE LEGALITY OF THE RUSSIAN 2016 FACEBOOK ...","https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2020/04/Denton.pdf","Apr 16, 2019 ... ... China or another country or group, or it may be a ... law, the number of international law violations would inevitably increase. ... attacks and disinformation ...","China","2019-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [3024,"The New Digital Divide: Disinformation and Media Literacy in the U.S.","https://www.mlar.sk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/MLAR_2019_1_clanok_4-1.pdf","Apr 16, 2019 ... amend the law to make „reasonable efforts” to ... disinformation and misinformation. ... FAWKES, J., MOLONEY, K.: Does the European Union (EU) Need a Propaganda ...","EU","2019-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [3025,"Disinformation in the Online Sphere: The Case of BiH","https://zastone.ba/app/uploads/2019/05/Disinformation_in_the_online_sphere_The_case_of_BiH_ENG.pdf","Apr 15, 2019 ... In December 2018, the European Union adopted the Action Plan against Disinformation, recognizing disinformation as a serious threat to democratic processes and ...","EU","2019-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3026,"What's New about Fake News? Integrating Digital History for Media ...","https://www.socialstudies.org/system/files/publications/articles/se_8302113_0.pdf","Apr 15, 2019 ... As we continue to confront the implica- tions of fake news and misinformation ... enables us to see beyond our present-day concerns ... www.loc.gov/law/help/rare- ...","US","2019-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3027,"The Evolution of Fake News and the Abuse of Emerging Technologies","https://revistia.org/index.php/ejss/article/view/4241/4111","Apr 15, 2019 ... 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-hatespeech/germany-looks-to- revise-social-media- law-as-europe-watches-idUSKCN1GK1BN). Italy. Here the effort ...","US","2019-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [3028,"The Hayne Royal Commission and Financial Sector Misbehaviour ...","https://www.kevindavis.com.au/secondpages/acadpubs/2019/ELRR30-2_Financial%20Misconduct%20Royal%20Commission%20-%20preprint%20version.pdf","Apr 12, 2019 ... increased the availability of information (and potential for misinformation). ... Recommendations could relate to laws and regulations, regulatory ... https://ec.","EU","2019-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [3029,"FAIRNESS IN ADVERTISING: IN PURSUIT OF THE HIDDEN ...","https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/87898/3/Fairness%20in%20Advertising_TSpace.pdf","Apr 12, 2019 ... denied 340 U.S. 818. (1950). ... are less likely to deceive than is misinformation. ... 54Alexander, 'Federal Regulation of False Advertising' (1969) 17 University ...","US","2019-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [3030,"Is transparency the key to citizens' trust?","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2019/637923/EPRS_ATA(2019)637923_EN.pdf","Apr 11, 2019 ... According to the spring 2018 Eurobarometer survey of public awareness of the EU institutions, 50 % of respondents indicated they trust the European Parliament, ...","EU","2019-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [3031,"Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.181870","Apr 11, 2019 ... From a report in. Computing:'Leading legal experts disagree about whether the. EU's ... agreement. Figure 8. The IPCC's ... misinformation about climate change.","EU","2019-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [3032,"Media Regulatory Authorities and Protection of Minors","https://rm.coe.int/jufrex-media-regulatory-authorities-and-protection-of-minors/168093e0d8","Apr 10, 2019 ... 18 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on ... How to Spot Misinformation and Fake News (secondary schools). ... ethical rules based on the ECtHR case-law and ...","EU","2019-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [3033,"Initiatives to Counter Fake News in Selected Countries","https://irp.fas.org/eprint/lloc-fake-news.pdf","Apr 9, 2019 ... In China, despite strict regulation of the media and internet, fake news, or what Chinese laws and domestic media often refer to as “rumors,” appears to be ...","China","2019-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3034,"Why the Government Should Not Regulate Content Moderation of ...","https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa_865.pdf","Apr 9, 2019 ... Some foreign speech, online and off, is legal if the relationship of a speaker and a foreign power is disclosed. Preventing harms caused by “fake news” or “hate.","China","2019-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3035,"The politics of social media manipulation: A view from the Netherlands","https://www.tweedekamer.nl/downloads/document?id=2019D19326","Apr 9, 2019 ... Bradshaw, Samantha (2018) 'Responding to Fake News through regulation and automation', ​Fake. News, Authentic Views​, London: Carter-Ruck. Brattberg, Erik ...","China","2019-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3036,"Anti-Vax Censorship on Social Media: Limiting or Lifesaving?","https://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/case-study-mem-anti-vaxxer-case-study-1.pdf","Apr 9, 2019 ... In analyzing the effects of suppression efforts, CNN recently reported that. “misinformation ... Is this primarily a legal or ethical controversy? ... Available at:.","EU","2019-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3037,"Online Harms White Paper - April 2019 - CP 57","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/605e60c6e90e07750810b439/Online_Harms_White_Paper_V2.pdf","Apr 8, 2019 ... Where companies do not have a legal presence in the UK, close collaboration between government bodies, regulators and law enforcement overseas, in the EU and ...","EU","2019-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [3038,"Online Harms White Paper: Seven Expert Perspectives | POLITICO.eu","https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Seven-expert-perspectives-on-the-UK-online-harms-White-Paper-.pdf?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=723cb52285-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_04_10_05_07&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-723cb52285-189780761","Apr 8, 2019 ... Voluntary regulation at the industry level, which includes the adoption of a charter of ethics and the creation of a body that will ensure its application, ...","EU","2019-04-08T00:00:00"],
    [3039,"Epistemology of Intelligence Agencies","https://philarchive.org/archive/SFEEOI","Apr 7, 2019 ... agent, the penetration agent, and the misinformation agent. ... in the legal act. Human sources can be motivated ... significantly influenced EU security policy.","EU","2019-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [3040,"History Unclassified Peering down the Memory Hole: Censorship ...","https://scalar.usc.edu/works/intro-to-dh-hs3393/media/Tiffert%20-%202019%20-%20Peering%20down%20the%20Memory%20Hole%20Censorship,%20Digitiza.pdf","Apr 5, 2019 ... 33 “Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the. Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the ...","EU","2019-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [3041,"Community Communication Strategy","https://www.schoolinfrastructure.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/infrastructure/projects/a/alexandria-park-community-school/ssda/Community_Communication_Strategy_-_April_2019_.pdf","Apr 5, 2019 ... Address and correct misinformation in the public domain ... Chef Works Australia ... Depending upon the results of the investigation, SINSW may seek legal advice.","Australia","2019-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [3042,"Community Communication Strategy","https://www.schoolinfrastructure.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/infrastructure/projects/m/mainsbridge-school/documents/01_MSSP_Community_Communication_Stategy.pdf","Apr 5, 2019 ... ▫ Address and correct misinformation in the public domain ... ▫ Frontline Music Australia ... Depending upon the results of the investigation, School.","Australia","2019-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [3043,"Disasters and Disclosures: Securities Fraud Liability in the Shadow ...","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/georgetown-law-journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2019/04/4Disasters-and-Disclosures_Securities-Fraud-Liability-in-the-Shadow-of-a-Corporate-Catastrophe_Langevoort.pdf","Apr 4, 2019 ... 487. (2015) (positing that securities regulation and shareholder litigation are motivated not only by individual investors but also by impact on society and ...","Australia","2019-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [3044,"Comments Received on Deceptive Advertising by For-Profit ...","https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dca/downloads/pdf/about/PublicComments-DeceptiveAdvertisingbyForProfitSchools.pdf","Apr 4, 2019 ... ... misinformation as to whether the Trump ... The New York Legal Assistance Group (NYLAG), a not-for-profit legal services ... Diane Tompson, Australia. March 30 ...","Australia","2019-04-04T00:00:00"],
    [3045,"Breaking the Equilibrium: From Distrust of Representative ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1804&context=wilj","Apr 1, 2019 ... Kriszta Kovács & Gábor Attila Tóth, Hungary's Constitutional Transformation, 7 EU. CONST. L. 183, 197 (2011) (For example, the 2011 Hungarian Fundamental Law ...","EU","2019-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3046,"The impact of deceptive advertising on Customer loyalty: A case of ...","https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93038/1/MPRA_paper_93038.pdf","Apr 1, 2019 ... Most countries entail advertorials ads that are obtainable as editorial, to be obviously marked as advertisements. The charge of breaking these laws can be.","Australia","2019-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3047,"Report Of The Facebook Data Transparency Advisory Group - April ...","https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/area/center/justice/document/dtag_report_5.22.2019.pdf","Apr 1, 2019 ... Facebook's policies with respect to “fake news” or misinformation, as neither of these ... laws which criminalize actions that were legal ... help us act quickly so ...","US","2019-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3048,"LSD and the Law: A Framework for Policy Making","https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3350&context=mlr","Apr 1, 2019 ... 81 Under this federal law, possession of a regulated drug for one's own- use or for the use of a member of his house- hold is not punishable. In 1966, Sandoz ...","US","2019-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3049,"Deception, Professional Speech, and CPCs: On Becerra, Abortion ...","https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4827&context=buffalolawreview","Apr 1, 2019 ... including misinformation about the alleged detrimental ... running advertising geared to persons with a specific legal problem.” (citing. R.M.J., 455 U.S. at 203)) ...","US","2019-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3050,"Communication and internet policy: a critical rights-based history ...","https://policyreview.info/pdf/policyreview-2019-1-1395.pdf","Mar 31, 2019 ... ... Australia, the ... content regulation and increasingly also data regulation ... Currently the spread of misinformation and disinformation online and its ...","Australia","2019-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [3051,"Informing policy with text-mining: technological change and social ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3362487_code2859847.pdf?abstractid=3362487&mirid=1","Mar 31, 2019 ... major English-language technology websites from the US, EU and Australia. ... law', 'neut- ral repeal', 'fcc commission', 'paid ... The first great decline happened ...","Australia","2019-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [3052,"Should We Privatize Censorship?","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26949072","Mar 30, 2019 ... coordinated social media misinformation campaigns. ... they operate in authoritarian countries such as China ... Tech companies should be required (if need be, by.","China","2019-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [3053,"Are markets more accurate than polls? The surprising informational ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/44c9/db1436fa1757c10c77ed5637d061fddcce96.pdf","Mar 29, 2019 ... Judgment and Decision Making, Vol. 14, No. 2 ... the intent of changing the price to provide misinformation, ... Will Russia file a formal World Trade Organization.","EU","2019-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [3054,"Are markets more accurate than polls? The surprising informational ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B78F61BC84B1C48F809E6D408903E66D/S1930297500003375a.pdf/are-markets-more-accurate-than-polls-the-surprising-informational-value-of-just-asking.pdf","Mar 29, 2019 ... Judgment and Decision Making, Vol. 14, No. 2 ... the intent of changing the price to provide misinformation, ... Will Russia file a formal World Trade Organization.","EU","2019-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [3055,"Regulating Computational Propaganda: Lessons from International ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3440157_code3378107.pdf?abstractid=3440157","Mar 28, 2019 ... the European Union's (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) empowers data ... misinformation contributes to engineering of ... Convention on Cybercrime ( ...","EU","2019-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [3056,"Towards a Disinformation Resilient Society? The Experience of the ...","https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/mcs/article/view/6065/7126","Mar 28, 2019 ... The behaviour of citizens shall be the subject of public law, the role of media shall also fall under legal regulation and the role of politicians in democratic ...","EU","2019-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [3057,"Platforms, the First Amendment and Online Speech: Regulating the ...","https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1987&context=plr","Mar 28, 2019 ... can be directed to this architecture, to the content (speech), or to both. Let us look at the fake news example in order to ... 'Fake News' Law that Critics Call ...","US","2019-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [3058,"Free Speech and the Regulation of Social Media Content","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45650","Mar 27, 2019 ... Medical Misinformation, BUZZFEED NEWS (Feb. 20, 2019), https://bit.ly/2IWjIN5. Cf., e.g., Mehreen Khan, More. 'Hate Speech' Being Removed from Social Media ...","China","2019-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3059,"Free Speech and the Regulation of Social Media Content","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45650.pdf","Mar 27, 2019 ... Medical Misinformation, BUZZFEED NEWS (Feb. 20, 2019), https://bit.ly/2IWjIN5. Cf., e.g., Mehreen Khan, More. 'Hate Speech' Being Removed from Social Media ...","China","2019-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3060,"Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and ...","https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1640&context=faculty_scholarship","Mar 27, 2019 ... For powerful scholarship on how lies undermine culture of trust, see SEANA. VALENTINE SHRIFFIN, SPEECH MATTERS: ON LYING, MORALITY, AND THE LAW (2014). 114.","China","2019-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3061,"Causes and solutions for misconduct in the financial services ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3362687_code26239.pdf?abstractid=3262057","Mar 27, 2019 ... It explains why Australia, like other Anglo ... The extent hierarchies can create misinformation is illustrated in the ... (2007), 'Borrowing from the laws of ...","Australia","2019-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3062,"Digital Disobedience and the Limits of Persuasion: Social Media ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2056305119827002","Mar 24, 2019 ... Studies of the Umbrella Movement have emphasized the efforts by the mainland Chinese government to surveil, dis- rupt, and sow misinformation in digital ...","China","2019-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [3063,"Countering information influence activities : A handbook for ...","https://www.msb.se/siteassets/dokument/publikationer/english-publications/countering-information-influence-activities---a-handbook-for-communicators.pdf","Mar 24, 2019 ... In such cases an active response might further disseminate disinformation. REPORT. If an attacker breaks the law or transgresses a social media platform's code ...","EU","2019-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [3064,"Reputation Regulation: Disclosure and the Challenge of ...","https://nissenbaum.tech.cornell.edu/papers/Pasquale.pdf","Mar 21, 2019 ... Antidiscrimination norms may well lead us from legislating against aggregate stereotyping to creating op- portunities for individuals to correct misinformation.","US","2019-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [3065,"Fake science and the knowledge crisis: ignorance can be fatal","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.190161","Mar 19, 2019 ... counter-evidence as 'fake science', has resulted in the international agreement on climate change ... legal, regulatory ... Cochrane Australia's response to 'fake ...","Australia","2019-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [3066,"Disinformation-in-Democracies.pdf","https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Disinformation-in-Democracies.pdf","Mar 18, 2019 ... disinformation and misinformation? This report seeks ... approached disinformation from the legal side. ... China- Latin America, regional trade integration as well.","China","2019-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [3067,"Human-Misinformation interaction: Understanding the ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.07136","Mar 17, 2019 ... disinformation, misinformation and fake news. ... Google, Facebook and Twitter Agree to Fight Fake News in the EU - Bloomberg. ... Fake news: A legal perspective. ( ...","EU","2019-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [3068,"Automated tackling of disinformation","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/624278/EPRS_STU(2019)624278_EN.pdf","Mar 15, 2019 ... Russia, however, is not the only state trying to influence elections, with China being another recent example. State-sponsored propaganda aside, a 2017-2018 UK ...","China","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3069,"The growth of climate change misinformation in US philanthropy ...","https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf939/pdf","Mar 15, 2019 ... ... misinformation. Despite their importance, the links ... Virginia Law Rev. 46 516–38. [36] Ostrower F 1995 ... censorship in China: randomized experimentation and.","China","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3070,"The European Union's Fight Against Disinformation","https://finabel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IF_29.06.pdf","Mar 15, 2019 ... For this reason, the EU has to maintain its efforts in the regulation of disinformation to ensure a coordinated response and prevent any attack on democratic ...","EU","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3071,"Consequences of Online Falsehoods","https://www.mlaw.gov.sg/files/news/press-releases/2019/04/Annex%20A%20-%20Consequences%20of%20Online%20Falsehoods.pdf","Mar 15, 2019 ... and fake news website) – example: “Proof: ... • Chancellor Merkel allowed ISIS terrorists to operate in Europe to have an “EU Army” against ... UK controlled by ...","EU","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3072,"INFODEMIC - spreading fake news is almost as dangerous as ...","https://www.rcc.int/download/docs/Op-ed_%20False%20narrative_Kapetanovic_0305.pdf/3d276f344871d16916df64fe901d4591.pdf","Mar 15, 2019 ... ... EU adopted legislation to protect elections from data misuse. Perhaps you'll also remember the case from the last year, when during the campaign for EU.","EU","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3073,"The distortion of the Australian public sphere:","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26563019","Mar 15, 2019 ... media regulation ownership reforms that allowed ... continues to publish misinformation, half-truths ... Research Association Australia and features the best ...","Australia","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3074,"Countering Disinformation: Are We Our Own Worst Enemy?","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923521","Mar 15, 2019 ... Command-Australia. Within academic environs,. Dr ... gy-related issues, finance, and judicial-related issues, and support to the North Atlantic Treaty.","Australia","2019-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3075,"HOW JOURNALISTS AND THE PUBLIC SHAPE OUR DEMOCRACY","https://www.georgiahumanities.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MediaGuide_Web.pdf","Mar 14, 2019 ... American Journalism and American Law, 1830-1940. ... Neither “fake news,” misinformation, disinformation nor propa-.","US","2019-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [3076,"Regulating disinformation with artificial intelligence","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/624279/EPRS_STU(2019)624279_EN.pdf","Mar 13, 2019 ... disinformation in the European Union. This report has been written by internet regulatory experts: a socio-legal scholar with a background in law and economics ...","EU","2019-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [3077,"Policing the Dark Web: Ethical and Legal Issues","https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c2573eef&appId=PPGMS","Mar 13, 2019 ... incorporated into EU Data Protection law.1 And ... spreading misinformation, fake news, and rumour to fuel mistaken beliefs about ... law and legal expert in this ...","EU","2019-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [3078,"Regulating Disinformation with Artificial Intelligence?","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/624279/EPRS_STU(2019)624279(ANN1)_EN.pdf","Mar 13, 2019 ... Coherence with EU objectives are easier to assess with co-regulation than with self-regulation, because the national statutory criteria establishing the co- ...","EU","2019-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [3079,"Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy","https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190311_R45584_caa16f89385a9b89430cfaac5d6633c392313c45.pdf","Mar 11, 2019 ... The EU General Data Protection Regulation. (GDPR) is driven by privacy concerns; China is focused on security. Their policies affect U.S. firms seeking to do ...","China","2019-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [3080,"Regulating in a digital world","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldcomuni/299/299.pdf","Mar 9, 2019 ... political misinformation and polarisation. ... rules-based regulation: principles-based regulation focuses on outcomes, ... China's internet giants Baidu, Alibaba ...","China","2019-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [3081,"Acting on Many Fronts Incentives and Regulations to Phase-down ...","https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/CEEW-Incentives-and-Regulations-to-phase-down-HFCs-report-PDF-06Mar19.pdf","Mar 8, 2019 ... ... China Move Ahead, but Paris Agreement Gap Still Looms Large,” Climate. Action Tracker, November, available at https://climateactiontracker.org/publications ...","China","2019-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [3082,"The Language of Manipulation: Propaganda and Computational ...","http://demo.clab.cs.cmu.edu/ethical_nlp2019/slides/Propaganda_and_Computational_Solutions.pdf","Mar 8, 2019 ... ○ Flood with misinformation ... External Regulation. 0.25. 0.47. Fairness & Equality ... ○ New coverage of the U.S. focuses on threats to the U.S. and moral ...","US","2019-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [3083,"Polarisation and the use of technology in political campaigns and ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/634414/EPRS_STU(2019)634414_EN.pdf","Mar 7, 2019 ... Measures like the General Data Protection Regulation, upload filters and link taxes, as well as national information controls on hate speech and misinformation ...","China","2019-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [3084,"Technology and Trust: The Challenge of Regulating Digital Platforms","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/id/file/4133250","Mar 5, 2019 ... ... Fake News Law, aimed at cracking down on bloggers ... Facebook to spread misinformation during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election: ... Retrieved from http://eur- ...","EU","2019-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [3085,"Reports of the Death of Expertise May Be Exaggerated: Limits on ...","https://osf.io/6wy53/download","Mar 3, 2019 ... Australia (Tranter, 2011; Leviston et al., 2011) ... Expert political judgment: How good is it? ... Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and ...","Australia","2019-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3086,"Behind the cues: A benchmarking study for fake news detection","https://datalab-old.csd.auth.gr/wp-content/uploads/publications/GRAVANIS2019201.pdf","Mar 3, 2019 ... “Misinformation” of the Cold War era. Today's so-called ... Fake news articles are filtered us- ing top Fact ... Fake news: A legal perspective. Journal of ...","US","2019-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3087,"How corruption in healthcare service delivery threatens Universal ...","https://ti-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/IgnoredPandemic-WEB-v2.pdf","Mar 3, 2019 ... million of those in China alone. The calculation ... lies at the heart of” high maternal mortality rates in Uganda. ... Discusses cases of kickbacks for referrals ...","China","2019-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3088,"Editorial – Communication and internet policy: a critical rights-based ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/198593/1/f-22007-full-text-Pohle-et_al-Communication-v3.pdf","Mar 2, 2019 ... Currently the spread of misinformation and disinformation online and its implications for the democratic process, and the need to balance freedom of ...","EU","2019-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3089,"Communication and internet policy: a critical rights-based history ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3434969_code2577927.pdf?abstractid=3434969","Mar 2, 2019 ... Currently the spread of misinformation and disinformation online and its implications for the democratic process, and the need to balance freedom of ...","EU","2019-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3090,"Most S'poreans concerned about fake news: BBC study","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/td_most-sporeans-concerned-about-fake-news-bbc-study_250517.pdf","Mar 1, 2019 ... ... Australia (72 per cent). National University of Singapore (NUS) law dean Simon Chesterman attributed the concern for fake news to the high connectivity and ...","Australia","2019-03-01T00:00:00"],
    [3091,"dazed and confused: russian “information warfare” and the middle ...","https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Brief93_Dazed-and-oncufsed.-Russian-information-warfare.pdf","Feb 27, 2019 ... provide a few policy recommendations so that the European Union (EU) addresses that challenge. “Information Warfare” as a Key Tool in Russia's Foreign ...","EU","2019-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [3092,"Digital populism and disinformation in post-truth times ...","https://revistas.unav.edu/index.php/communication-and-society/article/download/36513/35478/","Feb 27, 2019 ... need to promote respect for institutions, the law and social order (Mazzoleni, 2003). ... the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Campaign.","US","2019-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [3093,"Ethnocentrism and Bias Incidents: Is there a Common Thread?","https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/culturalistics/article/download/4265/2443","Feb 28, 2019 ... In the matter of solutions of what happened now in the US, legal and political approaches are not enough. The discussion about mutual understanding needs to ...","US","2019-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [3094,"Government counters misinformation in Spain about east side project","https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/press/2019/Press%20Releases/130-2019.pdf","Feb 26, 2019 ... In 2005 a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment commenced on the site in accordance with EU and Gibraltar law. This found that there were no significant ...","EU","2019-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [3095,"Fact-Checking as Idea and Practice in Journalism - Oxford Research ...","https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a7450b2f-f5a7-4207-90e2-254ec5de14e2/files/m3da900b71ba84b74d67fbe8c65880f1a","Feb 26, 2019 ... Selective exposure to misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Arlington, VA: American Press ...","US","2019-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [3096,"Bullying & Undermining Campaign","https://www.bidaonline.org/_files/ugd/9b2d03_682bb8e78eeb4b64a7e06371068d8c76.pdf?index=true","Feb 25, 2019 ... surgical practice in Australia and New ... is essential as inadequate information, misinformation ... Dr Jenny Vaughan, Consultant and. Medical law campaigner runs ...","Australia","2019-02-25T00:00:00"],
    [3097,"Experts, knowledge and criticality in the age of 'alternative facts': re ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13562517.2019.1578577","Feb 22, 2019 ... Both 'alternative facts' and 'fake news' have been taken up as touchstones for discounting evidence-based information in favour of misinformation forged to ...","US","2019-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [3098,"Countering Misinformation Fake News In India | Factly","https://factly.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Countering-Misinformation-Fake-News-In-India.pdf","Feb 21, 2019 ... China launched a platform called Piyao, inclusive of a mobile application, which lets the public report online rumours. Chinese laws also implicate rumour ...","China","2019-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [3099,"Citizen Engagement in the Contemporary Era of Fake News ...","https://d-nb.info/1198966378/34","Feb 21, 2019 ... They discussed proposals and actions in an attempt to demand of the government a new electoral law with greater citizen participation as. Postdigital Science ...","EU","2019-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [3100,"The Antitrust Case Against Facebook: A Monopolist's Journey ...","https://economics.utah.edu/antitrust-conference/session_material/The%20Antitrust%20Case%20Against%20Facebook_%20A%20Monopolists%20Journey%20Towar.pdf","Feb 20, 2019 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals and Related Materials at Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. ... E.U.-U.S. corporate ...","EU","2019-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [3101,"Internet regulation as media policy: Rethinking the question of digital ...","https://eprints.qut.edu.au/126702/1/05_JDTV_10_1_art_Flew_Martin_Suzor.pdf","Feb 19, 2019 ... ing passing legislation requiring digital platforms to remove 'fake news' from their sites, while in the United States the Congressional hearings on alleged.","Australia","2019-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [3102,"Disinformation and 'fake news': Final Report","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/1791/1791.pdf","Feb 18, 2019 ... companies are responsible for the spreading of misinformation ... are issued to residents from Russia, China and the Middle East. ... Regulation and Legal Counsel, ...","China","2019-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3103,"Partisanship, propaganda and post-truth politics: Quantifying impact ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/143174/1/1902.01752v2.pdf","Feb 18, 2019 ... ... EU member- ship referendum (“Brexit”); and (ii) ... has focused primarily on misinformation and fake news dur-.","EU","2019-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3104,"La regulation des fake news et avis factices sur les plateformes","https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal%3A222864/datastream/PDF_01/view","Feb 18, 2019 ... 36. EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, 26 septembre 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single- market/en/news ...","EU","2019-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3105,"Fake news: When the dark side of persuasion takes over","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02650487.2019.1586210","Feb 18, 2019 ... ... law, self-regula- tion and simple decency put together prevent major breaches of truthfulness. Yes, we have exaggeration and puffery but consumers are armed ...","Australia","2019-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3106,"Commentary on “Beyond Misinformation: Understanding and coping ...","https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/31130/Commentary%20on%20Beyond%20Misinformation%20Understanding%20and%20coping%20with%20the%20post-truth%20era.pdf?sequence=1","Feb 17, 2019 ... Historical examples of partisan polarization include conservative voters in the American South switching from the Democratic to Republican party, as well as.","US","2019-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [3107,"VERIFIED COMPLAINT","https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Korkmaz.pdf","Feb 18, 2019 ... Defendant KORKMAZ purposely availed himself of the laws of the United States by intentionally and purposefully directing his illegal conduct at Dr. Ayasli, who ...","US","2019-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [3108,"Online disinformation and the EU's response","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2018/620230/EPRS_ATA(2018)620230_EN.pdf","Feb 16, 2019 ... ... legal framework with regard to 'fake news', and ... the spread of fake information, as well as to reflect on possible action at EU level. ... The signatories of the ...","EU","2019-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [3109,"A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation | Co-inform","https://coinform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/EU-High-Level-Group-on-Disinformation-A-multi-dimensionalapproachtodisinformation.pdf","Feb 16, 2019 ... to political misinformation. Journal of ... disinformation and evolving international law standards ... national research organisations which, under EU law, are de-.","EU","2019-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [3110,"artificial intelligence, social media, and fake news: is this the end of ...","https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/DF3BF2DBD76E4F7DB8A7143D0EA6F212","Feb 15, 2019 ... ... fake news and misinformation ... China, whose government broadly embraces ... reasons: Current regulation is not adapted to the challenges that AI poses, and new ...","China","2019-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3111,"Waging Political Warfare","https://www.jstor.org/stable/27118068","Feb 15, 2019 ... Political warfare with Russian and Chinese characteristics involves the use of myriad tactics—cyberattacks, disinformation, elec- toral meddling and others—to ...","China","2019-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3112,"Deepfakes and the New Disinformation War","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26798018","Feb 15, 2019 ... Under current U.S. law, the companies that own these platforms are largely immune from liability for the content they host, thanks to Section 230 of the ...","US","2019-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3113,"The Post-Truth First Amendment","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11347&context=ilj","Feb 15, 2019 ... As examples, she cites “trade secrets laws, privacy laws, . ... -against-misinformation/ [https://perma.cc/PD6T-NRGK]. ... 471 U.S. at 626, 651. Page 27. 1376.","US","2019-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3114,"MYTHS & MISCONCEPTIONS","https://freedomnetworkusa.org/app/uploads/2019/02/NOLA-Myths-and-Misconceptions-.pdf","Feb 14, 2019 ... Trafficking can happen to both U.S. citizens and foreign nationals. ... federal law any person under the age of 18 who participates in a ... “Rampant misinformation ...","US","2019-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [3115,"Stop the Presses? Newspapers in the Digital Age","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47018","Feb 14, 2019 ... ... Disinformation and Fake News, ... European Commission, Joint Research Centre Technical Report Working Paper 2018-02, April 2018, at https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites ...","EU","2019-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [3116,"Introducing the special issue: bringing in the public. Intelligence on ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553365","Feb 12, 2019 ... regarding the legal ... Such threats are understood as threats from misinformation and fake news ... of EU security policies even though the main concepts – ...","EU","2019-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3117,"LIVING IN AN UNREAL WORLD: FAKE NEWS, SOCIAL IDENTITY ...","https://ir.ua.edu/bitstreams/890aeac4-8be5-44a8-b37f-21ae9293df70/download","Feb 12, 2019 ... ' The International Museum of Muslim Cultures closed its doors as parts of the federal government shut down after Congress failed to reach an agreement on ...","Australia","2019-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3118,"Cognitive attraction and online misinformation","https://research.tue.nl/files/128515006/s41599_019_0224_y.pdf","Feb 12, 2019 ... ... legal requirements associated with these rights. ... Online misinformation, while being ... Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 us ...","US","2019-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3119,"Vaccine Hesitancy and Fake News: Quasi-experimental Evidence ...","https://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/hedg/workingpapers/1903.pdf","Feb 11, 2019 ... Keywords: Fake news; vaccine hesitancy; children immunization rates, social media,. Internet. ¶ Department of Law, Economics ...","EU","2019-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [3120,"Principles and Policies to Counter Deceptive Digital Politics","https://legacy.iftf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/images/ourwork/digintel/IFTF_MapLight_Principles_and_Policies_to_Counter_Deceptive_Digital_Politics_02122019.pdf","Feb 11, 2019 ... The California law, as with Europe's GDPR and the proposed CONSENT Act, provides that ... A guide to anti-misinformation ... Tech and ad giants sign up to Europe's ...","EU","2019-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [3121,"The Climate Necessity Defense: Proof and Judicial Error in Climate ...","https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/K_Long.pdf","Feb 11, 2019 ... “assassinations, murders, campaigns of misinformation and other ... rule of law. Judges negate ... Legal alternatives may assist us in mitigating the harm, but they.","US","2019-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [3122,"Tackling fraud and corruption in Africa","https://www.cov.com/-/media/files/corporate/publications/2019/02/tackling_fraud_and_corruption_in_africa.pdf","Feb 9, 2019 ... in China and some parts of Asia – were ... African law enforcement authorities that have the ... Senior executives must constantly remind themselves that the ...","China","2019-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [3123,"Application of the Benford's law to Social bots and Information ...","https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=interdiscipinformaticsfacproc","Feb 8, 2019 ... Whereas, other typologies have different definitions which causes them to be leveraged for malicious purposed, for example spreading misinformation or.","US","2019-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [3124,"Protecting Democracy in an Era of Cyber Information War","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/ProtectingDemocracy.pdf","Feb 7, 2019 ... In Australia, for example, public approval of China was growing until the revelation of its use of sharp power tools, ... rather than heavy handed regulation a ...","China","2019-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [3125,"National Counter- Information Operations Strategy","https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/CounterIO.pdf","Feb 7, 2019 ... Instead of allowing the cycle of disinformation to continue, the U.S. government should respond with factual counter-narratives. This strategy should provide ...","US","2019-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [3126,"The \"Uncontroversial\" Controversy in Compelled Commercial ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5582&context=flr","Feb 5, 2019 ... Royal, The. Skinny on the Federal Menu-Labeling Law & Why It Should Survive a First Amendment. Challenge, 10 FIRST AMEND. L. REV. 140, 184 (2011). This Note ...","US","2019-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [3127,"Turning in the Widening Gyre: History, Corporate Accountability, and ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1744&context=cjil","Feb 1, 2019 ... Chimni, Third World Approaches to International Law and Individual. Responsibility in Internal Conflicts, 2 CHINESE J. INT'L L. 77 (2003). Page 16. Turning in ...","China","2019-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [3128,"From Fake to Junk News, the Data Politics of Online Virality","https://hal.science/hal-02003893/document","Feb 1, 2019 ... news', dismissing the idea that this type of misinformation ... Such a system is effective (but also difficult to seize by research and regulation) because it ...","EU","2019-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [3129,"Who Should Regulate Extremist Content Online?","https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59041/Download/59041__21941__0b5df5396d66405fbcabea54f3112673.pdf","Jan 31, 2019 ... The issue of regulation of political extremists online is inseparable from the evolution of modern global terrorism. In this chapter, we follow the path of that ...","EU","2019-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3130,"Fact Sheet – Challenging the misconceptions about sexual offending","https://www.police.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-01/FINAL-factsheet-for-web-Challenging-Misconceptions.pdf","Jan 31, 2019 ... There are many barriers to reporting sexual offences and conviction rates in Australia are extremely low. ... Victorian law is clear that consent to a sexual act ...","Australia","2019-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3131,"Updated 1/31/19 1. Ross E. Cheit Professor Department of Political ...","https://vivo.brown.edu/docs/r/rcheit_cv.pdf?dt=075110101","Jan 31, 2019 ... “Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children,” Panel on The Legal Treatment of Child Sexual Abuse: US and International Perspectives, XXXIV ...","US","2019-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3132,"This is a repository copy of '“Fake news”: reconsidering the value of ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/141447/5/Fake%20news%20and%20freedom%20of%20speech%20%2815-1-18%29%20-%20TG.pdf","Jan 30, 2019 ... distinguishing misinformation from disinformation ... Holocaust denial in Europe: Towards a qualified EU-wide criminal ... In Germany, there is no general law ...","EU","2019-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [3133,"'Fake news' meets tourism: a proposed research agenda Fedeli ...","https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/files/27361665/REVISED_for_Submission_paper_publication_30012019_GF_PURECopy.pdf","Jan 30, 2019 ... ... legal requirements associated with these rights. ... of how to contact us. Download date: 20. Mar ... This brief essay in the form of a research note focuses on the ...","US","2019-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [3134,"RESPONDING TO VOTERS' DISSATISFACTION WITH ...","https://publicconsultation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Voter_Dissatisfaction_Report_0119.pdf","Jan 29, 2019 ... In some cases, they have even been willing to sit down and go over the draft together with us. In cases of proposals from proposed legislation we always seek ...","US","2019-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [3135,"EU CODE OF PRACTICE ON DISINFORMATION Google report On ...","https://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/image/document/2019-5/google_-_ec_action_plan_reporting_CF162236-E8FB-725E-C0A3D2D6CCFE678A_56994.pdf","Jan 28, 2019 ... Signatories commit to keep complying with the requirement set by EU and national laws, and outlined in self-regulatory Codes, that all advertisements should be ...","EU","2019-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [3136,"Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced ...","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/135511/2521.full.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Jan 28, 2019 ... subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Page 2. Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced ...","US","2019-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [3137,"La regulación de las \"fake news\" en el derecho comparado","https://www.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/26901/1/Regulacion_de_las_fake_news_2018.pdf","Jan 28, 2019 ... 15 First Amendment U.S. Constitution: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or ...","US","2019-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [3138,"Disinformazione","https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/content/download/141709/1904295/version/4/file/disinformazione.pdf","Jan 28, 2019 ... ... fake news and online disinformation ... Disinfo, descritto come parte della campagna “EU vs Disinformation” mirata a “meglio prevenire, ... con la Network ...","EU","2019-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [3139,"Truth Tampering Through Social Media: Malaysia's Approach in ...","https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ikat/article/download/40482/23552","Jan 25, 2019 ... In reviewing the Anti-Fake News Act, the Pakatan Harapan-led. “New Malaysia” should look closely into the function of this law, the definition of “fake news”, ...","China","2019-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [3140,"INTERMEDIARY GUIDELINES RULES, 2018","https://meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Addendum1_Public_comments_on_draft_intermediary_guidelines.pdf","Jan 22, 2019 ... ... Chinese student as observing that 'If we restrict our internet and we Chinese ... fake news and ensure the accountability of social media platforms to the law.","China","2019-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [3141,"Inducing resistance to the misinformation effect by means of ...","https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/73835/szpitalak_polczyk_inducing_resistance_to_the_misinformation_effect_by_means_of_reinforced_self-affirmation_2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jan 22, 2019 ... Do justice and let the sky fall: Elizabeth. Loftus and her contributions to science, law, and academic freedom. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erl- baum Associates ...","US","2019-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [3142,"Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media ...","https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/54352953/0093650218819671.pdf","Jan 20, 2019 ... fact-checkers, fake news, misinformation, polarization, selective exposure ... Respondents were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. Sample. U.S. ...","US","2019-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [3143,"Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0093650218819671","Jan 20, 2019 ... fact-checkers, fake news, misinformation, polarization, selective exposure ... Respondents were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. Sample. U.S. ...","US","2019-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [3144,"Why Do People Fall for Fake News?","https://viva.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/59/2022/06/Why-Do-People-Fall-for-Fake-News_.pdf","Jan 19, 2019 ... misinformation? And what, if ... an influential 2012 study in which the law ... strike us as the most natural or most common explanation of the human weakness for.","US","2019-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [3145,"Societal costs of “fake news” in the Digital Single Market","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/626087/IPOL_STU(2018)626087_EN.pdf","Jan 18, 2019 ... Three high priority measures can be distinguished to combat. “fake news”, that do not recommend “hard” legislation (which might lead to censorship) but rather.","China","2019-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [3146,"Righting the Misperceptions of Men Having Sex with Men: A Pre ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e4ad/8cb314a4bc81908a7f7a1e45d6f3d068803d.pdf","Jan 17, 2019 ... stigma likely stems from misinformation ... HIV and the Law: Risks, Rights & Health. ... Reemergence of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in North.","Australia","2019-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [3147,"Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of ...","https://peasec.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019_ReuterHaKiSc_FakeNewsPerceptionGermany_WI.pdf","Jan 17, 2019 ... Although there were many cases of fake news during the U.S. election, ... In October 2017, a German law came to force called ... Misinformation, disinformation, and ...","US","2019-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [3148,"Countering China's Sharp Power: Disinformation and Social Media ...","https://scholarspace.library.gwu.edu/downloads/v692t6855?locale=fr","Jan 16, 2019 ... quo, China demands that she directly affirm the 1992. Consensus, an unofficial agreement between Chinese officials and Taiwan's Kuomingtang (KMT) party which.","China","2019-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [3149,"The 'dark side' of digital diplomacy: countering disinformation and ...","https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ari5-2019-bjola-dark-side-digital-diplomacy-countering-disinformation-propaganda.pdf","Jan 15, 2019 ... ... China, a development which is likely to drive more and more governments to step up their law enforcement efforts and digital counter-strategies to protect ...","China","2019-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3150,"Keeping Rumors in Proportion:Managing Uncertainty in Rumor ...","https://faculty.washington.edu/espiro/pdf/krafft.spiro_chi_2019.pdf","Jan 15, 2019 ... problems of misinformation and disinformation on social ... judgment. We also restrict our focus to rumors of ... shaped by the institutions surrounding us. The ...","US","2019-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3151,"Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1805871115","Jan 14, 2019 ... What can research in communication, psychol- ogy, political science, and related fields tell us about potential solutions? What agendas for future research have ...","US","2019-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [3152,"Fake News as Discursive Integration: An Analysis of Sites That ...","https://topicminer.hse.ru/rsf2019/literature/fakenews/Mour%C3%A3o_Robertson_2019_Fake%20News%20as%20Discursive%20Integration.pdf","Jan 13, 2019 ... In an analysis of news coverage of fake news in major US newspapers in 2016, Carlson ... law.” Predicting Engagement. The second goal of ... “Misinformation, ...","US","2019-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [3153,"The Dark Side of Information Proliferation","https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/psych/people/thills/thills/2018_hillspopsdarksideofinfo.pdf","Jan 11, 2019 ... herding, and the proliferation of misinformation. ... The proliferation of social information therefore threat- ens our better judgment ... Evidence from U.S. daily ...","US","2019-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [3154,"DISCLOSURE AND AUTHORIZATION","https://www.securtest.com/forms/caf2.pdf","Jan 11, 2019 ... regulations, state and federal laws and consult with legal counsel. ... misinformation resulting from that theft from ... National banks, federal savings ...","US","2019-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [3155,"Taking Fact-checks Literally But Not Seriously? The Eects of ...","https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/5/2293/files/2021/03/trump-corrections.pdf","Jan 11, 2019 ... Informa- tion and Misinformation in American Politics. ... Trump described himself as the “law and order” candidate and said he was committed to lowering crime ...","US","2019-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [3156,"The Effects of the “War on Science” Frame on Scientists' Credibility","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1075547018822081","Jan 9, 2019 ... U.S. census. Quota-based online samples come with ... Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4, 465-505. ... the public against misinformation about climate change.","US","2019-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [3157,"Fake News, Real Money: Ad Tech Platforms, Profit-Driven Hoaxes ...","https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=journalism_faculty_pubs","Jan 8, 2019 ... Fake News, Real Money: Ad Tech Platforms, Profit-. Driven ... legislation in 2017 rolling back restrictions on ... Media International Australia,. 166(1): 34–43.","Australia","2019-01-08T00:00:00"],
    [3158,"ECHO CHAMBERS AND FILTER BUBBLES OF FAKE NEWS IN ...","https://www.ling.hhu.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Fakultaeten/Philosophische_Fakultaet/Sprache_und_Information/Informationswissenschaft/Dateien/Wolfgang_G._Stock/2019/Zimmer_Scheibe_Stock_Stock_Fake_News.pdf","Jan 5, 2019 ... misinformation thrives. ... legal doctor-patient confidentiality in order to ... Being a chain-smoker is not unhealthy ☺.” As the deception is disclosed, a us- er ...","US","2019-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [3159,"Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Selected Jurisdictions","https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llglrd/2019668143/2019668143.pdf","Jan 4, 2019 ... ... regulatory and ethical frameworks to ensure the healthy development of AI. Specifically, China would conduct research on legal issues related to AI ...","China","2019-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [3160,"Fake News and Disinformation: Phenomenons of Post-Factual Society","https://www.mlar.sk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/MLAR_2018_2_3_Fake-News-and-Disinformation-Phenomenons-of-Post-Factual-Society.pdf","Jan 3, 2019 ... The danger lies primarily in the fact that the user recognizes and trusts the companies. The maker of such a fraudulent report or competition violates the law, ...","China","2019-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [3161,"GM's Code of Conduct, Winning with Integrity","https://investor.gm.com/static-files/396dd496-c909-4091-8108-2a7a1e801330","Jan 1, 2019 ... U.S. government officials may be subject to ethics codes and laws that strictly regulate what they can accept from you and private companies like GM. We are ...","US","2019-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [3162,"The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/12/The-IRA-Social-Media-and-Political-Polarization.pdf","Dec 31, 2018 ... Russia's Internet Research Agency (IRA) began targeting US voters for misinformation as early as 2012, using some of the techniques it had deployed on its ...","US","2018-12-31T00:00:00"],
    [3163,"Introduction into Information Sharing using MISP for CSIRTs","https://www.misp-project.org/misp-training/a.4-best-practices.pdf","Dec 30, 2018 ... The ATT&CK EU community. ▷ Work on attacker ... of sharing (mule account information, disinformation ... ▷ \"Our legal framework doesn't allow us to share ...","EU","2018-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [3164,"The Unhackable Election","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26798019","Dec 29, 2018 ... The European response has also been patchy. The eu's team tasked with countering propaganda and disinformation in eastern Europe is limited by its miserly ...","EU","2018-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [3165,"Regulatory Authorities for Electronic Media and Media Literacy ...","https://rm.coe.int/regulatory-authorities-for-electronic-media/1680903a2a","Dec 23, 2018 ... A 2018 Eurobarometer survey6 on fake news and online disinformation across the EU Member States showed that 83 percent of the ... eu/legal-con- · tent/EN/TXT/HTML ...","EU","2018-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [3166,"Integrity, Fairness and Efficiency-An Inquiry into Class Action ...","https://www.alrc.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/alrc_report_134_webaccess_2.pdf","Dec 21, 2018 ... Inquiry into Class Action Proceedings and Third-Party Litigation Funders. On 11 December 2017, the Australian Law Reform Commission received Terms.","Australia","2018-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [3167,"An Ethical Model for Mandatory Reporting to Avoid Preventable ...","https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2505&context=etd","Dec 21, 2018 ... studies employed same methods in Australia. The ... common law principles,82 non-governmental regulations, and governmental regulations. ... The extent of this ...","Australia","2018-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [3168,"Protecting political discourse from online manipulation: the ...","https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/religion/cfi-ga76/submissions/2022-12-19/submission-freedom-thought-ga76-others-katejones-2_0.pdf","Dec 20, 2018 ... misinformation, information that is false but ... international human rights treaties place legal ... Pamment, \"The. EU's Role in Fighting. Disinformation: Taking ...","EU","2018-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [3169,"Explicating the information vacuum: Stages, intensifications, and ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/context/lkcsb_research/article/6958/viewcontent/Explicating_the_information_vacuum_2017_av.pdf","Dec 20, 2018 ... Hence, there is a need to study social media's roles and effects on organizations during crises. IV as mediated social pressure. To avoid legal complications, ...","Australia","2018-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [3170,"Assessing the Global Gag Rule:","https://cdn.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/81/9d/819d9000-5350-4ea3-b699-1f12d59ec67f/181231-ggr-d09.pdf","Dec 18, 2018 ... What is the Scope of the Mexico City Policy: Assessing Abortion Laws in Countries that Receive U.S. Global Health. Assistance [Online]. https://www.kff.org ...","US","2018-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [3171,"Platforms and misinformation","https://internetnz.nz/assets/Archives/Platforms_and_Misinformation.pdf","Dec 16, 2018 ... In the 2016 US election, the Donald Trump campaign used microtargeting to run 5.9 million different Facebook advertisements, microtargeting messages to ...","US","2018-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [3172,"Fake news, information overload, and the third-person effect in China","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/20594364211047369","Dec 15, 2018 ... Because of these conflicting findings regarding the relationship between the third-person effect and support for media regulation, it seems important to test ...","China","2018-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3173,"Genesis and evolution of EU anti disinformation policy ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07036337.2022.2150842","Dec 15, 2018 ... The article shows that the perceived salience of disinformation led the European. Commission to act as a political entrepreneur and intervene in the field. The.","EU","2018-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3174,"News Consumption and Trust in Online and Social Media: An In ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/13774/3115","Dec 15, 2018 ... eroded by misinformation and disinformation (“fake news ... Considering the long history of public service media, normative approaches, and legal regulations (see ...","EU","2018-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3175,"Post-Truth and Critical Communication Studies - Oxford Research ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/5433790/mod_resource/content/1/Post-truth%20and%20critical%20communication%20studies.pdf","Dec 15, 2018 ... ... misinformation, fake news, rumor bombs, and lying. Disinformation, rumor bombs, and fake news have mass commu nication era antecedents in both war and ...","EU","2018-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3176,"Misunderstanding Vietnam","https://www.jstor.org/stable/44638337","Dec 13, 2018 ... \"the first, the supreme\" act of strategic judgment) to \"establish . . . ... Herein lies Record's third cause of failure. ... , prompting countermeasures by China or ...","China","2018-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3177,"healthcare fraud & abuse review 2018","https://www.bassberry.com/wp-content/uploads/healthcare-fraud-abuse-annual-review.pdf","Dec 13, 2018 ... procedures established by federal law.”). Page 27. 25 | BASS, BERRY & SIMS HEALTHCARE FRAUD & ABUSE REVIEW 2018. By contrast, the district court in U.S. ex rel.","US","2018-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3178,"FIVE WAYS TO AVOID FALLING PREY TO FAKE NEWS","https://tanenbaum.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Believe-it...or-not-Combating-Extremism-12.3.18-1.pdf","Dec 7, 2018 ... Fake News. Facts on the ... But sometimes it can cloud our judgment or make us subject to group-think. ... fake-news-and-disinformation/ iii 45 percent of ...","US","2018-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [3179,"Policy Brief","https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/library/doclib/Shannon-Transparency-in-public-employee-collective-bargaining.pdf","Dec 7, 2018 ... 23 Georgia Open Meetings Act, at http://law ... la.us/llala.nsf/BAADB2991272084786257AB8006EE827/$FILE/Open%20Meetings%20 ... There was so much misinformation and ...","US","2018-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [3180,"Open Policy Forum on Regulation of Transparency of Online ...","https://assets.gov.ie/6627/e6ba79d6343445e99758d60204fa0e8d.pdf","Dec 6, 2018 ... the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation. Page 6. 5. Ryan Meade, Public Policy & Government Relations Manager, Google Ireland.","EU","2018-12-06T00:00:00"],
    [3181,"Action Plan against Disinformation","https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/action_plan_against_disinformation.pdf","Dec 5, 2018 ... cybersecurity incidents and fighting disinformation campaigns in the context of elections to the European. Parliament, C(2018) 5949. 39. Regulation (EU) No ...","EU","2018-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [3182,"COMBATING DISINFORMATION CONTENT KEY ISSUES","https://www.cep.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/cep.eu/Analysen/JOIN_2018_36/cepAnalyse_JOIN_2018__36_Combating_Disinformation_korr.pdf","Dec 5, 2018 ... Insofar as EU law is affected by disinformation, the EU can support Member States - such as via a “Rapid Alert System” - with their counter measures by ...","EU","2018-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [3183,"Government report on information policy and artificial intelligence","https://vm.fi/documents/10623/7768305/VM_Tiepo_selonteko_070219_ENG_WEB.pdf","Dec 5, 2018 ... The European Union has a new. General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR), which entered into force as directly applicable law in its Member States ...","EU","2018-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [3184,"The Propagation of Misinformation in Social Media: A Cross-platform ...","https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/281238/1/Amsterdam-University-Press_9789463720762.pdf","Dec 4, 2018 ... European Union's Horizon 2020 program, grant agreement number 732942. Data availability. Datasets with the monthly term counts for Breitbart comments and ...","EU","2018-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [3185,"The naked truth about US climate policy1","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3301857_code3267588.pdf?abstractid=3298322&mirid=1","Dec 5, 2018 ... A campaign of misinformation has allowed the completion of an attack on scientific analysis of the climate threat and the successful gutting of research on an ...","US","2018-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [3186,"Spycops in Context: Counter-subversion, deep dissent and the logic ...","https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/Spycops%20in%20context%20%E2%80%93%20counter-subversion,%20deep%20dissent%20and%20the%20logic%20of%20political%20policing.pdf","Dec 3, 2018 ... apparatus's history and practice will equip us better for the turbulent times that likely lie ahead. ... Legislation limits legal strike activity to ... 2. Policing ...","US","2018-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [3187,"Previous Informed Consent as the Core Principle for the Conference ...","https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/bitstream/11125/42537/1/Previous%20informed%20consent%20as%20the%20core%20principle%20for%20the%20conference%20on%20biodiversity.pdf","Nov 30, 2018 ... indigenous peoples in international and domestic law and practices. Australian. Indigenous Law Reporter , Vol. 9, No. 2, 111‐116. United Nations Department ...","Australia","2018-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [3188,"1 “The Lies of Donald Trump: A Taxonomy” James P. Pfiffner George ...","https://pfiffner.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pfiffner-The-Lies-of-Donald-Trump-A-Taxonomy.pdf","Nov 30, 2018 ... In 2017 Trump declared that the “fake news media” are “the enemy of the American ... by domestic terrorists, US citizens, or legal residents (Valverde 2017).","US","2018-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [3189,"POLICY ROUNDTABLE: THE FUTURE OF CONSERVATIVE ...","https://tnsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Future-of-Conservative-FP_PDF.pdf","Nov 30, 2018 ... economic imperialism (China in Asia), subversion and disinformation (Russia and China), and even building new real estate (China in the South China Sea).","China","2018-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [3190,"Improving transparency and accountability in the governance of ...","https://ejfoundation.org/resources/downloads/Transparency_roundtable_meeting_report_Nov2018.pdf","Nov 29, 2018 ... ... EU fleet register, publication of a database of external fishing authorisations under the recently reformed Regulation governing the activities of EU.","EU","2018-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [3191,"The Trust Triangle: Laws, Reputation, and Culture in Empirical ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3313823_code17129.pdf?abstractid=3105693","Nov 28, 2018 ... Trust lies at the core of nearly all economic transactions. ... law countries, which derive their legal ... (2008) Reputational Sanctions in China's Securities ...","China","2018-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3192,"The MIN-GUIDE Policy Guide","https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5bf9b150c&appId=PPGMS","Nov 29, 2018 ... Instead, the focus lies on the supportive ... (e.g. lack of internal capacity) and legal factors (e.g. unsupportive regulations). ... Economy Promotion Law of the ...","China","2018-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3193,"PosT-TruTh As A govErnMEnTAl PrACTiCE – APPlying PosT-TruTh ...","https://apcz.umk.pl/CJPS/article/download/CJPS.2018.008/24734","Nov 28, 2018 ... of law . retrieved from https://www .fidh .org ... Beyond Misinformation: un- derstanding and Coping ... retrieved from http://mertek .eu/wp-content/up- loads ...","EU","2018-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3194,"Media Literacy, Democracy, and the Challenge of Fake News","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1389&context=jmle","Nov 28, 2018 ... Yellow journalism has been blamed for stoking the fervor that led to the Spanish-American War and was arguably the forerunner of what became tabloid journalism.","US","2018-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3195,"Proposing Safeguards for Governmentally-Regulated Risk ...","https://www.sarahscheffler.net/2018/Scheffler_Attaluri-Risk_Assessment_Safeguards.pdf","Nov 25, 2018 ... 56 General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/67 Art. ... 62 Id. Page 15. Attaluri, Scheffler 15 correct misinformation in the source databases than it would be ...","EU","2018-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [3196,"NEWS VS. FAKE NEL SISTEMA DELL'INFORMAZIONE","https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/12791486/Pubblicazione+23-11-2018/93869b4f-0a8d-4380-aad2-c10a0e426d83?version=1.0","Nov 23, 2018 ... Sunstein, C. R. (2002), “The Law of Group ... “america”, “donald”, ...). ... Zollo (2018), “Polarization and Fake News: Early Warning of Potential Misinformation.","US","2018-11-23T00:00:00"],
    [3197,"NEWS VS. FAKE NEL SISTEMA DELL'INFORMAZIONE","https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/3744102/Allegato+22-11-2018/3aff8790-8039-4456-8f9a-dae2497289a4","Nov 22, 2018 ... Sunstein, C. R. (2002), “The Law of Group ... “america”, “donald”, ...). ... Zollo (2018), “Polarization and Fake News: Early Warning of Potential Misinformation.","US","2018-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [3198,"Study on the Sufficiency of Disclosure (SCP/22/4)","https://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/scp/en/scp_22/scp_22_presentation_sufficiency_of_disclosure.pdf","Nov 19, 2018 ... their applicable laws (national and regional legislation, court ... ▫ clarifies the technical field in which it lies ... • China: “the examiner shall take into ...","China","2018-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [3199,"OSF - Lawless: the secret rules that govern our digital lives","https://osf.io/aksn9/download/?version=1&displayName=Suzor%202019%20Lawless-2018-11-19T13%3A55%3A25.098Z.pdf","Nov 19, 2018 ... The article was clearly legal under U.S. law, but contravened Australian ... laws of Australia ... removing defamatory posts, or limiting the flow of misinformation ...","Australia","2018-11-19T00:00:00"],
    [3200,"Corruption of Our Democracy","https://my.lwv.org/sites/default/files/corruption-limper.pdf","Nov 18, 2018 ... Fixing Corruption: Represent.Us. Play video. Page 19. Set a New Legal Standard. The American Anti-Corruption Act: I. Stop political bribery. II. End secret ...","US","2018-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [3201,"The Meaning of Hoax in Indonesian Politics and Democracy","https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jsp/article/download/34614/pdf","Nov 17, 2018 ... One interpretation of the verse is that Muslims should not choose non-Muslims as a leader. (Ahok is a Chinese-Christian). ... is involved in legal cases or has ...","China","2018-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [3202,"“Cyberspace and Cyber Laws”","http://ijless.kypublications.com/5.S2.18/IJLESS%205.S2-2018_.pdf","Nov 16, 2018 ... European Union have enacted anti spam legislation. In fact Australia has very stringent spam laws under which the spammers may be fined up to 1.1 million ...","EU","2018-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [3203,"Beyond News Contents:The Role of Social Context for Fake News ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.07709","Nov 16, 2018 ... 11–15, 2019, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. ACM, New ... fake news, are more likely to spread fake news. For ... Fake News: A Legal Perspective. (2017). [14] ...","Australia","2018-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [3204,"The battle to end fake news: A qualitative content analysis of ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1748048519880729","Nov 14, 2018 ... rities or the rule of law (Fitzi et al., 2018). ... campaigns and the European Union (EU) Referendum. ... mentioned time period: disinformation, misinformation, ...","EU","2018-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [3205,"1 Free Speech Skepticism Susan J. Brison sbrison@princeton.edu ...","https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Brison-Free-Speech-Skepticism-Nov.-11-2018-copy.pdf","Nov 14, 2018 ... and contemporary U.S. philosophers and legal theorists writing on free speech, like the U.S. courts, reject First Amendment absolutism.12 Rather, most ...","US","2018-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [3206,"exploring the misinformation effect and individual difference factors ...","https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/8687/4/Anglada-Tort_etal_2018.pdf","Nov 14, 2018 ... ... law (see Brainerd &. Reyna, 2005; Loftus, 2005 ... The between- participant variable was the presence of misinformation (misinformation vs. ... us-moore/ex-thin- ...","US","2018-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [3207,"Foreign Observation of the Illegitimate “General Elections” in the ...","https://www.fakeobservers.org/biased-observation-database/elections/presidential-election-unrecognized-donetsk-peoples-republic-2018.html?file=files/EPDE_BO_DB/EPDE%20Reports/Foreign%20Observation%20of%20the%20Illegitimate%20General%20Elections%20in%20the%20DPR%20and%20LPR.pdf","Nov 11, 2018 ... of disinformation and ... 7 The EU considered the “elections” in the DPR ... taken under the Minsk agreements and violate[d] Ukraine's sovereignty and law”.","EU","2018-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [3208,"Fuzzy‐based fake information detection algorithm to define the user ...","https://research.vit.ac.in/publication/fuzzy-based-fake-information-detection-algorithm/pdf/postprint-fuzzy-based-fake-information-detection-algorithm.pdf","Nov 10, 2018 ... For further verification and validation of the proposed algorithm, real-time tweets are fetched and misinformation and fake ... verification, regulation, and ...","Australia","2018-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [3209,"Resilience to Online Disinformation: A Framework for Cross ...","https://repository.uantwerpen.be/docman/irua/e88310/166168.pdf","Nov 9, 2018 ... The Varieties of Democracies (VDem) project draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from academics who act as expert coders to answer 400 questions.","EU","2018-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [3210,"Factual or Believable? Negotiating the Boundaries of Confirmation ...","https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/59955/1/0515.pdf","Nov 9, 2018 ... This was particularly evident in the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. presidential election when the phenomenon of “fake news” was widely attacked for its possible ...","US","2018-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [3211,"The Tactics & Tropes of the Internet Research Agency","https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/533-read-report-internet-research-agency/7871ea6d5b7bedafbf19/optimized/full.pdf","Nov 8, 2018 ... where it comes from Russia or China or wherever. If the Russians are able to expose Clinton's lies then let them do it. I want to know the truth. Secondly ...","China","2018-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [3212,"Managing the Misinformation Marketplace: The First Amendment ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5613&context=flr","Nov 8, 2018 ... 497 U.S. 1 (1990). 70. See id. at 21. Page 13. 2634. FORDHAM LAW REVIEW.","US","2018-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [3213,"Duty, Identity, Credibility: Fake news and the ordinary citizen in India","https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/duty-identity-credibility.pdf","Nov 8, 2018 ... and up-close observation of sharing behaviours - allowed us to explore fake news with nuance, richness and depth. ... My daughter in law also does it…all the ...","US","2018-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [3214,"Investigation into the use of data analytics in political campaigns | ICO","https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/2260271/investigation-into-the-use-of-data-analytics-in-political-campaigns-final-20181105.pdf","Nov 6, 2018 ... The DCMS Select Committee is conducting a comprehensive inquiry into. Disinformation. The EU says electoral law needs to be updated to reflect the new ...","EU","2018-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [3215,"Fake News and Advertising on Social Media: A Study of the Anti ...","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w25223/w25223.pdf","Nov 6, 2018 ... online misinformation may have played in the outcome of the 2016 US presidential election. ... legislation that outlaws fake news: anyone who ... fake news on the ...","US","2018-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [3216,"Fake News and the Third-Person Effect: They are More Influenced ...","https://www.mrjournal.ro/docs/R2/32jmr1T.pdf","Nov 5, 2018 ... The Self in. Social Judgment (pp. 85-106). New York, NY, US: Psychology Press. 3. Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. ( ...","US","2018-11-05T00:00:00"],
    [3217,"Trends in the Diffusion of Misinformation on Social Media","https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/fake-news-trends.pdf","Oct 30, 2018 ... Many articles that have been rated as false by major fact-checking orga- nizations have not been flagged in Facebook's system, and two major fake news sites ...","EU","2018-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [3218,"The Bait and Switch: Air Traffic Control “Reform” and the Business ...","https://nbaa.org/wp-content/uploads/advocacy/legislative-and-regulatory-issues/faa-reauthorization-and-modernization/The-Bait-and-Switch-Air-Traffic-Control-Reform-and-the-Business-Aviation-Community.pdf","Oct 30, 2018 ... According to FAA, airline delays and cancellations cost the U.S. economy nearly $30 billion annually.” MYTH. “There is a fair amount of misinformation.","US","2018-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [3219,"CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT INTEGRITY IN ACTION","https://www.etihadaviationgroup.com/content/dam/eag/corporate/etihadaviation/en-ae/desktop2/pdfs/Code_of_business_conduct.pdf","Oct 29, 2018 ... are doing so from an EU country. You can find ... • Spreading misinformation or malicious rumours ... Always follow the relevant health, safety and environment (HSE).","EU","2018-10-29T00:00:00"],
    [3220,"Combating Retail Fraud Roundtable Transcript","https://www.sec.gov/spotlight/equity-market-structure-roundtables/retail-fraud-round-roundtable-092618-transcript.pdf","Oct 26, 2018 ... ... judgment or order entered against them in an ... misinformation,. 5 disclose if they've been doing ... Australia, in the. 7. U.K., in Canada right now, there's a ...","Australia","2018-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [3221,"From post-truth to post-trust?","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2018/628298/EPRS_ATA(2018)628298_EN.pdf","Oct 25, 2018 ... In 2017,. Trump withdrew the US from the 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement to combat climate change. ... academia, courts, law ... Dis- and misinformation can ...","US","2018-10-25T00:00:00"],
    [3222,"danone policy for the marketing of breast-milk substitutes (bms policy)","https://www.danone.com/content/dam/corp/global/danonecom/about-us-impact/policies-and-commitments/en/2018/Danone%20Policy%20for%20the%20Marketing%20of%20Breast-Milk%20Substitutes%202018.pdf","Oct 23, 2018 ... including the enactment of legislation, regulation or other suitable measures. ... The ultimate responsibility for the implementation of this BMS Policy lies with ...","China","2018-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3223,"Disinformation and 'fake news': Government Response to the ...","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/1630/1630.pdf","Oct 23, 2018 ... The EU Withdrawal Act 2018 allows the Government to make secondary legislation to deal with any deficiencies that would arise on exit in retained EU law. We ...","EU","2018-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3224,"Defamation of a Nation","https://www.digitallawcenter.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/james_michael_heller.pdf","Oct 23, 2018 ... the Common Law. In absence of meaningful legislation, the common law should allow for expansion of defamation law to cover grossly negligent disinformation ...","EU","2018-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3225,"A Guide to the Russian Tool Box of Election Meddling: a Platform to ...","http://iesc.lt/app/uploads/2018/10/IESC_Guide_ToolBox_2018_FINAL.pdf","Oct 23, 2018 ... The Dutch referendum on the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement could be an example. Along with plenty of 'fake news', a tactic of 'false threat' was adopted ...","EU","2018-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3226,"Vietnam's unheld elections; the failure to carry out the 1956 ...","https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstreams/020691c4-6762-44f0-903b-390c67a04188/download","Oct 20, 2018 ... Though the incredible amount of misrepresentation on the ... legal means after disarmament.13 The extreme ... New China News Agency dis.patch, 10 May 1954. 11 ...","China","2018-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [3227,"Cybersecurity in Elections","https://aceproject.org/ero-en/ifes-cybersecurity-in-elections","Oct 18, 2018 ... 16 Council of Europe, Certification of e-voting systems, 2011. 17 Regulation (EU) 2016/679, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- · content/EN/TXT/?qid ...","EU","2018-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3228,"No Bots About It: California's Crackdown On Chatbots","https://www.steptoe.com/a/web/187126/No-Bots-About-It-California-s-Crackdown-On-Chatbots.pdf","Oct 18, 2018 ... SB 1001 was drafted, in part, to help prevent election interference. (for example, Twitter bots posting about fake news), but the new law will also impact ...","US","2018-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3229,"WITHHOLDING PROTECTION","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3383646_code1069497.pdf?abstractid=3383646&mirid=1","Oct 18, 2018 ... Certain humanitarian protections are built into the system in an attempt to ensure that the. United States meets its international and domestic legal ...","US","2018-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3230,"Computational propaganda techniques","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2018/628284/EPRS_ATA(2018)628284_EN.pdf","Oct 17, 2018 ... The use of algorithms, automation and artificial intelligence is boosting the scope and the efficiency of disinformation campaigns and related cyber-activities.","China","2018-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [3231,"Weaponizing the Digital Influence Machine: | Data & Society","https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DS_Digital_Influence_Machine.pdf","Oct 17, 2018 ... Whatever the future of online ad regulation, the consideration of political ads will only be one component in a larger effort to combat disinformation and ...","EU","2018-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [3232,"revealing the truth","https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Bulletin/2018/ACR_Bulletin_October2018.pdf","Oct 16, 2018 ... U.S. District Judge Made- line H. Haikala (my ... misinformation at a video shoot in Dallas in April. ... 2 Then in July, the Tenth Circuit ruled medical judgment ...","US","2018-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [3233,"Curbing the Spread of Misinformation: Insights, Innovations, and ...","https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/curbing-spread-misinformation/fulltext.pdf","Oct 15, 2018 ... Effective communication may be devised through the lens of Social Judgment. Theory (SJT) (Sherif et al., 1965), which describes a person's attitude as a set of ...","China","2018-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3234,"Potential responses to the threat of 'fake news' in a digitalised media ...","https://www.otago.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/330732/potential-responses-to-the-threat-of-fake-news-in-a-digitalised-media-environment-710994.pdf","Oct 15, 2018 ... <www.politico.eu/article/french-parliament-passes-law-against-fake-news/>. 72. Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry “France's 'Fake news' Law Won't Work” (15 February 2018) ...","EU","2018-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3235,"Potential responses to the threat of 'fake news' in a digitalised media ...","https://www.itechdaily.com/law/otago710994.pdf","Oct 15, 2018 ... <www.politico.eu/article/french-parliament-passes-law-against-fake-news/>. 72. Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry “France's 'Fake news' Law Won't Work” (15 February 2018) ...","EU","2018-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3236,"Countering Russian Social Media Influence","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2700/RR2740/RAND_RR2740.pdf","Oct 15, 2018 ... countries like Canada, Australia ... the Challenges of Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation,” American Educa- tional Research Journal, Vol. ... Public Law 75-583, ...","Australia","2018-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3237,"Narrative, Culture and Legitimacy: Repetition and Singularity in ...","https://as.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/eas/documents/miscellaneous/xudong-zhang-(for-profile-page)/Zhang-Narrative,%20Culture%20and%20Legitimacy-%20Repetition%20and%20Singularity%20in%20Zhang%20Yimou%E2%80%99s%20The%20Story%20of%20Qiu%20Ju.pdf","Oct 13, 2018 ... xieshi) Chinese writer, Chen Yuanbin, entitled 'The Wan Family's Law ... of Qiu Ju lies in its cinematic drama focusing on the legal mechanism ... state of rule of ...","China","2018-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3238,"Politically Motivated Denial of Service Attacks","https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/12_NAZARIO-Politically-Motivated-DDoS.pdf","Oct 12, 2018 ... Among the events that occurred were multiple attacks, including DDoS attacks and probes on US military Internet sites. The Chinese hacking group “Honker Union” ...","China","2018-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [3239,"Transforming the communication between citizens and government ...","https://www.icsd.aegean.gr/publication_files/980795393.pdf","Oct 12, 2018 ... activity aimed to attack political opponents or spread misinformation, ... systems, (ii) searching in documents (including legal ones) and pro-.","EU","2018-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [3240,"Primary Prevention of Prescription Drug Misuse Among Culturally ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48717176","Oct 12, 2018 ... ... law enforcement and other perceived threats. To ... on stories and other misinformation they heard from friends. ... U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2018) ...","US","2018-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [3241,"Towards News Authenticity: Synthesizing Natural Language ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/6514899/10034750.pdf","Oct 11, 2018 ... machine judgment to make the final decision. ... response to political misinformation in the US and Netherlands. ... Academy of Sciences of the United States of ...","US","2018-10-11T00:00:00"],
    [3242,"Regulating for Responsible Technology","https://doteveryone.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Doteveryone-Regulating-for-Responsible-Tech-Report.pdf","Oct 10, 2018 ... ○ Legislation to give the ASA, or a new regulatory body, powers to handle ... misinformation online has been directly linked to ... and consumer protection http:// ...","EU","2018-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [3243,"Iffy Quotient: A Platform Health Metric for Misinformation","https://csmr.umich.edu/media/docs/UMSI-CSMR-Iffy-Quotient-Whitepaper-810084.pdf","Oct 10, 2018 ... Consonant with previous claims that there was a major uptick in sharing of misinformation in the lead up to the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, on both ...","US","2018-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [3244,"Information literacy and Confirmation Bias: You can lead a person to ...","https://asu-ir.tdl.org/bitstreams/422e3244-6b02-4bf6-8188-73b5ee05eb05/download","Oct 7, 2018 ... challenges of motivated reasoning and misinformation. ... Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. ... U.S. presidential election.","US","2018-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [3245,"Disinformation under a networked authoritarian state: Saudi trolls ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2020-0118/pdf","Oct 6, 2018 ... As mentioned above, China, Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey are clear examples of authoritative cyberspaces shaped by regulation, censorship, and propaganda ...","China","2018-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [3246,"Disinformation, and Influence Campaigns on Twitter 'Fake News'","https://s3.amazonaws.com/kf-site-legacy-media/feature_assets/www/misinfo/kf-disinformation-report.0cdbb232.pdf","Oct 4, 2018 ... Using tools and mapping methods from Graphika, a social media intelligence firm, we study more than 10 million tweets from 700,000 Twitter accounts that linked ...","EU","2018-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [3247,"Don't Answer That: Revisiting the Political Question Doctrine in State ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1673&context=jcl","Oct 3, 2018 ... proposed amendment “lies within the ... of China) without approval by the Senate.62 ... interpretation rather than second-guessing legislative judgment.","China","2018-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [3248,"Children's Eyewitness Reports After Exposure to Misinformation ...","https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/xap7127.pdf","Oct 1, 2018 ... Journal of Experimental Psy- chology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19-31. McGough, L. S. (1994). Child witnesses: Fragile voices in the American legal system.","US","2018-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [3249,"Spread of fake news prompts literacy efforts in schools","https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1584461235/brockton/upa3t7hlktqrf30orytw/Grade11FakeNewsMediaLiteracy.pdf","Oct 1, 2018 ... The effort has been bipartisan, but has received little attention despite successful legislation in Washington state,. Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Mexico.","US","2018-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [3250,"fake-news-filter-bubbles-post-truth-and-trust.pdf","https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-09/fake-news-filter-bubbles-post-truth-and-trust.pdf","Sep 30, 2018 ... The 11 remaining countries surveyed – Brazil, China, Chile, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey - have lower levels of.","China","2018-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [3251,"Tackling the Information Crisis:","https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/T3-Report-Tackling-the-Information-Crisis.pdf","Sep 30, 2018 ... ... regulation by law ... 123 Instead of only focusing on 'stopping' misinformation through technology or regulation, ... Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal ...","EU","2018-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [3252,"Errors and Fraud in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ...","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45147.pdf","Sep 28, 2018 ... Fraud is intentional activity that breaks federal and/or state laws, while errors can be the result of unintentional mistakes. Certain acts, such as trafficking ...","US","2018-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [3253,"Ethical Implications of Predictive Risk Intelligence","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300146/pdf?md5=b1fc5b2c1ea6f8e26f19f61b80afb91a&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300146-main.pdf","Sep 27, 2018 ... misinformation due to data misuse (Gupta, 2018 ... The code of ethics is aimed at ensuring that the use of SIS in Prewave remains legal, ethical, socially re-.","EU","2018-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [3254,"Labour, Antisemitism and the News- A disinformation paradigm","https://www.mediareform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Labour-anti-semitism-and-the-news-EXEC-SUM-FINAL-PROOFED.pdf","Sep 27, 2018 ... experts (both legal and academic). Nor do the particular complexities and sensitivities absolve journalists of their responsibility to offer a due right of ...","EU","2018-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [3255,"EU Action Plan Against Disinformation: Public Authorities, Platforms ...","https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4604&context=til","Sep 26, 2018 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The International Lawyer by an ...","EU","2018-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [3256,"Exploring Digital Fake News Phenomenon in Indonesia","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3275115_code1424452.pdf?abstractid=3275115&mirid=1","Sep 26, 2018 ... We further found that Indonesia's school curriculum does not introduce new media literacy. From legal dimension, we explored the government role in handling the ...","EU","2018-09-26T00:00:00"],
    [3257,"AN IMPLIED FREEDOM OF POLITICAL OBSERVATION IN THE ...","https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/2892685/05-Reynolds.pdf","Sep 25, 2018 ... Court's Uneven Embrace of Proportionality Review' (2015) 40(1) University of Western. Australia Law ... And while misinformation is often propagated via ...","Australia","2018-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [3258,"Prior Exposure Increases Perceived Accuracy of Fake News","https://daverand.squarespace.com/s/2018-Pennycook-JEPG.pdf","Sep 24, 2018 ... Combating Fake News: An Agenda for Research and Action, Harvard Law. School and Northeastern University; (b) Canadian Society for Brain, Be- haviour and ...","Australia","2018-09-24T00:00:00"],
    [3259,"Public Consultation on Regulation of Online Political Advertising in ...","https://assets.gov.ie/2221/241018105550-e296646c9bf9424ebb1d1c4b456bf0b3.pdf","Sep 21, 2018 ... process and disinformation. ... The aim of the forum will be to identify policy solutions that respect the right to freedom of expression and relevant EU law ...","EU","2018-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [3260,"Report of the Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods ...","https://www.parliament.gov.sg/docs/default-source/Press-Releases/executive-summary---report-of-the-select-committee-on-deliberate-online-falsehoods.pdf","Sep 20, 2018 ... citizens voting against an EU-Ukraine trade agreement. ... Psychological research has shown that being exposed to large amounts of misinformation can make people ...","EU","2018-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [3261,"Corporate Scandals","https://research.cbs.dk/files/100410180/christina_kj_r_phd_series_06_2024.pdf","Sep 19, 2018 ... A Legal and Economic Analysis of Grey. Zones between EU Public Procurement Law and EU Competition Law. 28. Mette Nelund. Den nye jord – Et feltstudie af et ...","EU","2018-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [3262,"'Fake News Hysteria': How an analysis of Orson Welles' War of the ...","https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1062&context=major-papers","Sep 19, 2018 ... Furthermore, to the extent that. I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, ...","EU","2018-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [3263,"Addressing harmful online content - Ofcom","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/120991/Addressing-harmful-online-content.pdf","Sep 18, 2018 ... regulation in the EU (including, when implemented, in the UK)9 to video sharing platforms such as YouTube. Several countries including Germany and Australia ...","EU","2018-09-18T00:00:00"],
    [3264,"Information Manipulation: a Challenge for Our Democracies","https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/information_manipulation_rvb_cle838736.pdf","Sep 17, 2018 ... to Chinese influence. The Singaporean parliament addressed the issue and, to introduce a new law against disinformation, they created in. January 2018 a ...","China","2018-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [3265,"Alternative Influence: | Data & Society","https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DS_Alternative_Influence.pdf","Sep 17, 2018 ... eu o. Gavin McInnes n M chh ch ovicich e Cerno ern ... 61. Peck, Fox News Decoded; Alice Marwick, “Why Do People Share Fake News? A Sociotechnical Model of. Media ...","EU","2018-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [3266,"Understanding the Importance of Ethical Dilemma with False ...","https://redfame.com/journal/index.php/ijce/article/download/3633/3773","Sep 17, 2018 ... The various interrogatory tactics that are used by law enforcement in the United States will be analyzed, including the deceptive interrogatory tactics used ...","US","2018-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [3267,"Linguistic Signals under Misinformation and Fact-Checking ...","https://shanjiang.me/publications/cscw18a_paper.pdf","Sep 17, 2018 ... Authors' addresses: Shan Jiang, Northeastern University, USA, sjiang@ccs.neu.edu; Christo Wilson, Northeastern University,. USA, cbw@ccs.neu.edu. Permission to ...","US","2018-09-17T00:00:00"],
    [3268,"Defending Elections Against Malicious Spread of Misinformation","http://network-games-muri.engin.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/439/2019/04/defending-aaai-2019.pdf","Sep 16, 2018 ... update rules in Algorithm 2). The first is standard online gra- dient ascent, which takes a gradient step followed by Eu- clidean projection onto the ...","EU","2018-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [3269,"GOVERNANCE OF LIQUID COMMUNICATION GENERATED ...","http://interparestrust.org/assets/public/dissemination/Final_thesis_Mosweu.pdf","Sep 15, 2018 ... as Australia have updated their legislation related to privacy, data protection and intellectual ... fake news, misinformation ... threats that pertain to issues of ...","Australia","2018-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3270,"Advertising's Misinformation Effect | Cornell eCommons","https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/72541/1/LaTour28_Advertising_s_Misinformation_Effect.pdf","Sep 15, 2018 ... providing us with compromise judgments. It ... judgment and behavior change. ... Not only did the visual misinformation produce more remember judgments than the ...","US","2018-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3271,"POLICY ANALYSIS: Scientific Integrity in Federal Policymaking ...","https://www.sciencepolicyjournal.org/uploads/5/4/3/4/5434385/berman_emily__carter_jacob.pdf","Sep 15, 2018 ... In some cases, a violation of scientific integrity has clear legal boundaries; when a political appointee tampers with species science that affects a listing ...","US","2018-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3272,"“The Media Must Exercise Greater Responsibility in Reporting ...","https://aldf.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Media-Responsibility-in-Reporting-on-Lyme-Disease-9.15.18.pdf","Sep 15, 2018 ... There is much misinformation on Lyme disease being disseminated in the media as well as on the internet; much of it has been documented on the American Lyme ...","US","2018-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3273,"Alternative health Websites and Fake news: taking a Stab at ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jamerfolk.131.522.0405","Sep 14, 2018 ... by not taking a stance, people. JAF 131_4 text.indd 409. 9/14/18 3:11 PM. Page 6. 410. Journal of American Folklore 131 (2018) often assumed that i opposed ...","US","2018-09-14T00:00:00"],
    [3274,"Disinformation and propaganda – impact on the functioning of the ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/608864/IPOL_STU(2019)608864_EN.pdf","Sep 12, 2018 ... ... legal rules cannot be fully applied to counter disinformation and ... Chinese-American Immigrants Fall Prey to WeChat's Misinformation Problem. ... china-and-russia ...","China","2018-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [3275,"Investigation of three protected disclosure complaints regarding ...","https://www8.austlii.edu.au/au/other/VicOmbPRp/2018/10.pdf","Sep 12, 2018 ... Foreword. 5. Executive summary. 6. Background. 13. The protected disclosure complaints. 13. Jurisdiction. 14. Methodology. 15. Relevant legislation and the ...","Australia","2018-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [3276,"Country Policy and Information Note - Vietnam: Opposition to the state","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64ee0b7c13ae15000d6e2fea/VNM_CPIN_Opposition_to_state.pdf","Sep 10, 2018 ... However, the Press Law, the Publication Law, and the Criminal Code ... COVID-19 'misinformation' is particularly ... and maritime disputes with China. …Websites ...","China","2018-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [3277,"News and Political Information Consumption in Sweden: Mapping ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/09/Hedman-et-al-2018.pdf","Sep 9, 2018 ... Calo,. “Algorithms, bots, and political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for election law and.","US","2018-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [3278,"Investor Relations Policy","https://s28.q4cdn.com/123389419/files/doc_downloads/governance/investor_relations_policy.pdf","Sep 8, 2018 ... and timely manner, in compliance with all applicable securities laws and regulations ... the Company's message can result in misinformation, rumors and confusion ...","EU","2018-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [3279,"Fake news and anti-corruption","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Fake-news-2018.pdf","Sep 6, 2018 ... Documenting results of a large research project, they analyse “computational propaganda”2 in Brazil, Canada, China, Germany,. Poland, Taiwan, Russia, Ukraine ...","China","2018-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [3280,"Hidden Biases in Unreliable News Detection Datasets - Amazon ...","https://assets.amazon.science/aa/6d/415b05954b24bd355774012dbdb5/hidden-biases-in-unreliable-news-detection-datasets.pdf","Sep 6, 2018 ... Us- ing the observations and experimental results ... The spreading of misinformation online. Pro ... Nela-gt-2019: A large multi-labelled news dataset for the ...","US","2018-09-06T00:00:00"],
    [3281,"Quality and Regulatory Framework","https://researchmatters.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Report-on-consultations-on-early-years-quality-and-regulatory-framework-Ireland-2018.pdf","Sep 5, 2018 ... misinformation and anecdotal information” and it is “great to have a supportive ... development” in the equivalent 2016 Regulations (Regulation 19) was unhelpful.","EU","2018-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [3282,"Five Misconceptions About School Shootings","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED595725.pdf","Sep 5, 2018 ... a lot of misinformation about the ... If mental illness means being psychotic or insane (the latter is a legal term, not a psycholog-.","US","2018-09-05T00:00:00"],
    [3283,"Why do people believe in fake news over the Internet? An ...","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050918313851/pdf?md5=f95cf48c62289e6b01a1d5c3ed7d8c38&pid=1-s2.0-S1877050918313851-main.pdf","Sep 3, 2018 ... During the period of the national election in the UK about the country's withdrawal of EU and also the president election in the US, critics pointed out the ...","EU","2018-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [3284,"Incident Communications Plan","https://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/downloads/6_-_Incident_Communications_Plan_-_Annex_B.pdf","Aug 29, 2018 ... The team will also be responsible for social media and media monitoring, including development and agreement of keywords with the OIT Communications Manager.","EU","2018-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [3285,"1023 - Notification of incorrect answer(s)","https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/form-listing/forms/1023.pdf","Aug 29, 2018 ... immigration clearance and will be removed from Australia. ... Your personal information is protected by law, including the ... If you are outside Australia, please ...","Australia","2018-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [3286,"Cross-Lingual Cross-Platform Rumor Verification Pivoting on ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.04911","Aug 28, 2018 ... the context of the fake news. We thus propose to leverage the multimedia information by finding the agreement and disagreement among posts that are from ...","China","2018-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [3287,"The Impact of Mass Media-Delivered Family Planning Campaigns in ...","https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8220&context=dissertations","Aug 24, 2018 ... Misperceptions, misinformation and myths about modern contraceptive use in Ghana. ... Papa, M. J., Singhal, A., Law, S., Pant, S., Sood ... Australia. Hong Kong ...","Australia","2018-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [3288,"How We Remember Conversation: Implications in Legal Settings","http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~asbenjam/pubs/Brown-Schmidt%20%26%20Benjamin,%202018.pdf","Aug 21, 2018 ... Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572. Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A. 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory.","US","2018-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [3289,"Governing Cyberspace: Behavior, Power, and Diplomacy, edited by ...","https://rowman.com/WebDocs/Open_Access_Governing_Cyberspace_Broeders_and_van_den_Berg.pdf","Aug 20, 2018 ... in the area of 5G, which lies at the heart of tensions between China and its ... “Progress, Pauses, and Power Shifts in China's Cybersecurity Law Regime.","China","2018-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [3290,"\"Virtual\" Disenfranchisement: Cyber Election Meddling in the Grey ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1736&context=cjil","Aug 16, 2018 ... Between these extremes lies a great deal of uncertainty. ... of China, Kaz., Kyrg., Russ., Taj., and Uzb. to ... committed to international law by either treaty or ...","China","2018-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [3291,"A Failure to Regulate? The Demands and Dilemmas of Tackling ...","https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=ijcic","Aug 16, 2018 ... London: EU Kids Online. Network. Macewan, N. F. (2008). The Computer Misuse Act 1990: lessons from its past and predictions for its future. Criminal Law Review ...","EU","2018-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [3292,"Disseminating information or advocating peace? Journalists' role ...","https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/62286352/1464884918791788.pdf","Aug 16, 2018 ... This was especially highlighted with regards to the high share of misinformation and the biased media environment: 'The protagonists are the stakeholders of the ...","Australia","2018-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [3293,"Digital Journalism Risk Communication Practice for Public Health ...","https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/digital-journalism-and-risk-communication-practice-for-public-health-humanitarian-emergencies-response-in-africa-2165-7912-1000383.pdf","Aug 16, 2018 ... Managing misinformation during health crises is an important role that health agencies and other organizations have been forced to take on during events such as ...","US","2018-08-16T00:00:00"],
    [3294,"Fake News: Evidence from Financial Markets","https://marriott.byu.edu/upload/event/event_566/_doc/KoganMoskowitzNiessner_2018.pdf","Aug 15, 2018 ... If fake news can impact U.S. equity markets, where there is competition for information and arbitrage activity exists, then it may have even greater in ...","US","2018-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3295,"From Google Searches to Russian Disinformation: Adolescent ...","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1299564.pdf","Aug 15, 2018 ... Central to CRDL is the fact that racism is endemic in American culture and history, rather than solely a feature of exceptionally bad individuals or groups. ( ...","US","2018-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3296,"Fake News and News Anxiety in Early Modern England","https://ecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3972&context=luc_diss","Aug 15, 2018 ... Rumor, misinformation ... Autolycus delivers legal points, legal documents, and news bolstered with the ... Shakespeare spares us, leaving us ready to weep and ...","US","2018-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3297,"Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/SSQ/documents/Volume-12_Issue-3/Ajir.pdf","Aug 14, 2018 ... far-right nationalist, anti-EU ... their requisite legal foundations, limiting access to disinformation will ... West, NATO, and the EU, using a variety of ...","EU","2018-08-14T00:00:00"],
    [3298,"Straw Man of Legal Positivism","https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3378&context=ndlr","Aug 10, 2018 ... Wu, a law professor from China who became a ... \"Behind the logical form [of a judicial decision] lies a judgment as to ... Positive law contrary to natural law is ...","China","2018-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [3299,"Disseminating information or advocating peace? Journalists' role ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1464884918791788","Aug 7, 2018 ... Regarding RQ2, this was seen as very problematic in the light of the high amount of misinformation in the Colombian discourse, as it is hard for jour- nalists ...","Australia","2018-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [3300,"Report on Alerting Tactics, Aug. 2018","https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/1051_IAS_Report-on-Alerting-Tactics_180807-508.pdf","Aug 7, 2018 ... also draws on multiple data sources including academic papers, federal reports and proceedings, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) filings, legislation, ...","US","2018-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [3301,"EU Blasts Israeli Minister: You Feed Disinformation and Mix BDS ...","https://pchrgaza.org/ar/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/EU-Blasts-Israeli-Minister-You-Feed-Disinformation-and-Mix-BDS-Terror.pdf","Aug 1, 2018 ... “On these issues, too, the EU has chosen to act like an ostrich and behave as if it were blind to the hatred, incitement and boycotts.” The EU commented for ...","EU","2018-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [3302,"Misperceptions about immigration and support for redistribution ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/stantcheva/files/misperceptions_about_immigration_and_support_for_redistribution_vox_cepr_policy_portal.pdf","Jul 31, 2018 ... For instance, in the US legal immigrants are about 10% of the population, but US respondents thought the figure was 30%. ... world of misinformation. The problem ...","US","2018-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [3303,"The “Echo Chamber” Distraction: Disinformation Campaigns are the ...","https://rkellygarrett.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Garrett-Echo-chamber-distraction.pdf","Jul 31, 2018 ... First, a three- month study of 50,000 online news users in the U.S. found that news audience fragmentation was quite low. Specifically, the authors found that, ...","US","2018-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [3304,"Disinformation and 'fake news': Interim Report","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/363/363.pdf","Jul 29, 2018 ... Definition of fake news, and how to spot it;. • Definition, role and legal liabilities of social media platforms;. • Data misuse and targeting, focussing on the ...","China","2018-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [3305,"DISINFORMATION AND ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS","https://rm.coe.int/disinformation-and-electoral-campaigns/16809fa91f","Jul 29, 2018 ... 77 These rules are similar to EU standards. 66. Fake news is already regulated by an article of the Act of 29 July 1881 which originally applied to the press.","EU","2018-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [3306,"Defending Politically Vulnerable Organizations Online","https://cltc.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/CLTC_Defending_Politically_Vulnerable_Organizations_Online.pdf","Jul 25, 2018 ... 1 (December 10, 2015), http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylpr/vol30/iss1/7; Fahmida Y. Rashid, “FBI to Investigate China-Based DDoS Attacks Against Change.org, ...","China","2018-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [3307,"REGULATION","https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/The_NCSBN_National_Nursing_Guidelines_for_Medical_Marijuana_JNR_July_2018.pdf","Jul 24, 2018 ... information and misinformation (de Graaf, 2017 ... eral law and regulations, at present there is no controlling case law ... * In Australia, cannabis for medical ...","Australia","2018-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [3308,"Duty Negligence and Causation","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7920&context=penn_law_review","Jul 24, 2018 ... Commonly believed misinformation is sometimes ... Prompted by his respect for legislative judgment to re-.","US","2018-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [3309,"Potential Policy Proposals for Regulation of Social Media and ...","https://www.warner.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/d/3/d32c2f17-cc76-4e11-8aa9-897eb3c90d16/65A7C5D983F899DAAE5AA21F57BAD944.social-media-regulation-proposals.pdf","Jul 23, 2018 ... checking misinformation and disinformation targeted to specific users.3. But it's also important to recognize that manipulation and exploitation of the tools ...","EU","2018-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [3310,"AI Gone Rogue: Exterminating Deep Fakes Before They Cause ...","https://i.blackhat.com/eu-18/Thu-Dec-6/eu-18-Thaware-Agnihotri-AI-Gone-Rogue-Exterminating-Deep-Fakes-Before-They-Cause-Menace-wp.pdf","Jul 22, 2018 ... As such, there must be laws and/or legal protections introduced for individuals who have been ... fake-disinformation-steroids?utm_medium=social_earned&utm_ term= ...","EU","2018-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [3311,"WHY DO PEOPLE SHARE FAKE NEWS? A SOCIOTECHNICAL ...","https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/2.2-Marwick-pp-474-512.pdf","Jul 21, 2018 ... GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW. 477 reinforce ... partisan news coverage, misinformation, and disinformation ... DISINFORMATION: ONLINE MEDIA AND THE 2016 U.S. ...","US","2018-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [3312,"The Marketplace of Fake News","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/210555896.pdf","Jul 19, 2018 ... 250 U.S. 616, 630 (1919) (Holmes, J., dissenting). Page 4. 848. JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. [Vol. 20 ...","US","2018-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [3313,"An empirically supported taxonomy of misinformation","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7543&context=lkcsb_research","Jul 19, 2018 ... define a category of “fake news” and provides us with a reference framework. ... and that is often “fake news.” Legislation can also be implemented by legally ...","US","2018-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [3314,"Documenting The Now White Paper Ethical Considerations for ...","https://www.docnow.io/docs/docnow-whitepaper-2018.pdf","Jul 19, 2018 ... misinformation can play out on social media. The ... ephemerality drive our thinking and cause us ... Twitter's Terms of Service, like all terms of service, serve a ...","US","2018-07-19T00:00:00"],
    [3315,"INFORMATION","https://www.carter-ruck.com/images/uploads/documents/CR_FakeNews_AuthenticViews.pdf","Jul 17, 2018 ... As yet, international law provides very limited assistance in combatting the scourge of Fake News and disinformation warfare. No binding treaties or ...","China","2018-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [3316,"A short guide to the history of 'fake news' and disinformation","https://www.icfj.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/A%20Short%20Guide%20to%20History%20of%20Fake%20News%20and%20Disinformation_ICFJ%20Final.pdf","Jul 16, 2018 ... multiplied the risks of misinformation, disinformation ... The. Chinese Communist Party's People's Daily fell ... Malaysia will abolish anti-fake news law, says new ...","China","2018-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [3317,"The spread of Misinformation on social media: An insightful ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/sg6lppg7vjb5xaupmgquoo4g3q/access/wayback/https://www.sabapub.com/index.php/sebr/article/download/401/235","Jul 15, 2018 ... Although, despite strick regulation on the Internet in China, 6.7 million illegal and false information were allegedly disseminated in a single month of ...","China","2018-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3318,"The Truth is Out There: The Use of Conspiracy Theories by Radical ...","https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1871&context=etd","Jul 15, 2018 ... The Sykes-Picot agreement was a treaty made in ... Media manipulation and disinformation online. ... Europe would have been won by white nationalists, and the ...","EU","2018-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3319,"Evidence-Based Policy- Making: From Data To Decision-Making","https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/57324/PB_2018_15.pdf?sequence=4","Jul 15, 2018 ... disinformation and fake news. The ... As no natural law exits on how policies can best embrace evidence and ... Taking the European Union (EU) as a reference point.","EU","2018-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3320,"Anticipating and Addressing the Ethical Implications of Deepfakes in ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3583061_code3783379.pdf?abstractid=3474183&mirid=1","Jul 15, 2018 ... ... misinformation or disinformation ... perpetrators outside the jurisdiction of U.S. legal processes is challenging (Chesney and Citron,. 2019). ... Regulation in the ...","US","2018-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3321,"Data Science as Political Action","https://law.shu.edu/documents/green-ben-datascience.pdf","Jul 15, 2018 ... ... misinformation (Vosoughi, Roy, and Aral 2018) ... 2017), U.S. senators (Harris and ... Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and American. Law: Cornell ...","US","2018-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3322,"Kremlin disinformation campaigns:","https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/2018/Recomendations-to-counter-Russia-computational-propaganda-in-the-UK.pdf","Jul 14, 2018 ... There is a lack of agreement over commonly used terms such as 'troll', 'bot' or 'fake news', and little public understanding of dezinformatsiya or the other.","EU","2018-07-14T00:00:00"],
    [3323,"Authoritative content to build trust in an age of information overload ...","https://library.ifla.org/2199/1/206-tang-en.pdf","Jul 13, 2018 ... With the rise of misinformation and disinformation, the team of NLB librarians responsible for. KOS exercises due diligence and vigilance when creating local ...","Australia","2018-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [3324,"COGNITIVE BIASES THAT LEAD TO WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1647&context=cwlr","Jul 10, 2018 ... Chinese legal scholars' research on wrongful convictions focuses on direct and external causes. Psychological causes are seldom mentioned and rarely explored in ...","China","2018-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [3325,"The Trump Administration and Administrative Law","https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3940&context=faculty_scholarship","Jul 10, 2018 ... Renee Landers, drawing on her direct experience with health law, stresses the distinction important to draw between misinformation, and disinformation-not error ...","EU","2018-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [3326,"Promises and Environmental Risks of Digital Advertising","https://oekologisches-wirtschaften.de/index.php/oew/article/download/1787/1733","Jul 10, 2018 ... This paper calls for policy interventions which centre mis- and disinformation and learn from offline Planning and Environ- ment laws. In all cases, ...","EU","2018-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [3327,"un-making a murderer: new media's impact on (potential) wrongful ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1648&context=cwlr","Jul 10, 2018 ... the United States pardon someone who committed a state crime). The spread of misinformation about the legal system may be one complication of new media, but ...","US","2018-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [3328,"Checking PolitiFact's Fact-Checks","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1873818","Jul 9, 2018 ... PolitiFact has also served as a model for many later fact-checking outlets and it has directly advised organizations in Africa, Australia ... ute judgment of a ...","Australia","2018-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [3329,"Discovering fake news embedded in the opposing hashtag activism ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2019-0010/pdf","Jul 8, 2018 ... Accordingly, the. National Rifle Association immediately filed a federal lawsuit against Florida, claiming the age-minimum section of the law violates the ...","US","2018-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [3330,"Reviewing Privacy In an Information Society","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3952&context=penn_law_review","Jul 7, 2018 ... ... China at the age of the \"hundred philos- ophers ... 28-30, 1984) (favoring a data protection policy based not only on statutory regulation but also on private ...","China","2018-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [3331,"Explaining Credibility in News Articles using Cross-Referencing","https://chauff.github.io/documents/publications/EARS2018-Bountouridis.pdf","Jul 7, 2018 ... much information is potentially withheld from us, the readers. ... the readers' credibility judgment. An initial ... In Proceed- ings of the Web Conference 2018- ...","US","2018-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [3332,"Fake News and Advertising on Social Media: A Study of the Anti ...","https://www.oxy.edu/sites/default/files/assets/Economics/Chiou/chiou_and_tucker_fake_news.pdf","Jul 6, 2018 ... online misinformation may have played in the outcome of the 2016 US presidential election. ... legislation that outlaws fake news: anyone who ... fake news on the ...","US","2018-07-06T00:00:00"],
    [3333,"On-line abuse and trolling by pro-tobacco and vaping activists","https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/18483/ECigTrollingFinal2.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y","Jul 3, 2018 ... Australia and the USA. Here is a list of agencies and companies in Australia which support strong or weak approaches to e-cigarette regulation. I'm a ...","Australia","2018-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [3334,"fake news detection","https://sist.sathyabama.ac.in/sist_naac/documents/1.3.4/b.e-cse-batchno-144.pdf","Jul 2, 2018 ... Later, it is needed to look into how the techniques in the fields of machine learning, natural language processing help us to detect fake news. Page 10 ...","US","2018-07-02T00:00:00"],
    [3335,"Countering Information Influence Activities","https://rib.msb.se/filer/pdf/28697.pdf","Jul 1, 2018 ... Feedback'), pro-Kremlin propaganda ('EU vs Disinformation'), or ... Fake News”; “How to Fight Fake News and. Misinformation? ... with a View to Counteracting ...","EU","2018-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [3336,"Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news","https://mitsloan.mit.edu/shared/ods/documents?DocumentID=4618","Jul 1, 2018 ... Thus, it is possible that seeing the news headlines in the accuracy judgment phase would increase perceived familiarity. There was no evidence for this, however ...","Australia","2018-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [3337,"Le fake news sui social network: un'analisi economica","https://www.medialaws.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Visco-Comandini.pdf","Jun 30, 2018 ... Vicini, Misinformation. Guida alla società dell ... Sunstein, Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation ... Nell'agosto 2017 il Parlamento eu- ropeo ha ...","EU","2018-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [3338,"The Legal Framework to Address 'Fake News': Possible Policy ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2018/619013/IPOL_IDA(2018)619013_EN.pdf","Jun 28, 2018 ... At the. EU level, AI as recently the subject of a series of initiatives, which include the adoption of a Resolution by the European Parliament in 2016 (on civil ...","EU","2018-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [3339,"Fake news on the Internet: the strategy to battle misinformation","https://www.palermo.edu/Archivos_content/2019/cele/Mayo/Fake-news-strategy-to-battle-misinformation.pdf","Jun 28, 2018 ... On December 4, 2016, a month after the US presidential election, Edgar Maddison Welch, a 28-year-old man from. North Carolina, fired three shots at the ...","US","2018-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [3340,"Technology as Enabler of Fake News and a Potential Tool to Combat It","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2018/619008/IPOL_IDA(2018)619008_EN.pdf","Jun 27, 2018 ... Not according to law, but according to private. “community standards”. Countries like China25 or Iran26 are denying internet connectivity to a number of servers ...","China","2018-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [3341,"The ASD Policy Blueprint for Countering Authoritarian Interference ...","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/Policy-Blueprint-Executive-Summary.pdf","Jun 26, 2018 ... A highly polarized media environment which amplified Russian disinformation without regard for the credibility of the information they reported or the ethics of ...","EU","2018-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [3342,"Digital campaigning improving transparency for voters.pdf","https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdf_file/Digital-campaigning-improving-transparency-for-voters.pdf","Jun 25, 2018 ... ... misinformation, misuse of personal data ... fake accounts to amplify campaign messages on Twitter during the EU ... legal frameworks, such as data protection law.","EU","2018-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [3343,"'Fake news' and online disinformation Case study – Belgium | IVIR","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Case-study-Fake-News-Belgium.pdf","Jun 24, 2018 ... 4.1 The EU's responses to 'fake news ... misinformation campaigns bring me to dot the i's. I've ... 159 See : Reuters, 'Macron plans law to fight 'fake news ...","EU","2018-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [3344,"TELECOMMUNICATION FRAUD PREVENTION POLICIES AND ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1222014/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Jun 23, 2018 ... By working with private industry, INTERPOL is able to provide local law enforcement with focused cyber intelligence, derived from combining inputs on a global.","China","2018-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [3345,"Understanding: How to Resolve Ambiguity","https://inria.hal.science/hal-01820933/document","Jun 22, 2018 ... 1 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) 29 Xueyuan Road, 100083, China ... Its roots lies in characters, not ... Therefore, the categories of thing, mind, word ...","China","2018-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3346,"A Structure to Counter Fake News | Stanford PACS","https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Travis-Trammell-A-Structure-to-Combat-Fake-News-Practicum-Paper-.pdf","Jun 22, 2018 ... While a marked escalation in the fight against misinformation, in a similar approach to the declaration of martial law during a national emergency, the U.S. ...","US","2018-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3347,"Side-stepping rights: Regulating speech by contract | Article 19","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Regulating-speech-by-contract-WEB-v2.pdf","Jun 19, 2018 ... ... misinformation.166. By contrast, initiatives such ... Co-regulation – a regulatory regime involving private regulation that is actively ... tion Number, China ...","China","2018-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3348,"Controlling the Conversation: The Ethics of Social Platforms and ...","https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D80P2GGR/download","Jun 19, 2018 ... living thousands of miles away from the United States are expected to figure out the nuances of the American political system, and deal with the misinformation ...","US","2018-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3349,"THE ANALYSIS OF HOAX SPREAD IN SOCIAL MEDIA","https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol.%2023%20Issue6/Version-6/G2306065063.pdf","Jun 17, 2018 ... Rubin & Conroy (2015) mentioned fake news as deceptive news, including fake news, counterfeit press releases and hoaxes. They cited Pew Internet Research's ...","US","2018-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [3350,"the strategy and tactics of the pro-kremlin disinformation campaign","https://euvsdisinfo.eu/uploads/2018/06/EUVSDISINFO-COMMENTARY-PDF-EN_Web-1.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... The disinformation message that the EU turns people into homosex- uals or paedophiles would be considered ridiculous in Western. Europe, but can persuade ...","EU","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3351,"Disinformation, election interference and hybrid threats","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/188547/Daniel%20MILO%20-%20Globsec%20Policy%20institute-original.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... Make protection of EU online space integrity a political priority. 2. Close gaps in election campaign finance legislation. 3. Ensure access to S.M. platforms ...","EU","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3352,"Machine Learning for Detection of Fake News","https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/119727/1078649610-MIT.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... forthcoming, foul, grateful, late, law- lessness, little, local, low, metropoli- tan, modern, musical, open, original, poor, professional, quick, racial, re ...","Australia","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3353,"The importance of evidence based public policy","https://www.croplife.org.au/files/newsinfo/croplinks/894440_CROLIF.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... If policy matches rhetoric, and regulation starts to reflect a holistic vision for our future, Australian agriculture will not only be playing the game, we'll ...","Australia","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3354,"The State of Fact-Checking in Science Journalism","https://www.moore.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/fact-checking-in-science-journalism_mit-ksj.pdf?sfvrsn=a6346e0c_2","Jun 15, 2018 ... artificial intelligence fact-checking tools may help curb digital misinformation, the tech isn't yet ... guidelines for legal reasons. One editor, who ...","Australia","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3355,"The Sources of Russian Information Warfare","https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD1098323.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... America, South America, Britain, Japan, Malaya, and Australia. ... misinformation or disinformation, based on vranyo, while shrouding ... of law. Russian ...","Australia","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3356,"Disinformation Toolkit | InterAction","https://www.interaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/InterAction_DisinformationToolkit.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... From Muslim-based foundations in the U.S. to humanitarian assistance organizations assisting refugees in Europe, disinformation campaigns have visibly burdened ...","US","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3357,"Reactive Public Relations Strategies for Managing Fake News in the ...","https://philpapers.org/archive/FARRPR.pdf","Jun 15, 2018 ... legal, technological, or moral devices. As a ... In this article, it seemed convenient for us to discuss such PR (or ... London: Taylor & Francis e-. Library. Søe, ...","US","2018-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3358,"Policy Brief 18-13: China's Forced Technology Transfer Problem ...","https://www.piie.com/sites/default/files/documents/pb18-13.pdf","Jun 13, 2018 ... Agreement, China committed to protecting ... sure China to substantially upgrade its flawed legal regime ... China lies a real problem—China's persistent misappro-.","China","2018-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [3359,"SAY THIS, NOT THAT: GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND ...","https://lawreview.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/I-Brown-and-Peters-FINAL-v3.pdf","Jun 12, 2018 ... Fake News Legislation in the United States ... TIMES (July 5, 2016), https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/world/asia/ china-internet-social-media. ... criminal law, ...","China","2018-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [3360,"FAKE NEWS AND THE SYSTEMIC LIE IN THE MARKETPLACE OF ...","https://derecho.uprrp.edu/revistajuridica/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2018/06/11-Fake-news-1.pdf","Jun 11, 2018 ... the ageless debate regarding the political and social value of truth. *. Third year student at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law and writer for the ...","China","2018-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3361,"Americans and the News Media: What they do — and don't ...","https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Americans-and-the-News-Media-2018.pdf","Jun 11, 2018 ... essential in addressing fake news and misinformation, which both the public and journalists consider ... What people think drives news judgment ... Sample Frame and ...","US","2018-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3362,"Fake News or Disinformation 2.0? Some Insights into Romanians ...","http://rjea.ier.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/articole/RJEA_vol.18_no.1_June2018_art.2.pdf","Jun 10, 2018 ... As similar research reveals, digital disinformation affects resilience of citizens in Member States and in the European Union overall, it “threatens the ...","EU","2018-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [3363,"Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness ...","https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=jj_etds","Jun 10, 2018 ... Let us know! More information about this work at ... which misinformation was supplied > repeated misinformation > false new descriptions). ... Psychology, Public ...","US","2018-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [3364,"High-Frequency Trading: Deception and Consequences","https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/5b1a2dbbe1a79.pdf","Jun 8, 2018 ... regulatory development in the US and European Union (EU) in Section 5. ... misinformation. Thus, they have the potential of reducing the necessity of legal ...","EU","2018-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [3365,"WHISTLE-BLOWER POLICY","https://www.forfarmersgroup.eu/en/bestanden/ForFarmers_Group/PDF/Overig/15227-5/Whistle-blower_policy.pdf","Jun 7, 2018 ... b) (the threat of) a violation of regulations and legislation; c) a risk to ... misinformation to public bodies; e) a violation of the codes of conduct ...","EU","2018-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [3366,"Opinion of the Data Ethics Commission","https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/EN/themen/it-digital-policy/datenethikkommission-abschlussgutachten-lang.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5","Jun 5, 2018 ... law, fair trading law or anti-discrimination law, without ... hail from the USA (and increasingly from China). ... danger of misinformation, questionable steering ...","China","2018-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [3367,"Insurance fraud - A Crime","https://www.ldi.la.gov/docs/default-source/documents/publicaffairs/consumerpublications/insurance-fraud-a-crime-that-affects-everyone.pdf?sfvrsn=fe8f7c52_33","Jun 2, 2018 ... I hope you find this publication informative, and I encourage you to contact us ... any misinformation. If you have been a past ... to the fullest extent of the law ...","US","2018-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [3368,"Klass-The-Law-of-Deception-A-Research-Agenda.pdf","https://lawreview.colorado.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Klass-The-Law-of-Deception-A-Research-Agenda.pdf","May 31, 2018 ... misinformation was provided by someone attempting ... Or to turn it around, what does the interpretive approach of any given law of deception tell us about that ...","US","2018-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [3369,"building artificial intelligence we can trust","http://tankona.free.fr/marcus2019.pdf","May 28, 2018 ... U.S. government stats tell us that nowadays only 41 ... the immortal words of Law 31 of Akin's Laws of Spacecraft Design, ... lies, and misinformation.” The Verge ...","US","2018-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [3370,"INFORMATION","https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sites/default/files/kapitel-pdf/ni_1_2018_oppenhet.pdf","May 25, 2018 ... understanding of how misinformation is pur- posefully ... in the United States, Europe, and Australia, both ... the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act, the first ...","Australia","2018-05-25T00:00:00"],
    [3371,"RUSSIAN ELECTION INTERFERENCE: EUROPE'S COUNTER TO ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP_333_Brattberg_Maurer_Russia_Elections_Interference_Brief_FINAL.pdf","May 24, 2018 ... The Carnegie Endowment for International. Peace is a unique global network of policy research centers in Russia, China, Europe, ... disinformation campaigns and ...","China","2018-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [3372,"Drug information, misinformation, and disinformation on social ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/48724839","May 24, 2018 ... The first and second bilingual authors (KAA, AKA) carried out the coding, message classification, and drug-related judgment (Table 1). ... eu- rofen has been ...","EU","2018-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [3373,"Protecting the Debate: Intimidation, Influence and Information","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b5b3725e5274a3fcb8ecca1/CSPL.pdf","May 24, 2018 ... response, despite existing law ... In the U.S. the Federal Electoral Commission (FEC) is the independent regulatory agency ... intimidation and misinformation and ...","US","2018-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [3374,"Freedom of the Press in Post-Truthism America","https://dc.law.utah.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1209&context=scholarship","May 23, 2018 ... 11 See, e.g., Ari Ezra Waldman, The Marketplace of Fake News, 20 J. CONSTL. LAW 845,. 848 (noting that some scholars have argued that “the inability of ...","EU","2018-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [3375,"PROTECTING ELECTIONS: A STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/nato_report_-_protecting_elections_1.pdf","May 23, 2018 ... Disinformation, released in September 2018 and signed by a number of social media platforms and Internet giants,13 and an EU action plan against disinformation.","EU","2018-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [3376,"Jak czytać w erze fake news","https://www.press.pl/zalaczniki_WWW/facebook_full.pdf","May 24, 2018 ... x81066. 7) K. Niklewicz, „Weeding Out Fake News. An Approach to. Social Media Regulation”, Martens Centre 2017, https:// www.martenscentre.eu/sites/default/ ...","EU","2018-05-23T00:00:00"],
    [3377,"Students' evaluation of the trustworthiness of historical sources ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.jssr.2022.05.003","May 22, 2018 ... (2018). Council recommendation of 22 May 2018 on key competences for lifelong learning. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal ...","EU","2018-05-22T00:00:00"],
    [3378,"FAKE NEWS - A CHALLENGE FOR OSINT","https://www.afahc.ro/ro/rcic/2018/rcic'18/volum_2018/391-396%20Olaru%20Stefan.pdf","May 19, 2018 ... Practically, there are the same types of sources, which, traditionally, were associated with misinformation and persuasion. ... election law and administration.","EU","2018-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [3379,"Social Media's Influence on Political Communication: A Content ...","https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1257&context=etd","May 15, 2018 ... did not bother even to cite this (the) statute.\" A disgraceful decision! 136. Feb 10, 2017 08:35:50 AM The failing @nytimes does major FAKE NEWS China story.","China","2018-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3380,"Media Regulatory Authorities and Hate Speech","https://rm.coe.int/media-regulatory-authorities-and-hate-speech/16807338f5","May 15, 2018 ... authorities in this respect, including their legal and regulatory mandates. ... China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel ... arena, underneath it all lies, ...","China","2018-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3381,"Discussion Paper – Regulation of Online Political Advertising in ...","https://merrionstreet.ie/merrionstreet/en/news-room/releases/discussion_paper_%E2%80%93_regulation_of_online_political_advertising_in_ireland.pdf","May 15, 2018 ... the Commission is proposing to take to address the subject of disinformation at an. EU level. See Section 3.1 for measures focused on transparency. • Which ...","EU","2018-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3382,"Tomi Pesonen - The effects of fake news on consumer trust in social ...","https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/10024/150173/1/Pesonen_Tomi.pdf","May 15, 2018 ... It is thus different from simple misinformation ... At a mean value of 2.3/4 agreement the survey statement “the fake news phenomenon ... https://eavi.eu/beyond- ...","EU","2018-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3383,"AttriButiOn in CyBErSpACE: BEyOnd thE “whOdunnit”","https://www.globsec.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/GLOBSEC-cyber-attribution.pdf","May 15, 2018 ... The significance lies in the fact, however, that ... the-us-china-cybersecurity-agreement-part-1-the ... countries, as a review of Chinese-based cyber espionage ...","China","2018-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [3384,"Finding Truth in the Age of Misinformation: Information Literacy in ...","https://archive.nyu.edu/bitstream/2451/42169/2/FINAL-Finding-Truth-in-the-Age-of-Misinformation_-Information-Literacy-in-Islam.pdf","May 14, 2018 ... Australia Library, 1998), 17. Page 7. 7 | Finding Truth in the Age of Misinformation: Information Literacy in Islam. Some Muslims even leave Islam because of ...","Australia","2018-05-14T00:00:00"],
    [3385,"WHAT'S NEW ABOUT 'FAKE NEWS'? CRITICAL DIGITAL ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7995774/mod_resource/content/1/What%E2%80%99s%20new%20about%20%E2%80%98fake%20news%E2%80%99%20Critical%20digital%20literacies%20in%20an%20era%20of%20fake%20news%2C%20post-truth%20and%20clickbait.pdf","May 13, 2018 ... Keywords: critical digital literacies; fake news; digital platforms; social media. Resumen: El escándalo de noticias falsas de Facebook de 2016 puso de relieve ...","Australia","2018-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [3386,"Bait questions as source of misinformation in police interviews: does ...","https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1064&context=jj_etds","May 13, 2018 ... The Reid Technique. (Inbau, Reid, Buckley, & Jayne, 2001) is widely used by law enforcement across the United. States (Kassin et al., 2010). The approach, ...","US","2018-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [3387,"“FAKE NEWS” AND THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION: THEORY ...","https://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=loexconf2018","May 13, 2018 ... Among the proposed solutions, we've seen an increase in calls for media and civic literacy, including state proposed legislation to mandate literacy programs in ...","US","2018-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [3388,"The Tactics & Tropes of the Internet Research Agency","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=senatedocs","May 12, 2018 ... coordinated disinformation tactics aimed directly at US citizens, designed to exert political influence and exacerbate social divisions in US culture. This ...","US","2018-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [3389,"False Statements and Perjury: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/98-808.pdf","May 11, 2018 ... § 158 (China Trade Act corporate personnel); 15 ... 2004) (emphasis in the original) (“The clear, indisputable holding of Lowe is that a misrepresentation made to ...","China","2018-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [3390,"POLICY BRIEFS","https://lki.lk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Is-Sri-Lanka-Sitting-on-the-Bench-of-Asia%E2%80%99s-Booming-Digital-Economy-1.pdf","May 10, 2018 ... ... EU's General Data Protection Regulation, are more beneficial30 to the ... How to Combat Fake News and Disinformation. Brookings Institution. Available at: https ...","EU","2018-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [3391,"“Fake News” and the Sociological Imagination: Theory Informs ...","https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/143532/LOEX2018_MooneyFakeNewsSocImagination_vFinalDeepBlue.pdf?sequence=1","May 10, 2018 ... ... legislation to mandate literacy programs in ... • A type of information: disinformation, misinformation, satire ... us/alarmed-by-fake-news-states- push-media ...","US","2018-05-10T00:00:00"],
    [3392,"information based regulation - gov.uk","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b0d8812ed915d70c48aaf26/information-based-regulation.pdf","May 9, 2018 ... 2012), China (Shen, Price, & Lu, 2012), and ... based regulation is to set the regulatory framework. Regulators ... disinformation (e.g. Esty,. 2004; Marchi ...","China","2018-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [3393,"Fake news, disinformation, manipulation and online tactics to ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23738871.2018.1462395","May 9, 2018 ... Several governments have announced enquiries, are establishing units to debunk fake news and are proposing legislation and regulation. Egypt and the Gambia ...","EU","2018-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [3394,"CLIMATE CHANGE DISINFORMATION, CITIZEN COMPETENCE ...","https://lawreview.colorado.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Weinstein-Climate-Change-Disinformation-Citizen-Competence-and-the-First-Amendment.pdf","May 9, 2018 ... have filed a federal class action lawsuit alleging securities law violations based in part on the alleged disinformation campaign;8 and the Attorneys ...","US","2018-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [3395,"Protecting Does and Outing Mobsters: Recalibrating Anonymity ...","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1326&context=djglp","May 8, 2018 ... Nonconsensual porn, popularly known as revenge porn1, is becoming an epidemic without an effective and coherent legal remedy. As its name suggests, it is the ...","Australia","2018-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [3396,"communication strategy 2017-2020","https://mod.gov.ge/uploads/2018/2018/PDF/strategia_eng_2018.pdf","May 7, 2018 ... By cooperating with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Legal Entity of Public Law Information Centres on NATO and EU, the MOD can provide additional ...","EU","2018-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [3397,"RESPONDING TO “FAKE NEWS”: IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE TO ...","https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2018-05/417%20Goldberg.pdf","May 5, 2018 ... and-fake-news-how-misinformation ... the law/regulation route) to the phenomenon of fake news? ... Naja Bentzen, At a Glance: “Fake News” and the EU's Response, ...","EU","2018-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [3398,"Defending free speech | Government.se","https://www.government.se/contentassets/bd181f7b0f4640e7920807d110b3c001/action-plan-defending-free-speech.pdf","May 4, 2018 ... e.g. the EU, the Council of Europe, UNESCO and ... reporting from false news and disinformation ... uniformity and legal security in law enforcement and to ensure ...","EU","2018-05-04T00:00:00"],
    [3399,"CONFRONTING THE WICKED PROBLEM OF FAKE NEWS: A ROLE ...","https://www.cicerofoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Donald_Barclay_Confronting_Fake_News.pdf","May 3, 2018 ... ... EU think tank, founded in Maastricht in. 1992. www.cicerofoundation.org. The views expressed in Cicero Foundation Great Debate Papers do not necessarily ...","EU","2018-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [3400,"Sufficient Efficiency: Fraud on the Market in the Initial Public Offering ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4732&context=uclrev","May 3, 2018 ... 107 Basic, 485 US at 248. 1991]. 1415. Page 24. The University of Chicago Law Review.","US","2018-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [3401,"Media Perspectives on fake news in Ghana","https://penplusbytes.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/FAKE-NEWS-STUDY.pdf","May 2, 2018 ... law or regulation (European Union, 2018). It is important to note that ideas about pro- mulgating those laws are not being received with open arms since ...","EU","2018-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [3402,"Tips for Writing Policy Papers","https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/White-Papers-Guidelines.pdf","Apr 30, 2018 ... happen if China and the U.S. do act on the recommendations. ... • Stanford Law and Policy Lab Deliverables, https://law ... o Example White Paper / Policy Report, ...","China","2018-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [3403,"Misinformation Effects in Recall: Creating False Memories through ...","http://psychnet.wustl.edu/memory/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Roediger-et-al-1996_JML.pdf","Apr 30, 2018 ... ments, we found a large misinformation effect mony in legal settings. on the delayed test in the condition in which subjects had produced information from ...","US","2018-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [3404,"RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN PUBLIC INTEREST JOURNALISM ...","https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/3790240/Ananian-Welsh-Kendall-and-Murray-443-Advance.pdf","Apr 29, 2018 ... Tis two-pronged analysis reveals that the espionage laws introduced in 2018 pose a significant risk of criminalising legitimate journalism and that this, in ...","China","2018-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [3405,"Lying to Clients","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3797&context=penn_law_review","Apr 29, 2018 ... 9 (1974) (quoting. Webster). In 1844, George Sharswood, who is often credited with having started the field of legal ethics in the United States, wrote:.","US","2018-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [3406,"Epistemic Vices in Organizations: Knowledge, Truth, and Unethical ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45219497","Apr 30, 2018 ... public opinion that the U.S. invented HIV/AIDS. Even the ... deception and misinformation for sale. Oreskes ... US firms' responses to regulation: Stonewalling.","US","2018-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [3407,"Epistemic Vices in Organizations: Knowledge, Truth, and Unethical ...","https://pure.qub.ac.uk/files/498994619/s10551_018_3897_z.pdf","Apr 30, 2018 ... public opinion that the U.S. invented HIV/AIDS. ... deception and misinformation for sale. Oreskes ... US firms' responses to regulation: Stonewalling and ...","US","2018-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [3408,"Dealing with Fake News: Policy and Technical Measures","https://internetpolicy.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Fake-news-recommendations-Wajeeha-MITs-IPRI.pdf","Apr 25, 2018 ... 4 “​Regulation ... The Honest Ads Act introduced recently in the U.S. Senate contains several ... the last months of the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the top 20 ...","US","2018-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3409,"Klein « Fake News » et crédulité 24042018","https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/270012/3/KleinFakeNews24042018.pdf","Apr 24, 2018 ... and judgment even in the absence of distraction. Social cognition. 10 Johnson, H.M. & Seifert, C.M. (1998). Updating accounts following a correction of.","EU","2018-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [3410,"What If More Speech Is No Longer the Solution? First Amendment ...","http://www.fclj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/70.1-Napoli.pdf","Apr 23, 2018 ... (January 31, 2017), https://www.cjr.org/analysis/fake-news-facebook-audience-drudge-breitbart-study.php. Page 24. 78. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL. Vol.","China","2018-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [3411,"False Information on Web and Social Media: A Survey","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08559","Apr 23, 2018 ... False information can be classified based on the intent of the author, as misinformation and disinformation [25, 35]. ... law. Red dots are likely bots and blue ...","EU","2018-04-23T00:00:00"],
    [3412,"Is it worth trying to debunk myths and fake news?","https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Bob-Ward-Debunking-myths-EGU-April-2018.pdf","Apr 20, 2018 ... Broad arguments beyond narrow science or economics expertise. • Skillful communicators (backgrounds in media, law, politics). • Seductive narrative (climate ...","US","2018-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [3413,"Fake News: Agenda setting and Gatekeeping in the media","https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=undergrad-honors","Apr 19, 2018 ... awaiting legal approval. Some fear that this move ... Fake news and the spread of misinformation. ... federal/us/373/723/case.html. Rosenberg, E. (2018 ...","US","2018-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [3414,"DEEPFAKES: FALSE PORNOGRAPHY IS HERE AND THE LAW ...","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1333&context=dltr","Apr 19, 2018 ... In our present age of misinformation, society will soon ... federal law prohibiting deepfakes would be unconstitutional. ... 1841)). 73 Id. 74 Id. 75 Harper & Row, ...","US","2018-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [3415,"The politics of polling","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201719/ldselect/ldppdm/106/106.pdf","Apr 17, 2018 ... ... Fake news and Online. Disinformation', (12 March 2018): https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/final-report- · high-level-expert-group-fake-news ...","EU","2018-04-17T00:00:00"],
    [3416,"Misleading Consumers with Green Advertising? An Affect–Reason ...","https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/open/o:937151","Apr 16, 2018 ... Market- ers and advertisers should be bound by law to provide consumers with better information about a company's actual environmental performance by, for ...","EU","2018-04-16T00:00:00"],
    [3417,"INTERNET AND ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS","https://rm.coe.int/use-of-internet-in-electoral-campaigns-/16807c0e24","Apr 15, 2018 ... ... EU Referendum' which ... European Audiovisual Observatory: Media coverage of elections: the legal framework in Europe, pp. ... state, and also to prevent deliberate ...","EU","2018-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3418,"Fake News and Social Endorsement Cues: Do the Number of Likes ...","https://cogsci.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Thesis2018Ozdalga.pdf","Apr 15, 2018 ... A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 51, 629–636. Dewey, C. (2016) Facebook ...","US","2018-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3419,"Facebook, Fake News, and the First Amendment","https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=dlrforum","Apr 12, 2018 ... ... fake-news-law. 40. See id. 41. Farrah Mukaddam ... NEWS? While the EU works to combat the spread of fake news, the Ameri-.","EU","2018-04-12T00:00:00"],
    [3420,"Reflection on the equitable attribution of responsibility for artificial ...","https://mednexus.org/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.imed.2022.04.002?download=true","Apr 11, 2018 ... According to Chinese Economic Law, the imputation of the fault liability principle can increase consumer surplus and encourage producer innovation [16] ...","China","2018-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [3421,"Seeing Through Misinformation: A Framework for Identifying Fake ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03508","Apr 10, 2018 ... recalled seeing fake news about Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton during the US presidential election. 1 Director of Operations and Technology, SSON Analytics ...","US","2018-04-10T00:00:00"],
    [3422,"Government response to the Internet Safety Strategy Green Paper","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b007ed240f0b62e4d5f035b/Government_Response_to_the_Internet_Safety_Strategy_Green_Paper_-_Final.pdf","Apr 9, 2018 ... Ensure that the UK is prepared for the future after we have left the EU. On Royal Assent, the Bill will replace the Data Protection Act 1998 with a new law that.","EU","2018-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3423,"Selective Exposure to Misinformation - Evidence from the ...","https://www.american.edu/spa/ccps/politics-of-truth/upload/nyhan-american.pdf","Apr 7, 2018 ... Press Institute, and EU Horizon 2020. Page 2. Research questions. How prevalent was “fake news” during the 2016. U.S. presidential election? ▷ Who visited ...","EU","2018-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [3424,"Development of the Fraud Rule in Letter of Credit Law: The Journey ...","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1285&context=jil","Apr 6, 2018 ... letter of credit lies in the fact that it provides a fair balance of com-.","China","2018-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [3425,"A Bayesian Model for False Information Belief Impact, Optimal ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.01576","Apr 5, 2018 ... terms such as misinformation or disinformation. ... this also tells us that elements of the ... Richards, Deceptive advertising: Behavioral study of a legal concept ...","US","2018-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [3426,"Perceptions Are Reality: Historical Case Studies of Information ...","https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/perceptions-are-reality-lsco-volume-7.pdf","Apr 3, 2018 ... as China, Iran, and Russia are ... December 1996; see also Information Assurance: Legal, Regulatory, Policy and ... (i.e. lies) and misinformation (i.e. misleading) ...","China","2018-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [3427,"Mass Media in Japan, Fake News in the World","https://www.suntory.com/sfnd/jgc/forum/013/pdf/013.pdf","Apr 2, 2018 ... and a law passed by the Abe Administration concerning the ... He lies so much that his lies have lost the capacity to ... as Russia and China. Is there reason any ...","China","2018-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [3428,"Deep Fakes & Disinformation Bots","https://clas.ucdenver.edu/communication/node/595/attachment","Apr 1, 2018 ... Disinformation Bots. Trust, Integrity, and the. Ethics ... Fake News and Filter. Bubbles: Overcoming Our ... agreement with China's Ministry of Education to offer a.","China","2018-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3429,"DECEPTIVE PRACTICES 2.0: LEGAL AND POLICY RESPONSES","https://www.commoncause.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/0064.pdf","Mar 31, 2018 ... We also look extensively at current federal law, including the Voting. Rights Act, copyright, trademark, anti-cybersquatting laws, the Computer Fraud and Abuse ...","US","2018-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [3430,"Rumors, Truths, and Reality: A Study of Political Misinformation","https://www.american.edu/spa/ccps/politics-of-truth/upload/berinsky_dc-march-2018.pdf","Mar 31, 2018 ... Do you think Barack Obama is a Muslim or not? 25%. 49%. 25%. Do you think that people in the federal government, such as. George Bush and Dick Cheney, ...","US","2018-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [3431,"Countering False Information on Social Media in Disasters and ...","https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/SMWG_Countering-False-Info-Social-Media-Disasters-Emergencies_Mar2018-508.pdf","Mar 30, 2018 ... <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/misinformation>. 17 Madhusree Mukerjee. “How Fake News Goes Viral – Here's the Math.” Scientific American, July 14, ...","US","2018-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [3432,"Report to Department of Communications, Climate Action and ...","https://assets.gov.ie/123265/18d94981-358b-462b-ae20-54a82ef24d21.pdf","Mar 29, 2018 ... 2 The EU regulation for trans-European energy ... leading to the conclusion that as the valuation is based on misinformation or lack of ... The process in Spain is ...","EU","2018-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [3433,"transparency in health and health care in the united states","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3394041_code358116.pdf?abstractid=3394041","Mar 26, 2018 ... as well as legal barriers and protections in both the United States and Europe. ... EMA complies with EU ... “never events,” such as mishandling, misinformation ...","EU","2018-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [3434,"The Geography of Online Dating Fraud","https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SPW2018/ConPro/papers/edwards-conpro18.pdf","Mar 26, 2018 ... The real location, even at a national level, of the creators of the scam profiles is of interest both to law enforcement and for other preventative efforts – ...","Australia","2018-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [3435,"Hungary: Responding to 'hate speech'","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Hungary_responding_to_HS.pdf","Mar 24, 2018 ... In short, the law on intermediary liability remains legally uncertain in Europe, with ... The Press Act and the Media Act ... and “Fake News,” Disinformation and.","EU","2018-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [3436,"Distrust in Experts and the Origins of Disagreement","https://www.brandeis.edu/economics/RePEc/brd/doc/Brandeis_WP110R3.pdf","Mar 24, 2018 ... differentiates us from the literature on ... Misinformation,” 2012. Mas- sachusetts Institute ... Rabin, Matthew, “Inference by Believers in the Law of Small ...","US","2018-03-24T00:00:00"],
    [3437,"Review - Androgen Misuse and Abuse","https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/42/4/457/41381071/bnab001.pdf","Mar 23, 2018 ... Proxy wars - Korea & Indo-China ... Misinformation and/or misapplication. Male ... to measure weight by the law of gravity or temperature by the first law of ...","China","2018-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [3438,"Digitale Werbung und politische Propaganda","https://www.stiftung-nv.de/sites/default/files/scott_ghosh_digitale_werbung_und_politische_propaganda.pdf","Mar 23, 2018 ... 16 Olivia Solon, \"A simple guide to cookies and how to comply with EU cookie law,\". WIRED, 12.5.2012. ... Fake News & Problematic Content,\" Search Engine Land, ...","EU","2018-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [3439,"Report: responses to the call for written evidence submissions to ...","https://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/written-evidence-report-for-review-into-gnmch_pdf-78762887.pdf","Mar 23, 2018 ... system in Australia, where they say that doctors ... infected with misinformation). The organisation ... law and legal processes than others.' The Doctors ...","Australia","2018-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [3440,"PPT presentation Social Costs of disinformation in the Digital Single ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/140280/PPT%20Frau-Meigs%20Disinformation.pdf","Mar 22, 2018 ... And some maybe directly a[ributable to the rise of fake news (Unilever…) ... ➢ Content under strict legal framework : pluralism, cultural diversity, minors, ...","EU","2018-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [3441,"Powerpoint presentation Ziga Turk Fake news","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/140221/PPT%20Turk%20fake%20news.pdf","Mar 22, 2018 ... fake news sites. ▫threaten prison. • e.g. Polish anti- holocaust law. ▫lock them up. • e.g. Turkey. Page 25. Stopping “fake news” when published. ▫deny ...","EU","2018-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [3442,"A PARTICIPATORY PROPAGANDA MODEL 1 Participatory ...","https://lageneralista.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/A-Participatory-Propaganda-Model-.pdf","Mar 22, 2018 ... The spreading of misinformation online. ... Racist then, racist now: The real story of Bill Clinton's crime bill Salon ... ... No sharia law - Never ever give up ...","Australia","2018-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [3443,"Integrating evidence, politics and society: a methodology for the ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/131821/1/Horton%26Brown_2018.pdf","Mar 20, 2018 ... If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the ...","EU","2018-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [3444,"HOW LICENSING FRAUD AND ILLEGAL LOGGING OF IPE ...","https://es.greenpeace.org/es/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/03/Greenpeace-Report_Imaginary-Trees-Real-Destruction_March-2018.pdf","Mar 19, 2018 ... 10 ARL – Área de Reserva Legal – Legal Reserve Area. ... CHINA PLAITED PRODUCTS IMP. EXP. CORP 10.852 m3 ... This is because the problem lies in process of data ...","China","2018-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [3445,"EDPS Opinion on online manipulation and personal data","https://www.edps.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publication/18-03-19_online_manipulation_en.pdf","Mar 19, 2018 ... law, electoral law, media law, competition law ... the misinformation roughly 1,000 times, according to an analysis by EU DisinfoLab. ... EU consumer law and data ...","EU","2018-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [3446,"Letter: Independent confirmation of fake data in University of ...","http://www.australianparadox.com/pdf/19March2018-letter-confirm-fake-data.pdf","Mar 19, 2018 ... ... misinformation in the public debate (p. 79 in the ... Australia is based on the Australian. Paradox ... colm.harmon@sydney.edu.au, law.dean@sydney.edu.au ...","Australia","2018-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [3447,"Are Singaporeans vulnerable to fake news? 5 key themes from the ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/st_are-singaporeans-vulnerable-to-fake-news-5-key-themes-from-the-public_180318.pdf?sfvrsn=1d6b760a_2","Mar 18, 2018 ... connected with China.\" This was during the Terrex ... But some speakers noted the difficulties of enforcing a law against fake news. ... \"In many instances, it is ...","China","2018-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [3448,"Profiting From Prejudice: How mend's 'iAm' campaign Legitimised ...","https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/HJS-Profiting-from-Prejudice-Report.pdf","Mar 18, 2018 ... ... legislation, is well documented.201. 4.1.42 ... However, she then used misinformation ... Immediately!” on the “harm”, “evil” and “oppression” in the UK, otherwise.","US","2018-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [3449,"Flagging Facebook Falsehoods: Self-Identified Humor Warnings ...","https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-pdf/24/5/240/30261949/zmz012.pdf","Mar 17, 2018 ... This type of flag is less widely applicable than the others tested here: political humor is a small subset of the misinformation shared online, alongside.","US","2018-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [3450,"Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A ...","https://www.hewlett.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Social-Media-Political-Polarization-and-Political-Disinformation-Literature-Review.pdf","Mar 16, 2018 ... China is another major actor whose online ... they are not bound to accept the judgment and reject fake news. ... “Google's Role in. Spreading Fake News and ...","China","2018-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [3451,"Fake news in the post-truth era","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/140202/PPT%20present%20Renda%20Fake%20News.pdf","Mar 16, 2018 ... Libertarian paternalism? Page 8. Possible policy responses: Internet platforms. • Monitored self-regulation (trust, findability, exposure). • Co-regulatory ...","EU","2018-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [3452,"Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/wejxzfacnfe7deijxvk6bq3nii/access/wayback/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/pstorage-loughborough-53465/17095553/SSRNid3144139.pdf","Mar 16, 2018 ... ... Misinformation Interact. Partisan misinformation ... E.U. level.48 These decisions raise relevant ... Cross-national dataset of legal restrictions on posting ...","EU","2018-03-16T00:00:00"],
    [3453,"Truth or Tale? Fact-checking, disinformation and fake news in ...","https://www.cidob.org/es/content/download/83610/2676165/version/2/file/truth-or-tale-fact-checking-disinformation-and-fake-news-in-european-and-national-election-campaigns.pdf","Mar 15, 2018 ... countering fake news and misinformation ... of law in the EU and its Member States. European ... The legal framework to address “fake news”: possible policy actions ...","EU","2018-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3454,"FKN0058 - Evidence on Disinformation and 'fake news'","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/88260/pdf/","Mar 15, 2018 ... From all the ratings of media outlets in a country we can aggregate a Disinformation Probability for a country. Over time this will begin to show us trends in ...","US","2018-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3455,"COMPILATION OF ECRI'S GENERAL POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS","https://rm.coe.int/compilation-of-ecri-s-general-policy-recommendations-march-2018/16808b7945","Mar 15, 2018 ... grounds is also set out in the EU Data Protection Directive and Regulation 2016, as mentioned above. This objective can best be accomplished where legislation ...","EU","2018-03-14T00:00:00"],
    [3456,"Communication 311 - Rhetoric and the Public Sphere","https://web-app.usc.edu/soc/syllabus/20181/20497.pdf","Mar 13, 2018 ... Guess, Nyhan, Reifler, “Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign.” (BB).","US","2018-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [3457,"How to Prevent Discriminatory Outcomes in Machine Learning","https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_40065_White_Paper_How_to_Prevent_Discriminatory_Outcomes_in_Machine_Learning.pdf","Mar 12, 2018 ... with national laws and regulations ... In the absence of adequate regulation, the burden lies with the ... 22 Julie Makinen, “China Prepares to Rank its Citizens on ...","China","2018-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [3458,"Weaponising news","https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policy-institute/assets/weaponising-news.pdf","Mar 10, 2018 ... 183 'China Tests Reusable Hypersonic Spacecraft ... fake news” and online disinformation in Europe', Reuters Institute ... well as media laws, legislation on Non- ...","China","2018-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [3459,"The science of fake news","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mbaum/files/science_of_fake_news.pdf","Mar 9, 2018 ... existing constitutional law, which, in turn, would pressure platforms to intervene more regularly. In the U.S. context, however, a pro- vision of the 1996 ...","US","2018-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [3460,"THE SPREAD OF TRUE AND FALSE NEWS ONLINE","https://ide.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/2017%20IDE%20Research%20Brief%20False%20News.pdf","Mar 8, 2018 ... Furthermore, while recent testimony before congressional committees on misinformation in the U.S. has focused on the role of bots in spreading false news [24], ...","US","2018-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [3461,"Chapter 5: Fake News and Alternative Facts – A Constructivist ...","http://www.uni-koeln.de/hf/konstrukt/reich_works/aufsatze/reich_109.pdf","Mar 7, 2018 ... ... judgment). That Dewey often refers to industrial ... us that in any case, as humans, we are ... The populist attack on democratic culture by means of claims to. “ ...","US","2018-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [3462,"COUNTERING FAKE NEWS","https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/PR180307_Countering-Fake-News.pdf","Mar 6, 2018 ... Going forward, a multi-pronged strategy that comprises both legislation and non-legislative measures — given that each have their challenges — would form a more ...","China","2018-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [3463,"DEMOCRATIC DEFENSE AGAINST DISINFORMATION | Atlantic ...","https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Democratic_Defense_Against_Disinformation_FINAL.pdf","Mar 6, 2018 ... legislation to curb the spread of misinformation during elections. ... efforts to counter state-funded disinformation attempts in allied states (EU and NATO).","EU","2018-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [3464,"Understanding and Addressing the Disinformation Ecosystem","https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/The-Disinformation-Ecosystem-20180207-v2.pdf","Mar 6, 2018 ... If necessary, government regulation might curtail fake ... tackling misinformation and disinformation. Research ... and benefits of the UK's EU membership. First ...","EU","2018-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [3465,"Understanding and Addressing the Disinformation Ecosystem","https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/The-Disinformation-Ecosystem-20180207-v3.pdf","Mar 6, 2018 ... If necessary, government regulation might curtail fake ... Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Australia,. Canada, the UK, and the US. ... tackling misinformation and ...","Australia","2018-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [3466,"A Structured Response to Misinformation: Defining and Annotating ...","https://assets.ctfassets.net/tlowcqj4pb76/4lmUdUz36gQuOKO0UOwEU2/819497f46f25a9cfcbaa7d4b5db8e354/CredCoWebConf2018.pdf","Mar 6, 2018 ... misinformation; disinformation ... expert but require human judgment and training. ... Their rich annotations help us understand the consistency of the different ...","US","2018-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [3467,"Information Warfare: Issues for Congress","https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R45142.pdf","Mar 5, 2018 ... On the defensive side, China employs a combination of legal policies and information technology for censorship and surveillance of dissenters in a program ...","China","2018-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [3468,"THE POWEr Of NON-ATTriBuTiON iN MODErN iNfOrMATiON WArfArE","https://www.jwc.nato.int/images/stories/threeswords/Fighting_Ghosts_2018.pdf","Mar 5, 2018 ... ... misinformation online. Photo by NBC News © www ... the 'gray area' in the law, as they know that this ... Funded Organizations in the EU\", July 2016. https ...","EU","2018-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [3469,"Fraud and Corruption Control: Best Practice Guide","https://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/Fraud-and-Corruption-Control-Best-Practice-Guide-2018.pdf","Mar 5, 2018 ... ... Australia licence. To view this licence visit ... The Public Sector Ethics Act (PSE Act) and the Public Service Act 2008 ... Act or regulation (PSE Act section 24):.","Australia","2018-03-05T00:00:00"],
    [3470,"Eight Fallacies About Crime","https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/96451_Chapter_1_Crime_Fallacies.pdf","Mar 4, 2018 ... Criminal victimization in international perspective: Key findings from the 2004–2005 ICVS and EU. ICS. The Hague, The Netherlands: Boom Legal Publishers. 41.","EU","2018-03-04T00:00:00"],
    [3471,"Negligence by Words","https://cbr.cba.org/index.php/cbr/article/download/2106/2106","Mar 3, 2018 ... it is open to courts in Canada and Australia, as well as the House ... which there is no duty, such as the law recognises, to be careful. ... to the misinformation ...","Australia","2018-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3472,"Misinformation and User-Generated content: Applying participatory ...","http://events.kmi.open.ac.uk/misinformation/assets/accepted-papers/MisInfo-Interact19_paper_1.pdf","Mar 3, 2018 ... to the ethical and legal established modus operandi (Saridou & Veglis, 2016; Singer et ... Fact-checking holds the leading position in struggling against ...","US","2018-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3473,"Self-regulation and 'hate speech' on social media platforms - 2018","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Self-regulation-and-%E2%80%98hate-speech%E2%80%99-on-social-media-platforms_March2018.pdf","Mar 2, 2018 ... This report was produced with financial support from the Rights, Equality and Citizenship. (REC) Programme of the European Union.","EU","2018-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3474,"Responding to 'hate speech': Comparative overview of six EU ...","https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ECA-hate-speech-compilation-report_March-2018.pdf","Mar 2, 2018 ... ... European Union (EU) ... In short, the law on intermediary liability remains legally uncertain in Europe, with ... Expression and “Fake News,” Disinformation and ...","EU","2018-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3475,"COLLECTIVE REDRESS IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/608829/IPOL_STU(2018)608829_EN.pdf","Feb 28, 2018 ... the United States, Latin-America and China, the study suggests new mechanisms. ... consumer law, environmental law, competition law, antidiscrimination law, ...","China","2018-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [3476,"Understanding the Promise and Limits of Automated Fact-Checking","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2018-02/graves_factsheet_180226%20FINAL.pdf","Feb 27, 2018 ... or politically motivated misinformation online – in ... Ireland, have passed or are considering legislation that ... https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-.","EU","2018-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [3477,"Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and ...","https://snurb.info/files/2018/Gatewatching%20and%20News%20Curation%20(2018)%20-%20Introduction%20Only.pdf","Feb 26, 2018 ... Brisbane, Australia. His work focuses on user ... news' and other misinformation ... The series examines broad issues in realms such as digital culture, electronic ...","Australia","2018-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [3478,"Countering Misinformation, Rumors, and False Information on Social ...","https://www.nextgov.com/media/gbc/docs/pdfs_edit/022218jm1ng.pdf","Feb 22, 2018 ... After Public Law 114-80 was passed, the VSMWG was re-named as the Social Media Working. Group for Emergency Services and Disaster Management (SMWGESDM). The ...","US","2018-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [3479,"Dead Reckoning Navigating Content Moderation After “Fake News","https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_Dead_Reckoning_2018.pdf","Feb 21, 2018 ... disinformation: misinformation being ... Weller, “Fake News: A Legal Perspective,” Journal of Internet Law, ... 31, 2017, https://www.politico.eu/article/germany ...","EU","2018-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [3480,"The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.07228","Feb 20, 2018 ... spreading disinformation and impersonating others . ... “Of, for, and by the people: the legal lacuna of synthetic persons,” Artificial. Intelligence and Law, Vol ...","China","2018-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [3481,"DATA VERSUS INFORMATION Krassimir Markov, Christophe ...","http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf","Feb 18, 2018 ... And this is of some importance for us ... For non-human agents acting on misinformation eliminates an organism, so ... The Law of \"Information Conversion and ...","US","2018-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3482,"Policy Statement of Commissioner Goodman on the Fraudulent ...","https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/Commissioner_Lee_E._Goodman_Policy_Statement_-_Fraudulent_Misrepresentation.pdf","Feb 16, 2018 ... ... law involving the federal mail fraud statute-which does not contain the word \"misrepresentation\"— for guidance on interpreting the Act. I believe a clearer ...","US","2018-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [3483,"After Credibility: American Foreign Policy in the Trump Era","https://www.jstor.org/stable/44822015","Feb 15, 2018 ... in order to avoid angering China, no U.S. president or president-elect ... that Iran was not abiding by the treaty, Trump also imperiled the ... with the daunting ...","China","2018-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3484,"Content Regulation in the Digital Age","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/ContentRegulation/APC.pdf","Feb 15, 2018 ... deliberately spread misinformation, disrupt electoral processes ... EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) could be utilised to curb online disinformation.","EU","2018-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3485,"FREE SPEECH, FAKE NEWS, AND DEMOCRACY1 Alvin I ...","https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Free-Speech-Fake-News-Democ-2-18-18-1.pdf","Feb 15, 2018 ... Sect. 1: Introduction. It would be hard to select two more intensely discussed topics in contemporary political and legal theory than democracy and freedom.","US","2018-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3486,"Just and Unjust Leaks: When to Spill Secrets","https://www.jstor.org/stable/44822080","Feb 14, 2018 ... LIES AND DAMNED LIES. A quick word about ... China. That disclosure put Americans at risk, and ... law and with a similar willingness to accept legal punishment.","China","2018-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [3487,"Goldilocks and the Rule 803 Hearsay Exceptions","https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3735&context=wmlr","Feb 15, 2018 ... Alley Professor of Law, University of Oklahoma College of Law. ... inmates, have an incentive to provide misinformation. ... United States, 335 U.S. 469, 486 (1948) ...","US","2018-02-14T00:00:00"],
    [3488,"Online Political Microtargeting: Promises and Threats for Democracy","https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/UtrechtLawReview.pdf","Feb 13, 2018 ... aggravating political polarization, and facilitating the spread of misinformation'. ... 4(7) of the General Data Protection Regulation ... europa.eu/legal-content/ ...","EU","2018-02-13T00:00:00"],
    [3489,"Understanding and countering climate science denial","https://www.royalsoc.org.au/images/pdf/journal/150-2-Cook.pdf","Feb 12, 2018 ... regulation of pollution or nuclear energy), they ... misinformation playing prominent roles in the Brexit and U.S. Presidential elections. ... Proceedings of the ...","US","2018-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3490,"Architects of Networked Disinformation","https://newtontechfordev.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ARCHITECTS-OF-NETWORKED-DISINFORMATION-FULL-REPORT.pdf","Feb 10, 2018 ... Where do they draw the line in subcontracting digital influencers to enhance the image of corporate brands? We invite legal experts to weigh in on the ...","China","2018-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [3491,"Intent as an Element of Predatory Pricing Under Section 2 of the ...","https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3507&context=clr","Feb 8, 2018 ... cluded that federal antitrust law should not consider intent evidence because federal law ... disseminating misinformation, and expanding output. ... 434 U.S. 879 ...","US","2018-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [3492,"Deconstructing climate misinformation to identify reasoning errors","https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa49f/pdf","Feb 6, 2018 ... There is an overwhelm- ing scientific consensus that humans are causing global warming (Cook et al 2016), with a number of stud- ies converging on 97% agreement ...","Australia","2018-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [3493,"The Logic and Limits of Event Studies in Securities Fraud Litigation","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2656&context=faculty_scholarship","Feb 6, 2018 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Penn Carey Law: Legal Scholarship ... 485 U.S. 224 (1988). 3. Halliburton II, 134 ...","US","2018-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [3494,"FORUM Q&A: MARIA RESSA ON DIGITAL DISINFORMATION AND ...","https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Maria-Ressa-on-Digital-Disinformation-and-Philippine-Democracy-in-the-Balance.pdf","Feb 5, 2018 ... law regulating foreign ownership of mass media. ... In China, you're flooded with state messages but ... trust in traditional media has been eroded as ...","China","2018-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [3495,"Don't Believe Everything You Think: Cognitive Bias in Legal ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1421&context=faculty_scholarship","Feb 4, 2018 ... Whatever the quality of their judgment, my clients exhibit the same pervasive errors in decision making, commonly called cognitive biases, as the rest of us.2 ...","US","2018-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [3496,"1 THE EVOLUTION OF THE LAW AND POLICY ON TYING: A ...","https://law.fsu.edu/sites/g/files/upcbnu1581/files/Students/Journals_Teams/JTLP/2017_2018/jtlp27_2017_2018_1_Nazzini.pdf","Jan 31, 2018 ... models lies in the implications for long-term dynamic efficiency. ... Thirdly, the law is not concerned with designing legal rules ... china-switch/. It also ...","China","2018-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3497,"A report from the Campaign Legal Center","https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ForeignInterference.pdf","Jan 31, 2018 ... Twitter PublicPolicy, Update: Russian Interference in 2016 US Election, Bots, & Misinformation, TWITTER (Sept. 28, 2017), https://blog. twitter.com/official ...","EU","2018-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3498,"TURNING PEOPLE INTO PROFITS","https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Nepal-Turning-people-into-profits-Abusive-recruitment-trafficking-and-forced-labor-of-Nepali-migrant-workers.pdf","Jan 31, 2018 ... Curabitur eu ultricies est, quis consequat velit. ... Legislation and Law Enforcement”, 2005, p.32, available at: ... account of recruitment misinformation and ...","EU","2018-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3499,"THE ART OF THE LIE | Common Cause Education Fund","https://www.commoncause.org/education-fund/wp-content/uploads/sites/30/2018/03/ArtoftheLie_Web.pdf","Jan 27, 2018 ... Trump Lies, False and ... China for a property in New Jer- sey, but Jared ... Huma Abedin, shows his contempt for the rule of law and impartial law enforcement.","China","2018-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [3500,"Mistake, Disclosure, Information, and the Law of Contracts","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11599&context=journal_articles","Jan 27, 2018 ... Shepherd that a peace treaty had been signed at Ghent by American and ... positively increases the amount of misinformation ... us apply would practically abolish ...","US","2018-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [3501,"Attack on Academic Dishonesty: What 'Lies' Ahead?","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1155887.pdf","Jan 26, 2018 ... Multiple studies report of cheating among students in var- ious countries, including but not limited to China (Ma et al. 2013), the Czech Republic (Preiss et al ...","China","2018-01-26T00:00:00"],
    [3502,"Epistemic Vices in Organizations: Knowledge, Truth, and Unethical ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/BAIEVI","Jan 25, 2018 ... public opinion that the U.S. invented HIV/AIDS. ... deception and misinformation for sale. Oreskes ... US firms' responses to regulation: Stonewalling and ...","US","2018-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [3503,"Knowledge Resistance: Causes, Consequences and Cures","https://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.584944.1637835933!/menu/standard/file/Projektbeskrivning%20-pdf.pdf","Jan 24, 2018 ... To understand misinformation and KR thus requires understanding the role of media. ... Law and Human Behavior 34: 501-516. http://dx.doi ... Perth, Australia: CSIRO ...","Australia","2018-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [3504,"Science Communication and the Era of “Fake News”","https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/27/11/pdf/i1052-5173-27-11-24.pdf","Jan 24, 2018 ... It has been said that the press is the fourth branch of American government, and my time in a senator's office has shown me the deep truth of that statement.","US","2018-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [3505,"MIS 5208 - LE02 - Nature of Fraud","https://community.mis.temple.edu/mis5208sp18/files/2018/04/MIS-5208-LE02-Nature-of-Fraud.pdf","Jan 23, 2018 ... • Is an illegal act or acts (intentional wrongdoing that violates a law or laws) ... The Wizard of Lies. “There are no investments,” he ... Chinese Fraud Statutes.","China","2018-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [3506,"FAKE NEWS","https://www.ege.fr/sites/ege.fr/files/uploads/2018/01/rapportFAKENEWS.pdf","Jan 23, 2018 ... ... eu même un webinar sur les « fake news » début ... LEGISLATION : LES MOYENS POUR CONTRECARRER LE PHÉNOMÈNE DES « FAKE NEWS » ... United States policy toward East ...","EU","2018-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [3507,"Broadcasting False Information","https://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/broadcasting_false_information.pdf","Jan 21, 2018 ... The FCC is prohibited by law from engaging in censorship or infringing on First Amendment rights of the press. It is, however, illegal for broadcasters to ...","US","2018-01-21T00:00:00"],
    [3508,"Fake News: Credibility, Cultivation Syndrome and the New Age Media","https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/document/74630/1/ssoar-mediawatch-2018-1-bharali_et_al-Fake_News_Credibility_Cultivation_Syndrome.pdf","Jan 19, 2018 ... Similar stories had erupted over trafficking misinformation ... That fake news has legal risks must be spread among the ... fake news and video content, (iii) U.S ...","US","2018-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [3509,"REGULATING A REVOLUTION: FROM REGULATORY ...","https://news.law.fordham.edu/jcfl/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/01/Zetzsche-et-al-Article.pdf","Jan 18, 2018 ... China's need for regulatory sandboxes was limited, as China itself ... regulation. E ... regulatory sandboxes today demonstrate), its strength lies in the substance.","China","2018-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [3510,"How Sudden Censorship Can Increase Access to Information","https://hobbs.human.cornell.edu/selfiecensorship.pdf","Jan 17, 2018 ... Right: Page views for Chinese language Wikipedia pages blocked in China. ... Private Truths, Public Lies: The ... In Routledge Handbook of Media Law, ed. Monroe E ...","China","2018-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [3511,"Of Malice and Men: The Law of Defamation","https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2192&context=vulr","Jan 16, 2018 ... New York lTimes, 376 U.S. at. 279-80. Common law malice is defined as hate, spite, or ill will. 11. See David A. Anderson, Is Libel Law Worth Reforming?","US","2018-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [3512,"FAKE NEWS: NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE POST-TRUTH ERA","https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/PR180313_Fake-News_WEB.pdf","Jan 15, 2018 ... In this era of fake news and misinformation ... “How China's Highly Censored WeChat and Weibo Fight Fake News ...And ... “Can the Law Stop Fake News and Hoax- ...","China","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3513,"Legislating Fake News: Global Case Studies7 Legislative proposals","http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17646.5","Jan 15, 2018 ... Several proposed legislation hold technology companies accountable for the dissemination of fake news, call for faster removal of offending content,. 7 See ...","China","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3514,"Fake news: the global silencer: The term has become a useful ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0306422018769578","Jan 15, 2018 ... law. All three are planning to take measures to ... Over the past year, political leaders in. Burma, Cambodia, China, Egypt, France, ... “fake news”. The latest ...","China","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3515,"Framing the mass media: Exploring 'fake news' as a frame ...","https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/joacm_00043_1?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf","Jan 15, 2018 ... 'fake news'-frame. ... The law of cosines can be used to describe the similarity between ... Dimension 4 has a clear connection with the state debt crisis and EU ...","EU","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3516,"Filtering and Fact-checking as the Antidote to 'Fake News'","https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4963&context=lhapapers","Jan 15, 2018 ... Self- regulation in the newsroom is certainly preferred to government legislation – and it works better in raising standards. 3.2 Filtering the 'truth' from ...","Australia","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3517,"Not Just Asking Questions: Effects of Implicit and Explicit Conspiracy ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10410236.2018.1530526","Jan 15, 2018 ... Our experiment allowed us to demonstrate an under-appreciated way misinformation may enter the information environment via traditional media gate- keepers ...","US","2018-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3518,"When Bad News Arrives: Project HOPE in a Post-Factual World","https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1245&context=criminaljusticefacpub","Jan 15, 2018 ... Federal. Probation, 78(2), 71-73. Klingele, C. (2013). Rethinking the use of community supervision. Journal of Criminal. Law and Criminology, 103, 1015- ...","US","2018-01-14T00:00:00"],
    [3519,"The Straw Man of Legal Positivism","https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1902&context=law_faculty_scholarship","Jan 13, 2018 ... Wu, a law professor from China who became a ... \"Behind the logical form [of a judicial decision] lies a judgment as to ... Positive law contrary to natural law is ...","China","2018-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [3520,"Wrongful Convictions by Police-Induced False Confessions","https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1400&context=celebrationoflearning","Jan 12, 2018 ... Law and Human Behavior, 31, 381-400. Kassin, S. M. (1997). The psychology of confession evidence. American Psychological. Association, Inc, 52(3), 221- ...","US","2018-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [3521,"Scientific Misconduct and the Myth of Self-Correction in Science","https://www.jstor.org/stable/44282622","Jan 10, 2018 ... can suffer because of misinformation about the efficacy of dif-.","EU","2018-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [3522,"Anti-trafficking's Sensational Misinformation: The “72-hour Myth” and ...","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ee517995ce62276749898ed/t/5f3d001d3d95e537c0d182d1/1597833249375/Anti+trafficking+s+Sensational+Misinformation+The+72+hour+Myth+and+America+s+Homeless+Youth-2.pdf","Jan 10, 2018 ... Her research focuses on representations of historical and modern slavery globally, human trafficking in the United States, and postcolonial studies. References.","US","2018-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [3523,"Modeling and Measuring Expressed (Dis)belief in (Mis)information","https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/7302/7156/10532","Jan 9, 2018 ... and 88.9% are above 70% agreement ... Information disorder in asia and the pacific: Overview of mis- information ecosystem in australia, india, indonesia, japan,.","Australia","2018-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [3524,"Risk and uncertainty can be analyzed in cyberspace","https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/cybsec/tyab001/36339271/tyab001.pdf","Jan 6, 2018 ... These leaks were combined with a steady drumbeat of dis/misinformation seeking to sow discord within the US electorate. While drawing a causal chain from ...","US","2018-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [3525,"DELIBERATE ONLINE FALSEHOODS: CHALLENGES AND ...","https://www.mlaw.gov.sg/files/news/press-releases/2018/01/Annexe%20A%20-%20Green%20Paper%20on%20Deliberate%20Online%20Falsehoods.pdf","Jan 5, 2018 ... 42Eric Maurice, Fake news takes centre stage in French election, EU OBSERVER (May 4, 2017, 5:41 PM), https://euobserver.com/elections/137781. Page 10. 8.","EU","2018-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [3526,"The Impact of Media Censorship: Evidence from a Field Experiment ...","https://stanford.edu/~dyang1/pdfs/1984bravenewworld_draft.pdf","Jan 4, 2018 ... ... China. 2.1 The Great Firewall. The administrative regulations and legal framework in China ensure that media outlets based domestically would incur severe ...","China","2018-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [3527,"Data, algorithms and policies: Redefining the digital world","https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43515/4/S1800052_en.pdf","Jan 3, 2018 ... ... China in contrast, where regulation continues to ... lies in the contributions it makes to the digitization of manufacturing. ... based on examples rather than ...","China","2018-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [3528,"Information as a Weapon - Reality versus Promises","https://media.defense.gov/2018/Jan/02/2001862442/-1/-1/0/T_WHITEHEAD_INFORMATION_AS_WEAPON.PDF","Jan 2, 2018 ... The concept of information warfare (IW) continues to gain attention within political and military arenas in the United States (US). ... judgment, decisions, and ...","US","2018-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [3529,"Cyber campaigns and strategic outcomes","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2020.1732354","Dec 30, 2017 ... important legal connotations for calling certain cases a 'cyberattack'. There are equally important connections for computer security experts between 'hack' and ...","China","2017-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [3530,"Was New York Times v. Sullivan Wrong?","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2295&context=journal_articles","Dec 29, 2017 ... The common law was sound; its application was not. So what should be done in the United States Supreme Court? Here the task was complicated because the Court's ...","US","2017-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [3531,"Counterterrorism and Preventive Repression","https://scholar.archive.org/work/ctyik2amszg3fldjcxaeplkxku/access/wayback/https://watermark.silverchair.com/isec_a_00368.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAr4wggK6BgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKrMIICpwIBADCCAqAGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMZvdYd0MwQTUegHZLAgEQgIICccJuBcyNLqzco0M5fzyTtR4Feyi_XcaS-_H1T_Oo63cM76SMhXgumW3LiWSQT0mBFqKLr3xFM9F1mY5C-IQmHSz5T5dRwDtTIO0DtYxZ3SHwYRtC3-wjWKcQrpymmIBtwQo15gcEEwe8234GcP855Yt_lA23XdqFwk1WVXEG54TCBvNgoy_WeHHeHQzyvhQWDQG0sjlADUoSqdYeYNX9sfQAsm2hXBPVQXg0WzlyroUMZwjaZhm_hC4S32DPzd8NSrBPJcYiOzCUBvNWDqmalTcBSQzhe0aOCbEmV2pYStjsGJpqZCibcKNT7DrUVA4lPscmLorXvaw4IZ_tVpXA9jakEVFSGD40Y7N8cZMfqLS957wn8FaCPI8vLHaU-vHCaHFh_cI9lbjVcZxp4n3BQ0w9SAO0LhXEC5TylMvz0rOFfvCtYQfOxzfdIQUrrGYp6jiBFtGM-aFvkfUfDk4-8xbs8EwvsyY9_rhuFgR0y_kIxLBEtfUHu-Tv1G7MAUnrRkJD2W_HXApEQvxoqB8lvHcYqllDnAtEoOduFVvk8cNrBlaTUMumijq5StnksQKOAr9W2c0HnPrurUozQIRhYQm5d3yyBsMX8OZAWhXorR94gfHUOtoxHLJGr5nJRvrofn3Lzk7sB9M4xnvq6Mq5zuNKZzJjytpc2QrrXe9zobrlJ5jK0j8kijiJAmkDV24k6B_94uy_8wghCDznhXcxn6Z6YVtTxokvc09wVgBlSFEBSUZ4i1UQo2U1xAxbCnWbLMIZLiBbCxa3vmUZTJ0APOUFmlS0G5NPfHJNQXXq5tVqOjQX_3Vd4qnmp0RXy7nKwjM","Dec 27, 2017 ... ... Law': China's Legal Efforts against. Terrorism ... shift lies beyond Chen's individual preferences or leadership. ... Chinese com- munist lackeys” and promised ...","China","2017-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [3532,"Campaigning","https://jfsc.ndu.edu/Portals/72/Documents/campaigning/Campaigning%20Fall%202017%20FINAL.pdf","Dec 23, 2017 ... However, without direction from the NSC, or Congress rewriting laws, these organizations will continue to be ad hoc. For there to be a lasting solution, ...","China","2017-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [3533,"IS “FAKE NEWS” A COMPETITIVE PROBLEM?","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3093547_code659254.pdf?abstractid=3093547&mirid=1","Dec 19, 2017 ... It is against this background that we turn to the question whether fake news is a competitive problem and, if so, whether antitrust law has any relevance.","China","2017-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [3534,"FAKE NEWS IS A REAL ANTITRUST PROBLEM","https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/CPI-Hubbard.pdf","Dec 19, 2017 ... fake news purveyors because fake news ... Articles and Native Content, Raising Antitrust Concern in EU,” (Nov. ... neutrality regulation to prevent broadband ...","EU","2017-12-19T00:00:00"],
    [3535,"Climate Change Scepticism: Reconsidering How to Respond to ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2158244017748983","Dec 18, 2017 ... Yale Law & Policy Review, 24, 149-172. Kasperson ... Australia: CSIRO. Retrieved from https://assets ... warming/solutions/fight-misinformation/global-warming-.","Australia","2017-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [3536,"Climate Change Scepticism: Reconsidering How to Respond to ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4277674/mod_resource/content/1/Climate-Change-Scepticism.pdf","Dec 18, 2017 ... The paranoid style in American politics. Harper's Magazine, 77-86. Hoggan, J. (2009). Climate cover-up: The crusade to deny global warming ...","US","2017-12-17T00:00:00"],
    [3537,"Supervisory Power Meets the Harmless Error Rule in Federal Grand ...","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6611&context=jclc","Dec 16, 2017 ... The Court reduces Federal Crimi- nal Procedure Rule 67 to a guideline for grand jury proceedings and strips it of its effect as law.8 Furthermore, this Note ...","US","2017-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [3538,"Fake news, gifs and hashtags: responding to a changing media ...","https://www.lse.ac.uk/accounting/assets/CARR/documents/R-R/2017-Winter/171215-riskregulation-09.pdf","Dec 15, 2017 ... Parliamentarians tweet us to ask about investment in regulatory assets. Our social media content is shared in minutes across the world by individuals whose ...","US","2017-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3539,"A Risk Communication Primer","https://www.med.navy.mil/Portals/62/Documents/NMFA/NMCPHC/root/Environmental%20Programs/Pages/riskcommunication/NMCPHC-Risk-Communication-Primer-2017%20rev9_23.pdf","Dec 15, 2017 ... The risk communication strategy must consider all appropriate local, state and federal policies, laws and regulations in order to be truly comprehensive and ...","US","2017-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3540,"DEFAMATION AND INVASION OF PRIVACY IN THE INTERNET AGE","https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2019-04/4.%20Neville%20L.%20Johnson%3B%20Douglas%20L.%20Johnson%3B%20Paul%20Tweed%3B%20Rodney%20A.%20Smolla%2C%20Defamation%20and%20Invasion%20of%20Privacy%20in%20the%20Internet%20Age.pdf","Dec 14, 2017 ... their search engine results, that EU data protection laws apply to their processing of the data of EU citizens and that individuals can therefore request ...","EU","2017-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [3541,"Stemming the Tide of Misinformation: International Consensus on ...","https://aaml.org/wp-content/uploads/MAT102_10.pdf","Dec 14, 2017 ... al., Evaluation of the 2006 Family Law Reforms Melbourne: Australian Inst. Fam. Stud. (2009), https://aifs.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents ...","Australia","2017-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [3542,"Newsworthiness Guidelines for a Socially Responsible Press ...","https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1091&context=communication_diss","Dec 14, 2017 ... “newsworthiness” in a legal context, many legal scholars agree U.S. privacy law originated in. 1890 when Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis published their ...","US","2017-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [3543,"Lab 9 - Fake News: Does Fact Checking Work?","https://rm.coe.int/wfd-2017-report-lab-9-fake-news-does-fact-checking-work-/168077075c","Dec 13, 2017 ... ... EU policies and politics, while promoting European studies and developing fact-checking. It consists of 15 journalism schools throughout Europe ... ✓ To address ...","EU","2017-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3544,"Intimidation in Public Life - A Review by the Committee on ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a81c4c1e5274a2e8ab55b85/6.3637_CO_v6_061217_Web3.1__2_.pdf","Dec 14, 2017 ... to have obligations under EU law. For example ... I pledge to act within the spirit and rules of the. Labour ... Misinformation about elections and public office.","EU","2017-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3545,"The weaponization of information","https://pure.diis.dk/ws/files/1273572/Weaponisation_of_information_WEB.pdf","Dec 14, 2017 ... The charge was not disinformation as such but rather heavily biased reporting, or, as the US intelligence community claimed, RT America conducting “strategic ...","EU","2017-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3546,"Cognitive Hacking: How to Fight Fake News","https://www.cs.tufts.edu/comp/116/archive/fall2017/sgroh.pdf","Dec 13, 2017 ... While cognitive hacking did not account for all the fraudulent information available to the American public, it certainly provides a vehicle for malicious ...","US","2017-12-13T00:00:00"],
    [3547,"Boyd, John \"confusion/misinterpretation\" about all of this. Thankyou ...","https://westlinnoregon.gov/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/project/22551/full_packet.pdf","Dec 10, 2017 ... Oakes, thank you for writing to us ... Please let's stop this train of misinformation. I ... as the chief legal office for the City as authorized by City Charter ...","US","2017-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [3548,"The partisan contours of conspiracy theory beliefs","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053168017746554","Dec 11, 2017 ... The healthcare law passed in 2010 authorized the ... The US invasion of Iraq was not part of a ... Berinsky A (2017) Rumors and health care reform: Experiments in ...","US","2017-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [3549,"Lab 12 –Big data: campaigning or manipulation","https://rm.coe.int/wfd-report-2017-lab-12-big-data-campaigning-or-manipulation-/168076f485","Dec 8, 2017 ... We are moving from periodic democracy events such as general elections every 4/5 years to everyday political information/misinformation and propaganda.","EU","2017-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [3550,"Commanding the Trend: Social Media as Information Warfare","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/SSQ/documents/Volume-11_Issue-4/Prier.pdf","Dec 5, 2017 ... videos, memes, or fake news, often in collusion with the true believers. ... “Terrorist Use of Social Media: Policy and Legal Challenges,” roundtable forum (Wash-.","EU","2017-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [3551,"Commanding the Trend: Social Media as Information Warfare","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26271634","Dec 5, 2017 ... The source of the fake news was a supposedly patriotic American ... between the US and Russia. ... “Terrorist Use of Social Media: Policy and Legal Challenges,” ...","US","2017-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [3552,"Tracing Fake-News Footprints: Characterizing Social Media ...","http://liangwu.me/files/WSDM18_TraceMiner.pdf","Dec 2, 2017 ... They both follow a power- law distribution, which motivates us to embed users into low dimensional vectors, as how embedding vectors of words are used in ...","US","2017-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [3553,"UNDERSTANDING AND COMMUNICATING RISKS: FACTS ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/executive-education-file/understanding-and-communicating-risks.pdf?sfvrsn=2a9d950b_0","Dec 1, 2017 ... She teaches at the University of Sydney's. Law School and is Visiting Associate Professor at Yale. University's School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.","Australia","2017-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [3554,"EX POST PAPER - Dealing with fake news, conspiracy theories and ...","https://conspiracytheories.eu/_wpx/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2017-Ran_Dealing_Fake_News_Conspiracy_Theories_Classroom.pdf","Nov 30, 2017 ... ... Europe. Publishing) – http://pjp-eu.coe.int/en/web/charter-edc-hre-pilot-projects/teaching-controversial-issues- developing-effective-training-for-teachers ...","EU","2017-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [3555,"Managing the risks of corporate fraud: The evidence from Hong ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4713&context=sol_research","Nov 28, 2017 ... Chinese Firms in Singapore' (Centre for Banking and Finance Law, 6 February 2014). <https://law.nus.edu.sg/cbfl/pdfs/working_papers/Peh%20Zu%20Hao%20Working% ...","China","2017-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3556,"The genuine problem of fake news","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1719005114","Nov 28, 2017 ... “Some politicians wanted to close the airports,” he says, “and I think a lot of that was motivated by the efforts to sow panic.” By the 2016 US presidential ...","US","2017-11-28T00:00:00"],
    [3557,"2017-foreign-policy-white-paper.pdf","https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/2017-foreign-policy-white-paper.pdf","Nov 23, 2017 ... Over time, bringing China and the. United States together in a region-wide free trade agreement would reduce economic tension and help maximise regional ...","China","2017-11-23T00:00:00"],
    [3558,"SECTION 5: CHINA'S DOMESTIC INFORMATION CONTROLS ...","https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019-10/Chapter%203%2C%20Section%205%20-%20China%27s%20Domestic%20Information%20Controls%2C%20Global%20Media%20Influence%2C%20and%20Cyber%20Diplomacy_0_0.pdf","Nov 20, 2017 ... Notice of Penal Judgment, China Judgments Online, April 25, 2017. ... China, a growing China, a noncontroversial view of China ... refute foreign misinformation and ...","China","2017-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [3559,"Technology and the Fake News Phenomenon","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/milweek17_kiran_maharaj.pdf","Nov 20, 2017 ... that consists of deliberate misinformation ... information; Risk of legal liability that Journalists are subjected to versus ... Fox Eats us because of Fake News ...","US","2017-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [3560,"The Law of Deception: A Research Agenda","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/213035211.pdf","Nov 20, 2017 ... misinformation was provided by someone attempting ... Or to turn it around, what does the interpretive approach of any given law of deception tell us about that ...","US","2017-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [3561,"Introducing More IFRS Principles of Disclosures – Will the Poor ...","https://www.ifrs.org/-/media/feature/events-and-conferences/2017/november/disclosures.pdf?la=en&hash=9B5DBA490EDD7B7E1A1DF7E386DCFA62E280178E","Nov 17, 2017 ... Failure of auditors: the lack of compliance for business combinations in China. Regulation & Governance, 8(3), 310–331. Tauringana, V., & Chithambo, L. (2016) ...","China","2017-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [3562,"Consumer rumors and corporate communications","https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9786&context=etd","Nov 17, 2017 ... Let us know how access to this document benefits ... So Allport and. Postman's \"law ... Manipulation and disinformation rumors—having objectives varying from.","US","2017-11-17T00:00:00"],
    [3563,"Bias, Bullshit and Lies - Report","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-11/Nic%20Newman%20and%20Richard%20Fletcher%20-%20Bias%2C%20Bullshit%20and%20Lies%20-%20Report.pdf","Nov 16, 2017 ... We have also witnessed the weaponisation of the term 'fake news' by Donald Trump and other politicians to describe media reports they do not like. A recent ...","EU","2017-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [3564,"Measuring Bias in International News: A Large-scale Analysis of ...","http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3658/1/Watanabe__Measuring-Bias.pdf","Nov 15, 2017 ... The positive change in framing after E2 corresponds to the abandonment of the trade agreement with the EU as ITAR-TASS publishes positive stories emphasizing ...","EU","2017-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3565,"Countering Terrorist Narratives","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/596829/IPOL_STU(2017)596829_EN.pdf","Nov 14, 2017 ... clients counter misinformation, [and] prevent violent extremism. ... http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT ... Disinformation Act,” First. Amendment Studies ...","EU","2017-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [3566,"1 Actions to strengthen quality information and reduce the spread of ...","https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/fake_news_eu_berger.pdf","Nov 14, 2017 ... Presentation at Multi-Stakeholder Conference on Fake News, 13-14 November 2017. Convened by. European Commission: Directorate-General for Communications ...","US","2017-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [3567,"CIVIC MEDIA LITERACIES","https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/43890/external_content.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 14, 2017 ... • Laws and Regulation: With much lower costs, far more operators were involved ... of misinformation. It also places responsibility ... Sydney, Australia, titled ...","Australia","2017-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [3568,"Government Accountability","https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1418&context=vlr","Nov 12, 2017 ... It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Page ...","China","2017-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [3569,"Computational Propaganda and Political Big Data: Moving Toward a ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/136990/3/20171112_Intro_7_AsAccepted.pdf","Nov 12, 2017 ... ... law, please notify us by emailing eprints ... The US Presidential Campaign of ... A great deal of attention has been paid to textual misinformation, but recent.","US","2017-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [3570,"The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917323086/pdf?md5=e0b1009ff82dbfe0bc777c1fc003f283&pid=1-s2.0-S1877050917323086-main.pdf","Nov 10, 2017 ... Recently, reporters of The Guardian 10 informed on a parliamentary inquiry into fake news to consider legislation on how social media platforms handle ...","Australia","2017-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [3571,"Fake news, conspiracy theories, and lies: an information laundering ...","https://www.hsdl.org/c/view?docid=811312","Nov 7, 2017 ... The information was so widespread that it even reached official law enforcement, public safety, and homeland security channels as a potential threat. Further, ...","China","2017-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [3572,"LAWS203 (Torts) False or Misleading Conduct and Economic Torts ...","https://s3.studentvip.com.au/notes/18276-sample.pdf","Nov 6, 2017 ... Misinformation Torts ('Misrepresentative ... Manufacturers' liability under Australian Consumer Law ... Australia. Full Federal Court upheld the appeal. Page 15 ...","Australia","2017-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [3573,"Discretionarily Enhanced Sentences Based Upon Suspected ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1134&context=ulj","Nov 6, 2017 ... case in which a law of the United States authorizes an oath to be administered, ... misinformation of a constitutional magnitude the sentence violated ... Rhay, 389 ...","US","2017-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [3574,"FATF Guidance - Private Sector Information Sharing","https://www.fatf-gafi.org/content/dam/fatf-gafi/reports/Private-Sector-Information-Sharing.pdf.coredownload.pdf","Nov 3, 2017 ... proceeds of a criminal activity, or are related to terrorist financing, it should be required, by law, to report promptly its suspicions to the financial ...","China","2017-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [3575,"Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2300/RR2314/RAND_RR2314.pdf","Nov 1, 2017 ... laws to limit immigration, including the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act ... • What legal or legislative changes could ... misinformation, Russia, China, effectiveness,.","China","2017-11-01T00:00:00"],
    [3576,"Cheap Speech and What It Has Done (To American Democracy)","https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1248&context=falr","Oct 27, 2017 ... earlier version of this article was prepared for delivery at “Distorting the Truth: 'Fake. News' and Free Speech” First Amendment Law Review symposium, ...","US","2017-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [3577,"Measles Part II: Cause and Effect of Vaccine Misinformation: A Case ...","https://immunitycommunitywa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/8-Measles-Part-II-Washington-State-Effect-of-Misinformation.pdf","Oct 27, 2017 ... Misinformation: A Case Study in Minnesota ... I didn't think there was measles in the US. So I ... Death usually occurs 1-. 3 years after diagnosis. Worst Case ...","US","2017-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [3578,"Does semantic information need to be truthful?","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45147462","Oct 24, 2017 ... ... us, telling us truly [. . .] information is that ... and hence it would be a mistake or an act of misinformation to assert, that p ... legal meaning of the word(s).","US","2017-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [3579,"Attributing Acts of Omission to the State","https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1646&context=mjil","Oct 23, 2017 ... ginning in Roman law between the law of persons and the law of ... 2°° China's responsibility for acts or omission ... The Court of Justice of the European ...","China","2017-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3580,"False advertising","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45147707","Oct 23, 2017 ... countries employ varying levels of industry self-regulation alongside statutory regulations un- der the European Union Directive on Unfair Commercial Practices.","EU","2017-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3581,"“News you don't believe”: Audience perspectives on fake news","https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Nielsen%26Graves_factsheet_1710v3_FINAL_download.pdf","Oct 23, 2017 ... The flow of misinformation around the 2016 US presidential election put the problem of “fake news” on the agenda all over the world. Precise definitions ...","US","2017-10-23T00:00:00"],
    [3582,"The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online","https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2017/10/PI_2017.10.19_Future-of-Truth-and-Misinformation_FINAL.pdf","Oct 19, 2017 ... environment (depending on country and their regulation, i.e., China, Europe, North Korea,. U.S., etc.).” Sebastian Benthall, junior research scientist, New ...","China","2017-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [3583,"The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online","https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/964/2019/07/Future_of_Info_Environment_Elon_University_Pew_10-18-17.pdf","Oct 19, 2017 ... environment (depending on country and their regulation, i.e., China, Europe, North Korea,. U.S., etc.).” Sebastian Benthall, junior research scientist, New ...","EU","2017-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [3584,"Family physicians can counter misinformation","https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/67/4/227.full.pdf","Oct 19, 2017 ... 4. Canadian Family Physician has since corrected and retracted the problematic Motherisk articles,5 but the legal proceed- ings for those affected by the ...","US","2017-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [3585,"Tackling online VAT fraud and error","https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmpubacc/312/312.pdf","Oct 18, 2017 ... These fulfilment warehouses are where you seem to think the major problem lies. What would be wrong with making it a legal obligation to have to register those ...","China","2017-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3586,"The Media's Definition of Fake News vs. Donald Trump's","https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1244&context=falr","Oct 18, 2017 ... have published or promoted fake news via U.S.-based social ... Amendment Law at the University of Georgia School of Law. ... correct the errors—to counter ...","US","2017-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3587,"Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West ...","https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/2018/Soviet-Subversion-and-Propaganda-how-the-west-thought-against-it.pdf","Oct 17, 2017 ... the Soviets as liars and the US as truth-tellers. ... They may also have legal problems. A legal fund ... Today's data analysis tools give ample opportunity to ...","US","2017-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [3588,"Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West ...","https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/2018/Jigsaw-Soviet-Subversion-Disinformation-and-Propaganda-Final-Report.pdf","Oct 15, 2017 ... Many whistle-blowers can never work easily in Russian media again; their safety may be threatened as well. They may also have legal problems. A legal fund to ...","China","2017-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3589,"SPEAKUP POLICY - Wolters Kluwer","https://www.wolterskluwer.com/-/media/project/wolterskluwer/oneweb/www/corp/files/pdf-and-excel/2020/speakup-policy-english-website-version.pdf","Oct 15, 2017 ... A (threat of) criminal activity or violation of any applicable law or regulation; c. Theft or fraud against Wolters Kluwer; e. Purposeful misinformation or ...","EU","2017-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3590,"Identifying Nuances in Fake News vs. Satire: Using Semantic and ...","https://aclanthology.org/D19-5004.pdf","Oct 15, 2017 ... Second, as also mentioned in (Golbeck et al., 2018), the fact that fake news and satire ar- ticles both focus on American politics minimizes the possibility ...","US","2017-10-15T00:00:00"],
    [3591,"Increasing transparency in government","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3583&context=soss_research","Oct 13, 2017 ... One major question-mark for the future is China. China ... the Bank do its job better lies the moral issue discussed above. ... The Britain Joint Stock Companies ...","China","2017-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3592,"Event Report Beyond Fake News – A Workshop on Media Literacy ...","https://ecas.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Beyond-Fake-News-Report.pdf","Oct 13, 2017 ... Regulation, greater funding and transparency in journalism and fact-checking. (debunking) all have an important role, but can sometimes be counter-productive.","EU","2017-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3593,"Fake News Detection on Twitter","https://projects.cs.uct.ac.za/honsproj/cgi-bin/view/2017/karodia_kinmont_lu.zip/resources/ProjectProposal.pdf","Oct 13, 2017 ... If our project is successful, we hope to help improve people's critical judgment of online news and encourage people to be more ... need volunteers to help us ...","US","2017-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3594,"Faking News: Fraudulent News and the Fight for Truth","https://pen.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PEN-America_Faking-News-Report_10-17.pdf","Oct 12, 2017 ... Any regulation to preclude “fake news,” were it not to qualify as one of the categories of speech receiving diminished protection, would most likely be ...","EU","2017-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [3595,"Electoral Regulation Research Network Newsletter October 2017","https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2524803/October-2017.pdf","Oct 10, 2017 ... As a result, it leaves the fate of. Australia's federal parliamentarians subject to the laws ... law, the law of negligence, and legal ... Misinformation has been ...","Australia","2017-10-10T00:00:00"],
    [3596,"The Paradox in Big Data's relationship with Regulation and ...","https://www.gfsc.gg/sites/default/files/uploads/20171009%20Big%20Data%20Speech%20%28WM%29.pdf","Oct 9, 2017 ... misinformation and burying decent leading indicators of problems without a trace. ... which manipulate it determine whether it, to quote the EU, it “serves ...","EU","2017-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [3597,"Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises","https://pages.ucsd.edu/~mckenzie/nickersonConfirmationBias.pdf","Oct 4, 2017 ... Studies of social judgment provide evidence that people tend to overweight positive confirmatory evidence or underweight negative discomfirmatory evidence.","EU","2017-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [3598,"Operation Belcarra: A blueprint for integrity and addressing ...","https://www.ccc.qld.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/Operation-Belcarra-Report-2017.pdf","Oct 1, 2017 ... ... Act and the City of Brisbane Act ... misinformation and enable truthful and informed ... The Northern Territory, Victoria and Western Australia do not have any ...","Australia","2017-10-01T00:00:00"],
    [3599,"Fighting Disaster Misinformation in Latin America: - The #19S ...","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10175705","Sep 23, 2017 ... ... regulation does not happen at the pace needed for supporting logistic efforts during a crisis [81]. Past work [35,74] has identified that ensuring that the ...","US","2017-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [3600,"Computational Propaganda in the United States of America ...","https://www.heyheyrenee.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Computational-Propaganda-in-the-United-States-of-America-Manufacturing-Consensus-Online.pdf","Sep 22, 2017 ... The question of whether campaigns themselves used political bots to spread “fake news” was, and continues to be, a smoking-gun issue in US politics. However, ...","US","2017-09-22T00:00:00"],
    [3601,"APPENDIX 2: Digest of comments – Reasons for dissatisfaction with ...","https://www.caerffili.gov.uk/CaerphillyDocs/Consultations/Household-Survey/HHS2017Appendix2digestofcommentsDissatisfaction.aspx","Sep 21, 2017 ... Enforce laws preventing residents using properties as their own private rubbish dumps with disused vehicles on the roads outside their houses for example.","Australia","2017-09-21T00:00:00"],
    [3602,"SHEDDING LIGHT ON NEW THREATS","https://dhss.delaware.gov/dph/dpc/files/sheddinglight_tobaccoplan2017.pdf","Sep 20, 2017 ... In the past 50 years, cigarette smoking rates in the United States have decreased by 50 percent. In Delaware, rates have fallen to an all-.","US","2017-09-20T00:00:00"],
    [3603,"1 Junk News and Bots during the German Parliamentary Election ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2020/08/ComProp_GermanElections_Sep2017v5-4.pdf","Sep 19, 2017 ... Computational propaganda is the automated dissemination of fake news, misinformation, propaganda and other forms of junk news. It flourished during the 2016 US ...","US","2017-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [3604,"AI MATTERS, VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3 SUMMER 2017 - The Ethics of ...","https://sigai.acm.org/static/aimatters/3-3/AIMatters-3-3-12-Wilson.pdf","Sep 16, 2017 ... the 2016 US election, perhaps unprecedent- edly ... facilitate misinformation. The first technology ... Governments must continue to enforce and expand this type of ...","US","2017-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [3605,"How Political Scandals Affect the Electorate. Tracing the Eroding ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pops.12638","Sep 15, 2017 ... One Facebook page was called “The truth about Sebastian Kurz,” which systematically disseminated misinformation about Kurz and portrayed him as especially wel-.","Australia","2017-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3606,"AMERICAN VIEWS: TRUST, MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY","https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000160-fbcc-dcd4-a96b-ffeddf140001","Sep 15, 2017 ... Four in 10 Republicans consider accurate news stories that cast a politician or political group in a negative light to always be “fake news.” Americans view ...","US","2017-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3607,"Exclusion of Wrongfully Obtained Evidence: A Comparative Analysis","https://law.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/014_2017-Ho-Hock-Lai.pdf","Sep 10, 2017 ... The power of exclusion lies with the court and ... [b]y its laws to defend and ... later, the introduction of exclusionary rules in China was, on one account, ...","China","2017-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [3608,"How alcohol industry organisations mislead the public about alcohol ...","https://iogt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Petticrew_et_al-2017-Drug_and_Alcohol_Review.pdf","Sep 8, 2017 ... There appears to be two particularly frequent areas of misinformation on these sites: breast cancer and colo- rectal cancer. ... eu (accessed 28th June 2017). [29] ...","EU","2017-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [3609,"DEFINING “FAKE NEWS” A typology of scholarly definitions. A ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=4781860","Sep 4, 2017 ... At the same time, news is socially constructed, and journalists often exercise sub- jective judgment on which bits of information to include and which to ...","Australia","2017-09-04T00:00:00"],
    [3610,"Hotspot Analysis: Cyber and Information Warfare in elections in ...","https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/Cyber-Reports-2017-08.pdf","Aug 31, 2017 ... States and civil society actors can act together to expose disinformation and propaganda campaigns in order to reduce their impact. A special focus should be ...","EU","2017-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3611,"Critical Practices for Anti-Bias Education","https://www.learningforjustice.org/sites/default/files/2017-08/teaching-tolerance-critical-practices-for-anti-bias-education.pdf","Aug 31, 2017 ... ... judgment” or. “Put-downs of any kind are never OK.” ... Communication built on misinformation, assump-.","Australia","2017-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3612,"FAKE NEWS: HISTORICAL TIMELINE | Common Sense","https://www.commonsense.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2017-08/newsmedialit-fakenewstimeline-85x11.pdf","Aug 31, 2017 ... Benjamin Franklin created a fake issue of the Boston Newspaper to build sympathy for the American. Revolution. The paper claimed that the Brits hired Native ...","US","2017-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3613,"DEFINING “FAKE NEWS” A typology of scholarly definitions. A ...","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4948550/mod_resource/content/1/Fake%20News%20Digital%20Journalism%20-%20Tandoc.pdf","Aug 30, 2017 ... At the same time, news is socially constructed, and journalists often exercise sub- jective judgment on which bits of information to include and which to ...","China","2017-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [3614,"Policy Uptake as Political Behavior: Evidence from the Affordable ...","https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/published_apsr_aca.pdf","Aug 26, 2017 ... came law (U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser- vices 2016). However, millions of Americans remain uninsured despite the threat of financial penalties ...","US","2017-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [3615,"Phyllis Illari and Luciano Floridi 1 Understanding information quality","http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13186/1/19%20Illari%20-%20Floridi.pdf","Aug 25, 2017 ... misinformation. He writes: But disinformation is ... The second area we will examine is the quality of expert evidence in the law, specifically in law courts.","US","2017-08-25T00:00:00"],
    [3616,"The Theory of Factual Trust","https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25882298.pdf","Aug 22, 2017 ... This is a more general rule in civil law of the civil law system, and China, as the successor to the legal ... The key lies in the change of real right, so the.","China","2017-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [3617,"The Plague of Fake News and the Intersection with Trademark","https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=cybaris","Aug 22, 2017 ... City of. Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520, 534 (1993)). Page 7. [126: 131]. CYBARIS®, AN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW REVIEW.","US","2017-08-22T00:00:00"],
    [3618,"investigation into the challenges encountered by regulatory affairs ...","https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/2236/Claire%20O%20Brien%20Thesis_Redacted.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y","Aug 21, 2017 ... China Evolving Regulatory Framework ... To ensure a seamless transition from the Directive to the Regulation the Regulatory ... Its usefulness lies in its ...","China","2017-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [3619,"Wicked Problems in Public Policy Understanding and Responding ...","https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/f3358d25-56c0-47f2-9083-73332713b964/978-3-030-94580-0.pdf","Aug 21, 2017 ... The politics of misinformation. Cambridge University. Press ... How to think about law, regulation and technology. ... standing China's energy and emissions trends.","China","2017-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [3620,"Echo Chambers and Partisan Polarization: Evidence from the 2016 ...","https://www.econ.iastate.edu/files/events/files/peterson-echo-chambers.pdf","Aug 21, 2017 ... Scandals implicating. Hillary Clinton included the attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, her reference to Trump supporters as a “basket of deplorables,” her ...","US","2017-08-21T00:00:00"],
    [3621,"Rethinking Prevent: A Case for an Alternative Approach","https://www.preventwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Rethinking-Prevent-A-Case-for-an-Alternative-Approach-24-08-17.pdf","Aug 19, 2017 ... He argues that potential extremists can be stopped with existing “general” laws that are not always being used effectively to take threats off the streets. This ...","US","2017-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [3622,"PARENTAL ALIENATION AND MISINFORMATION PROLIFERATION","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/fmlcr58&section=27","Aug 17, 2017 ... Risks, Second Edition, was published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in January. 2018 as part of the American Psychological Association's Law ...","US","2017-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [3623,"Fraud, plot, or collective delusion? Social media and perceptions of ...","https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/76228778/Fraud_plot_or_collective_BIRCH_ACCEPTED17August2017_GREEN_AAM.pdf","Aug 17, 2017 ... misinformation. The analysis has both ... The fact that the referendum was carried out on the basis of new and untested legislation (the Scottish Independence ...","US","2017-08-17T00:00:00"],
    [3624,"Misleading Consumers with Green Advertising? An Affect–Reason ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00913367.2018.1452652","Aug 15, 2017 ... Market- ers and advertisers should be bound by law to provide consumers with better information about a company's actual environmental performance by, for ...","EU","2017-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3625,"The Economics of “Fake News” By: Nir Kshetri and Jeffrey Voas ...","https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/N_Kshetri_Economics_2017.pdf","Aug 15, 2017 ... False information basically comes in two forms: misinformation and disinformation ... US presidential campaign, the top- performing ... 15. Page 5. Law enforcement ...","US","2017-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3626,"Debunk the Junk | USRTK.org","https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/SPLENDA-LIVING%C2%AE-Blog-Debunk-the-Junk-Science.pdf","Aug 14, 2017 ... She will be creating original myth debunking content to help fans get to the bottom of the misinformation around sucralose. ... complaint, please send us a ...","US","2017-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [3627,"Information Hazards: A Typology of Potential Harms from Knowledge","https://nickbostrom.com/information-hazards.pdf","Aug 10, 2017 ... 14 Similarly, one can object to some judicial decisions because of the legal ... Distraction and temptation hazards: Information can harm us by distracting us or.","US","2017-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [3628,"Lexicon of Lies: Terms for Problematic Information","https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_LexiconofLies.pdf","Aug 7, 2017 ... Misinformation and Disinformation ... exemplified in China today by the “Fifty-Cent ... But as Phillips and Milner observe, Poe's Law suggests that the consequences ...","China","2017-08-07T00:00:00"],
    [3629,"Discovering and Mitigating Social Data Bias","https://keep.lib.asu.edu/system/files/c7/182250/Morstatter_asu_0010E_17182.pdf","Aug 4, 2017 ... Clearly, there is a need for us to remove bots from social media both for the benefit of users and researchers. Current approaches to bot detection focus on ...","US","2017-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [3630,"Institutional Review Board: Ally Not Adversary","https://www.goucher.edu/policies/documents/DomenechRodriguez-2017-IRB-article-3.pdf","Aug 3, 2017 ... enacting comprehensive federal legislation. In ... There are many points of misinformation that ... US Department of Health and Human Services code of federal ...","US","2017-08-03T00:00:00"],
    [3631,"Fake News, Propaganda, and Plain Old Lies: How to Find ...","http://repo.darmajaya.ac.id/5378/1/Fake%20News%2C%20Propaganda%2C%20and%20Plain%20Old%20Lies_%20How%20to%20Find%20Trustworthy%20Information%20in%20the%20Digital%20Age%20%28%20PDFDrive%20%29.pdf","Aug 2, 2017 ... One of the Internet's oldest “laws” is Godwin's law, which can be paraphrased as “Any online argument that goes on long enough will eventually invoke. Hitler ...","China","2017-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [3632,"The Democrats' Misplaced Faith in Policy Feedback","https://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/djg249/galvin-thurston.pdf","Jul 30, 2017 ... “Change, Continuity, and the Evolution of the. Law.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (2): 252–267. Mayhew, David R. 2002. Electoral Realignments: A ...","US","2017-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [3633,"VOTER IGNORANCE AND THE DEMOCRATIC IDEAL","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3007987_code410506.pdf?abstractid=3007987&mirid=1","Jul 26, 2017 ... [1837] 1969. Democracy In America, trans. George Lawrence. New York: Doubleday. Tribe, Laurence. 1988. American Constitutional Law,2nd ed ...","US","2017-07-26T00:00:00"],
    [3634,"BEYOND INFORMATION COSTS: PREFERENCE FORMATION ...","https://academic.oup.com/jla/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jla/laz007/33208842/laz007.pdf","Jul 25, 2017 ... sion of governmental capacity: the development of English property law fol- lowing the Black Death, the evolution of customary property law in China's. Lower ...","China","2017-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [3635,"DEFAMATION LAW IN THE AGE OF THE INTERNET: YOUNG ...","http://www.lco-cdo.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/DIA-Commissioned-Paper-eQuality.pdf","Jul 25, 2017 ... ... us? Like, why does it matter what other people ... We discussed law and legal ... Untruths, in the form of misinformation and alternative facts, proliferate online,.","US","2017-07-25T00:00:00"],
    [3636,"Why Egregious Errors of Law May yet justify a refusal of enforcement ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4161&context=sol_research","Jul 21, 2017 ... Party autonomy lies at the heart of the New York ... 47 Typically, most jurisdictions do not allow criminal law, bankruptcy law, labour law and family law matters.","China","2017-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [3637,"Geological fakes and frauds","https://pure.qub.ac.uk/files/132462461/fakes_frauds_V7.pdf","Jul 21, 2017 ... Therein lies the problem with water scams that besets all ... China. The enquiry that took place before, during ... Regulation, Toronto: University of Toronto Press ...","China","2017-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [3638,"Policy by Other Means: Collective Self-Defense and the Politics of ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26403212","Jul 20, 2017 ... Therein lies a crucial point of relevance throughout the Cold War and ... regulation or official act.”31 Accordingly, it is ... Senkaku Islands (known as the Diaoyu ...","China","2017-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [3639,"Bias, Culture and the Court Process","https://www.national-consortium.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/8947/bias-culture-court-process.pdf","Jul 20, 2017 ... Recognize cultural misinformation and avoid assumptions about a person or the facts of a situation based on misinformation. Assess implicit and explicit biases ...","US","2017-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [3640,"Fake News Fitness","https://myinstructionaldesigns.com/system/files/portfolio/FNF%20Pilot%20Report.pdf","Jul 20, 2017 ... I think note at the beginning of the article that says, \"This is a guest post by Justin Levitt, a professor at the Loyola Law School, Los Angeles and an expert ...","US","2017-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [3641,"The Rise of Russian Disinformation in Europe","https://www.aies.at/download/2018/AIES-Fokus_2018-03.pdf","Jul 15, 2017 ... of banning “fake news” and tasking law ... EU sets up team to tackle fake news, disinfor-.","EU","2017-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3642,"Caution: Rumors ahead—A case study on the debunking of false ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951720980127","Jul 15, 2017 ... Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital- · single-market/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert- · group-fake-news-and-online-disinformation (accessed 7.","EU","2017-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3643,"Truth, Lies, and Copyright","https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1805&context=nlj","Jul 13, 2017 ... us. Some are held ... 234/fake-news-exposure-usa/ [https://perma.cc ... and the conveyances of legal rights by the spiritual world as the basis for its judgment.","US","2017-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [3644,"GET SHORTY: DEFAMATION AND REGULATORY CLAIMS ...","https://www.jdsupra.com/post/fileServer.aspx?fName=22c9beb0-0942-4919-a399-5d59bdbe1260.pdf","Jul 11, 2017 ... In both cases, the underlying wrongful behaviour relates to feeding misinformation to the public market ... Africa and Asia Pacific, positioning us to help ...","US","2017-07-10T00:00:00"],
    [3645,"1 False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder ...","https://www.crj.org/assets/2017/07/9_Machine_bias_rejoinder.pdf","Jul 9, 2017 ... According to the 2014 United States Census, across the U.S., it was estimated that the racial breakdown of ... return to subjective judgment ... that opportunity is ...","US","2017-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [3646,"ALGORITHMIC ACCOUNTABILITY","https://webfoundation.org/docs/2017/07/WF_Algorithms.pdf","Jul 7, 2017 ... 27. Additionally, disinformation groups in the U.S. have high incentives to specifically target Facebook communities28 to earn thousands of dollars generated ...","US","2017-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [3647,"Interpreting and Translation Policy","https://www.wwl.nhs.uk/resources/download/wwl-600ab26bd49fb5.02186525","Jul 7, 2017 ... The provision of interpreter and translations services enables us to ensure equality of access to ... misinformation can lead ... privileged by law to be ...","US","2017-07-07T00:00:00"],
    [3648,"DISINFORMATION AND SOCIAL BOT OPERATIONS IN THE RUN ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.00086","Jun 30, 2017 ... It is worth noting that all distributions are broad and skewed, exhibiting a power-law like behavior. ... The spreading of misinformation online. ... the UK-EU ...","EU","2017-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [3649,"Loss and damage in misleading and deceptive conduct cases David ...","https://ebc44.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Turner_2017_03_28.pdf","Jun 30, 2017 ... the Australian Consumer Law applies to corporations as a law of the Commonwealth,3 and ... claim in misleading and deceptive conduct in relation to misinformation ...","Australia","2017-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [3650,"DISINFORMATION AND SOCIAL BOT OPERATIONS IN THE RUN ...","https://www.unomaha.edu/international-studies-and-programs/_files/docs/disinformation-social-bots.pdf","Jun 30, 2017 ... ... law (En Marche!, 2017). The voluntary spreading ... Finally, we uncovered that accounts used to support then-presidential candidate Trump before the. 2016 U.S. ...","US","2017-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [3651,"Policies and Procedures","https://frankdivas.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/paparazzi_policies_and_procedures.pdf","Jun 25, 2017 ... ... U.S. resident that has ... federal laws, and this Agreement. It is expected ... In the event that a check must be reissued due to misinformation out of the control ...","US","2017-06-25T00:00:00"],
    [3652,"Disclosure Responses to a Corruption Scandal: The Case of ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/45106431","Jun 22, 2017 ... heightened legal risk (Hills et al. 2009) ... involving Siemens companies in China, Hungary ... Corporate Citizenship Report. Secondary sources. Abrahamson, E., & ...","China","2017-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3653,"``Everything I Disagree With is #FakeNews'': Correlating Political ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.05924","Jun 20, 2017 ... that distinguishes fake and biased, or even nd users who are not not extremely polarized, which would have a more trustworthy judgment of what is misinformation ...","EU","2017-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [3654,"Ethical Journalism Network","https://rm.coe.int/ethical-journalism-as-an-inspiration/1680727be2","Jun 20, 2017 ... Deceptive, unverified, and error-filled reporting has always been with us, ... Propaganda feeds on ignorance and through misinformation reinforces ... tom.law@ ...","US","2017-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [3655,"Computational Propaganda Worldwide: Executive Summary","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/06/Casestudies-ExecutiveSummary.pdf","Jun 19, 2017 ... Some social media platforms, in particular political contexts, are either fully controlled by or dominated by governments and organized disinformation campaigns ...","China","2017-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3656,"Computational Propaganda in Russia: The Origins of Digital ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/06/Comprop-Russia.pdf","Jun 19, 2017 ... However, this does not make comparison with China less impressive, given that China is also famous for ... legal regulations and. Russian money by virtue of being ...","China","2017-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3657,"Computational Propaganda in Germany: A Cautionary Tale","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/06/Germany_LMNeditv3.pdf","Jun 19, 2017 ... Misinformation and Fake News in Public Discourse ... and EU scepticism. According to a comparative ... Thereby, social media content bypasses traditional ...","EU","2017-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3658,"A theoretical framework to address the trustworthiness of ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461444820939922","Jun 18, 2017 ... misinformation (Klonick, 2017); the democratic ... China search (Blog). ... Yeung K (2019) Regulation by blockchain: the emerging battle for supremacy between the ...","China","2017-06-18T00:00:00"],
    [3659,"Computational Propaganda in Canada: The Use of Political Bots","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/06/Comprop-Canada.pdf","Jun 17, 2017 ... Armies of automated accounts spreading misinformation? ... principle focus of any law. ... US comedian Sarah Silverman might have broken this law during the 2015 ...","US","2017-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [3660,"Was tun gegen „Fake News“?","https://shop.freiheit.org/download/P2@692/107094/A4_FakeNews.pdf","Jun 17, 2017 ... 30 (pro-. Trump) Millionen mal auf Facebook öffentlich geteilt wurden. Dass gezielt gestreute Falschmeldungen im US-Wahlkampf eine gewisse Rolle gespielt haben, ...","US","2017-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [3661,"How to draw a line between journalism and propaganda in the ...","http://aei.pitt.edu/102546/1/case_note_2_2018_yuliya_miadzvetskaya.pdf","Jun 15, 2017 ... Tridimas and J. A. Gutiérrez-Fons, “EU Law, International Law and Economic Sanctions against Terrorism: ... Convention on the Law of Treaties ... fake news, someone ...","EU","2017-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3662,"Practices, Policies and Regulation in African Journalism: Mapping a ...","https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23743670.2019.1750197","Jun 15, 2017 ... This will not be the last word; however, as the Court stated that EU law did not prohibit a global de-referencing exercise under different circumstances ...","EU","2017-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3663,"Practices, Policies and Regulation in African Journalism: Mapping a ...","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/20984417/African_journalism_post_print.pdf","Jun 15, 2017 ... This will not be the last word; however, as the Court stated that EU law did not prohibit a global de-referencing exercise under different circumstances ...","EU","2017-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3664,"The Fake News Machine: How Propagandists Abuse the Internet ...","https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-fake-news-machine-how-propagandists-abuse-the-internet.pdf","Jun 13, 2017 ... ... regulation or societal self-regulation—various parties ... Chinese underground unsurprisingly caters to the Chinese ... China are similarly used for misinformation.","China","2017-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [3665,"Working Paper No. 2017.4 - Computational Propaganda in Poland ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/06/Comprop-Poland.pdf","Jun 12, 2017 ... Yanukovych, chose not to sign the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement in November of 2013, sparking massive protests and the Ukraine crisis ...","EU","2017-06-12T00:00:00"],
    [3666,"From Research to Regulation","https://ki.se/media/256823/download","Jun 11, 2017 ... The conference was organised in collaboration with the Swedish partners of the EU-funded project NANoREG, the Swedish Mistra Environmental Nanosafety Programme ...","EU","2017-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3667,"A Framing Analysis of Media Coverage of the Rodney King Incident ...","https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/153/2017/06/11BowenEJSpring15.pdf","Jun 11, 2017 ... The news media have been vital to informing the public and shaping public opinion in America for centuries. These “gatekeepers” of the news hold incredible ...","US","2017-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3668,"Cyberflashing and Deepfake Pornography","http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2017-2022/2022/justice/0122.pdf","Jun 9, 2017 ... 8. The Law Commission for England and Wales examined the similar offence of exposure under section 66 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It noted that: […] there ...","EU","2017-06-09T00:00:00"],
    [3669,"The political effects of migration-related fake news, disinformation ...","https://politicalcapital.hu/pc-admin/source/documents/FES_PC_FakeNewsMigrationStudy_EN_20170607.pdf","Jun 7, 2017 ... unconstitutional and non-compliant with EU law, as it would transfer “responsibility for complex legal decisions from public authorities to private companies”.","EU","2017-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [3670,"Lesson 3: Bias News Literacy Teacher Guide Step by Step","http://candewithmrst.weebly.com/uploads/9/0/2/4/90245935/bias_0.pdf","Jun 7, 2017 ... Unlike “fake news,” recognizing bias is not about ... for American jobs' ... Two Offensive Linemen, One Wide Receiver, Zero Respect for America or. Law Enforcement.","US","2017-06-07T00:00:00"],
    [3671,"Blowing the Whistle in the Digital Age: Are You Really Anonymous ...","https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1378&context=bclj","Jun 5, 2017 ... With the frag- mented federal whistleblower laws, finding the applicable law that ... For example, China has in- vested heavily in ... BBC News, China: “the ...","China","2017-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [3672,"In an era of fake news, the truth may not always be out there","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/td_in-an-era-of-fake-news-the-truth-may-not-always-be-out-there_050617.pdf?sfvrsn=e953710a_2","Jun 2, 2017 ... consumers are concerned about fake news, the highest among five places - the others were. Australia, Malaysia, Hong Kong and India - in the Asia Pacific ...","Australia","2017-06-02T00:00:00"],
    [3673,"making the truth stick & the myths fade: lessons from cognitive ...","https://behavioralpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/BSP_vol1is1_Schwarz.pdf","May 31, 2017 ... Ayoob, K. T., Duyff, R. L., & Quagliani, D. (2002). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Food and nutrition misinformation. Journal of the American ...","US","2017-05-31T00:00:00"],
    [3674,"AN ETHICAL REVIEW ON ADVERTISING","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48547076.pdf","May 28, 2017 ... Commercials reach us when we watch our favorite television programs. The mail brings in brochures and catalogues as well as bills and letters. Because ...","US","2017-05-28T00:00:00"],
    [3675,"Rumor Control and Disclosure of Merger Negotiations or Other ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56357468.pdf","May 27, 2017 ... The federal securities laws approach such disclosure problems in terms of whether a statement is materi- ally misleading. A delicate balance must be struck ...","US","2017-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [3676,"The Truth Behind Fake News","https://info.lse.ac.uk/staff/divisions/Teaching-and-Learning-Centre/Assets/Documents/GROUPS-papers/GROUPS-2017/Group-9-The-Truth-Behind-Fake-News.pdf","May 16, 2017 ... This has been confirmed in a study by the Pew Research Centre which reported that 62% of US adults now cite social media sites as one of their news sources. ( ...","US","2017-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [3677,"The Ethical Obligation for Disclosure of Medical Error in the ...","https://dsc.duq.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=etd","May 15, 2017 ... 148 Commonwealth of Australia, “Reform of Liability Insurance Law in. Australia,” Retrieved from: http://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/799/PDF/complete ...","Australia","2017-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3678,"Combating Fake News: An Agenda for Research and Action","https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Combating-Fake-News-Agenda-for-Research-1.pdf","May 15, 2017 ... The spread of false information became a topic of wide public concern during the. 2016 U.S. election season. ... and ideologically slanted news, disinformation, ...","US","2017-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3679,"Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online Case Studies","https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/DataAndSociety_CaseStudies-MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline.pdf","May 15, 2017 ... Poverty Law Center, he explicitly stated that ... The image's background consisted of piles of U.S. currency. ... manipulation and misinformation online. CASE ...","US","2017-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3680,"Combating Hate Speech","https://rm.coe.int/ecri-general-policy-recommendation-no-15-key-topics-combating-hate-spe/16808b763a","May 12, 2017 ... ▻ Combating misinformation, negative stereotyping and ... Hate speech poses grave dangers for the cohesion of a democratic society, the protection of human ...","EU","2017-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [3681,"Like, Comment, and Share: Distortion of Information on Facebook","https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=gh_theses","May 9, 2017 ... The evidence of misinformation ... city in Macedonia were a source of fake news during the U.S. presidential election and ... Consequences, monetary, legal, or ...","US","2017-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [3682,"The Challenge That's Bigger Than Fake News: Teaching Students to ...","https://www.commonsense.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2018-05/document-bigger-than-fake-news.pdf","May 9, 2017 ... If they fall victim to misinformation, the consequences may be dire. ... to accurately pass judgment on an unfamiliar website. ... us/2017/03/04/how-news-literacy- ...","US","2017-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [3683,"Toward the Search for the Proper Liability Rule for Harms Resulting ...","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1036&context=etd","May 8, 2017 ... 91 See LIFAYUAN GONGBAO (Official Gazette of Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China) Vol. ... act derives from legal rules ... a primary distinction between ...","China","2017-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [3684,"William Hazlitt: On the Silencing Effect of Public Opinion in ...","https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=hc_sas_etds","May 9, 2017 ... Let us know! More information about this work at ... He labeled them, “[T]he candid and well-disposed,” and describes them as knowing the misinformation was wrong ...","US","2017-05-08T00:00:00"],
    [3685,"Comment: UN Enforcement Measures and Neutrality. The Case of ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40798684","May 7, 2017 ... „The significance of the general international law lies where it concerns the admissability of the neutral conduct of the non-member. It will not be allowed.","China","2017-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [3686,"Critical Literacy in the Post-Truth Media Landscape","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1478210319831569","May 7, 2017 ... In the wake of the major events of 2016 – Brexit and the United States election, two events that were defined by misinformation, lies and fake news – post-truth ...","US","2017-05-07T00:00:00"],
    [3687,"Lessons from the Macron leaks","http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep21140.11","May 6, 2017 ... An orchestrated disinformation campaign against the presidential candidate had started months earlier: it included the dissemination of rumours, fake news and.","EU","2017-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [3688,"MEDIA LITERACY & FAKE NEWS | ConnectSafely","https://connectsafely.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Media-Literacy-Fake-News.pdf","May 6, 2017 ... spot fake news? ... Until fairly recently, media were concentrated in the hands of a few organizations, but now it's all around us. ... Massachusetts School of Law.","US","2017-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [3689,"Influence Operations and the Intelligence/Policy Challenges","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1235930/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 5, 2017 ... The recent U.S. agreement with China not to do cyber espionage for commercial purposes, is a start; Britain and Australia also came to similar agreements with ...","China","2017-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [3690,"Addressing the Issue of Climate Change Denial","https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1170&context=senior_theses","May 5, 2017 ... In the case of Kiribati, warming due to emissions from the U.S., China, ... birth of many of the nation's most important legislation and regulation regarding the ...","China","2017-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [3691,"Examining Press Conference and Press Release Accounts of ...","https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/cjccj.2021-0021","May 5, 2017 ... We argue police press conferences and press releases after police shootings are less oriented toward misinformation or agenda-setting and more toward risk ...","Australia","2017-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [3692,"“The Truth Today Is What Putin Says It Is” - The Activity of Pro ...","https://politicalcapital.hu/pc-admin/source/documents/PC_NED_country_study_HU_20170428.pdf","Apr 26, 2017 ... 76 Fake News and Violence Against Migrants – Extreme ... of law and order and normalcy, as opposed to the ... way to the EU, and how Europe was about to be ...","EU","2017-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [3693,"Dezinformatsiya: The past, present and future of 'fake news'","http://www.unesco.se/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017-03-30-dezinformatsiya-the-past-present-and-future-of-fake-news-by-c-dornan-ccunesco.pdf","Apr 26, 2017 ... The incident was real, but the legal defence of the accused rests on the fact that they thought it ... 1961. Borel, Brooke. “Fact Checking Won't Save Us From Fake ...","US","2017-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [3694,"uma revisão compreensiva e interdisciplinar fake news: a ...","https://brajets.com/index.php/brajets/article/view/790/429","Apr 20, 2017 ... classificação da disfunção da informação: misinformation, disinformation ... eu penso?” Existem trabalhos na literatura que ... Application of the Benford's law to ...","EU","2017-04-20T00:00:00"],
    [3695,"Government priorities remain opaque","https://stmaartennews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/APRIL-19-2017.pdf","Apr 19, 2017 ... EU, May had repeatedly ruled out going to the ... dent's judgment; it's entirely more debilitating ... matters more than ever when misinformation is a weapon of ...","EU","2017-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [3696,"Manufacturer Communications Regarding Unapproved Uses of ...","http://www.miwg.org/sites/default/files/Comment%20from%20the%20Medical%20Information%20Working%20Group_Manufacturer%20Communications%20Regarding%20Unapproved%20Uses%20of%20Approved%20or.pdf","Apr 19, 2017 ... intended 'dissemination within the U.S. of findings or actions of foreign regulatory bodies ... physicians are then “responsible for making the final judgment as ...","US","2017-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [3697,"Myths, Half-truths, and Common Misconceptions about ...","https://www.schizophrenia.ca/docs/Myths%20Half-truths%20and%20Common%20Misconceptions%20about%20Schizophrenia%20and%20Severe%20and%20Persistent%20Mental%20Illness%20(SPMI).pdf","Apr 18, 2017 ... illness with others for fear of judgment ... The media, whether through movies or sensationalized reportage of individual acts, would have us believe that people ...","US","2017-04-18T00:00:00"],
    [3698,"Winning the Information War Redux","https://cepa.ecms.pl/files/?id_plik=4803","Apr 15, 2017 ... in the EU Association Agreement with Ukraine and is a high priority for other Association countries and. EU member states with weak media. The challenge.","EU","2017-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3699,"Fact or Fiction? How to spot fake news.A guide for teachers and ...","https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/11623427/FAKE+NEWS+RESOURCE+ULSTER+UNIVERSITY.pdf","Apr 15, 2017 ... If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact pure-support@ulster.ac.uk.","US","2017-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3700,"Public Outrage and Legislative Action, From Silent Spring to Societal ...","https://www.erm.com/contentassets/7ac29b35ac774622b9d8bdd2bcb0ba31/public-outrage-and-legislative-action---from-silent-spring-to-societal-expectations---managing-business-risks.pdf","Apr 15, 2017 ... that regulators could consider in developing laws. That model was written to support the development of consistent legislation in various states in the US.","US","2017-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3701,"The Impact of Social Media on Reputational Risk","https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1750&context=srhonorsprog","Apr 9, 2017 ... Social media has increased the speed of information flow. This means that both information and misinformation are being spread faster than ever. This is likely ...","Australia","2017-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [3702,"Negative gearing: separating fact from fiction","https://nexia.com.au/sites/default/files/2017-04/2017%20-%20Negative%20gearing%20-%20separating%20fact%20from%20fiction.pdf","Apr 5, 2017 ... However, there is no specific law enabling a ... This article examines the various claims made about one of the most controversial tax policies in Australia's ...","Australia","2017-04-05T00:00:00"],
    [3703,"Fake News: A Legal Perspective","https://catalogobib.parlamento.pt:82/images/winlibimg.aspx?skey=&doc=135907&img=23544&res=150","Apr 3, 2017 ... Spoken, unrecorded defamation is known as slander, while defamatory statements that are written or otherwise recorded are defined as libel. In the United States ...","US","2017-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [3704,"POLICY NOTE","http://legalpoliticalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/The-Association-of-Serb-Majority-Municipalities-in-Kosovo-Association-Impasse.pdf","Apr 1, 2017 ... the signatories of the agreement – then EU High representative Catherine Ashton, then Prime Minister of Kosovo. Hashim Thaci, and then Prime Minister of ...","EU","2017-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3705,"Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23089/w23089.pdf","Apr 1, 2017 ... ... judgment. An individual user with no track record ... A US company called Disinfomedia owns many fake news sites, including NationalRe-.","US","2017-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [3706,"DISINFORMATION: A PRIMER IN RUSSIAN ACTIVE MEASURES ...","https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/hearings/S%20Hrg%20115-40%20Pt%201.pdf","Mar 30, 2017 ... flooding our social media with misinformation. ... They nearly were able to split Europe, split NATO in Eu- rope, in the 1980s. ... The report makes a key judgment ...","EU","2017-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [3707,"An Ignorant and Easily Duped Electorate?","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26314960","Mar 30, 2017 ... Information and Misinformation in American Politics. By Jennifer L. Hochshild and Katherine. Levine Einstein. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015 ...","US","2017-03-30T00:00:00"],
    [3708,"The future of free speech, trolls, anonymity and fake news online","https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/964/2019/07/Pew-Elon-Future-Social-Discourse-Press-Release.pdf","Mar 29, 2017 ... Bad behavior is somehow condoned because 'everyone' is doing it… Social media bring every bad event to our attention, making us feel as if they all happened in.","US","2017-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [3709,"This Just In: Fake News Packs a Lot in Title, Uses Simpler ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.09398","Mar 28, 2017 ... Fake news in most cases is more similar to satire than to real news, leading us to conclude that persuasion in fake news is achieved through heuristics rather.","US","2017-03-28T00:00:00"],
    [3710,"A governance framework for algorithmic accountability and ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2019/624262/EPRS_STU(2019)624262_EN.pdf","Mar 25, 2017 ... Accountability ultimately lies with a (legal) person [29]. ... enact similar legislation, such as Brazil [512], China ... Soft law, self-regulation and co- ...","China","2017-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [3711,"When Law Makes Climate Change Worse: Rethinking the Law of ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24113055","Mar 23, 2017 ... China already mentioned, Alexandria, Egy million ... Lies Within. EEZs?, 8 Marine Pol'y 359 (1984) ... See Wainwright, Navigation Through Three Straits in the Middle ...","China","2017-03-23T00:00:00"],
    [3712,"Scottish citizens' perceptions of the credibility of online political 'facts ...","https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/preview/227989/BAXTER%202019%20Scottish%20citizens%27%20perceptions.pdf","Mar 21, 2017 ... which is not just that misinformation is out there, but what misinformation does to our ... EU £350 million a week, let's fund our NHS instead. ... (2006), “ ...","EU","2017-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [3713,"Is the internet causing political polarization? Evidence from ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/shapiro/files/age-polars.pdf","Mar 20, 2017 ... We combine nine previously proposed measures to construct an index of political polarization among US adults. ... misinformation, wild conspiracy theo- ries, to ...","US","2017-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [3714,"How The Media Influences Politics Copy - partnership-monitor.alerts ...","https://partnership-monitor.alerts.ztf.uw.edu/attachment/pdf?redir_esc=lIK:9681&Edu=How-The-Media-Influences-Politics.pdf","Mar 18, 2017 ... Issues addressed include: How powerful are the media in shaping political beliefs/judgment? ... of U.S. senators, journalists, critics, and ... and misinformation.","US","2017-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [3715,"Ministerial Policy Statement FY2017/18","https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/browser?id=b43131e5-2638-41bf-905a-c4dd759b06c6%3B1.0","Mar 18, 2017 ... ... Misinformation / negative campaign by perpetual ... Legal Services and Investigations;. - Code 03 ... US $90 million. 4.2.4 Community Mobilization and ...","US","2017-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [3716,"MEDIA POLICY BRIEF 19 - The new political campaigning","https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/71945/7/LSE%20MPP%20Policy%20Brief%2019%20-%20The%20new%20political%20campaigning_final.pdf","Mar 17, 2017 ... body to the Council of Europe, which calls for the regulation of campaign spending to essentially ensure ... different types of misinformation, which are in ...","EU","2017-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [3717,"CRAFTING AN INFORMATION WARFARE AND COUNTER ...","https://irp.fas.org/congress/2017_hr/counter-prop.pdf","Mar 15, 2017 ... When it comes to Russian propaganda and dis- information activities against NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Orga- nization] and the EU [European Union], how ...","EU","2017-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3718,"Assessment of Information Literacy and Fake News Identification of ...","https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=14345&context=libphilprac","Mar 15, 2017 ... misinformation and disinformation ... Even if students are fully aware of the legal ... check of the information sources by visiting the “about us” pages or the ...","US","2017-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3719,"Online Appendix: Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election","https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=4222","Mar 15, 2017 ... Appendix Table 1 presents the news headlines used in the post-election survey, and Appendix. Figures 1 and 2 present the share of U.S. adults who recall seeing ...","US","2017-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3720,"This Article Won't Change Your Mind","https://ulm.edu/webguide/faculty/pdf/This-Article-Will-NOT-Change-Your-Mind.pdf","Mar 13, 2017 ... organization, sometimes with Gurumayi, sometimes checking up on centers around the U.S. ... “People knew what was being done here,” says Kahan, a professor of law ...","US","2017-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [3721,"Tobacco Industry SCARE Tactics","https://tobacconomics.org/files/research/402/Chaloupka_SRNT_Monograph-Symposium_March-9-2017.pdf","Mar 9, 2017 ... Control of illicit trade in tobacco products, now the subject of its own international treaty, is the key supply-side policy to reduce tobacco use and its ...","Australia","2017-03-09T00:00:00"],
    [3722,"RACE AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES","https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf","Mar 7, 2017 ... The extreme form of this practice is systematic racial profiling in drug-law enforcement. •. Since 1989, more than 1,800 defendants have been cleared in “group ...","US","2017-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [3723,"Disinformation: The Legislative Dilemma. | ICNL","https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/Disinformation-The-Legislative-Dilemma..pdf","Mar 3, 2017 ... Disinformation: The Legislative Dilemma. ... - Misinformation: is the unintentional dissemination of misleading information. ... 1989) in the US Senate. This bill ...","US","2017-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3724,"AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT FOREIGN POLICY WHITE PAPER ...","https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/2283146/Submission-Foreign-Policy-White-Paper-Constitution-Transformation-Network.pdf","Mar 2, 2017 ... There has long been competition in this regard from China, ... which Australia lies ... international law, international humanitarian law, international economic ...","China","2017-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3725,"FOREWORD Contained herein are the policy statements formulated ...","https://www.middletowncityschools.org/cms/lib/NY01913810/Centricity/Domain/4/Middletown%20-%20Enlarged%20City%20SD%20Policy%20Manual%202017-2.pdf","Feb 28, 2017 ... ... Laws. SUBJECT: SCHOOL DISTRICT AND BOARD OF EDUCATION LEGAL STATUS AND. AUTHORITY ... U.S. Armed Forces who served on active duty ... misinformation, and commercial ...","US","2017-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [3726,"Risky Business | Foreign Policy","https://foreignpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/3f1d9-riskybusiness.pdf","Feb 18, 2017 ... In Limited, we explore trends within China-North Korea trade, the largest market exploited by. North Korean overseas networks. Our data shows only 5,233 Chinese ...","China","2017-02-18T00:00:00"],
    [3727,"Fake-News Definition und Rechtslage Sachstand","https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/502158/99feb7f3b7fd1721ab4ea631d8779247/wd-10-003-17-pdf-data.pdf","Feb 17, 2017 ... Unter anderem auf Facebook eingestellte Fake News sollen auch im US-Wahlkampf eine wich- tige Rolle gespielt haben. So hätten zwanzig erfundene Nachrichten ...","US","2017-02-17T00:00:00"],
    [3728,"Statement of Government Policy","https://www.government.se/contentassets/a5301aa719c944d787d82ad2aa5fd974/utrikesdeklarationen-2017-engelska.pdf","Feb 15, 2017 ... China's economy was a quarter of the size it is today. ... One is evil; he is arrogance, ego, lies and despair. ... The foundation of our approach is a desire to ...","China","2017-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3729,"News Media Trust and News Consumption: Factors Related to Trust ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/10141/2745","Feb 15, 2017 ... Most prominently, in the United States, Donald Trump uses the term “fake news” to discredit news media that he does not like. Second, a number of high profile.","Australia","2017-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3730,"LEGITIMIZATION IMPERATIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF CRIME ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26780242","Feb 12, 2017 ... of public administration rules ... (2004), More Damned Lies and Statistics: How Numbers Confuse Public Issues. ... Law Yearbook of China (1987–2015), Law Yearbook ...","China","2017-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3731,"Clickbait: Fake News and Role of the State","https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10220/42108/1/CO17026.pdf","Feb 9, 2017 ... been swayed by fake news ... example is the fake news that Democratic senators in the United States wanted to impose sharia law in Florida. ... China has an ...","China","2017-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [3732,"RUSSIAN INFORMATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE UKRAINIAN ...","https://www.ksk.edu.ee/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Report_infoops_08.02.2017.pdf","Feb 9, 2017 ... for signing the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement.134 This caused riots, civil unrest and demonstrations in Kyiv, which began on the same day in ...","EU","2017-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [3733,"Public knowledge of alternative media in times of algorithmically ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/14614448211021071","Feb 9, 2017 ... Digital Journalism 6(8): 976–989. Fletcher R, Cornia A, Graves L, et al. (2018) Measuring the reach of “fake news” and online disinformation in Europe.","EU","2017-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [3734,"Subverting Reality: The Role of Propaganda in 21st Century ...","https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/889a9485-eabd-40eb-a561-0eb056fc715d/content","Feb 8, 2017 ... European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENCE. 228. CHAD W. FITZGERALD AND AARON F. BRANTLY ...","EU","2017-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [3735,"Making a fair contribution: government response to the consultation ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a80d533ed915d74e33fcaa8/Cons_Response_cost_recovery.pdf","Feb 6, 2017 ... legislative changes beyond those set out in the Charging Regulations ... • The country of applicable legislation: EU Social Security Coordination Regulations mean ...","EU","2017-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [3736,"From Partisan Media to Misperception: Affective Polarization as ...","https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-pdf/69/5/490/32963035/jqz028.pdf","Feb 6, 2017 ... The rise of so-called. “fake news” represents the most obvious way that politically biased news coverage can lead individuals to endorse falsehoods. News ...","US","2017-02-06T00:00:00"],
    [3737,"USE OF BEHAVIOURAL INSIGHTS IN CONSUMER POLICY","https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/CP(2016)3/FINAL&docLanguage=En","Feb 2, 2017 ... Anne-Lise Sibony (Professor of EU Law, University of. Louvain), Dr. Andrew Stivers (Deputy Director for Consumer Protection in the Bureau of Economics at the ...","EU","2017-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [3738,"RESPONDING TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND IDENTITY FRAUD ...","https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/e17198d5-a082-4747-b7e9-9ab1fb90347b/lgr-national-security-identity-fraud-20170202.pdf","Feb 2, 2017 ... It unpacks and addresses some of the stereotypes and misinformation ... India, Nepal, and Pakistan)24 and in Australia and New Zealand. ... • There is no evidence ...","Australia","2017-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [3739,"Fog of Falsehood: Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in ...","https://www.fiia.fi/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/fiiareport45_fogoffalsehood.pdf","Jan 31, 2017 ... accident (misinformation). It is not always easy ... and people's legal right to hold meetings. In ... EU association agreement with Ukraine was predominant.","EU","2017-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [3740,"Responsibility to Protect","https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1093624/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Jan 29, 2017 ... lies with the national authorities of states to protect its citizens. ... 161 During the same time, several draft resolutions were however again vetoed by. China ...","China","2017-01-29T00:00:00"],
    [3741,"“Truth or Scandal: Ethics Update for the Virgin Islands”","https://www.vid.uscourts.gov/sites/vid/files/VIEthicsUpdate2017.pdf","Jan 28, 2017 ... (B) Retired judges;. (C) Judicial law clerks;. (D) ... United States, 486 U.S. 153. (1988). Page 13. 12 ... concerned about misinformation in his case. ➢ What can ...","US","2017-01-28T00:00:00"],
    [3742,"gm's code of conduct - winning with integrity","https://investor.gm.com/static-files/265a1dc0-adc5-4d38-ab41-2c58e575692d","Jan 24, 2017 ... Can I respond in the comment section to correct this misinformation? ... as required by law and regulation. NOT AN ... www.eu.speakupforsafety.gm.com. Contents.","EU","2017-01-24T00:00:00"],
    [3743,"Inoculating the Public Against Misinformation About Climate Change","https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Inoculation-article-Global-Challenges.pdf","Jan 23, 2017 ... Note: US population 2013 census estimates. Age (median). Political party affilia- tion estimate by Pew (2013). www.global-challenges.com.","US","2017-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [3744,"Honors Thesis: Breakfast Cereals and Their Use of Misleading ...","https://www.ramapo.edu/honors/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2019/08/Brentnall-TAS-2017-1.pdf","Jan 23, 2017 ... The federal trade commission found these claims illegal, violating federal law and told Kellogg's that they cannot write untrue claims ​(​Kellogg Settles ...","US","2017-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [3745,"Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change","https://d-nb.info/1269823981/34","Jan 23, 2017 ... Two studies were conducted to answer these research ques- tions. In the first study, we used a nationally representative probability sample of the US population ...","US","2017-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [3746,"MEDIA MANIPULATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR IN UKRAINE ...","https://ceswp.uaic.ro/articles/CESWP2016_VIII4_SAA.pdf","Jan 20, 2017 ... Researcher, The Institute of Legal and Political Research, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, e-mail: ... EU countries as well as in Moldova and Ukraine, to prevent.","EU","2017-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [3747,"countering misinformation in the health care system: the case for ...","https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/cdozo41&section=34","Jan 20, 2017 ... 'The only consumer protections available to those folks are just what federal law provides,' Ma says.\"); see Is Your. Health Plan Self-Insured?, supra note 92.","US","2017-01-20T00:00:00"],
    [3748,"Making Informed Consent an Informed Choice: Training for Health ...","https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/audio-script-healthcare-professionals-training.pdf","Jan 19, 2017 ... and their benefits, harms, and risks; and is not required by law or court order to undergo treatment. Additional information on case law, informed consent of ...","US","2017-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [3749,"Factive and non-factive mental state attribution","https://philarchive.org/archive/JENFAN-2","Jan 19, 2017 ... ... us to describe actions in these terms. In ... When one makes the instinctive judgment that ... Success on misinformation tasks is also enabled by factive mental ...","US","2017-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [3750,"Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election","https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23089/revisions/w23089.rev0.pdf","Jan 18, 2017 ... ... judgment and, eventually, the whole political process. ... We present results both for the top 690 U.S. news sites and for. 65 fake news sites. ... Table 3: Rates ...","US","2017-01-18T00:00:00"],
    [3751,"STRATEGIC SABOTAGE","https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/mdn-dnd/D2-440-2021-eng.pdf","Jan 17, 2017 ... the global scale required due to regulatory and legal obstacles. ... EU announced plans to establish CERTs for EU institutions, hold multinational.","EU","2017-01-17T00:00:00"],
    [3752,"Misuse of market Power In Australia, some 6000 dairy farmers ...","https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/D17%2017336%20%20Dairy%20Inquiry%20-%20Submissions%20-%20Submission%20by%20Dr%20James%20Neal%20-%209%20February%202017.pdf","Jan 15, 2017 ... Increased legislative powers to the ACCC. Introduce strong legislation that addresses the market failure in supermarket and liquid milk processing sector and ...","Australia","2017-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3753,"The Challenge That's Bigger Than Fake News: Civic Reasoning in a ...","https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/media/2017/ae_fall2017.pdf","Jan 12, 2017 ... They can—and many do— discriminate, because private schools do not follow federal civil rights laws. They drain funds from public schools and increase racial.","US","2017-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [3754,"Fake News Package, American Educator, Vol. 41, No. 3, Fall 2017 ...","https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/media/2017/ae_fall2017_fake-news.pdf","Jan 12, 2017 ... Like the rest of us, fact check- ers relied on Google. ... judgment on an unfamiliar website. Even on ... He has been an educator for 12 years. Real Teaching in an ...","US","2017-01-12T00:00:00"],
    [3755,"Droit public «Fake news» :","https://ifrdroit.ut-capitole.fr/medias/fichier/memoire-def-clairerossi-2_1563467925317-pdf?ID_FICHE=81664&INLINE=FALSE","Jan 10, 2017 ... accru après les diffusions massives de « fake news » qui ont eu court durant le référendum britannique de sortie ... souple, dits de « soft law », tels que les ...","EU","2017-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [3756,"On the Justification of Paternalism","https://www.jstor.org/stable/23558980","Jan 7, 2017 ... misinformation tends to bring about the deceived person's not ... Let us have a look at the premises. The liberty ... legislation requiring the wearing of ...","US","2017-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [3757,"Fake News, (Dis)information, and the Principle of Nonintervention","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26846129","Jan 6, 2017 ... ... treaty law or of customary international law—that ... public awareness of disinformation activities by foreign powers and improving the EU's capac-.","EU","2017-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [3758,"Democracy Beyond Disclosure: Secrecy, Transparency, and the ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/BRUDBD-3","Jan 1, 2017 ... campaign of misinformation, or ... Creates Opacity: What Happens When EU Ministers ... “Decision Rules and Conduct Rules: On Acoustic Separation in Criminal Law.","EU","2017-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [3759,"Alternative Facts and the Post-Truth Society: Meeting the Challenge","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=penn_law_review_online","Dec 30, 2016 ... Law Center; Ph.D. (law), University of Cambridge ... 4 Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357, 377 (1927) ... debunk misinformation. We present facts and ...","US","2016-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [3760,"Disinformation Operations Aimed at (Democratic) Elections in the ...","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/06EC1508A391ED663F694A42E1DAF177/S0731126519000283a.pdf/disinformation-operations-aimed-at-democratic-elections-in-the-context-of-public-international-law-the-conduct-of-the-internet-research-agency-during-the-2016-us-presidential-election.pdf","Dec 29, 2016 ... The conduct of the Internet Research Agency during the 2016. US presidential election provides the case study for the legal analysis. This part provides an ...","US","2016-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [3761,"Consumer Damages in Product Misrepresentation Cases","https://www.aeaweb.org/conference/2017/preliminary/paper/Ktt57h44","Dec 27, 2016 ... (and federal law) also govern warranties, but the ... This can be the case for a large number of reasons, including strategic misinformation ... 4 Sales of German- ...","US","2016-12-27T00:00:00"],
    [3762,"Eri-News Issue 60 draft.pub","http://www.eritreaembassy-japan.org/data/Eri-News-Issue-1.60.pdf","Dec 21, 2016 ... cooperation partnerships with the UN and EU are ... Periodic disinformation on Eritrea will not serve the interests ... Eritrean nationals residing in the UK and ...","EU","2016-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [3763,"OIC Media Strategy in Countering Islamophobia and its ...","https://www.oic-oci.org/docdown/?docID=7&refID=2","Dec 21, 2016 ... These campaigns should be well designed providing a true picture about the different aspects of Islam and dispel any misconceptions and misinformation. In ...","US","2016-12-21T00:00:00"],
    [3764,"THE PRESS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE OF FREE ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43951022","Dec 20, 2016 ... China.28. The framers of the Constitution did not ... legislative judgment in such cases can only be dictated by their sense ... must be morally worthy of ...","China","2016-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [3765,"Policy & Procedure Manual","https://www.spokanecounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/11929/Policy-Manual-as-of-August-25-2023?bidId=","Dec 20, 2016 ... Most federal and certain congressional employees are also covered by the law but are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Office of Personnel. Management ...","US","2016-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [3766,"Spoliation of Evidence and Medical Malpractice","https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1381&context=plr","Dec 20, 2016 ... United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisi- ana found no authority under Louisiana law to support a claim for the independent tort of ...","US","2016-12-20T00:00:00"],
    [3767,"How to Combat Fake News in Social Media: A Technopolitical ...","https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/downloads/1544bp740?filename=Technical_Thesis_Lee_Kane_2020_BS.pdf","Dec 15, 2016 ... provide insight to the roles and responsibilities of these actors in regulation of misinformation through social media. Literature Review. One well-known ...","EU","2016-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3768,"The Amplification of Exaggerated and False News on Social Media ...","https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/384226947/ChadwickEtalABS2022TheAmplificationOfExaggerated.pdf","Dec 15, 2016 ... amplification, misinformation, disinformation, Instagram, motivations, affect, ideology, ... during the 2016 US ... Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 407–424. Kim ...","US","2016-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3769,"Public Policy Platform of","https://www.nami.org/getattachment/About-NAMI/Policy-Platform/Public-Policy-Platform-up-to-12-09-16.pdf","Dec 15, 2016 ... Campaigns of misinformation, stigma and fear must not stand in the way of ... Adults in the U.S. ... the enactment of federal and state legislation and the adoption ...","US","2016-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [3770,"Usurping Double-Ending Fraud in Real Estate Transactions via ...","https://www.torontomu.ca/content/dam/tedrogersschool/cybersecurity-research-lab/Publications/Research_Papers/Blockchain/real_estate_transactions.pdf","Dec 9, 2016 ... RexMLS is a US and. Australia-based property listing platform that has plans to expand their scope to enable property transactions globally (Gallagher, 2017) ...","Australia","2016-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [3771,"Social Media and Trust in Government","http://interparestrust.org/assets/public/dissemination/NA05_20161209_SocialMediaTrust_Phase1_FinalReport.pdf","Dec 9, 2016 ... policies, procedures, regulations, standards and legislation ... A survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in August 2015 revealed trust in the US federal.","US","2016-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [3772,"Strategic Policy Panel Report","https://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/27795/10-by-20-Strategic-Policy-Panel-Report.pdf","Dec 8, 2016 ... Currently there is much confusion and misinformation ... • Sue Christophers, Anglicare South Australia. • Katrina Dee ... • Tony Kerin, Law Society of South ...","Australia","2016-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [3773,"Detection of Fraudulent Tweets: An Empirical Investigation Using ...","https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10095445","Dec 8, 2016 ... U.S. presidential election. To understand ... The network follows a power-law distribution (α=2.18). ... ACM WSDM,. Workshop on Misinformation and Misbehavior ...","US","2016-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [3774,"A Reasoned Approach to Dealing With Fake News","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2372732218814855","Dec 7, 2016 ... In some countries, laws pro- hibit public statements of racial hatred or insults toward law enforcement officers. The European Union has recently begun to ...","EU","2016-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [3775,"SILENCING TURKEY'S MEDIA","https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/turkey1216_web.pdf","Dec 5, 2016 ... Since the scandal, the AKP government has taken legal steps against journalists, media workers and media executives with alleged ties to the Gülen movement ...","EU","2016-12-05T00:00:00"],
    [3776,"Early alert system for fake news | MaxPlanckResearch 4/2018 ...","https://www.mpg.de/12605067/F001_Focus_020-025.pdf","Dec 4, 2016 ... fake news on social media platforms. ... While. Curb considers all users to be equally reliable, Detective aims to identify us-.","US","2016-12-04T00:00:00"],
    [3777,"ANALYSIS OF RUSSIA'S INFORMATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/russian_information_campaign_public_12012016fin.pdf","Dec 1, 2016 ... legislative initiatives like the Federal Law on the ... 28. BRIC refers to Brazil, Russia, India and China which ... public relations, propaganda and misinformation ...","China","2016-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [3778,"Senior Advocate Fraud Education (SAFE) Program","https://proseniors.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Senior-Advocate-Fraud-Education-SAFE-Toolkit-OAG.pdf","Nov 30, 2016 ... Fair Credit Billing Act: This federal law gives consumers the right to dispute unauthorized credit card charges of more than $50 with their credit card provider ...","US","2016-11-30T00:00:00"],
    [3779,"Climate Change Deniers: The Misinformation Campaigns Spread by ...","https://faculty.etsu.edu/odonnell/2016fall/engl1028/student_essays/climate_change_denial.pdf","Nov 29, 2016 ... These pieces of legislation are written by corporate lobbyists. And ALEC raised most of its funding from the fossil fuel industry. The Heartland Institute and ...","US","2016-11-29T00:00:00"],
    [3780,"Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and ...","https://www.hafricah.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Psychological-Science-in-the-Public-Interest-2012-Lewandowsky-106-31.pdf","Nov 22, 2016 ... There is consid- erable legal and scientific evidence for this process in at least two arenas—namely, industry-based responses to the health consequences of ...","EU","2016-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [3781,"ITASCA COUNTY SOCIAL MEDIA POLICY","https://www.co.itasca.mn.us/DocumentCenter/View/3879/Social-Media-Policy","Nov 22, 2016 ... To protect our company and employees from violating Municipal, State or Federal rules, regulations or laws through social media channels. DEFINITIONS. 1. Social ...","US","2016-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [3782,"FAKE NEWS AND WHAT WE CAN DO ABOUT IT","https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/fake-news-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.pdf","Nov 18, 2016 ... For instance, the Boston Tribune site wrongly claimed that President Obama's mother-in-law was going to get a lifetime government pension for having babysat her ...","US","2016-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [3783,"This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories ...","https://newsmediauk.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Buzzfeed-_This_Analysis_Shows_How_Viral_Fake_Election_News_Stories_Outperformed_Real_News_On_Facebook_-_BuzzFeed_News.pdf","Nov 16, 2016 ... In the final three months of the US presidential campaign, the top-performing fake ... misinformation and fact-checking. “Even if they ... The story from Winning.","US","2016-11-16T00:00:00"],
    [3784,"PAY TRANSPARENCY: WHAT IT IS AND WHY YOU SHOULD ...","https://vwl.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Pay-transparency-What-it-is-and-why-you-should-care-about-it-Fact-sheet-1.pdf","Nov 15, 2016 ... Women working full time in Australia are paid 17% less than their male counterparts.1. A woman working full time in the legal sector earns 19% less.","Australia","2016-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3785,"MEDIA RELATIONS POLICY","https://usanz.org.au/publicassets/ffe22032-fd64-eb11-90fc-0050568796d8/PolSEC_MediaRelationsPolicyGuidelinesProcedure2015.pdf","Nov 15, 2016 ... patients within the confines of law.”2. 4. Legal & Policy Framework. Royal Australian College of Surgeons (RACS) Code of Conduct · RACS Handling Potential ...","Australia","2016-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3786,"Public Media and Public Expectation of Service Delivery ...","https://www.multiresearch.net/cms/publications/CFP5052017.pdf","Nov 15, 2016 ... Zambia can borrow from the experience of countries such as the UK, Australia, and the USA in reforming media laws and implementing germane policies which will ...","Australia","2016-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3787,"Fake News and Scandal","https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=communication_faculty_pubs","Nov 15, 2016 ... Thinking about fake news in terms of intellectual misunderstandings or oversights allows us also to connect it with larger theories of scandal, media, and the ...","US","2016-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3788,"SPECIAL REPORT ESPIONAGE | The Economist","http://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/20161112_espionage.pdf","Nov 12, 2016 ... This could have consequences. China has put forward a. “new security concept” in which international law is subordi- nate to national interests. In June the ...","China","2016-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [3789,"Combating Tourism-related Corruption: Effective Countermeasures ...","https://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/2016/2016-II-full/s3/19.pdf","Nov 11, 2016 ... ... us/our-two-methodologies/icrg. Page 3. Review ... • Misinformation / Intransparency /. Hidden Costs: Incidents ... legal support helpline) could significantly ...","US","2016-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [3790,"Alleged Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election ...","https://czasopisma.uwm.edu.pl/index.php/sp/article/download/5021/5929/20123","Nov 10, 2016 ... ... misinformation campaign's influence on in ... video Convention and the Helsinki Final Act ... US presidential election violate prohibition of non-intervention under ...","US","2016-11-10T00:00:00"],
    [3791,"Emerging Issues in Challenging the Basic Presumption of Reliance","https://www.wiley.law/media/publication/282_2016NovemberPLUSEJournal.pdf","Nov 9, 2016 ... China and Germany. Dr. Norton has more than ... future legal action. Because this practice is so ... defendant's misrepresentation because that misrepresentation ...","China","2016-11-09T00:00:00"],
    [3792,"Why librarians can't fight fake news","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/42517488/Why%20Librarians%20Cant%20Fight%20Fake%20News.pdf?sequence=1","Nov 8, 2016 ... This article provides an overview of the library and information science approach to misinformation in the United States, discusses the shortcomings of that ...","US","2016-11-08T00:00:00"],
    [3793,"CURRENT ECONOMIC WARFARE","https://msed.vse.cz/msed_2016/article/101-krc-Miroslav-paper.pdf","Nov 7, 2016 ... See Sanctions Policy at: http://eeas.europa.eu/cfsp/sanctions/index_en.htm. ... legal or illegal means. It is a form of ... • Propaganda or the intentional use of ...","EU","2016-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [3794,"Disguised propaganda from digital to social media","https://mau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1419799/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 8, 2016 ... Keywords: disguised propaganda, manipulation, disinformation, fake news, de- ception, social media. Introduction. @cj_panirman: RT @realDonaldTrump: Time to # ...","US","2016-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [3795,"The Nature and Origins of Misperceptions:","https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/25801/1/Flynn%20Nyhan%20Reifler%20Advances.pdf","Oct 31, 2016 ... ing law (Aronow and Miller 2016). Similarly, a ... EU, EU administrative costs, and others (Ipsos MORI 2016). ... misinformation and presents serious challenges ...","EU","2016-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [3796,"Anti-Bribery Policy and Compliance Guidance for African Companies","https://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/Anti-Bribery-Policy-and-Compliance-Guidance-for-African-Companies-EN.pdf","Oct 28, 2016 ... While the legal framework is changing in many African countries with the enactment of anti-cor- ruption laws, the setting up of dedicated anti-corruption ...","China","2016-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [3797,"Unsolicited communication, claims companies and your personal ...","https://cmsprod.diamondresorts.com/sites/default/files/DFECL_DRFOC_Claims_companies_advice_Apr_17.pdf","Oct 28, 2016 ... factual exposition in order to counter the misinformation ... our members have advised us that they have been subjected to. ... Indeed the previous UK legislation ( ...","US","2016-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [3798,"WHAT IS VOTER INTIMIDATION? WHO CAN I REPORT ...","https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_pdf_file/kyr-voterintimidation-v03.pdf","Oct 26, 2016 ... Federal law says that \"no person … shall intimidate, threaten, coerce … any ... • The U.S. Department of Justice Voting Rights Hotline: 800-253-3931; TTY ...","US","2016-10-26T00:00:00"],
    [3799,"PSM Contribution to Democracy: News, Editorial Standards and ...","https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/123353/1/PSM%20Contribution%20to%20Democracy_June2019.pdf","Oct 21, 2016 ... As many legal disputes have shown, public ... dedicated time to covering both the local and EU election campaigns. ... At a time when concerns are mounting about ...","EU","2016-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [3800,"Psychographics on Steroids: The Attacks on Democratic Governments","https://d-nb.info/1267609893/34","Oct 19, 2016 ... A report written by Symnatec says that the efforts of disinformation were even more sophisticated during the 2019 EU elections for parliament. “Experts ...","EU","2016-10-19T00:00:00"],
    [3801,"Social change and public engagement with policy and evidence","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1700/RR1750/RAND_RR1750.pdf","Oct 17, 2016 ... It is clear that public discourse can be poisoned by misinformation as much as by wilful distrust. ... EU membership. ... What Regulation, Who Pays?: Public opinion ...","EU","2016-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [3802,"Benefit 'myths'? The accuracy and inaccuracy of public beliefs about ...","https://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/cp/casepaper199.pdf","Oct 17, 2016 ... 1834 Poor Law and beyond ... Finally, this leads us back to the 'mythbusters' with which we began. ... Misinformation and the Currency of Democratic Citizenship.","US","2016-10-17T00:00:00"],
    [3803,"A Benchmark Dataset of Check-Worthy Factual Claims","https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/download/7346/7200/10576","Oct 9, 2016 ... Misinformation is a growing problem around the ... We don't want to overreact, as the federal regulators have in my judgment, on good ... In this paper, we present ...","US","2016-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [3804,"Ethics of Communications Research:(I) Treatment of Research ...","https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED253906.pdf","Oct 8, 2016 ... misinformation. I think it speaks well for the ... judgMent of value? ... We are needed as never before. Let us get ,on with the york that will bring us into our ...","US","2016-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [3805,"BRIEFING NOTE FOR GOVERNMENTS FOR INFORMATION ...","http://ourhorizon.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Briefing-Note-Climate-Change-and-Air-Pollution-Disclosure-Labels-for-Gas-Pumps-Our-Horizon.pdf","Oct 6, 2016 ... Legal report, video lecture, TEDx talk, and other resources are available at www.ourhorizon.org. The Labels: • 3” by 3” stickers on gas pump nozzles that are ...","US","2016-10-06T00:00:00"],
    [3806,"Myths and Misunderstandings: Understanding Opposition to The ...","https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Myths-and-Misunderstandings-PREVENT-Report-Final-29.09.2016.pdf","Oct 5, 2016 ... These efforts began with a campaign to prevent the act from becoming law in the first ... eu-west-. 1 ... Ensuring staff are properly equipped to challenge the ...","EU","2016-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [3807,"China Investment Corporation: A Perspective on Accountability","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40708083","Oct 4, 2016 ... investment regimes. I. Introduction. This article explores selective problems, from a legal viewpoint, of the China Invest- ment ...","China","2016-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [3808,"US strategic communication to counter foreign propaganda","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/589812/EPRS_BRI(2016)589812_EN.pdf","Oct 3, 2016 ... disinformation and propaganda. ... Supporters assert that the law rightfully protects US citizens from manipulation by their own government, while critics claim ...","EU","2016-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [3809,"Fake News and Propaganda: A Critical Discourse Research ...","https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opis-2019-0014/pdf","Sep 30, 2016 ... future misinformation, even if the misinformation is ... Law-breaking, or True vs. Fake). Special mention ... Retrieved October 1, 2017, from https://eavi.eu ...","EU","2016-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [3810,"What is a Perceptual Mistake?","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43853038","Sep 28, 2016 ... and misinformation have similar objective existence (on Gib ... are now looking for those features which may enable us to detect in ... - it is this law of m.","US","2016-09-28T00:00:00"],
    [3811,"Message from the President","https://www.flta.org/resources/Documents/Newsletters-Publications/2016/Newsletter%203%20fINAL%209.29.16.pdf","Sep 27, 2016 ... Let us not forget the Legislature is in session ... The Florida Bankers Association and the Business Law Section and the Real Property, Probate and Trust Law ...","US","2016-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [3812,"Policing 2020 | Policy Exchange","https://policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/policing-2020-1.pdf","Sep 27, 2016 ... To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment. 2. To recognise always that the power ...","US","2016-09-27T00:00:00"],
    [3813,"Clarification against The Misinformation","https://www.korindo.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/KORINDO-ClarificationENG.pdf","Sep 23, 2016 ... According to the government regulation, business permission for new palm plantation registration cannot be granted without at least 3 public hearings that are ...","Australia","2016-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [3814,"Informed consent and failure to disclose – legal perspectives for ...","https://www.thepmfajournal.com/media/2697/pmfaon16-consent-khoo-mazzarone.pdf","Sep 18, 2016 ... Two 1972 cases in the USA,. Canterbury vs. Spence [7] and Cobbs vs. Grant [8], shifted the paradigm of the inquiry from doctor to patient by.","US","2016-09-18T00:00:00"],
    [3815,"Information","https://www.fsai.ie/getmedia/d630011d-26ff-4189-84a3-5ec44d926b6c/management-of-outbreaks-protocol-2016-final-no-contacts.pdf?ext=.pdf","Sep 15, 2016 ... within the industry is lively, often with misinformation. ... enforcement of national and EU legislation which deal with ... Agreement Act 1999 and the North-South ...","EU","2016-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [3816,"RUSSIAN INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDAWAR: SOME ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/volodymyr_ogrysko_article_12-09-2016.pdf","Sep 12, 2016 ... The latter is a planned, well-coordinated and well-funded disinformation ... through the Association Agreement with the EU and ... ― by legal means to reduce the ...","EU","2016-09-12T00:00:00"],
    [3817,"False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder ...","https://www.uscourts.gov/file/22734/download","Sep 8, 2016 ... of misinformation and misunderstanding about. ARAIs. ... Taken together, the two aspects of this figure show us that, despite the conclusions of Angwin et al.","US","2016-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [3818,"Eisenhower Revisionism","https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405936","Sep 3, 2016 ... and China. So it talked about \"unleashing\" Chiang ... America's future lies down the middle of the road between the ... of judgment.\"15. Yet all three of these ...","China","2016-09-03T00:00:00"],
    [3819,"ethics in the news","https://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ejn-ethics-in-the-news.pdf","Aug 31, 2016 ... Second,. “bureaucrats” don't make EU laws – the. Commission proposes them and the. European Parliament and Council of the EU pass them. So there was no “new.","EU","2016-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3820,"Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online","https://posiel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Media-Manipulation-and-Disinformation-Online-1.pdf","Aug 31, 2016 ... Poe's Law. A very successful troll plays with ... MISINFORMATION. “Fake news ... “Bots, #StrongerIn, and #Brexit: Computational. Propaganda during the UK-EU ...","EU","2016-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3821,"INFORMATION TO USERS","https://mccfulbrighthays2016.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/cambodian-arts-at-the-age-of-restoration-1918-200.pdf","Aug 31, 2016 ... regulation, despite Groslier's claims to the contrary. ... decisions to taken be based on misinformation. ... E U „ <*? I. ^ i. ' L v ' V. ' : i ; f H -. _ :- \\ j z ...","EU","2016-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3822,"Chapter 7 Exploiting Information Power: Rules for Inside, Outside ...","https://ccameron.scholar.princeton.edu/document/42","Aug 30, 2016 ... congressmen see the world, the basics of the legislative process, and legal restrictions on lobbying. ... Die: Misinformation in the Health Care Reform Debate.","China","2016-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [3823,"How Sudden Censorship Can Increase Access to Information","http://www.margaretroberts.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/selfiecensorship.pdf","Aug 30, 2016 ... Right: Page views for Chinese language Wikipedia pages blocked in China. ... Private Truths, Public Lies: The ... In Routledge Handbook of Media Law, ed. Monroe E ...","China","2016-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [3824,"Government subsidy and firms at a high risk of delisting: evidence ...","https://econfin.massey.ac.nz/school/documents/seminarseries/manawatu/Z%20Li%20complete%20copy%202016_08_28.pdf","Aug 28, 2016 ... Journal of Financial Economics 77, 453-479. Du, J., Xu, C., 2009. Which firms went public in China? A study of financial Market regulation.","China","2016-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [3825,"The Mainstream Misrepresentation of Muslim Women in the Media","https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=islamandwomen","Aug 28, 2016 ... The mere sight of a women with a scarf draped over her hair allowed me, and allows much of. America, to assume a great deal about about the woman behind the ...","US","2016-08-28T00:00:00"],
    [3826,"U.S. policy dilemma Edited by Bernard H. Oxman, David D. Caron ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40202254","Aug 24, 2016 ... international law and simple misinformation have led an important. Page 3. 552 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL element within the United States administration to ...","US","2016-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [3827,"Dangers of “Ballot Security” Operations: Preventing Intimidation ...","https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/analysis/Briefing_Memo_Ballot_Security_Voter_Intimidation.pdf","Aug 18, 2016 ... 19 Federal law also prohibits U.S. military ... Other abusive practices include raw attempts to deceive voters, deliberately providing misinformation about an ...","US","2016-08-18T00:00:00"],
    [3828,"The Politics of Anonymity","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/84586995.pdf","Aug 15, 2016 ... law on providing electronic services, which is an implementation of EU law, removes the liability for the illegal content posted on the site by third ...","EU","2016-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3829,"Exaggerated News Headlines And The Continued Influence Effect","https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2143&context=etd","Aug 15, 2016 ... ... legal team seeking redress for parents who believed their children were ... misinformation—that is, can a headline alone act as a piece of misinformation?","Australia","2016-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3830,"Strategies of ideological polarisation in the online news media: A ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0957926520961634","Aug 15, 2016 ... stories that perpetuate hearsay, rumors, and misinformation ... Balfas HM (2014) The Indonesian law on electronic information and transactions. ... PhD Thesis, ...","Australia","2016-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [3831,"Real \"Fake News\" and Fake \"Fake News\"","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/214394980.pdf","Aug 10, 2016 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty and Deans at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been ...","China","2016-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [3832,"Poor news: BBC misleads humanity on goals and progress","http://millenniumdeclaration.org/BBCpoverty.pdf","Aug 8, 2016 ... ... judgment\" does not take into account the point ... misinformation that easier 1990-baseline MDGs are ... EU,. OECD,. World Bank. - some of which have clearly ...","EU","2016-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [3833,"Presumed Incompetent: The Intersections of Race and Class for ...","https://www.dickinson.edu/download/downloads/id/6465/chapter_30_presumed_incompetent_lessons_from_the_experiences_of_women_of_color_working_in_academia.pdf","Aug 3, 2016 ... In addition, be aware of what state and federal laws permit and require; you may need to correct misinformation on these matters, especially if you serve on ...","US","2016-08-03T00:00:00"],
    [3834,"Winning the Information War | LSE","https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/archives/winning-the-information-war-full-report-pdf.pdf","Aug 1, 2016 ... Nor is Russia unique. Neo-authoritarian states and nonstate groups across the world aggressively employ disinformation. China is using its “Three Warfares” ...","China","2016-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [3835,"the impact of counter-narratives | isd","https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Impact-of-Counter-Narratives_ONLINE_1.pdf","Aug 1, 2016 ... [ExitUSA]: We turned our backed on fear, misinformation, insecurity, and being disconnected from the world around us. When you begin to question the lies ...","US","2016-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [3836,"Sample Warning Letter to Companies Making False Claims on Their ...","https://www.huntonprivacyblog.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2016/07/160714apecwarningltr.pdf","Jul 31, 2016 ... United States of America. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. WASHINGTON, DC 20580. Bureau ... legal- · resources?type ... participation; and (2) contact us within 45 days ...","US","2016-07-31T00:00:00"],
    [3837,"Countering Extremist Speech Online","https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Goldfien-and-Woolslayer-Countering-Extremist-Speech-Online-A-Report-to-the-Department-of-State.pdf","Jul 28, 2016 ... Stanford Law School: Law &. Policy Lab. Countering Extremist Speech Online. A Report to the Bureau of Conflict & Stabilization Operations. U.S. Department of ...","US","2016-07-28T00:00:00"],
    [3838,"Due process paranoia and the procedural judgment rule: a safe ...","https://www.praguerules.com/upload/iblock/882/88256e5a0d39997b4d6ec9be17303671.pdf","Jul 20, 2016 ... 56 Pacific China Holdings Ltd (In Liquidation) v Grand Pacific Holdings Ltd [2012] 4 HKLRD 1, para 68. (Hong Kong Court of Appeal 2012). 57 Judgment of 28 ...","China","2016-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [3839,"The Volkswagen Emissions and Toyota Recall Scandal: An ...","https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/34256/Aron-Handreke.pdf","Jul 20, 2016 ... The software activates certain emission controls only during emissions testing. Thereby,. Volkswagen violated federal law in the United States and Europe, ...","US","2016-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [3840,"MISLEADING APPEARANCES IN THE TORT OF DECEIT","https://www.jstor.org/stable/26291141","Jul 15, 2016 ... \"Reforming Tort Law in Australia: A Personal Perspective\" (2003) 27 Melb.Univ.L.Rev. 649, 671. Page 11. C.L.J.. Misleading Appearances ...","Australia","2016-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [3841,"FULL REPORT A POLICY PERSPECTIVE EUROPEAN DIGITAL ...","https://eit.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eit-digital-data-sovereignty-full-report.pdf","Jul 12, 2016 ... One advantage of China, besides the fact that tech giants are less constrained by regulation provided they do as told by the government, resides in ...","China","2016-07-12T00:00:00"],
    [3842,"Balancing versus bandwagoning : the strategic dilemma of ...","https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1017&context=pol_etd","Jul 9, 2016 ... international laws, including the United Nations Convention on the Law ... regulatory rules to engage China. As analysed ... 'From Turkey to China - What Lies Ahead ...","China","2016-07-09T00:00:00"],
    [3843,"Accuracy in Journalism: An Economic Approach","https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=econ_facpub","Jul 5, 2016 ... Hence, people will suffer from erroneous belief, or misinformation, if newspapers in fact present falsehoods (or half-truths). What are the factors, then, that ...","US","2016-07-05T00:00:00"],
    [3844,"FOREWORD The policy statements in this document were adopted ...","https://www.oregon.gov/osd/about-us/Documents/OSD%20Policy%20Manual.pdf","Jul 1, 2016 ... The OSBA Policy Manual and individual policies are protected by United States Copyright laws. You must treat the manual and policies like any other copyrighted ...","US","2016-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [3845,"The fraud-on-the-market theory and the indicators of common stocks ...","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56282f2ae4b06b50e93efd7c/t/5644ec5de4b0c545b2eef46e/1447357533496/JCL+Fraud+on+the+Market.pdf","Jun 28, 2016 ... the information (including misinformation) that is publicly available about securities. ... In legal parlance this argument came to be known ... United States, 406 ...","US","2016-06-28T00:00:00"],
    [3846,"Collective rumor correction on the death hoax of a political figure in ...","https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4610&context=sis_research","Jun 27, 2016 ... ... act as conduits of misinformation and rumor in times of crisis, studies ... Technology, Australia. Retrieved on 26 April 2016 from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/48241 ...","Australia","2016-06-27T00:00:00"],
    [3847,"Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men","https://d-pdf.com/electronic-book/33","Jun 24, 2016 ... misinformation.' As for family planning, Tin ... ran through EU regulatory crash-test requirements. ... legal redress. In the workplace it is often women, like ...","EU","2016-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [3848,"Political testimony","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1470594X18798062","Jun 23, 2016 ... ... judgment of legal scholars, economists ... remaining in the European Union (EU). Based on ... development: if various parties are sufficiently effective at ...","EU","2016-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [3849,"Partisanship, Propaganda and Post-Truth Politics: Quantifying ...","https://webscience-journal.net/webscience/article/download/84/68/307","Jun 22, 2016 ... misinformation and fake news during elections (Vosoughi et al., ... EU ref- erendum, voteremain, bremain, no2eu ... quite a subtle judgment call. Several British ...","EU","2016-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3850,"MANAGING THIRD PARTY RISK: | Transparency International UK","https://www.transparency.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdf/publications/TI-UK-Managing-Third-Party-Risk_0.pdf","Jun 20, 2016 ... For example, identifying individual subjects in China by name alone is next to impossible. ... The lack of take up of audit rights often lies ... consult with the ...","China","2016-06-19T00:00:00"],
    [3851,"National Policy Priorities and Recommendations of the Anti ...","https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/platform-submission-2016.pdf","Jun 15, 2016 ... ... Australia, South Africa and ... Legislative, legal and financial responses to hate on the Internet must be studied. ... An immigration policy must strive to protect ...","Australia","2016-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [3852,"An American Strategy for Cyberspace","https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/American-Strategy-for-Cyperspace.pdf","Jun 14, 2016 ... Make clear that the US would retaliate against overly aggressive implementation of the Chinese. National Security Law. • Prosecute Chinese censorship through ...","China","2016-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [3853,"Information warfare technologies in political discourse","https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2016/06/shsconf_rptss2016_01048.pdf","Jun 14, 2016 ... The EU proceeds with saving face of a humane referee, supports legal taboo in the international arena, and applies a \"double standards\" technique. Russia uses \" ...","EU","2016-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [3854,"Media Failures in the Age of Trump","https://polecom.org/index.php/polecom/article/viewFile/74/264","Jun 15, 2016 ... highly commercialized societies such as the US ... widespread misinformation disseminated via Facebook is a legitimate concern. ... Beyond self-regulation, external ...","US","2016-06-14T00:00:00"],
    [3855,"The Truth About Trade: What Critics Get Wrong About the Global ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43946935","Jun 13, 2016 ... lem, one that lies at the ... produces relatively efficiently (from aircraft to soybeans to legal ... imports from China displaced as many as 982,000 workers in ...","China","2016-06-13T00:00:00"],
    [3856,"Bots, #StrongerIn, and #Brexit: Computational Propaganda during ...","https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/06/COMPROP-2016-1.pdf","Jun 11, 2016 ... risk of massive cascades of misinformation ... countries, including Russia, Mexico, China, Australia, the ... Butrymowicz, “Loophole.com: How the FEC's. Failure to ...","China","2016-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3857,"Bots, #StrongerIn, and #Brexit: Computational Propaganda during ...","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.06356","Jun 11, 2016 ... risk of massive cascades of misinformation ... countries, including Russia, Mexico, China, Australia, the ... Butrymowicz, “Loophole.com: How the FEC's. Failure to ...","China","2016-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [3858,"SOCIAL JUSTICE ACTIVISTS CAMPAIGNS TO DISCREDIT THE ...","http://www.meskerem.net/Social%20Justice%20Activists%20Campaigns%20to%20DISCREDIT%20the%20Eritrean%20Govrnment%20Sovereign%20Right%204.pdf","Jun 9, 2016 ... Now they have crossed the Line of international law with no sense of decency. Social Justice Ideologue prepares them to use fraudulent misinformation and they ...","US","2016-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [3859,"Social Science's Conspiracy-Theory Panic: Now They Want to Cure ...","https://philarchive.org/archive/BASSSC","Jun 6, 2016 ... After all, we were assured the US NSA is a law-abiding organization that would spy neither on US citizens nor trusted NATO allies. To question that (and ...","US","2016-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [3860,"Fear and Misinformation as Predictors of Support for Sex Offender ...","https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4011&context=jssw","Jun 4, 2016 ... American Journal of Criminal. Justice, 34(1/2), 54-68. Liu, C. (March 9, 2011). Legislator: AZ won't comply with federal sex offender database law. KPHO CBS ...","US","2016-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [3861,"PD26 - False or misleading information or documents","https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/093b4b03-9ea8-4704-ad2c-cf6f76a06198/resource/c86ccd65-f4ba-4ea8-8bc7-4a5e0444583a/download/pd26-false-or-misleading-information-or-documents.pdf","Jun 1, 2016 ... Nothing in this Practice Direction supersedes or overrides the requirements of the legislation. The Commissioner retains the discretion to make decisions about ...","Australia","2016-06-01T00:00:00"],
    [3862,"ARBITRATING PUBLIC POLICY: WHY THE BUCK SHOULD NOT ...","https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/22082-lcb201art5ghodoosipdf","May 24, 2016 ... Rationality lies at the core of the interest-based paradigm. ... judgments independent of the two sides. ... Article 213(3) of China's 2008 Civil Procedure Law ...","China","2016-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [3863,"Liability for Honest Misrepresentation","https://www.jstor.org/stable/1325080","May 20, 2016 ... from early law as it might now seem, for even in the early law, when ... Bowen, 122 U. S. 575, citing Gresham v. Postan, 2 ... lend money to the latter, gives ...","US","2016-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [3864,"EU strategic communications with a view to counteracting propaganda","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2016/578008/EXPO_IDA(2016)578008_EN.pdf","May 19, 2016 ... to competitors, with China often quoted as the actor taking the EU's share. ... The Task Force releases a 'Disinformation Review' and a 'Disinformation ...","China","2016-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [3865,"Journalism in Conflict and Post-Conflict Conditions","http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:935872/FULLTEXT01.pdf","May 19, 2016 ... ownership and the structure of the industries as well as national regulatory legislation. Today, the. Nordic region constitutes a common market in the media ...","China","2016-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [3866,"embracing evidence-based practices: implementing change in ...","https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/19238/embracing-evidence_based-practices_implementing-change-in-probation.pdf","May 17, 2016 ... I plan on pursuing a career in federal law enforcement such as US marshals or Immigration and Customs. Enforcement. If I don't get federal job then I'll ...","US","2016-05-17T00:00:00"],
    [3867,"Lies My Informants Told Me","https://www.jstor.org/stable/3629796","May 16, 2016 ... his senile father-in-law, in the sorcery death of the latter's son. After the tampalau incident, I concluded-at least for my peace of mind-that I understood ...","Australia","2016-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [3868,"The Uses of Inconsistency","https://www.jstor.org/stable/2105687","May 16, 2016 ... Let us assume that the basis for believing the \"law\" to be a law ... is overlaid with misinformation and displaced as to time. ... is not a law of nature. This, too ...","US","2016-05-16T00:00:00"],
    [3869,"CONFRONTING AND ADAPTING: INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES AND ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43923321","May 15, 2016 ... CIA's 'Fake Vaccine Drive' to Get bin Laden ... with those regulations. The number of legal ... due process and property contained in E.U. law); Al-Jedda v.","EU","2016-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [3870,"Beating the Rumors: An Evaluation of Rumor Control Centers","https://www.jstor.org/stable/42784277","May 12, 2016 ... ing home misinformation to the public in the form of anti-black ru- mors of brutality, conspiracy, and the like can only serve to reinforce hostile beliefs ...","US","2016-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [3871,"Media Piracy and the Terrorist Boogeyman: Speculative Potentiations","https://www.filmandmedia.ucsb.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Positions-essay-Media-Piracy-and-the-Terrorist-Boogeyman.pdf","May 2, 2016 ... Shujen Wang notes that competing political economic interests at the global, national, and local levels scuttle the effectual enforcement of IPR laws in China.","China","2016-05-02T00:00:00"],
    [3872,"The Eyewitness Post Identification Feedback Effect 15 Years Later ...","https://www.innocenceproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Steblay_Wells_Douglass_2014_PPPL.pdf","Apr 30, 2016 ... The American Psychology-Law Society (Divi- sion 41 of the American Psychological Association) endorsed the idea of double-blind lineups in a 1998 “white paper” ...","Australia","2016-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [3873,"Policy Perspectives from the Bottom Up: What Do Firm-‐Level Data ...","https://www.atlantafed.org/-/media/Documents/news/conferences/2016/0428-first-research-workshop-chinas-economy/papers/brandt-policy-perspectives-from-the-bottom-up.pdf?d=1&s=blogmb","Apr 28, 2016 ... 6 The 1995 Chinese Industrial. Census puts the ... The root of these difficulties lies in earlier ... “State-‐Owned Business and Party-‐State Regulation in China's.","China","2016-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [3874,"Defamation: A Conflict between Reason and Decency","https://www.jstor.org/stable/1072508","Apr 28, 2016 ... Misinformation has no merit in itself; standing ... granted, judgment vacated and remanded mem., 419 U.S. 812 (1974). ... The following model has both judicial and ...","US","2016-04-28T00:00:00"],
    [3875,"Advancing Data Justice Research and Practice:","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.03090","Apr 27, 2016 ... 151 The importance of understanding China's AI strategy from a Chinese ... - Data law/regulation and associated legal rights ... 434 Politicians have exploited the ...","China","2016-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [3876,"FREE SPEECH CONSEQUENTIALISM","https://www.columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/April-2016-7-Article-Goldberg.pdf","Apr 27, 2016 ... ... misinformation”). 192. See Schauer, Harm(s) and ... Law in Europe's Cultural. Debates, 36 Fordham Int'l L.J. ... Schwartz, The EU–U.S. Privacy Collision: A Turn to ...","EU","2016-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [3877,"Participatory policy making under authoritarianism: the pathways of ...","https://yanxiaojun.org/reference/publications/Participatory%20Budgeting%20Under%20Authoritarianism.pdf","Apr 25, 2016 ... Detailed clauses regulate the election and functioning of village councils. Although this law has never been fully implemented anywhere in China, Qingxian's ...","China","2016-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3878,"UNCERTAINTY AND QUALITY IN SCIENCE FOR POLICY","http://www.andreasaltelli.eu/file/repository/UQSP.pdf","Apr 25, 2016 ... Law\" literature, have inherent unreliabilities in their operation. Components which are ill-matched or unreliable in themselves, eventually cause the col ...","EU","2016-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [3879,"LIES, DAMN LIES, AND VIRAL CONTENT","https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8KH10RQ/download","Apr 15, 2016 ... This ensured we were notified if new evidence or articles appeared. Determining True and False. For each Story, we had to make a judgment as to whether the ...","China","2016-04-15T00:00:00"],
    [3880,"REGULATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS: RISKS ...","https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/articles/pdf/v29/29HarvJLTech353.pdf","Apr 14, 2016 ... China's Tianhe-2, capable of performing 33.86 ... that lies decisively outside its institutional competence, it can assign ... See, e.g., 1 F. A. HAYEK, LAW, ...","China","2016-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [3881,"HONESTY WITHOUT FEAR? WHISTLEBLOWER ANTI ...","https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/2099369/05-Dixon.pdf","Apr 14, 2016 ... Australian whistleblowing legislation emerged in the aftermath of the systemic government corruption inquiries of the late 1980s,7 meaning that although ...","Australia","2016-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [3882,"Overclaiming Knowledge Predicts Anti-establishment Voting","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1948550619862260","Apr 6, 2016 ... Specifi- cally, on April 6, 2016, Dutch voters were asked whether they supported or opposed a European Union (EU) treaty designed ... to such misinformation ...","EU","2016-04-06T00:00:00"],
    [3883,"Article Redundancy: When Law Repeats Itself","https://texaslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Golden.FinalPDF.pdf","Mar 27, 2016 ... 2065, 2075. (2013) (“The United States federal ... misinformation than does communicating face-to ... virtually any major area of public or private law, U.S. patent ...","US","2016-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3884,"General Information","https://childrensnational.org/~/media/cnhs-site/files/careers-and-training/nursing/orientation/spcategorypacket.ashx?la=en","Mar 27, 2016 ... ... us, or children. ... An act of intentional misinformation or concealment in ... The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a. Federal. Law ...","US","2016-03-27T00:00:00"],
    [3885,"For a Sociology of Deceit: Doubled Identities, Interested Actions and ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/89153/3/For%2520a%2520Sociology%2520of%2520Deceit%2520FINAL%5B1%5D.pdf","Mar 26, 2016 ... Posting minor misinformation about ... tanks in Europe, North American, Australia and elsewhere reflect on and seek to devise ever ... Hamlin A (2005) Deception, ...","Australia","2016-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [3886,"Information Warfare: Issues for Congress","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45142/5","Mar 25, 2016 ... On the defensive side, China employs a combination of legal policies and information technology for censorship and surveillance of dissenters in a program ...","China","2016-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [3887,"Revisiting the Right to do Wrong","https://oar.princeton.edu/bitstream/88435/pr1v574/1/RevisitingTheRight.pdf","Mar 22, 2016 ... ... us to reasonably hope that such a law could be enforced without exercising a distorting effect on public discourse worse than that of misinformation. So we ...","US","2016-03-22T00:00:00"],
    [3888,"CLASS-BASED AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, OR THE LIES THAT WE ...","https://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/files/2016/03/BRIDGES.pdf","Mar 21, 2016 ... Pena,14 the Court has reviewed all laws that contain racial classifications with strict scrutiny—even those laws that are designed to benefit historically ...","China","2016-03-21T00:00:00"],
    [3889,"THE ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL OF PERSUASION","https://prevention.nd.gov/files/bingedrinking/ELM%20-%20Australia.pdf","Mar 19, 2016 ... partners of BehaviourWorks Australia, in particular The Shannon Company. An overview of the ELM. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) is ...","Australia","2016-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [3890,"Avoiding unfair business practices","https://consumer.gov.au/sites/consumer/files/2016/05/0553FT_ACL-guides_UnfairPractices_web.pdf","Mar 15, 2016 ... consumer protection legislation. It is contained ... It is unlawful to sell a 'genuine Turkish rug' when it is actually made in China, as a consumer may believe ...","China","2016-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3891,"Policy Uncertainty, Trade and Welfare: Theory and Evidence for ...","https://fordschool.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/Papers626-650/r650.pdf","Mar 15, 2016 ... ... lies everywhere within the semi-parametric 95% ... changes in the legislation or in the relations between the U.S. and China did not significantly affect Chinese.","China","2016-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [3892,"Information Society Department March 2015","http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/en/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Information_Society_Strategy_and_Action_Plan_2015-2018.pdf","Mar 10, 2016 ... EU adopted the target of providing legal assurance for access to high quality and ... speech and disinformation is on the rise. ... established in Europe in order ...","EU","2016-03-10T00:00:00"],
    [3893,"Media Policy March 2016","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/51297e5de4b01fa6748bc904/t/5b0f40f488251b183e84778e/1527726332515/media-policy-internet.pdf","Mar 8, 2016 ... Filming requests are generally subject to strict legal contracts which give the NSW Police Force veto rights prior to broadcast. When the NSW Police Force ...","Australia","2016-03-08T00:00:00"],
    [3894,"Dysregulating the Media: Digital Redlining, Privacy Erosion, and the ...","https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1622&context=law_facarticles","Mar 3, 2016 ... SLOTTEN, RADIO AND TELEVISION REGULATION: BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY IN THE. UNITED STATES, 1920–1960, at 3 (2000). 5. Rita Zajacz, Liberating American Communications ...","China","2016-03-03T00:00:00"],
    [3895,"Piercing the Veil of Public Policy in the Recognition and ...","https://www.scirp.org/pdf/blr_2016030215075561.pdf","Mar 2, 2016 ... foreign judgments; its appeal lies in the fact ... China on Application of Law for For- eign-Related ... But in China, a civil law legal system jurisdiction, where ...","China","2016-03-02T00:00:00"],
    [3896,"THE HEARSAY RULE AS A RULE OF ADMISSION REVISITED","https://fordhamlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Allen_March.pdf","Feb 29, 2016 ... Forensic Science Institute, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing. I am indebted to Michael Pardo, David Schwartz, and Alex Stein for ...","China","2016-02-29T00:00:00"],
    [3897,"Trusted Voices in Challenging Times - Civil Society and Media ...","https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M2VR.pdf","Feb 28, 2016 ... for us.” □. Page 23. 18. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOP ... Reform Law, and ten core regulations of the Forestry De- ... and misinformation spread by citi- zens and some ...","US","2016-02-27T00:00:00"],
    [3898,"Lying or Believing? Measuring Preference Falsification From a ...","https://www.junyanjiang.com/uploads/5/8/1/9/58193547/comparative_political_studies-2016-jiang-600-34.pdf","Feb 26, 2016 ... In the case of China, for example, it is required by law that surveys with political content must be placed on record (beian) with the supervising authority ...","China","2016-02-26T00:00:00"],
    [3899,"NEUTRALITY AND WAR PREVENTION","https://www.jstor.org/stable/25656913","Feb 23, 2016 ... The real nub of that problem lies ... particular system or treaty or agreement is not the real question. ... My country, China, for a long time had been self- ...","China","2016-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [3900,"Trusted Voices in Challenging Times - Civil Society and Media ...","https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/node/resource/civil-society-media-leadership-csml-final-report-low-res-3.pdf","Feb 22, 2016 ... for us.” □. Page 22. 18. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOP ... laws—Community Forest Rights Law, the National Forestry ... and misinformation spread by citi- zens and some ...","US","2016-02-22T00:00:00"],
    [3901,"Enforcement Discretion at the SEC","https://ccl.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/zaring%20sec%20aljs%20yale%20march%204%20roundtable.pdf","Feb 21, 2016 ... argued that Chinese law prohibited them from producing the materials). The suspensions issued by the judge created an international incident. See Todd ...","China","2016-02-21T00:00:00"],
    [3902,"Information Quality Complaint; False Greenhouse Gas Emission ...","https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-03/documents/10003.pdf","Feb 20, 2016 ... United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rescind and correct online and printed information regarding alleged greenhouse gas emissions reductions ...","US","2016-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [3903,"The Paranoid Style in American Politics Revisited: An Ideological ...","https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pops.12681","Feb 16, 2016 ... and PO Box 378 Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia ... In the present era, in which fake news and misinformation are spread quickly and ... In addition, ...","Australia","2016-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [3904,"Transcript of the February 16, 2016 Meeting of the Risk ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/96580/download","Feb 16, 2016 ... and are subject to federal conflict of interest laws and regulations. ... And so this leads us to ... going on is I don't think this is just a misinformation issue.","US","2016-02-16T00:00:00"],
    [3905,"Social Media Research: A Guide to Ethics","https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_487729_smxx.pdf","Feb 15, 2016 ... 3 It may be useful to refer to the EU Data Protection Reform, which legally sets out what can be considered sensitive data: http://europa.eu/rapid/press ...","EU","2016-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3906,"A Historical Approach to Negligent Misrepresentation and Federal ...","https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=5780&context=uclrev","Feb 15, 2016 ... 9r The only difference is that state-law negligent misrepresentation covers all types of mis- representation, while §§ 11 and 12 only regulate misinformation.","US","2016-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [3907,"Speaking Truth To Power","https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/media/publications/Speaking%20Truth%20to%20Power%20-%20Testimonies%20from%20prisoners%20in%20US%2C%20Prison%20Watch%20Program%2C%202014.pdf","Feb 12, 2016 ... two other people on this Unit scared for their lives due to staff misconduct and misinformation. They will kill us. Marion Singletary, SBI 484723D. South Woods ...","US","2016-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [3908,"FLAWED REFORMS","https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MDE1327082016ENGLISH.pdf","Feb 10, 2016 ... void all laws and regulations incompatible with Islamic law. ... the necessity for continued detention and its proportionality lies ... on Human Rights, Mission to ...","China","2016-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [3909,"Wrong or Merely Prohibited: Special Treatment of Strict Liability in ...","https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Wrong-or-Merley-Prohibited_Special-Treatment-of-Strict-Liability-in-Intuitive-Moral-Judgment.pdf","Feb 10, 2016 ... This suggests that misinformation had a mitigating effect, but that the source of the misinformation ... United States, 342 U.S. ... American Law Institute (Ed.). ( ...","US","2016-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [3910,"Regulation of unfair competition and unfair advertising in CIS","https://www.dentons.com/ru/pdf-pages/~/media/e26d5ac230c3458db08e56c48e2eb673.ashx","Feb 9, 2016 ... The Federal Law on Amending the Federal Law on Protection of Competition and ... lead to a false impression (misinformation), forgery ... US$1,400).9. The exception ...","US","2016-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [3911,"Information ethics in the context of information Literacy","https://journals.phil.muni.cz/proinflow/article/download/2016-2-8/15455/43208","Feb 8, 2016 ... accountability, liability, libel legislation, testimony, plagiarism, advertising, propaganda, misinformation, deception. Third stage, information ethics as ...","EU","2016-02-08T00:00:00"],
    [3912,"Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists - Case-law of the ...","https://rm.coe.int/16807834d1","Feb 2, 2016 ... ... law of the European Court of Human Rights - New updated ... EU law, right of access to court. Full text. 358 ... disinformation may not be great.” Accordingly ...","EU","2016-02-02T00:00:00"],
    [3913,"INTERNET TROLLING","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/full_report_trolling_25012016.pdf","Jan 25, 2016 ... The. Russian-language channels are broadcast by companies registered in Latvia or elsewhere in the EU, with agreement being reached with channel owners on their ...","EU","2016-01-25T00:00:00"],
    [3914,"FACEBOOK - Religious bigotry and misinformation drive anti-halal ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=341e160a-0b0d-46d9-9f69-d2d731d2855a&subId=400401","Jan 22, 2016 ... Boycott Halal in Australia, warning Australian ... ' Misinformation is rampant. Third ... Geller's US anti-Islam groups are classified as hate groups by a US law.","Australia","2016-01-22T00:00:00"],
    [3915,"The spreading of misinformation online | PNAS","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1517441113","Jan 19, 2016 ... We analyze the three types—science news, conspiracy ru- mors, and trolling—and find that size and maximum degree are power-law distributed for all three ...","EU","2016-01-19T00:00:00"],
    [3916,"UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES, IF ANY, SHOULD LIES BE ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/23074046","Jan 16, 2016 ... Tort Law a. Misrepresentation ... Richard Cullen, Defamation Law in the People's Republic of China, 11 Transnat'l L. ... Among legal scholars tackling the issue of ...","China","2016-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [3917,"Political Communication, Computational Propaganda, and ...","https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/6298/1809","Jan 15, 2016 ... Autonomous programs are used as proxies for political actors hoping to sway public opinion through the spread of propaganda and misinformation. Researching how ...","Australia","2016-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3918,"FRAUD AND MISREPRESENTATION CLAIMS AGAINST LAWYERS","https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1652&context=nlj","Jan 15, 2016 ... The opinions expressed here are the author's alone. 1 Liability for legal malpractice generally requires a plaintiff to prove the existence of an attorney- ...","US","2016-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [3919,"An Garda Síochána Social Media Policy","https://www.garda.ie/en/about-us/publications/policy-documents/an-garda-siochana-social-media-policy-put-on-the-14-1-16-.pdf","Jan 14, 2016 ... The Standards also protect An Garda Siochana from legal liability. i\\g obair I~ l'obail chun iad a chosaillt agus cloun freastal orthu I Working with ...","US","2016-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [3920,"Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of 'Political Correctness","https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn_Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury%20(Politcal%20Correctness).pdf","Jan 9, 2016 ... First, although political correctness is often spoken of as a threat to free speech on the campuses (and this is indeed the case when it results in legal.","China","2016-01-09T00:00:00"],
    [3921,"Do You Have the Right to Remain Silent?: Duties of Disclosure in ...","https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1286&context=faculty_scholarship","Jan 6, 2016 ... JOSEPH, SANCTIONS: The Federal Law of Litigation Abuse § 13(B), at 183 (1989). More generally, \"An improper purpose is any purpose other than one to ...","US","2016-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [3922,"Informed or Misinformed Consent? Abortion Policy in the United States","https://informedconsentproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Informed-or-Misinformed-Consent-Journal-of-Health-Politics-Policy-and-Law-2016-Daniels-03616878-3476105.pdf","Jan 6, 2016 ... We discuss the implications of our findings for the question of the constitutionality of informed consent laws as they have been implemented in practice.","US","2016-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [3923,"Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) research paper: Deception ...","https://www.governmentattic.org/18docs/CIAdeceptionMaximsFactFolklore_1980.pdf","Jan 4, 2016 ... government agencies using proper legal channels. ... China: The Coal Industry, November 1976. 5 ... misinformation) is a composite functic-n of the a priori.","China","2016-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [3924,"The spreading of misinformation online","https://www.fabiopetroni.com/Download/delvicario2016spreading.pdf","Jan 4, 2016 ... We analyze the three types—science news, conspiracy ru- mors, and trolling—and find that size and maximum degree are power-law distributed for all three ...","EU","2016-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [3925,"A Synthesis of the Law of Misrepresentation","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3017&context=facpub","Jan 4, 2016 ... It sometimes happens that courts impose liability in one situation although. the misinformation was innocently given, but require scienter in another case which ...","US","2016-01-04T00:00:00"],
    [3926,"Real-Name Registration Rules and the Fading Digital Anonymity in ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1717&context=wilj","Jan 1, 2016 ... therefore, legal regulation ... interest or bias lies behind a particular instance of anonymous speech. ... See, e.g., BING LING, CONTRACT LAW IN CHINA 26–27 (2002); ...","China","2016-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [3927,"The Chinese Mass Media","https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/6395wb12c","Dec 29, 2015 ... The distinction between internal and public newspapers lies essentially in how ... legal practices, education, sports, science and ... China's broadcasting programs ...","China","2015-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [3928,"Deceit and the Classification of Crimes: Federal Rule of Evidence ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/1144200","Dec 26, 2015 ... 21 Peter Alldridge, Sex, Lies and the Criminal Law, 44 N. IRELAND LEGAL Q. 250, 251. (1993). Lloyd Weinreb has made a somewhat similar point: A society in ...","China","2015-12-26T00:00:00"],
    [3929,"Authority conflicts in internet governance: Liberals vs. sovereigntists?","https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E1035680DF6CAE90CD45A1EEFCCC1F97/S2045381720000167a.pdf/authority-conflicts-in-internet-governance-liberals-vs-sovereigntists.pdf","Dec 23, 2015 ... to introduce legislation aimed at manifest violations of domestic criminal law, combating terrorist propaganda and disinformation, most notably when it ...","China","2015-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [3930,"Trouble Brwing: Making the Case for Alcohol Policy","https://ncdalliance.org/sites/default/files/resource_files/TroubleBrewing_Draft_Final_small_v2.pdf","Dec 15, 2015 ... misinformation from the alcohol industry. Our ... based governmental laws or regulations. ... Miller, P., et al., Alcohol/Drug-Involved Family Violence in Australia ...","Australia","2015-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [3931,"Misinformation, Mistrust, and Mistreatment: Family Planning among ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137904","Dec 14, 2015 ... However, fertility regulation is difficult to achieve for most of these women. In-depth interview data are used here to examine some of the social processes ...","US","2015-12-14T00:00:00"],
    [3932,"UNHEDGEABLE RISK: HOW CLIMATE CHANGE SENTIMENT ...","https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/crs-unhedgeable-risk.pdf","Dec 7, 2015 ... 2 Shared Policy Assumptions (SPAs) are the regulations ... The fundamental assumption in developing these scenarios lies ... China, Europe, USA). New legal ...","China","2015-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [3933,"SNITCHING AND THE CODE OF THE STREET","https://www.jstor.org/stable/23638855","Dec 1, 2015 ... us, threw us against the wall. .. and all this ... police routinely give out misinformation is for some offenders a powerful motivator to ... (1973), 'The ...","US","2015-12-01T00:00:00"],
    [3934,"Conspiracy Endorsement as Motivated Reasoning: The Moderating ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24877458","Nov 27, 2015 ... misinformation. Our second contribution is that ... of Target Corp., Prime Minister of Australia ... Whose responsibility is it to determine if a law is consti.","Australia","2015-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [3935,"Irrational Expectations, Unclearing Markets and a Business Cycle ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/3486482","Nov 27, 2015 ... Quantity theory and Say's. Law formed the main pillars of neoclassical economics. ... forces us to face. We must specify exactly the ... How could misinformation ...","US","2015-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [3936,"Legal Paternalism","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40230341","Nov 26, 2015 ... compulsion, misinformation, excitement or impetuousness, cloud- ed judgment (as e.g. from alcohol), or immature or defective. 110. Page 7. Joel Feinberg Legal ...","US","2015-11-26T00:00:00"],
    [3937,"Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online","https://datasociety.net/pubs/oh/DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline.pdf","Nov 24, 2015 ... Poe's Law. A very successful troll plays with ambiguity in such a way that the audience is never quite sure whether or not they are serious. This is a key ...","EU","2015-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [3938,"Keeping it Legal: Managing FDA Compliance for Consumer ...","https://www.pillsburylaw.com/images/content/5/0/v2/5071/WhitePaperNov2015HealthCareKeepingitLegalManagingFDACompliancefo.pdf","Nov 24, 2015 ... Federal law defines “labeling” to include “all ... that manufacturers correct misinformation, the FDA advises that any correction of misinformation be: ... Am., Inc ...","US","2015-11-24T00:00:00"],
    [3939,"REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE REVIEW OF THE LEGAL, POLICY ...","https://statelaw.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Report-of-the-Task-Force-on-the-Review-of-the-Legal-Policy-and-Institutional-Framework-for-Fighting-Corruption.pdf","Nov 20, 2015 ... ... China; Denmark; France; Ghana;. Hong Kong Special Administrative Area (SAR); Italy; Malaysia; Mauritius; Nigeria; Norway;. Romania; Rwanda; Sierra Leone ...","China","2015-11-20T00:00:00"],
    [3940,"Fraud and error in the field of social security coordination","https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=18644&langId=en","Nov 15, 2015 ... misinformation or omission of information by the users. ... exist in view of the coordination rules vis-à-vis the EU privacy and data protection legislation.","EU","2015-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3941,"Press regulation in South Africa: an analysis of the Press Council of ...","https://www.mediaanddemocracy.com/uploads/1/6/5/7/16577624/mpdp_pcsa_pfc_report2015.pdf","Nov 15, 2015 ... than relying solely on conjecture, misinformation and myth. This report has supplied, in part, a fact- based collection of evidence on the functioning of ...","Australia","2015-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [3942,"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Social Media Policy","https://www.fda.gov/media/94313/download","Nov 14, 2015 ... The FDA must comply with applicable federal laws, regulations, and requirements including, but not limited to, Section 508 compliance, privacy, ethics, ...","US","2015-11-14T00:00:00"],
    [3943,"Damages for Innocent Misrepresentation","https://www.jstor.org/stable/1121497","Nov 13, 2015 ... non-negligent misrepresentation made to induce a business transaction.1 In. 1958 a rule to this effect was endorsed by the American Law Institute,2 upon.","US","2015-11-13T00:00:00"],
    [3944,"Business failure research","https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67848/1/MPRA_paper_67848.pdf","Nov 12, 2015 ... (2013) 'Suntech's lessons for China's bankruptcy regime', International Financial Law Review. No. 32 Vol. 9, pp. 11. Lee, S. H., Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M. W. and ...","China","2015-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [3945,"Politicians, Bureaucrats, and Asymmetric Information","https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111225","Nov 12, 2015 ... This constraint, however, seems in accord with political and legal facts of most democratic governments. 17Myerson's (1979) revelation principle tells us that ...","US","2015-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [3946,"Correcting Robert Natelson Yet Again","http://www.foavc.org/reference/file72.pdf","Nov 7, 2015 ... ... legal argument of whether the federal government, the state governments or the people control the convention amendment process. (Given a good lawyer and the ...","US","2015-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [3947,"How the use of ICT can contribute to a misleading picture of ...","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:916367/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 7, 2015 ... http://www.informingscience.us ... Changes in administrative routines, quantitative and qualitative changes in police work, and changes in the law can make it ...","US","2015-11-07T00:00:00"],
    [3948,"Understanding propaganda and disinformation","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2015/571332/EPRS_ATA(2015)571332_EN.pdf","Nov 6, 2015 ... In the 2009 agreement between the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation member states (until. July 2015, these were China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan ...","China","2015-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [3949,"Responses to Call for Evidence on Collective Redundancy ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a801703ed915d74e622c67a/summary_of_responses_-_combined_17-11-15.pdf","Nov 4, 2015 ... landscape involving employment legislation, insolvency legislation, company law and case law. ... Where the failure lies ... The company was trying to move from the ...","China","2015-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [3950,"Cyber Propaganda","https://lif.blob.core.windows.net/lif/docs/default-source/publications/cyber-propaganda-2015-final-pdf.pdf","Nov 3, 2015 ... an Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union (EU), the actual creator of the Euromaidan name, Facebook page, and Twitter handle and hashtags is ...","EU","2015-11-03T00:00:00"],
    [3951,"When Debunking Scientific Myths Fails (and When It Does Not)","https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42583/1/1075547015613523.pdf","Oct 31, 2015 ... The backfire effect describes the phenomenon that rectifying misinformation can have the opposite effect and lead recipients to misremember the false.","EU","2015-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [3952,"a theoretical framework to address the trustworthiness of ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3460903_code666310.pdf?abstractid=3460903&mirid=1","Oct 31, 2015 ... Second, while the process of institutional trust production is traditionally takes place through interdependent legal, political, economic, social, cultural ...","EU","2015-10-31T00:00:00"],
    [3953,"Propaganda and Information Warfare in Contemporary World ...","https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125925336.pdf","Oct 31, 2015 ... International Conference on Man-Power-Law-Governance: Interdisciplinary Approaches (MPLG-IA 2019) ... However, this definition seems to us to be too general.","US","2015-10-30T00:00:00"],
    [3954,"Do Facts Matter? Information and Misinformation in American Politics","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43828727","Oct 18, 2015 ... WAS BARACK HUSSEIN OBAMA BORN OUTSIDE the United States, so that his presidency and all laws passed under it are unconstitutional?","US","2015-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [3955,"The protection of sources and whistleblowers","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/Protection/AssociationProgressiveCommunications.pdf","Oct 13, 2015 ... these platforms can be vulnerable to delibrate efforts to spread misinformation. ... Bulgaria as an example – despite being a member of EU ... implement Article 33 ...","EU","2015-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3956,"Professional Service Industries, Inc., - Change of Control.","https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1528/ML15288A399.pdf","Oct 14, 2015 ... plc, a publicly traded company formed under the laws of the United Kingdom (\"Intertek\"), respectfully request written consent from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory ...","US","2015-10-13T00:00:00"],
    [3957,"Network Propaganda","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/mod/resource/view.php?id=2579986","Oct 12, 2015 ... e year following the. U.S. presidential election saw publication of reports13 and academic papers14 seeking to categorize the confusion, defining misinformation ...","US","2015-10-12T00:00:00"],
    [3958,"Ideographs and American Mass Media: Understanding the Narrative ...","https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1477&context=etd","Oct 9, 2015 ... “Israel obligations as an occupying power under international law, its violations and implications for EU policy.” ECCPA, 29. Jan. 2014. Web. 2 Feb. 2015. Al ...","EU","2015-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [3959,"Statement Analysis of Deception Detection","https://www.scirp.org/pdf/OALibJ_2016072011525988.pdf","Oct 8, 2015 ... 2The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ... lies. Given. Page 2. D. S. Ma, D. A. Lin. OALibJ | DOI ... The law enforcement investigator noted that a ...","China","2015-10-08T00:00:00"],
    [3960,"ANALYSIS OF RUSSIA'S INFORMATION CAMPAIGN AGAINST ...","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/ukraine_report_executive_summary_05-10-2015_public-1.pdf","Oct 5, 2015 ... and positioning the USA in opposition to the EU; and using ... not party to the Washington Treaty. • Audience ... Disinformation campaigns erode over time. The.","EU","2015-10-05T00:00:00"],
    [3961,"The Kremlinʼs Information War","https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1253658/files/52657944/download?verifier=zWnfZXBl2JztTtqvzspHuci3CDWYKAMRkx61Prjd&wrap=1","Oct 4, 2015 ... ists are seduced by Russia's anti-EU message; Europe's far left is enticed ... In and of themselves, such disinformation ... After the collapse of the Soviet Union, ...","EU","2015-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [3962,"2020 POLICY COMPENDIUM","https://www.jewishpublicaffairs.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/2020-Policy-Compendium.pdf","Sep 30, 2015 ... ... misinformation has been deployed ... persuade the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency ... Safe Drinking Water Act; support legislation and regulation enabling the EPA to ...","EU","2015-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [3963,"Strengthening the monitoring of violations against journalists ...","https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/155000/14/MaC%208%281%29%20-%20Strengthening%20the%20Monitoring%20of%20Violations%20against%20Journalists%20through%20an%20Events-Based%20Methodology.pdf","Sep 30, 2015 ... Extra-judicial execution outside any legal proceedings ... Organization for Security and Co-operation in Eu ... abuse, misinformation, hyperpartisan news, and media ...","EU","2015-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [3964,"Honesty and beliefs about honesty in 15 countries","https://ueaeco.github.io/working-papers/papers/ueaeco/UEA-ECO-15-01.pdf","Sep 25, 2015 ... This correlation is mainly driven by GDP growth prior to 1950. 13In the first wave China and Japan were the least honest countries. India and South Korea were ...","China","2015-09-25T00:00:00"],
    [3965,"Analysis of information classifi- cation best practices","http://www.diva-portal.se/smash/get/diva2:856360/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Sep 23, 2015 ... Identification of information assets, their value and legal requirements are some of the core pillars when identifying security requirements in an ISMS (ISO/IEC ...","US","2015-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [3966,"Rotten fish: A guide on addressing corruption in the fisheries sector","https://www.unodc.org/documents/Rotten_Fish.pdf","Sep 9, 2015 ... 1. Corruption also undercuts the efforts of law enforcement to investigate and prosecute fisheries crime when it does occur. All other efforts to regulate the ...","EU","2015-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [3967,"PROPAGANDA AND THE FORMULATION OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24354538","Sep 7, 2015 ... The Administration can be challeng the basis of misinformation construed as information. Needin support for policies about which the public is inadequately ...","US","2015-09-07T00:00:00"],
    [3968,"Echo chambers in the age of misinformation","https://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.00189","Sep 2, 2015 ... Massive digital misinformation is ... parameters of two power law distributions. We ... Funding for this work was provided by the EU FET project. MULTIPLEX, no.","EU","2015-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [3969,"REGULATING DISINFORMATION: POLL EMBARGO AND ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24546390","Sep 2, 2015 ... Election Day poll restrictions. Our argument is that laws forbidding the publication of polling results hamper voters' electoral coordination when the ...","Australia","2015-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [3970,"The Privacy Panic Cycle: A Guide to Public Fears About New ...","https://www2.itif.org/2015-privacy-panic.pdf","Sep 1, 2015 ... Furthermore, the Internet has made it easier to spread misinformation ... while he signed the bill into law, Johnson grumbled to himself that the bill would help.","EU","2015-09-01T00:00:00"],
    [3971,"Serviceable Truths: Science for Action in Law and Policy","http://texaslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Jasanoff.Final_.pdf","Aug 31, 2015 ... when the manufacture of disinformation, with facts concocted to serve ... of legal judgment is justified when claims are weak. ... Treaty on European Union art.","EU","2015-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3972,"WHY ILLINOIS SHOULD ADOPT FEDERAL RULE OF EVIDENCE ...","https://law.siu.edu/_common/documents/law-journal/articles-2015/winter-2015/8-ruebner-durcova-taylor-article-final-sm.pdf","Aug 31, 2015 ... *** A third year law student at the John Marshall Law School. ... us/court/SupremeCourt/. Evidence/Evidence.htm ... misinformation being introduced to the trier of ...","US","2015-08-31T00:00:00"],
    [3973,"When the Government is Lying . . .","https://www.jstor.org/stable/40546856","Aug 24, 2015 ... in the interest of the cause. Likewise, of course, we all know that lies in our enemies' mouths always seem big and in our friends ...","China","2015-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [3974,"beyondblue Information Paper: Stigma and discrimination ...","https://www.beyondblue.org.au/docs/default-source/about-beyond-blue/policy-submissions/stigma-and-discrimination-associated-with-depression-and-anxiety.pdf?sfvrsn=92367eea_4","Aug 24, 2015 ... • problems of knowledge (ignorance or misinformation – “People with depression are dangerous. ... legal costs relating to cases of ... Australia's national mental ...","Australia","2015-08-24T00:00:00"],
    [3975,"Mistaken Assumptions in Equity: Sound Doctrine or Chimera?","https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2503&context=scholarly_works","Aug 13, 2015 ... law of misrepresentation. Thus, what might be ... China, a vessel, The Cape Providence, suffered serious structural ... doctrine which have also restricted the ...","China","2015-08-13T00:00:00"],
    [3976,"Federalism, Race, and the Politics of Turnaround: U.S. Public ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schueler/files/schuelerwest_er_federalism_race_and_the_politics_of_turnaround.pdf","Aug 12, 2015 ... Under the new law, states must identify their lowest per- forming 5% of schools and are tasked with determining how best to fix them. Many states in turn ...","US","2015-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [3977,"The Justification for Protecting Reasonable Expectations","https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1141&context=faculty","Aug 8, 2015 ... ' Thus natural law may fairly claim, in principle though not by name, the reasonable man of English and American law and all his works, which are many. SIR ...","US","2015-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [3978,"I hereby declare that the information provided is true and correct. I ...","https://airliquide.recruitmentplatform.com/docs/MT_TAS_Hong_Kong_Privacy_Notice_External_EN.pdf","Aug 8, 2015 ... I hereby declare that the information provided is true and correct. I also understand that any willful dishonesty may render for refusal of this application ...","US","2015-08-08T00:00:00"],
    [3979,"Marxist Miscellany","https://www.marxists.org/subject/india/cpi/marxist-miscellany/1945-marxist-5.pdf","Aug 6, 2015 ... lies or about 1,42,000 persons), have to live m ... Chinese Government and five by the Soviet Government. ... Chinese Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and as an ...","China","2015-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [3980,"Conspiratorial Beliefs Observed through Entropy Principles","https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03064943/file/2015-golo-galam-conspiratorial-beliefs-observed-through-entropy-principles.pdf","Aug 4, 2015 ... It follows a Zipf law of −0.48, which is equivalent to a power law of −2.08. ... Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation. ... Available online: http:// ...","EU","2015-08-04T00:00:00"],
    [3981,"The Climate Deception Dossiers: Internal Fossil Fuel Industry ...","https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/07/The-Climate-Deception-Dossiers.pdf","Jul 30, 2015 ... In response to this development, and to stave off approval of the treaty by the U.S. Senate and other climate action in the United States, the API team's 1998 ...","US","2015-07-30T00:00:00"],
    [3982,"Overcoming Objections and Answering Areas of Concern","https://1bigfight.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/3/9/13394736/how_to_handle_objections.pdf","Jul 27, 2015 ... As an independent contractor, this is your business, and you decide how you will build it within regulatory and legal ... us to people they think deserve the same ...","US","2015-07-27T00:00:00"],
    [3983,"Ethical considerations","https://iris.who.int/rest/bitstreams/1262611/retrieve","Jul 24, 2015 ... Which aspects are research? The study was conducted in a changing environment of the provision of rural health services in China. The Chinese Government ...","China","2015-07-24T00:00:00"],
    [3984,"COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS","http://reteaformare-aplvs.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Communication-and-Public-Relations.pdf","Jul 17, 2015 ... - Vladimir Volkoff, Treaty of misinformation, Header, Bucharest, 1999. - Henri-Pierre Cathala, Age disinformation, Header Press. - J.A. Barnes, Sociology of ...","US","2015-07-17T00:00:00"],
    [3985,"Disinformation in Sweden","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/disinformation_in_sweden.pdf","Jul 16, 2015 ... Sweden and Russia do not have particularly strong economic ties, and these have worsened since. Russian activity in Ukraine. Sweden is supportive of EU ...","EU","2015-07-16T00:00:00"],
    [3986,"Strategy, not Technology, Drives Digital Transformation | Deloitte","https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/fr/Documents/strategy/dup_strategy-not-technology-drives-digital-transformation.pdf","Jul 14, 2015 ... The power of a digital transformation strategy lies ... China, Colombia, Denmark,. Finland, Greece ... Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a de tailed ...","China","2015-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [3987,"7/14/2015 The Climate Deception Dossiers: Internal Fossil Fuel ...","https://webcourses.ucf.edu/courses/1169893/files/50831794/download?verifier=7AtJfUdYsn5BVvD780jKD6KPnyXcTC02K47CoCoY&download_frd=1","Jul 14, 2015 ... Stop disseminating misinformation about climate change. ... As is required by law ... Deception Dossier #6: Deception by the American Legislative Exchange Council.","US","2015-07-13T00:00:00"],
    [3988,"Counter Propaganda:","https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/archives/counter-propaganda-cases-from-us-public-diplomacy-and-beyond-july-2015-pdf.pdf","Jul 8, 2015 ... The massive US information campaign of the. Cold War was a response to the threat of Communist propaganda from the Soviet Union. In our own time, China's large- ...","China","2015-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [3989,"Counter Propaganda-_Cases from USV2 .indd","https://lif.blob.core.windows.net/lif/docs/default-source/publications/counter-propaganda---cases-from-us-public-diplomacy-and-beyond-july-2015-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=8","Jul 8, 2015 ... The 21st century is seeing a new scale of media manipulation, psychological war and disinformation. The technological capacity of the information age, a more ...","EU","2015-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [3990,"Reputational Privacy and the Internet: A Matter for Law?","https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=phd","Jul 5, 2015 ... Each state has its own legal system, judicial system, and case law ... and misrepresentation is compounded by the ... China's constitution, labour law or medical ...","China","2015-07-04T00:00:00"],
    [3991,"SPEAKING OUT - Against Drug Legalization","https://northstarbehavioral.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DEASpeakingOutAgainstDrugLegalization2010.pdf","Jun 30, 2015 ... current fog of misinformation with hard facts. ... Morality is about right and wrong, and that's what laws put into legal form. ... eu. 217. Ibid. 218. Ibid. 219.","EU","2015-06-30T00:00:00"],
    [3992,"Impersonating China","https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594285","Jun 29, 2015 ... the fantastic faqade of female impersonation lies a society's bent for a \"wayward\" ... China, China, be strong ... regulation of heterosexual behavior. Both the ...","China","2015-06-29T00:00:00"],
    [3993,"The Role of the Medical Profession in Swaying Public Policy ...","https://www.einsteinmed.edu/uploadedFiles/Pulications/EJBM/Article1.pdf","Jun 26, 2015 ... Many of these roles are governed by legal regulations, ... uge of misinformation about vaccinations. Staying ... West Virginia, 129 U.S. 114 (1889). Mozaffarian ...","US","2015-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [3994,"E-cig false claims, fearmong and prohibition","https://casaa.org/wp-content/uploads/GodshallFDAcomment-December-2015.pdf","Jun 23, 2015 ... ... legislation, law ... Tamara Tabo – Smoke Signals: The misinformation behind FDA's proposed regulation ... framework for e-cigarette regulation within the revised EU ...","EU","2015-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [3995,"Antitrust Class Actions in the Wake of Procedural Reform","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11465&context=ilj","Jun 22, 2015 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Maurer Law Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer. Law. ... power); THE U.S.-CHINA BUS. COUNCIL, ...","China","2015-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3996,"ACTION PLAN ON STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION","https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/action_plan_on_strategic_communication.docx_eeas_web.pdf","Jun 22, 2015 ... ongoing disinformation campaigns and invited the High Representative, in cooperation with. Member States and EU institutions, to prepare by June an action plan ...","EU","2015-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3997,"Debiasing Decisions: Improved Decision Making With a Single ...","http://careymorewedge.com/papers/Morewedgeetal2015DebiasingwithTraining.pdf","Jun 22, 2015 ... —Report to the President of the United States (Silberman et al.,. 2005, p. 169). Biased judgment and decision making is that which systemati- cally deviates ...","US","2015-06-22T00:00:00"],
    [3998,"Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in ...","https://deterrence.ucsd.edu/_files/Weaving%20Tangled%20Webs_%20Offense%20Defense%20and%20Deception%20in%20Cyberspace.pdf","Jun 22, 2015 ... 1974–2040. 12 Jack Goldsmith, Cybersecurity Treaties: A Skeptical View, Koret-Taube Task Force on National. Security and Law Future Challenges Essay (Stanford, ...","China","2015-06-21T00:00:00"],
    [3999,"War Reporting in the International Press: A Critical Discourse ...","https://d-nb.info/1103233386/34","Jun 20, 2015 ... the least, to the misinformation ... represents the EU division about the Israeli war on Gaza, as the EU fail to ... regulations and self-regulation in the Indian ...","EU","2015-06-20T00:00:00"],
    [4000,"Ukraine at War: Truth against Russian Propaganda","https://ccl.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/againstpropaganda_ccl_mf_finalview_withoutlogo.pdf","Jun 16, 2015 ... New- ly-appointed Prime Minister Vladimir Putin launched the second Chechen war and at the same time imposed legal restrictions on Russian journalists that ...","EU","2015-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [4001,"Political Knowledge and Misinformation in the Era of Social Media ...","https://scholar.archive.org/work/3babuk4bs5atbn6i3viqmqxd7a/access/wayback/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EF26FA6C515D9C697DD72B95F452B2C5/S0007123420000198a.pdf/div-class-title-political-knowledge-and-misinformation-in-the-era-of-social-media-evidence-from-the-2015-uk-election-div.pdf","Jun 15, 2015 ... Legal immigration from the EU to the United Kingdom was another highly salient issue during the 2015 campaign. Concerns about this issue were instrumental in ...","EU","2015-06-15T00:00:00"],
    [4002,"Countering State-Sponsored Cyber Economic Espionage Under ...","https://securitypolicylaw.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Lotrionte_Countering_State_Sponsored_Cyber_Economic_Espionage.pdf","Jun 10, 2015 ... This Article utilizes China's conduct of economic espionage against American companies as a case study, identifying relevant international law at issue in ...","China","2015-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [4003,"Automatic Detection and Verification of Rumors on Twitter by ...","https://www.media.mit.edu/cogmac/publications/Soroush_Vosoughi_PHD_thesis.pdf","Jun 6, 2015 ... misinformation spreading about a real-world event. For instance, a law enforcement employee trying to identify all the misinformation. (i.e. false rumors) ...","China","2015-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [4004,"Policies and Politics: Challenges and Opportunities for Economists","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43199372","Jun 6, 2015 ... David Pannell is Professor in the School of Agricultural and Resource Economics,. University of Western Australia. Page 2. 118 David Pannell met ...","Australia","2015-06-06T00:00:00"],
    [4005,"Credibility Assessment in Claims based on Persecution for Reasons ...","https://www.iarmj.org/images/Berlin_2015/Berlit-Doerig-Storey_IARLJ-Berlin_2015.pdf","Jun 5, 2015 ... ... Law Reform Bill No 2015–925 from 29 July 2015). 3 ... Here, the focus lies ... See the decision of the UK Upper Tribunal on the Chinese state and house churches in ...","China","2015-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [4006,"RISK-OF-ERROR RULES AND NON-IDEAL JUSTIFICATION","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24219258","Jun 4, 2015 ... consequences. The requirement that there must be intent to kill for a hom icide to be murder also should remind us that moral/legal rules seem to come with ...","US","2015-06-04T00:00:00"],
    [4007,"Countering Myths and Misperceptions About Contraceptives","https://media.path.org/documents/RH_outlook_myths_mis_june_2015.pdf","Jun 3, 2015 ... misinformation.7,19,27 For example, women in ... Barriers to fertility regulation: a review of the literature. ... Lucia, Australia: University of Queensland; 2011.","Australia","2015-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4008,"Discourses of Deflection: The Politics of Framing China's South ...","https://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/all-abs/286-a8-2-9/file","May 29, 2015 ... The Chinese Communist Party's ability to provide adequate water resources to the North China ... Rather, \"[t]heir significance lies in the role they played in ...","China","2015-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [4009,"Campaign Skills Handbook Module 5 Issue Identification and Policy ...","https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/Module%205_Issue%20Identification_EN.pdf","May 29, 2015 ... Identifying an issue can also begin by reflecting on a party or candidate's values or ideology. What is most important to us that requires more attention or ...","US","2015-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [4010,"The devil is in the details. Information warfare in the light of Russia's ...","https://www.osw.waw.pl/sites/default/files/pw_50_ang_the-devil-is-in_net.pdf","May 27, 2015 ... sionary tactics, disinformation ... international law; the infrastructure of NATO member states is ap-.","EU","2015-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4011,"The Devil is in the Details: Information Warfare in the Light of ...","https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/191967/pw_50_ang_the-devil-is-in_net.pdf","May 27, 2015 ... sionary tactics, disinformation ... international law; the infrastructure of NATO member states is ap-.","EU","2015-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4012,"9. The evolution of media laws in Fiji and impacts on journalism and ...","http://repository.usp.ac.fj/8377/1/ShailendraSingh_2015_PJR.pdf","May 27, 2015 ... ... misinformation, incitement to racial violence ... NSW, Australia: Lowly Institute for International Policy. ... Future media legislation and regulation for the ...","Australia","2015-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4013,"REFORMING POLICIES FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ...","https://www.tnp2k.go.id/images/uploads/downloads/Reforming%20SMEs_0527_lowres.pdf","May 24, 2015 ... Imported competition from China has become more intense in recent years. ... or that promote SMEs in a way that lies ... Law/regulation name & number. (if ...","China","2015-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [4014,"Trust, Testimony, and Prejudice in the Credibility Economy","https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2cbd2badbb03be1c4f5a3280ba603c9bd635d5e6","May 20, 2015 ... When a credibility judgment is mediated by a stereotype that is identity prejudicial, and thereby results in a hearer's according a speaker lower credibility,.","US","2015-05-20T00:00:00"],
    [4015,"Documentary Uncertainty","http://www.kajsadahlberg.com/files/No_72_Documentary_Uncertainty_v2.pdf","May 19, 2015 ... I vividly remember a strange broadcast a few years ago. On one of the first days of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, a senior CNN correspon-.","US","2015-05-19T00:00:00"],
    [4016,"THE STATE OF WHISTLEBLOWER & JOURNALIST PROTECTIONS ...","https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Opinion/Protection/AmericanUniversitySchool.pdf","May 18, 2015 ... Furthermore, China has a Freedom of Information Act (Order of the State. Council, No. 492), however, which seeks to safeguard “the legal access to government ...","China","2015-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [4017,"Scandal-Driven Regulation of China's Stock Market: Dynamics ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/79576457.pdf","May 15, 2015 ... compensation cases on misrepresentation in the Chinese stock market, said more than ... China Politics and Law ... would adopt stricter measures against ...","China","2015-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [4018,"Policy Report on the Rationale and Scope for Strengthening Support ...","https://www.share-net-burundi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/PLAN_UK_LGBT_Report.pdf","May 13, 2015 ... by widespread myths and misinformation, such ... Transgender adolescents often face specific legal challenges, such as with their gender identity not being ...","Australia","2015-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [4019,"Understanding and Defending Against Russia's Malign and ...","https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR3100/RR3160/RAND_RR3160.pdf","May 12, 2015 ... combatting misinformation requires recognition of and general agreement regarding ... 42 The law ensures EU citizens have rights ... https://euvsdisinfo.eu/ ...","EU","2015-05-12T00:00:00"],
    [4020,"JIR Article - Material Misrepresentations in Insurance Litigation","https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/JIR-ZA-34-03-EL.pdf","May 6, 2015 ... The insured contested the insurer's decision, but the insurer prevailed on summary judgment. A similar case on the commercial side is Williams v. American ...","US","2015-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [4021,"e-Participation Policy","https://www.mcit.gov.qa/sites/default/files/p003_eparticipation_v1.0.2_en_v3-2_2.pdf","Apr 30, 2015 ... respond to misinformation about the government's position on an issue; ... They should never comment on anything related to legal or commercial matters such as ...","EU","2015-04-30T00:00:00"],
    [4022,"Contractual Excuse Under the CISG: Impediment, Hardship, and the ...","https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1351&context=pilr","Apr 29, 2015 ... independent of the frameworks provided by the civil law, com- mon law, or international legal instruments. ... lies beyond its control. ... (China) (http://cisgw3.","China","2015-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [4023,"Advisory on Online Shopping Fraud","https://www.doj.gov.ph/files/ADVISORY%20ON%20ONLINE%20SHOPPING%20FRAUD(1).pdf","Apr 30, 2015 ... applicable law is the Consumer Act of the Philippines. Both laws, however, can be related to R.A. 10175 if committed by, through and with the use of ...","US","2015-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [4024,"Vietnam's One-or-Two-Child Policy in Action","https://www.jstor.org/stable/2137414","Apr 27, 2015 ... in Vietnam are discussed. Vietnamese innovations and Chinese ... The Southern province, Quang Nam-Da Nang, lies ... 2 Actually, China's 1950 Marriage and. Family ...","China","2015-04-27T00:00:00"],
    [4025,"Reality Lost: Markets of Attention, Misinformation and Manipulation","https://mediarep.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/68124e4f-828d-4cd1-92f7-ed48e53085a6/content","Apr 25, 2015 ... Signal legislation and symbol politics are ways to speculate in the attention market to create political bubbles. 3.5 Political Bubbles. Speculative bubbles ...","EU","2015-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [4026,"THE RELIABILITY OF EYEWITNESS CONFIDENCE 1 Initial ...","http://wixtedlab.ucsd.edu/publications/wixted2015/American_Psychologist_in_press.pdf","Apr 22, 2015 ... This recommendation is by no means unique to us (e.g., Brewer & Palmer, 2010), but its importance seems to have been largely overlooked by the legal system. A ...","US","2015-04-22T00:00:00"],
    [4027,"March 8, 2011 Family Policy Compliance Office U.S. Department of ...","https://archive.epic.org/foia/ed/ferpa/14-04-15-ED-FOIA-Release-20150401-OCR-p9.pdf","Apr 14, 2015 ... Hygiene Law; Mental Health Code; Department of Education miscol/duct. 7. The resultant published reports contained misinformation vvhich included inaccllratt?","US","2015-04-14T00:00:00"],
    [4028,"Political Economy of Crony Capitalism: Credible Commitments ...","https://ostromworkshop.indiana.edu/pdf/seriespapers/2015s_c/Razo_paper.pdf","Apr 13, 2015 ... On the theoretical side, the main argument in favor of further scrutiny of infor- mal institutions lies with the fact that dictators typically have more ...","China","2015-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [4029,"A Comparison of Correction Formats: The Effectiveness and Effects ...","https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/The-Effectiveness-of-Rating-Scales.pdf","Apr 13, 2015 ... & Legal Studies ... Crikey (Australia). The Denver Post. Type of ... Nonpolitical misinformation​: For nonpolitical misinformation, adding the rating scale made the.","Australia","2015-04-13T00:00:00"],
    [4030,"The Truth About North Korean Media","https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:252747/datastream/PDF/view","Apr 2, 2015 ... Treaty. • 1993 1st Missile Test. • 1994 Agreed Framework. • 2003 Withdrew from Treaty ... cult of personality, misinformation supporting the regime, and the.","China","2015-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [4031,"U.S Climate Change Policy","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/536321/IPOL_IDA(2015)536321_EN.pdf","Apr 2, 2015 ... President Obama's national climate strategy is based on regulation-making through the federal Environment Protection Agency (EPA) in order to circumvent the ...","China","2015-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [4032,"Reporting conflict","https://www.thomsonfoundation.org/media/33401/ukraine-guide_2303_x-1a_sl.pdf","Mar 30, 2015 ... media regulation. 3. Introduction from Nigel Baker ... misinformation or blatant propaganda. What's more ... and us”. ▷. 5. Journalists interview members of ...","US","2015-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [4033,"Context-Aware Message-Level Rumour Detection with Weak ...","https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/27302/1/shan_finalcopy.pdf","Mar 26, 2015 ... disinformation (manipulated false information), misinformation (accidental ... It captures the power-law decay and periodicity of ... ∗∗ http://aurbano.eu/blog/ ...","EU","2015-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [4034,"Responding to a Rumor: How Crisis Response Strategies Influence ...","https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6650&context=etd","Mar 26, 2015 ... This quick response limits speculation and misinformation (Coombs,. 1999). Content involved the messages in the response. “Information and compassion are the.","US","2015-03-26T00:00:00"],
    [4035,"Analysis, War, and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures Are inevitable","https://www.jstor.org/stable/2009967","Mar 25, 2015 ... As in operational evaluation, the problem lies more in data mongering than in data collecting. ... by legislation. Intelligence consumers are ... China to be.","China","2015-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [4036,"Psychological Approaches to Credibility Assessment Online","https://flanagin.faculty.comm.ucsb.edu/CV/MetzgerandFlanagin2015(HPCT).pdf","Mar 20, 2015 ... This differs from trust in that although trustworthiness is one dimension of believability, credibility typically also involves a judgment of source expertise ...","US","2015-03-20T00:00:00"],
    [4037,"Undermining Government Tax Policies","https://tobacconomics.org/uploads/misc/2016/07/2016_Ross_Undermining-tax-policy-updated_EN_FINAL.pdf","Mar 17, 2015 ... The industry closely monitored the development of the new tax legislation. ... and with countering industry misinformation. ... EU. Page 18. 14. STRATEGY 7. Price ...","EU","2015-03-17T00:00:00"],
    [4038,"DISSEMINATION POLICY","https://www.ksh.hu/docs/bemutatkozas/eng/tajpol_web_eng.pdf","Mar 15, 2015 ... Data transmission to the European Union is regulated by EU legislation, which takes into account users' interests, too. Information on this legislation and ...","EU","2015-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [4039,"Winters, Kevin (2015) Indirect and regulatory expropriation in ...","https://theses.gla.ac.uk/6177/1/2015wintersllm.pdf","Mar 14, 2015 ... This practice is also reflected in Chinese investment treaties: Neither contracting Party shall expropriate, nationalize or take other similar measures ( ...","China","2015-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [4040,"THE POST-TRUTH AGE, THE FAKE NEWS INDUSTRY, THE ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cdb2/2318c30c72edca26586848484d535dfe4906.pdf","Mar 12, 2015 ... 980), they are in agreement that fake stories both in their intensity ... The campaign was officially condemned by the EU as fake news. ... Baltic. Journal of Law ...","EU","2015-03-12T00:00:00"],
    [4041,"BAD FAITH SET-UPS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES","https://cdn.ymaws.com/thefederation.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Events/PastConferences/2015_Winter_Handouts.pdf","Mar 7, 2015 ... policy based on material misinformation ... Contrast the U.S with the European Union (EU), which managed to enact a new risk- ... injurious to consumers; (c) ...","EU","2015-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [4042,"Science vs Conspiracy: Collective Narratives in the Age of ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118093&type=printable","Feb 23, 2015 ... Funding: Funding for this work was provided by EU ... Interesting is the popular case of Senator Cirenga's [57, 58] law proposing to fund policy makers with 134 ...","EU","2015-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [4043,"ANNEX I IN CONFIDENCE - COMMERCIALLY SENSITIVE - Ministry ...","https://www.transport.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Report/NZ-CX-Full-Report-Redacted-1.pdf","Feb 15, 2015 ... In the case of Hong Kong, there is no equivalent competition legislation. 30. Cathay Pacific is partly owned by the Swire Group and partly by Air China. We do ...","China","2015-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [4044,"REJECTS CLAIMS THAT INDEPENDENTS CANNOT ACCESS ...","https://automotivedealer.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AutomotiveDealerIssue06-Nov2014-1.pdf","Feb 15, 2015 ... lot of misinformation being spread; including ... commence legal proceedings in the ... Australia's first comprehensive review of competition laws and policy in 20 ...","Australia","2015-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [4045,"EIGHT FALLACIES ABOUT CRIME","https://in.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/67358_Felson_Chapter_1.pdf","Feb 12, 2015 ... the daily bombardment of dramatic misinformation about crime. ... Many of my students are in law enforcement, and I appreciate their role. ... Yet Canada and ...","Australia","2015-02-12T00:00:00"],
    [4046,"Ford Press Releases - Credibility Gap, 1966-1967","https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0054/4525525.pdf","Feb 10, 2015 ... This legislation will bel? to blaze a trail of ... statements about the extent of U.S. involvement, the degree to which American ... misinformation.\" I believe it ...","US","2015-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [4047,"THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RUMOUR COMMUNICATION IN ...","https://www.ejournals.eu/pliki/art/8172/","Feb 9, 2015 ... Rumours are often associated with the term misinformation or deliberately false infor- mation launched by the media. Especially press headlines feature ...","EU","2015-02-09T00:00:00"],
    [4048,"Policy Brief","https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep18840","Feb 5, 2015 ... 17 Nicu Popescu, “Hybrid Tactics: Neither New Nor Only Russian,” European Union. Institute for Security Studies, January 2015, http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/ ...","EU","2015-02-05T00:00:00"],
    [4049,"NLRB Permits False Campaign Statements in Union Representation ...","https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2531&context=law-review","Feb 4, 2015 ... Conference, Reference Manual For Continuing Legal Education Program, Midwest Labor Law ... The new political candidate disclosure laws (Federal Election Campaign ...","US","2015-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [4050,"The Forgotten Role of Consent in Defamation and Employment ...","https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1188&context=flr","Feb 4, 2015 ... misinformation in front of others.188 The court ... Smolla, Let the Author Beware: The Rejuvenation of the American. Law of Libel, 132 U. ... Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 ...","US","2015-02-04T00:00:00"],
    [4051,"Overconfidence in Political Behavior","http://pietroortoleva.com/papers/Ortoleva_Snowberg_Overconfidence.pdf","Feb 3, 2015 ... duction: why political rumors and misinformation ... Moderates with an Application to the U.S. Congress.” American Economic Review 90 (3): 605–20. ... : The Role of ...","US","2015-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [4052,"The False or Misleading Information Offence: Guidance for Providers","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a816f2fed915d74e33fe30b/FOMI_Guidance.pdf","Feb 1, 2015 ... legally required to provide by another piece of legislation. FOMI itself does not place any legal compunction on a provider to submit this information, it ...","US","2015-02-01T00:00:00"],
    [4053,"Anti-Bias Education","https://www.antibiasleadersece.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/what-is-ABE-derman-sparks.pdf","Jan 31, 2015 ... Whitney, Kids Like Us: Using Persona. Dolls in the Classroom (St. Paul, MN: Redleaf, 1999), pp. 107–10. Used with permission. Dealing with Misinformation.","US","2015-01-31T00:00:00"],
    [4054,"News, Agenda Building, and Intelligence Agencies: A Systematic ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/186464733.pdf","Jan 30, 2015 ... by legislation and courts) (Dee 1989, Sweeney ... disinformation (Boyd-Barrett 2004, Wheelwright 2014). ... irissproject.eu/. YouGov (2014) YouGov Survey ...","EU","2015-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [4055,"Media Ownership and Control Versus Press Freedom in a ...","https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/media-ownership-and-control-versus-press-freedom-in-a-democratic-africa-2165-7912-5-239.pdf","Jan 27, 2015 ... ignorance or misinformation. Second, information ... expression for decades will give us a clear light of how much work ... some form of statutory regulation.” This ...","US","2015-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [4056,"The 2015 Policy Address","https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2015/eng/pdf/PA2015.pdf","Jan 16, 2015 ... Provided we act in accordance with the law, capitalise on our ... of China, and they will remain unchanged for 50 years. ... The difference lies in the need for ...","China","2015-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [4057,"Editorial","https://journals.sas.ac.uk/lawreview/article/download/5338/5139/9409","Jan 15, 2015 ... disinformation and misinformation about the ... specific regulations, Volkswagen failed an EU-wide regulation. ... rights under the Act, the Equality Act 2010 and ...","EU","2015-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [4058,"Deception detection for news: Three types of fakes","https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010083","Jan 15, 2015 ... In law enforcement, credibility assessments, police work ... Rubin for the project entitled Digital Deception Detection: Identifying Deliberate Misinformation in ...","EU","2015-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [4059,"Fake News und Desinformation","https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783748901334.pdf?download_full_pdf=1","Jan 15, 2015 ... Disinformation and Misinformation Through the Internet. ... eu-eu-wide-indicators-digital competence ... Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 407-424. DOI ...","EU","2015-01-15T00:00:00"],
    [4060,"The CAMPAIGN ISSUE","https://givingto.msu.edu/media/stories-archive/pdf/Developments_Winter2015.pdf","Jan 13, 2015 ... Another cornerstone of a great university lies ... to China. From interns placed at Dow Chemical ... The College of Law will translate MSU's strengths into exciting ...","China","2015-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [4061,"Administration Promotes (a K J/^C S C IC O New Post o a r d o f T ...","https://services.library.drexel.edu/static_files/triangle/Drexel-Triangle_1966-10-07.pdf","Jan 11, 2015 ... With China's internal problems, how ever, in ... Drexel's new humor magazine has encountered its first legal difficulty; copyright laws. ... tion lies in the hot ...","China","2015-01-11T00:00:00"],
    [4062,"Addressing Issues of Corruption ln Commercial and lnvestment ...","https://www.shearman.com/-/media/files/perspectives/2018/12/20151001_yb_the_impact_of_corruption_on_gateway_issues.pdf?la=en&hash=F3E9E9068B4A87E3EDB3FF0982A70352796CB168","Jan 10, 2015 ... depending on whether or not the claim is brought in commercial or in investment treaty arbitration. L CONTRACT v TREATY: VARYING BASES FOR JURISDICTION. AND ...","China","2015-01-10T00:00:00"],
    [4063,"The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception","https://analepsis.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/cultureindustry.pdf","Jan 7, 2015 ... These adverse effects, however, should not be attributed to the internal laws of technology itself but to its function within the economy today. Any need which ...","US","2015-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [4064,"Allegation of research misconduct against Professor Martin Birchall ...","https://gbiomed.kuleuven.be/english/research/50000698/50489035/attachementsebook2/94-2015-1-pd-md-as-pm-screening-panel-report-final.pdf","Jan 3, 2015 ... Panel and afterwards unless formally sanctioned by UCL or otherwise required to by law. 6. Meetings of the Panel to consider the allegation, supporting ...","US","2015-01-03T00:00:00"],
    [4065,"Anonymity as a Legal Right: Where and Why It Matters","https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1272&context=ncjolt","Jan 1, 2015 ... html. 12 Philippa Warr, China Cracks Down on Internet Anonymity, WIRED.CO.UK,. (Dec. 28, ...","China","2015-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [4066,"NAC Redacted Disciplinary Decision 2009019108901","https://www.finra.org/sites/default/files/Scholander%20and%20%20Harris%202009019108901%20Final%20NAC%20Decision%2012-29-14_0_0_0_0.pdf","Dec 29, 2014 ... Likewise, a $6,075.46 check that cleared on January 27, 2010, paid Scholander for expenses he incurred in connection with the China trip. ... Regulation v. Field, ...","China","2014-12-29T00:00:00"],
    [4067,"The Applicability of the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive ...","https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2032&context=law-review","Dec 18, 2014 ... for greater relief than a common law ... Allegedly, that misinformation resulted in the ... 521 (1980) (overview of state statutes enacted to supplement the Federal ...","US","2014-12-18T00:00:00"],
    [4068,"a review of the barriers to and enablers of nutrition policy change","https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:d56fd40/UQd56fd40_OA.pdf","Dec 15, 2014 ... Australia: 3School of Public Health and Social ... focusing on regulation, legislation and public awareness ... unsubstantiated misinformation(32,38,39).","Australia","2014-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [4069,"Don't Tell the Government “It Wasn't Me”","https://www.pillsburylaw.com/images/content/6/5/v2/65690/AlertDecember2014PublicPracticesDontTelltheGovernmentItWasntMe.pdf","Dec 15, 2014 ... In rejecting both of these arguments and granting judgment for the government, the ASBCA focused on two fundamental rules that prime contractors may easily miss ...","US","2014-12-15T00:00:00"],
    [4070,"Free Speech 2014","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/free-speech-report2014.pdf","Dec 11, 2014 ... The answer lies ... China, is the globalisation of the media market. ... We have however implemented a number of our treaty commitments in legislation such as the ...","China","2014-12-10T00:00:00"],
    [4071,"The association between exaggeration in health related science ...","https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/349/bmj.g7015.full.pdf","Dec 9, 2014 ... ... Australia; 5Department of ... of misinformation. Of 200 randomly selected ... exaggerated (relative to their own judgment of what was scientifically justified).","Australia","2014-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [4072,"THE INFORMATION WAR ON UKRAINE NEW CHALLENGES","https://www.cicerofoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Jolanta_Darczewska_Info_War_Ukraine.pdf","Dec 8, 2014 ... realise the scale of disinformation ... criticise NATO, the EU and the US to raise political capital). ... Most importantly, however, it refuses to reckon with the ...","EU","2014-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [4073,"The Dark Side of Justice: Misidentification","https://criminaljustice.rutgers.edu/images/stories/Program/HonorsTheses/MeganMoranThesis.pdf","Dec 8, 2014 ... Law and. Human Behavior, 33, 1-24. Wheeler v. United States, 159 U.S. 523, 524 (1895). Yarmey, A. D. (2001). Expert Testimony: Does Eyewitness ...","US","2014-12-08T00:00:00"],
    [4074,"Rumors and Misinformation:","http://go.everbridge.com/rs/everbridge/images/Rumors_and_Misinformation.pdf","Dec 7, 2014 ... In the past, organizations learned and shared information about an event through traditional methods – notifications from law enforcement, news media, ...","US","2014-12-07T00:00:00"],
    [4075,"The Ethics of Government Whistleblowing","https://www.jstor.org/stable/24332319","Dec 3, 2014 ... Stone, \"WikiLeaks, the Proposed SHIELD. Act, and the First Amendment,\" Journal of National Security Law and Policy 5 (2011):. 105-18; Mary-Rose Papandrea, \"The ...","China","2014-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [4076,"Information and informed decision-making","https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/981_Private%20Health%20Report_2013-14_web%20FA.pdf","Dec 3, 2014 ... 3 The ACCC has also received submissions about certain conduct by insurers that may potentially breach the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). ... of misinformation.","Australia","2014-12-03T00:00:00"],
    [4077,"Consultation Paper Defamation Law in Northern Ireland","https://niopa.qub.ac.uk/bitstream/NIOPA/1503/1/final_version_-_defamation_law_in_northern_ireland_consultation_paper_-_nilc_19__2014_.pdf","Nov 27, 2014 ... Whether such continuing misinformation is in the public ... Protections afforded to fair and accurate reports of various public proceedings in the UK and EU are ...","EU","2014-11-27T00:00:00"],
    [4078,"Measuring and circumventing Internet censorship","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:758124/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 25, 2014 ... In particular, we 1) analyse how the Great Firewall of. China is blocking the Tor network by using active probing techniques as well as side channel ...","China","2014-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [4079,"Deconstructing the Regulatory Facade: Why Confused Consumers ...","http://www.diabeticcatinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Harvard-Law-School-Pet-Food-Industry-Patrick06.pdf","Nov 22, 2014 ... at the federal level under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. ... to regulations and legislation.119 ... misinformation to seek the truth about pet nutrition ...","US","2014-11-22T00:00:00"],
    [4080,"ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN MANAGING ...","https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19041/dissertation_ntsele_cn.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Nov 15, 2014 ... Mestry and Bisschoff (2009: 17) highlight that the legal framework that underpins the financial management of schools, is the South African Schools Act (SASA), ...","Australia","2014-11-15T00:00:00"],
    [4081,"Corruption and Collective Action","https://www.shareweb.ch/site/DDLGN/Documents/U4%202015%20Corruption%20and%20CollectiveAction.pdf","Nov 12, 2014 ... ... lies in the inappropriate theoretical foundations ... Legal Determinants of External Finance. ... Policy. Sciences , 29 (3), 243-270. Schramm, M. and Taube, M. ( ...","China","2014-11-12T00:00:00"],
    [4082,"Eliciting Reliable Information in Investigative Interviews","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2372732214548592","Nov 6, 2014 ... legal proceedings. Professionally conducted interviews use techniques based on psychological science. This advances investigations by eliciting high-quality ...","Australia","2014-11-06T00:00:00"],
    [4083,"We Are All Confident Idiots - Pacific Standard","https://www3.nd.edu/~ghaeffel/ConfidentIdiots.pdf","Oct 27, 2014 ... In 2006, Daniel Kahan · Daniel Kahan, a professor at Yale Law School, performed a study together with some colleagues on public perceptions of nanotechnology.","Australia","2014-10-27T00:00:00"],
    [4084,"Misinformation and Misperceptions: A Little Knowledge Can Be ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/42864305","Oct 24, 2014 ... racial polarization achieves legal significance. The Model Grofman Criticizes. The model that Grofman criticizes was not used to assess racial polariza- tion ...","US","2014-10-24T00:00:00"],
    [4085,"Corruption and Ideology in Autocracies","https://lwantche.scholar.princeton.edu/document/24","Oct 22, 2014 ... Sun, Yan. 2001. “The Politics of Conceptualizing Corruption Reform in China,” 35 Crime,. Law and Social Change 245–270. —— ...","China","2014-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [4086,"The credibility of CSR (corporate social responsibility) reports in ...","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0959652616002377","Oct 22, 2014 ... For China and South Africa, non-financial disclosure increased when laws were passed and this regulation had a positive effect on companies' financial ...","China","2014-10-22T00:00:00"],
    [4087,"Rethinking Transparency in U.S. Elections","https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2763&context=facpubs","Oct 21, 2014 ... A court order extending polling place hours. 5. State law mandates provisional ballots. U.S. ELECTION. ASSISTANCE. COMMISSION, VOTER GUIDE. (2011), available at.","US","2014-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [4088,"ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY, PARTICIPATION, AND ...","https://carnegieendowment.org/files/new_development_consensus.pdf","Oct 20, 2014 ... Much more work lies ... widening campaign for freedom of information that in many places produced new laws and regulation guaranteeing citizens' right of access ...","China","2014-10-20T00:00:00"],
    [4089,"Understanding the Misinterpretations & the Fallacy of the Adam ...","https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=ger","Oct 18, 2014 ... Adam Smith is one of the greatest victims of this misinterpretation and misrepresentation. Smith's reputation as the father of modern economics will most likely ...","China","2014-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [4090,"Why Misinforma(on Exists & How to Properly Debunk Myths","https://www.paesta.org/sites/default/files/mandia_gsa_short_course_2014_misinformation_debunking.pdf","Oct 18, 2014 ... Majority (52.65%) of coverage in the US ... misinformation, Journal of Geoscience Education, September 2014, Vol. ... 154; GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper ...","US","2014-10-18T00:00:00"],
    [4091,"POLITICAL LAW","https://jhcsccollegeoflaw.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/political_law_nachura-libre.pdf","Oct 16, 2014 ... ... law principles [Cruz, Constitutional Law, pp. 4-5]. b ... misinformation, junking or contrived bandwagon ... Australia) does not violate the prohibition ...","Australia","2014-10-16T00:00:00"],
    [4092,"FAKE NEWS A ROADMAP","https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/fake_news_book_final_full_version.pdf","Oct 9, 2014 ... He, moreover, suggested that judgment of media outlets was not a question of factual accuracy, but of alignment with a set of views. 'Fake news' and 'post-truth ...","China","2014-10-09T00:00:00"],
    [4093,"Digital Market Manipulation","https://www.gwlr.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Calo_82_41.pdf","Oct 4, 2014 ... In 2010, Stanford Law School sent a delegation to Beijing, China, to discuss Internet law, and I was there to cover consumer privacy. I gave a fairly ...","China","2014-10-04T00:00:00"],
    [4094,"Understanding how the Australian vaccine‐refusal movement ...","https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:fc8edfb/UQfc8edfb_OA.pdf","Oct 3, 2014 ... Participants commented that such legislation infringes on their personal freedoms, coerces them to undertake the potentially risky procedure of vaccinating, and ...","Australia","2014-10-03T00:00:00"],
    [4095,"The Facebook Status that Sparked an SEC Investigation: Regulation ...","https://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2552&context=lawreview","Oct 2, 2014 ... Regulation FD extends from the federal securities laws with the ob- jective of ensuring full and fair disclosure to the investing public.25. To further ...","US","2014-10-02T00:00:00"],
    [4096,"FRAUD IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY | safety4sea","https://www.safety4sea.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/pdf/Fraud_in_the_maritime_industry.pdf","Sep 30, 2014 ... In all cases, however, misinformation is used to obtain ... Office in England or the Department of Justice in the United States. ... law and law practice. As such ...","US","2014-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4097,"Information Asymmetry and Power in a Surveillance Society","https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58726/8/MPRA_paper_58726.pdf","Sep 19, 2014 ... 'EU Data-Retention Law Tramples on Privacy, Top Court Says', Bloomberg, 8th April. Willey, D. (2013) 'The Vatican Bank is Rocked by Scandal Again', BBC, July 18 ...","EU","2014-09-19T00:00:00"],
    [4098,"Information Frictions and the Law of One Price: “When the States ...","https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/ersd201412_e.pdf","Sep 16, 2014 ... Journal of Economic Literature. 39(4), 1177–1203. Rauch, J. E. and V. Trindade: 2002, 'Ethnic Chinese Networks In International Trade'. The Review of. Economics ...","China","2014-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [4099,"Reporting Without Regrets: - The SEC Whistleblower Handbook","https://secwhistlebloweradvocate.com/pdf/SEC_Whistleblower_Program_Handbook.pdf","Sep 15, 2014 ... or the information was obtained by means determined by a United States court to violate federal or state criminal law. ... investors with misinformation or false ...","US","2014-09-15T00:00:00"],
    [4100,"Institutional Betrayal","https://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/articles/sf2014.pdf","Sep 10, 2014 ... law enforcement (Violanti, 1997), or being ... Supporting Cover-Ups and Misinformation. Within an ... Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 40 F.E.P. Cases 439 (1986) ...","US","2014-09-10T00:00:00"],
    [4101,"Fraud, Bias and Public Relations — The 97% 'consensus' and its ...","https://www.thegwpf.org/content/uploads/2014/09/Warming-consensus-and-it-critics1.pdf","Sep 8, 2014 ... Similarly, Alan Carlin, formerly of the US Environmental Protection Agency, has crit-.","US","2014-09-08T00:00:00"],
    [4102,"Raising Climate Literacy Through Addressing Misinformation: Case ...","https://apps.weber.edu/wsuimages/geography/Cook%2C%20Bedford%20and%20Mandia%20Case%20studies%20in%20ABL%20JGE%202014.pdf","Sep 2, 2014 ... A number of studies have sought to measure the scientific consensus, with surveys of the climate science community finding around 97% agreement among publishing ...","China","2014-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4103,"Issues in Information Systems","https://iacis.org/iis/2014/95_iis_2014_103-109.pdf","Aug 30, 2014 ... “A law ... What can be done to lesson or negate the impact of using this information, or misinformation to assassinate ones character? ... The federal government ...","US","2014-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [4104,"5 common rut misconceptions","https://www.drdeer.com/uploads/cms/nav-17-5801202c0f63b.pdf","Aug 30, 2014 ... There still seems to be a great deal of confusion about the breeding biology of whitetails, and there remains considerable misinformation about the rut. Yet, ...","US","2014-08-30T00:00:00"],
    [4105,"Politics and the Limits of Responsibility to Protect'","https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/files/2814605/LEEp_2014_cright_RAF_APR_Politics_and_the_limits_of_responsibility_to_protect.pdf","Aug 29, 2014 ... Herein lies the ... China maintaining a strong non-interventionist stance. ... government's legal claim: a doctrine is neither a legal article nor a legal rule.","China","2014-08-29T00:00:00"],
    [4106,"The Effect of Interpreters on Eliciting Information, Cues to Deceit and ...","https://pure.port.ac.uk/ws/files/1839205/The_Effect_of_Interpreters.pdf","Aug 20, 2014 ... For us, the most likely (albeit speculative) ... & Law, 11, 99-122. doi: 10.1080 ... Rapport-building and susceptibility to misinformation in an investigative mock- ...","US","2014-08-20T00:00:00"],
    [4107,"BUILDING TRUST AND TRANSPARENCY IN THE ZIMBABWE ...","https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M6Z1.pdf","Aug 15, 2014 ... As such there were inadequate legal or regulatory tools to compel either industry or government to become more transparent. The existing Mines Act (1923, ...","EU","2014-08-15T00:00:00"],
    [4108,"Misleading and aggressive commercial practices: new private rights ...","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b3b62f7e5274a6ff156b59a/misleading-aggressive-commercial-practices-guidance.pdf","Aug 14, 2014 ... Misleading omissions remain a criminal offence under regulation 6 of the 2008. Regulations, enforceable by Trading Standards, but consumers have no private ...","EU","2014-08-14T00:00:00"],
    [4109,"Disclaimer","https://www.nps.gov/olym/learn/historyculture/upload/resized_Wray_2014_Queets-Ethnohistory_Redacted.pdf","Aug 10, 2014 ... 1856 Treaty of Olympia (or Treaty with the Quinault, 18551). ... on ships traveling to China, Japan, and Alaska ... misinformation continued. . . . Considerable ...","China","2014-08-10T00:00:00"],
    [4110,"Hacking the discourse: Leaked emails, transparency, and ...","https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/sorensen_leaked_emails.pdf","Aug 6, 2014 ... Leaked emails, in particular, were a key vehicle for the spread of disinformation during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, and little has been done to ...","US","2014-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [4111,"Tort Liability for Negligent Misrepresentation","https://www.jstor.org/stable/3308295","Aug 6, 2014 ... ... misinformation as to trust property to one ... us later, but it is important to realize at this ... judgment would lead to an imposition of absolute liability.","US","2014-08-06T00:00:00"],
    [4112,"Overconfident Consumers in the Marketplace","https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.29.4.9","Aug 2, 2014 ... “More Transpar- ency and Cheaper Roaming Prices for EU Citizens. ... “Consumer Inat- tention and Bill-Shock Regulation. ... market: a bargaining pricing model with ...","EU","2014-08-02T00:00:00"],
    [4113,"Library Policy","https://www.newcastlede.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5649/Collection-Development-Policy-PDF","Aug 1, 2014 ... Authors who wish us ... exercising critical judgment, will select the good and reject the bad. ... We trust Americans to recognize propaganda and misinformation, ...","US","2014-08-01T00:00:00"],
    [4114,"Everyone Lies: The Ukraine Conflict and Russia's Media ...","https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/d88-dougherty.pdf","Jul 29, 2014 ... without this relentless stream of disinformation and Russian provocateurs fostering unrest in eastern Ukraine.” In April, as heavily armed pro-Russian groups ...","EU","2014-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [4115,"I FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT SOURCE BOOK ...","https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/oip/legacy/2014/07/23/Sourcebk1974Final.pdf","Jul 23, 2014 ... ... legislation to clarify and strengthen the law. The ... misinformation, and secret sins with secret ... China history for which funds from th!' Endowment ...","China","2014-07-23T00:00:00"],
    [4116,"Risk Appetite: The Interpolation of Risk and Strategy","https://www.centralbank.ie/docs/default-source/publications/discussion-papers/discussion-paper-4/risk-management-international---response-to-risk-appetite-discussion-paper.pdf?sfvrsn=4a15d81d_2","Jul 21, 2014 ... The adage 'poor information input, misinformation output' is appropriate and reminds us that tools and techniques in the wrong hands can precipitate disastrous.","US","2014-07-21T00:00:00"],
    [4117,"Disenchanting Trust: Instrumental Reason, Algorithmic Governance ...","https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/download/3806/2042","Jul 20, 2014 ... list administered by the Chinese Supreme People's Court. ... logical modernization lies in the encroachment of tech-.","China","2014-07-20T00:00:00"],
    [4118,"Legal Ethics & Policy Considerations in E-Communications & Social ...","https://legal.iml.org/cms/files/pages/LegalEthicsSocialMedia.pdf","Jul 18, 2014 ... ... U.S. District Court, causing firm lawyers to miss ... Information is spread at the speed of light, as well as misinformation. ... Attorneys who are government ...","US","2014-07-18T00:00:00"],
    [4119,"Report on Insurance Contract Law: Business Disclosure; Warranties ...","https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/index.php/download_file/view/1291/141/","Jul 3, 2014 ... 5.76 The law on disclosure and misrepresentation was codified in the 1906 Act. Although the development of case law has in some instances signalled a.","China","2014-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [4120,"Disputing Errors in a Credit Report","https://www.nclc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/cf_disputing-errors-in-a-credit-report.pdf","Jul 3, 2014 ... Federal law gives you the right to submit a dispute and request an investigation when you discover an error in your credit report. Under the Fair Credit ...","US","2014-07-03T00:00:00"],
    [4121,"RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH AND CENSORSHIP: A ...","https://www.jstor.org/stable/43953700","Jul 1, 2014 ... The State of Western Australia [2006] WASCA 258 at para 4. Page 2. 176 Journal of the Indian Law Institute [Vol. 56: 2.","China","2014-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [4122,"fda offers draft guidance concerning the presentation and correction ...","https://www.kramerlevin.com/a/web/2031/Advertising-Client-Alert-June-26-2014-FDA-Offers-Draft-Guidance-Social-Media.pdf","Jun 26, 2014 ... With respect to the correction of misinformation disseminated on internet and social media platforms by third parties (sometimes referred to as user-generated ...","US","2014-06-26T00:00:00"],
    [4123,"Advertising is one of the tools used for persuasive communication to ...","https://pub.abuad.edu.ng/Open_Access_Research_Projects_of_Universities_-_Batch_2/MASS%20COMMUNICATION/impact%20of%20bilboard%20advertising%20on%20product%20promotion.pdf","Jun 23, 2014 ... statutory regulation codified laws. Decree 55 of ... misinformation and misleading consumer goods. ... We believe it is good for us; it will make us iron better or ...","US","2014-06-23T00:00:00"],
    [4124,"Guidance for Industry – Internet/Social Media Platforms: Correcting ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/88545/download","Jun 17, 2014 ... voluntary correction of misinformation when that misinformation is created or disseminated by ... under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) ...","EU","2014-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [4125,"MISCONCEPTIONS, ALLEGATIONS OR MISUNDERSTANDINGS ...","https://www.muslim-library.com/dl/books/English_MISCONCEPTIONS_ALLEGATIONS_OR_MISUNDERSTANDINGS_ABOUT_ISLAM_AND_MUSLIMS.pdf","Jun 16, 2014 ... media accompanied by gross misinformation ... hours in America. According to the same U.S. ... Criminal law is that law which is associated with a crime or an act ...","US","2014-06-16T00:00:00"],
    [4126,"The Media and Markets: How Systematic Misreporting Inflates ...","https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/d86-theil.pdf","Jun 11, 2014 ... Dripping with generalities and spin, few of these stories tell us ... unrest and martial law, as administration officials allegedly did during negotiations with.","US","2014-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [4127,"The Media and Markets: How Systematic Misreporting Inflates ...","https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/12872174/d86-theil.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Jun 11, 2014 ... Dripping with generalities and spin, few of these stories tell us ... unrest and martial law, as administration officials allegedly did during negotiations with.","US","2014-06-11T00:00:00"],
    [4128,"States of defamation: the drive to decriminalize libel in Europe","https://www.etd.ceu.edu/2014/gulyas_orsolya.pdf","Jun 9, 2014 ... Under the term „drive‟ basically an agenda to enforce international standards in national laws and legislation is understood. ... lies at the heart reform that is ...","China","2014-06-08T00:00:00"],
    [4129,"When Family Courts Shun Adversarialism - GLENNA GOLDIS","https://sjlr.law.ucdavis.edu/archives/vol-18-no-2/Goldis.pdf","Jun 5, 2014 ... of Revenue is required by state and federal law to provide services to ... instincts tell us ... Unrepresented parties are especially vulnerable to misinformation ...","US","2014-06-05T00:00:00"],
    [4130,"Registering Offense: The Prohibition of Slurs as Trademarks","https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=facsch_legsrp","May 29, 2014 ... stereotypes and misinformation about fellow citizens. ... http://oami.europa.eu ... In fact, trademarks deemed too immoral, scandalous, or disparaging to be ...","EU","2014-05-29T00:00:00"],
    [4131,"Operation Twist-the-Truth: How the Federal Reserve Misrepresents ...","https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/journals/cato/v34i2/f_0031471_25519.pdf","May 27, 2014 ... I frequently rely on such research in identifying misinformation ... ing legislation authorizing U.S. Treasury notes (“greenbacks”), estab-.","China","2014-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4132,"Memory for flip-flopping: Detection and recollection of political ...","https://www.larryjacoby.ca/images/Putnam%20et%20al.%20-%202014%20-%20Memory%20for%20flip-flopping%20Detection%20and%20recollecti.pdf","May 24, 2014 ... The misinformation paradigm, for example, uses a retroactive interference design with slide shows about car accidents and robberies rather than word lists ( ...","US","2014-05-24T00:00:00"],
    [4133,"Fraud risk management Developing a strategy for prevention ...","https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2014/05/fraud-risk-management-strategy-prevention-detection-response-O-201405.pdf","May 18, 2014 ... Fraudulent financial reporting (i.e., the misrepresentation of financial information). ... The Anti-Money Laundering Law of the People's Republic of. China (the ...","China","2014-05-18T00:00:00"],
    [4134,"WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: REASONS, REMEDIES, AND CASE ...","https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Morgan,%20Brittnay_2014_Thesis.pdf","May 15, 2014 ... misinformation and source monitoring errors (Wise ... Taylor's lawyers in federal court (Northwestern Law & Michigan Law, n.d.). ... Circuit of the U.S. Court of ...","US","2014-05-15T00:00:00"],
    [4135,"“Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws ...","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/05-13-14PassmanTestimony.pdf","May 13, 2014 ... documents to a new job with the China branch of another North American company.28. Cultural and technological factors may heighten the insider threat in ...","China","2014-05-13T00:00:00"],
    [4136,"False Advertisement in Nutrition and Its Effects on Society","https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/42871/PDF/1/","May 11, 2014 ... (JP). Recently, Wal-Marts in china were forced to close over falsely labeled pork. ... might accuse a product of being in violation of federal law and FDA ...","China","2014-05-11T00:00:00"],
    [4137,"Foreign Policy and the Rational Public","https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/5171759/mod_resource/content/0/SHAPIRO%2C%20PAGE.%20Foreign%20Policy%20and%20the%20Rational%20Public%2C%201988.pdf","May 9, 2014 ... United States' position in the world. It is our judgment that the. American public has generally responded in a sensible fashion to international and domestic ...","US","2014-05-09T00:00:00"],
    [4138,"“Unspoken Conspiracy”","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30830875.pdf","May 6, 2014 ... century papal bulls, and the directive from the Vatican in the papal bull Dum Diversas was that the Christian duty of explorers (sent out by their Christian ...","Australia","2014-05-06T00:00:00"],
    [4139,"Knowledge Does Not Protect Against Illusory Truth","https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/xge-0000098.pdf","May 5, 2014 ... E-mail: lisa.fazio@vanderbilt.edu. This document is copyrighted by the. American. Psychological. Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is.","US","2014-05-05T00:00:00"],
    [4140,"Beyond Instructions to Disregard: When Objections Backfire and ...","https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=faculty","May 3, 2014 ... Experiment 2 used new materials, allowing us to make changes to the procedure. ... Sources of the continued influence effect: When misinformation ... The law and ...","US","2014-05-03T00:00:00"],
    [4141,"Defamation, Invasion of Privacy, and the Press in the People's ...","https://escholarship.org/content/qt47j9n9s0/qt47j9n9s0.pdf?t=n4ovld","Apr 29, 2014 ... or misrepresentation. 39 The increased incidence ... CRIMINAL LAW AND THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF CHINA 115, 131 (Jerome ... CHINESE L. 251 (1987). 1993]. Page ...","China","2014-04-29T00:00:00"],
    [4142,"Health Misinformation and the Power of Narrative Messaging in the ...","https://lab.research.sickkids.ca/anthony/wp-content/uploads/sites/75/2019/07/Health-misinformation-and-the-power-of-narrative-messaging-in-the-public-sphere..pdf","Apr 26, 2014 ... All age groups in North America use social media heavily [20,21], so the influence of social networking platforms will continue to be significant. We know, ...","US","2014-04-26T00:00:00"],
    [4143,"False or misleading information","https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7ef1f040f0b62305b84298/140422_FOMI_ConDoc.pdf","Apr 25, 2014 ... The primary legislation requires that regulations specify which information and which care providers the FOMI offence applies to. The FOMI offence does not ...","US","2014-04-25T00:00:00"],
    [4144,"The Exclusion of Improperly Obtained Evidence at the International ...","https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=llm_theses","Apr 24, 2014 ... Herein – at the point of operationalizing the Rome Statute – lies ... As a preliminary point, one might look to the Vienna. Convention on the Law of Treaties,40 a ...","China","2014-04-24T00:00:00"],
    [4145,"Policy on preventing discrimination because of Gender Identity and ...","https://www.ohrc.on.ca/sites/default/files/Policy%20on%20preventing%20discrimination%20because%20of%20gender%20identity%20and%20gender%20expression.pdf","Apr 19, 2014 ... Rights, Same-sex Relationships and Canadian Law (Ottawa: Egale Canada Human Rights Trust, 2003), at 46. 13 The Supreme Court of Canada has recently said that “ ...","US","2014-04-19T00:00:00"],
    [4146,"OVERVIEW OF FALSE CLAIMS AND FRAUD LEGISLATION ...","https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/jmd/legacy/2014/07/11/hear-j-99-112-1986.pdf","Apr 11, 2014 ... a contractor who, through negligence or misinformation, submits ... United States, the Supreme Court in United States ... of interesting legal issues and let us see ...","US","2014-04-11T00:00:00"],
    [4147,"Simon In Performance: The Analysis And Direction Of Rumors","https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2587&context=theses","Apr 9, 2014 ... became the 41st U.S. President. Chief among ... I broke the law; now society's wrath hounds me. ... This serves misinformation as a recurring. Page 58. 47 idea in ...","US","2014-04-09T00:00:00"],
    [4148,"16 Alteration of Medical Records: Turning a Winner into a Loser","https://www.mlmic.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DatelineFall16.pdf","Apr 7, 2014 ... The legal guidelines for maintain- ing medical records are found in New. York licensing statutes and other state and federal regulations. They are general in ...","US","2014-04-07T00:00:00"],
    [4149,"How to be Gracious about Political Loss—The Importance of Good ...","https://norceresearch.brage.unit.no/norceresearch-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/3089662/esaiasson-et-al-2022-how-to-be-gracious-about-political-loss-the-importance-of-good-loser-messages-in-policy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","Apr 3, 2014 ... ... Eu- ropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and ... misinformation. British Journal of Political ... Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 1(1), 171–201.","EU","2014-04-03T00:00:00"],
    [4150,"Emotions, Partisanship, and Misperceptions: How Anger and ...","https://rcgd.isr.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Weeks_2015.pdf","Apr 2, 2014 ... the misinformation when it conflicts with their ... ment rate, and the current U.S. Secretary of State. ... legal to execute juve- niles in the United States ...","US","2014-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [4151,"Sources of Unreliable Testimony from Children","https://docs.rwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1537&context=rwu_LR","Apr 2, 2014 ... ** Jason Dickinson, Associate Professor of Psychology at Montclair State. University (Montclair, NJ 07043, USA) earned a Ph.D. in Legal Psychology from Florida ...","US","2014-04-02T00:00:00"],
    [4152,"How we deal with complaints and concerns A guide for data ...","https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/1561/how-we-deal-with-complaints-and-concerns-a-guide-for-data-controllers.pdf","Apr 1, 2014 ... What does the law say? Under section 42 of the ... comply with the law. On receiving such a request, the ... All feedback about our service is valuable to us.","US","2014-04-01T00:00:00"],
    [4153,"The News Management Issue","http://niemanreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Spring-1963_150.pdf","Mar 31, 2014 ... The Anti-Secrecy Law has shown itself to be a law in ... \"half truths\" and \"misinformation.\" And as ... (Australia) newspapers, \"morning 60,000, evening 40,000 ...","Australia","2014-03-31T00:00:00"],
    [4154,"Olympus Corporation Financial Statement Fraud Case Study: The ...","https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268110264.pdf","Mar 29, 2014 ... They may also use the rationalization that “everyone here lies and cheats. ... Research in Accounting Regulation, 15, 151-166. 4 ... U.S. and China. Corporate ...","China","2014-03-29T00:00:00"],
    [4155,"Framing a mystery: Information subsidies and media coverage of ...","https://msbfile03.usc.edu/digitalmeasures/lbier/intellcont/PRR%20-%20Park%20Bier%20%20Palenchar-1.pdf","Mar 25, 2014 ... treaty includes an initial sum of approximately $150,000–175,000 per deceased passenger. ... Similarly, China Daily was originally founded by the Chinese govern-.","China","2014-03-25T00:00:00"],
    [4156,"THE MUTUAL NON-DENIAL PRINCIPLE, CHINA'S INTERESTS ...","https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1219&context=mscas","Mar 19, 2014 ... Su Chi, “Professor Hungdah Chiu, Taiwan, and Cross-Strait Relations,” Mary- land Journal of International Law, 27, 2012, 36-47. Page 4. \\\\jciprod01\\productn\\A\\ ...","China","2014-03-19T00:00:00"],
    [4157,"Compulsive policy-making—The evolution of the German feed-in ...","https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jhuenteler/files/rp_germany_pv.pdf","Mar 18, 2014 ... 3. Development of annual EEG difference cost and apportionment for solar PV in Germany. Data from BDEW (2011). the law was very positive. Especially the growing ...","China","2014-03-18T00:00:00"],
    [4158,"INFORMATION POWER AND RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY ...","https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/3791/3356","Mar 15, 2014 ... Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). ... with fake news campaign. https://www.dw.com/en ... disinformation/russia-deploying ...","EU","2014-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [4159,"FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND RIGHT TO INFORMATION IN ...","https://internews.org/sites/default/files/resources/InternewsEU_ASEAN_FoE_and_RTI_Study_2014.pdf","Mar 15, 2014 ... Tellingly, several ASEAN nations have cybercrime legislation; and while generally aimed at combating online crimes such as pornography and financial scams, ...","EU","2014-03-15T00:00:00"],
    [4160,"Misleading Internet Web Site about the Bible","http://jesusisthewaythetruththelife.com/PastorBob/MWS.pdf","Mar 14, 2014 ... The entire subject of this verse concerns those who have passed on before us. Paul is explaining to us they will return with Christ at the 7th Trumpet. Nowhere ...","US","2014-03-13T00:00:00"],
    [4161,"daily struggles: private print media, the state, and democratic ...","https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstreams/0c2ed0ff-99e2-4e64-97db-865f8c59ebf0/download","Mar 11, 2014 ... ... Act, the Official Secrets Act, the Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament Act, the Prisons Act and the Law and Order Maintenance Act of 1960.","EU","2014-03-11T00:00:00"],
    [4162,"persuasion and manipulation of the consumer through advertising","https://store.ectap.ro/articole/951.pdf","Mar 7, 2014 ... All these arguments support the idea that the law and the self-interest are not sufficient guidelines for good conduct in marketing advertising. The advertisers ...","China","2014-03-07T00:00:00"],
    [4163,"RESPONDING TO RESEARCH WRONGDOING: A USER ...","https://research.uark.edu/documents/rscp/responding-to-research-wrongdoing.pdf","Mar 6, 2014 ... Laws control the lesser man. Right conduct controls the greater one. Chinese Proverb ... Going into detail about the formal reporting processes lies well beyond ...","China","2014-03-06T00:00:00"],
    [4164,"Beyond the Thermostat: A Theory of Public Opinion Change","https://pages.charlotte.edu/mary-atkinson/wp-content/uploads/sites/619/2014/02/BeyondThermostat.pdf","Feb 28, 2014 ... stitution to make it against the law for homosexual couples to get married anywhere in the U.S., or should each state make its own laws on homosexual marriage?","US","2014-02-28T00:00:00"],
    [4165,"CRC0011 - Evidence on Complaints and Raising Concerns","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/48814/pdf/","Feb 24, 2014 ... When we pointed out that they have not, they then ignored us. The key documents they ignored include: • Expert opinions. • Legal advice. • Case law. • ...","US","2014-02-24T00:00:00"],
    [4166,"Guidelines Practices of Inside Information Disclosure of A + H ...","https://www.hkcgi.org.hk/media/publication/attachment/PUBLICATION_A_2359_Guidelines%20for%20practices%20of%20inside%20information%20of%20A+H%20Companies_Eng%20and%20Chi.pdf","Feb 23, 2014 ... UK and EU adopts a similar approach to assess materiality. ... board procedures, and all applicable law, rules and regulations, are followed, ... incorrect data and ...","EU","2014-02-23T00:00:00"],
    [4167,"The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination ...","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=printable&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089177","Feb 20, 2014 ... In the health domain, one prominent conspiracy theory proposes that birth control and HIV/AIDS are forms of genocide against the African American community.","US","2014-02-20T00:00:00"],
    [4168,"Cyber Elections in the Digital Age: Threats and Opportunities of ...","https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f779/bd7bdaae141e2b54e9e9270a00f98bad4d88.pdf","Feb 19, 2014 ... Before an election is even called, preparations are taking place: electoral laws are passed and implemented, voters are registered, and electoral management ...","EU","2014-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [4169,"From “Propaganda” to “Guided Communication”: Animating Political ...","https://www.ledonline.it/index.php/LCM-Journal/article/download/1512/1171","Feb 19, 2014 ... Comparing Chinese and EU Soft Power: The Credibility Factor ... “Fake News”. ... “The Panopticon as the Antithesis of a Space of Freedom: Control and Regulation of ...","EU","2014-02-19T00:00:00"],
    [4170,"The Regulation of Electronic Evidence in the United Arab Emirates ...","https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/files/20576087/null","Feb 15, 2014 ... 24Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China [China]. Adopted at ... regulatory issue, however, its importance lies in the positive results of such ...","China","2014-02-15T00:00:00"],
    [4171,"Consumer Actions Against Unfair or Deceptive Acts or Practices ...","https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1946&context=facpub","Feb 11, 2014 ... Although the vast body of federal trade practices law interpreting the unfairness and deception proscriptions of section 5 was developed by an agency that ...","US","2014-02-11T00:00:00"],
    [4172,"Injury By Algorithm: A Look Into Google's Liability For Defamatory ...","https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1581&context=elr","Feb 7, 2014 ... See generally Defamation Law - Guide to Libel and Slander Law, HG. ... Conversely, the governments of China and Iran have restricted access to certain Google ...","China","2014-02-07T00:00:00"],
    [4173,"1 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES TOPIC: Breach Notification ...","https://www.wvhin.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/WVHIN_Breach_Notification_Policy_2-22-15.pdf","Jan 30, 2014 ... Federal law is more stringent than applicable state law for Breaches of. Unsecured Protected Health Information. Generally, Participating Organizations ...","US","2014-01-30T00:00:00"],
    [4174,"Fake images: The effects of source, intermediary, and digital media ...","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461444818799526","Jan 23, 2014 ... judgment. The images tested in this study were ... However, given the amount of misinformation and disinformation ... She is currently an assistant professor at the ...","China","2014-01-23T00:00:00"],
    [4175,"Fighting food fraud","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/bibliotheque/briefing/2014/130679/LDM_BRI%282014%29130679_REV1_EN.pdf","Jan 16, 2014 ... The responsibility for enforcing food law lies with Member States (MS) who carry out official controls in the supply chain. Current EU legislation on the ...","China","2014-01-16T00:00:00"],
    [4176,"Ratio Bias and Policy Preferences: How Equivalency Framing of ...","https://www.asc.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/2021-03/Ratio%20Bias%20and%20Policy%20Preferences-%20How%20Equivalency%20Framing%20of%20Numbers%20Can%20Affect%20Attitudes.pdf","Jan 7, 2014 ... and PO Box 378 Carlton South, 3053 Victoria, Australia ... Yale Law School, Public Law Working Paper. Kahan ... Misinformation and the currency of demo- cratic ...","Australia","2014-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [4177,"The Monsanto Lecture: Online Defamation, Legal Concepts, and ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1850&context=faculty_scholarship","Jan 7, 2014 ... a touch ironic that Stratton Oakmont's right to protect its reputation is the source of American Internet defamation law today. 39. The ISP industry rushed to ...","US","2014-01-07T00:00:00"],
    [4178,"The Demand and Need for Transparency and Disclosure in ...","https://www.hrpub.org/download/20140105/UJM3-12101630.pdf","Jan 5, 2014 ... Hong Kong remains an attractive place for Chinese enterprises to raise funds from, and for international investors to invest their money in, only if the ...","China","2014-01-05T00:00:00"],
    [4179,"Policy Brief 14-2: Addressing Currency Manipulation Through Trade ...","https://www.piie.com/sites/default/files/publications/pb/pb14-2.pdf","Jan 2, 2014 ... rules, the degree to which they become legal commitments, ... Hence the most plausible “wiggle room” lies ... manipulation by China and has in fact criticized China ...","China","2014-01-02T00:00:00"],
    [4180,"Performance Audit Addressing Social Benefit Fraud","https://nao.gov.mt/loadfile/84e4bdce-6fc4-4cca-870c-bf2a49588959","Jan 1, 2014 ... Malta is a member of the European Union, the provisions of Regulation (EC) 883/2004 ... who worked in another EU ... deliberate misinformation provided by the ...","EU","2014-01-01T00:00:00"],
    [4181,"Countering disinformation and misinformation in animal health ...","https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2024/06/countering-disinformation-and-misinformation-in-animal-health-emergencies.pdf","Jun 6, 2024 ... – is often critical to deal with disinformation or misinformation that, for example, poses legal ... Australian farmers not 'forced to inject livestock with ...","Aus","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4182,"EU-RELATED DISINFORMATION KEEPS GROWING BEFORE THE ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/EDMO-36-Horizontal.pdf","Jun 6, 2024 ... In general, EU legislation is claimed to be jeopardizing member countries and citizens by several false stories. A major strand within this false narrative ...","Aus","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4183,"Australian Communications and Media Authority Submission ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/ACMA%20submission%20-%20%20Modernising%20Australia%27s%20National%20Classification%20Scheme%20-%206%20June%202024.pdf","Jun 15, 2024 ... In its 2020 submission to the Review of Australian Classification Regulation ... > the expansion of the ACMA's online regulatory remit to misinformation and.","Aus","2024-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [4184,"The spread of fake news: Disclosure willingness role","https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(24)10499-9.pdf","Jul 14, 2024 ... Jang, J.K. Kim, Third person effects of fake news: fake news regulation and media literacy interventions, Comput. ... [49] A.U. Zafar, et al., The impact ...","Aus","2024-07-08T00:00:00"],
    [4185,"Bulletin and Handbook of Policies","https://lawschool.unm.edu/academics/common/docs/bulletin-handbook-policies.pdf","Jul 19, 2024 ... of recommendation; correcting any misinformation provided to the School of Law; ... AU Audit. Audit is recorded for completion of enrollment in an audited.","Aus","2024-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [4186,"Tackling Online Propaganda in Internal Armed Conflict Situations in ...","https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/area/center/isp/documents/mwi-yohannes-ayalew_2024-08-01_re-fin.pdf","Aug 1, 2024 ... * Sessional Academic, Faculty of Law, Monash University, Australia. The ... Helm & Hitoshi Nasu, Regulatory Responses to 'Fake News' and Freedom of.","Aus","2024-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [4187,"Protecting the Public from Abusive AI-Generated Content","https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RW1nuJx","Jul 30, 2024 ... First, Congress should enact a new federal “deepfake fraud statute.” We need to give law enforcement officials, including state attorneys general, a standalone ...","Aus","2024-07-29T00:00:00"],
    [4188,"Disinformation and misinformation; A shared threat for Veterinary ...","https://rr-asia.woah.org/app/uploads/2024/08/7.2-DONACHIE-disinformation.pdf","Aug 7, 2024 ... Countering animal health misinformation and disinformation often requires joint action by Veterinary Services and Law Enforcement agencies. Page 6 ...","Aus","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4189,"Do large language models have a legal duty to tell the truth? | CIVIC Ai","https://civicai.cat/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Do-large-language-models-have-a-legal-duty-to-tell-the-truth.pdf","Aug 11, 2024 ... . at Paragraph 20 'Aus dem 'Ozean von Daten' werden dem suchenden ... 2022 Freedom of speech and regulation of fake news. Am. J. Comp. Law 70 ...","Aus","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4190,"The Landscape of User-centered Misinformation Interventions - A ...","https://peasec.de/paper/2024/2024_HartwigDoellReuter_LandscapeUserCentredMisinfoInterventions_CSUR.pdf","Aug 9, 2024 ... models, legislation, and politics. We complement the ndings of related ... The e ects of correcting political misinformation in an Australian sample.","Aus","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4191,"Disinformation and Entropy: Leveraging AI in the Information ...","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-3_Number-2/Davis.pdf","Aug 15, 2024 ... ... au- thentication and watermarking tools for all ... Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and the Law.","Aus","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4192,"1 PBF Tip Sheet on Programming for Countering Hate Speech 1 ...","https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/sites/www.un.org.peacebuilding/files/documents/pbf_tip_sheet_on_hate_speech_final_rev_16_aug_2024.pdf","Aug 16, 2024 ... - # of law enforcement institutions that enact specific institutional responses to misinformation and hate speech. ... Appui au renforcement de la chaine ...","Aus","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4193,"Hostile State Disinformation in the Internet Age","https://www.journaloffreespeechlaw.org/clarke.pdf","Aug 20, 2024 ... Will It Work in Britain?” Spectator Australia ... legal authorities to deal with aspects of foreign disinformation and malign influence operations.","Aus","2024-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [4194,"DISINFORMATION IN THE CITY RESPONSE PLAYBOOK","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/Disinformation%20in%20the%20City%20RESPONSE%20PLAYBOOK.pdf","Aug 29, 2024 ... And threatening disinformation campaigns have led local councils to cancel Drag. Storytime events in cities across North America and. Australia. Understanding ...","Aus","2024-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [4195,"Data Mining, Algorithms, and Deepfakes: Combatting Misinformation ...","https://www.dri.org/docs/default-source/dri-white-papers-and-reports/data-mining-algorithms-deep-fakes.pdf","Sep 5, 2024 ... Many European countries have already adapted their laws to combat disinformation campaigns. ... The EU AU Act prohibits AI systems that deploy subliminal ...","Aus","2024-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4196,"MISLEADING OR DECEPTIVE AI: WHY TRANSPARENCY ...","https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawSocCConsc/2024/16.pdf","Sep 15, 2024 ... ... Australian Consumer Law (Law Book Co,. 5th ed ... 52 Communications Legislation Amendment (Combating Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 (Cth).","Aus","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4197,"Online misinformation and disinformation reform","https://www.aph.gov.au/-/media/Senate/committee/Environment_and_Communications/MDI/Combatting_Misinformation_and_Disinformation_Bill_-_Impact_Analysis.pdf?la=en&hash=BF060695151F1A6B183A66FD11654FDD29F8FE83","Sep 12, 2024 ... Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, communicate and adapt this publication provided ...","Aus","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4198,"CPA Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation ...","https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/docs/find.aspx?id=5724T1867","Sep 12, 2024 ... Western Australian laws include deep fakes and those under 16-year-olds being incapable of giving consent under that law. What's missing? Online safety. There ...","Aus","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4199,"Third report to government on digital platforms' efforts under ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/ACMA%20third%20report%20to%20government%20on%20digital%20platforms%20efforts%20under%20voluntary%20arrangements_0.pdf","Sep 19, 2024 ... The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) oversees the Australian Code · of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation (the code), which is ...","Aus","2024-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [4200,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=3a51e328-4ae6-4545-acb4-e18094912996&subId=767829","Sep 26, 2024 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions] ... introduction to the Australian parliament copycat ...","Aus","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4201,"TARGETING CHILDREN: LIABILITY FOR ALGORITHMIC ...","https://aulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Lavi.to_.Printer.pdf","Sep 26, 2024 ... 27, 2023) (alleging product liability and negligence). 32. Social Media Victims Law Center Sues ByteDance and TikTok in the Death of 16-Year-. Old Chase Nasca; ...","Aus","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4202,"Small Business: Instruments and Casualties of the Censorship ...","https://smallbusiness.house.gov/uploadedfiles/house_committee_on_small_business_-_cic_report_september_2024.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... 272 Misinformation Fingerprints License Agreement, NewsGuard Tech, Inc., to ... ally markets: Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, New Zealand ...","Aus","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4203,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/communications_legislation_amendment_combatting_misinformation_and_disinformation_bill_2024_0.pdf","Oct 7, 2024 ... However, there is concern that it may lead to. Page 6. Australian Human Rights Commission. Misinformation and Disinformation Bill, 07 October 2024 discretionary ...","Aus","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4204,"Submission on The Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=e9f19e9d-f2eb-4f72-add7-4e5ce24af9c4&subId=767831","Oct 4, 2024 ... ... rights under Australian law, with ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions]. Submission 70.","Aus","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4205,"Small Business: Instruments and Casualties of the Censorship ...","https://smallbusiness.house.gov/uploadedfiles/house_committee_on_small_business_-_cic_report_september_2024.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... 272 Misinformation Fingerprints License Agreement, NewsGuard Tech, Inc., to ... ally markets: Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, New Zealand ...","Aus","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4206,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/communications_legislation_amendment_combatting_misinformation_and_disinformation_bill_2024_0.pdf","Oct 7, 2024 ... However, there is concern that it may lead to. Page 6. Australian Human Rights Commission. Misinformation and Disinformation Bill, 07 October 2024 discretionary ...","Aus","2024-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [4207,"Australian Communications and Media Authority; Office of the ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/ACMA%20and%20eSafety%20annual%20report%202023%E2%80%9324.pdf","Oct 14, 2024 ... the voluntary Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation and report to ... for rapid removal or to an appropriate Australian law enforcement ...","Aus","2024-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [4208,"Discussion paper: Review of AI and the Australian Consumer Law","https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/c2024-584560-dp.pdf","Oct 14, 2024 ... The ACL is the principal consumer protection law in Australia ... disinformation and spread of extreme or misogynist content or eroding social cohesion).","Aus","2024-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [4209,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?hearingid=31807&submissions=false","Oct 17, 2024 ... Australian Human Rights Commission (Submission 66) ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions].","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4210,"Australian Communications and Media Authority; Office of the ...","https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/ACMA-eSafety-annual-report-2023-24.pdf?v=1738454400021","Oct 14, 2024 ... the voluntary Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation and report to ... for rapid removal or to an appropriate Australian law enforcement ...","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4211,"Discussion paper: Review of AI and the Australian Consumer Law","https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/c2024-584560-dp.pdf","Oct 14, 2024 ... The ACL is the principal consumer protection law in Australia ... disinformation and spread of extreme or misogynist content or eroding social cohesion).","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4212,"Fake news, corruption and compliance in the private sector","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Fake-news-corruption-and-compliance-in-the-private-sector.pdf","Oct 15, 2024 ... Fake News Bill: · understand in 6 points the legislation being · discussed in Congress. ... Parliament of Australia. 2023. Media literacy and · misinformation ...","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4213,"misinformation must not be ignored","https://osf.io/8a6cj/download/","Oct 15, 2024 ... NO receives royalties from books and lectures dealing with misinformation, and consults to private law firms. ... misinformation in Australia. Memory ...","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4214,"The Digital Services Act: transparency as an efficient tool to curb the ...","https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/download/366/359/1902","Oct 19, 2024 ... 48 Dawn Carla Nunziato, 'Misinformation Mayhem: Social. Media Platforms' Efforts to Combat Medical and Political. Misinformation' (2020) 19 First Amendment Law ...","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4215,"Defining Disinformation across EU and VLOP Policies | EDMO","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EDMO-Report-%E2%80%93-Defining-Disinformation-across-EU-and-VLOP-Policies.pdf","Oct 16, 2024 ... have the same legal obligations and (relatively) clear rules to act on disinformation ... where it mentions the partners 'Australian Associated Press (AAP) ...","Aus","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4216,"Addressing Rampant Climate Disinformation | Global Covenant of ...","https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Addressing-Rampant-Climate-Disinformation-FINAL-.pdf","Oct 29, 2024 ... Hobart, Australia: Created the \"Hobart Climate ... Activities aimed at influencing public officials and especially members of a legislative body on legislation.","Aus","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4217,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?hearingid=31868&submissions=false","Nov 11, 2024 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions] ... www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business ...","Aus","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4218,"Tech Giants' Intimidation and Subversion Tactics to Evade ...","https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/441/CHPC/Reports/RP13390921/chpcrp13/chpcrp13-e.pdf","Nov 6, 2024 ... ” She said the Australian law “allowed time for a process to unfold whereby ... disinformation from a regulatory perspective.”189. Philip Palmer told the ...","Aus","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4219,"Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?hearingid=31868&submissions=false","Nov 11, 2024 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions] ... www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business ...","Aus","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4220,"Misinformation with Legal Consequences (MisLC): A New Task ...","https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.924.pdf","Nov 12, 2024 ... One option to minimize the effect of misinformation is automatic regulation or content filtering. Au- tomatic methods play an important role in detect- ing ...","Aus","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4221,"Mitigating Disinformation Risks in the Run-Up to 2024 European ...","https://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/page/natolin_policy_papers_vol_1_24%20%281%29.pdf","Nov 15, 2024 ... The existing legislative mechanisms lack specific provisions to combat. AI-generated disinformation effectively. Yet, given the hyperrealistic nature of such ...","Aus","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4222,"Cultural Investigation of the Misinformation Effect in Eyewitness ...","https://www.petervankoppen.nl/ewExternalFiles/2024%20A%20Cross-Cultural%20and%20Intra-Cultural%20Investigation.pdf","Nov 13, 2024 ... Exposure to misleading. PEI can compromise eyewitness evidence, impairing its legal usefulness (Luna and Migueles 2009). Consequently, investiga- tors have to ...","Aus","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4223,"Review of AI and the Australian Consumer Law","https://lawcouncil.au/publicassets/31ceec58-b0aa-ef11-94ac-005056be13b5/4622%20-%20S%20-%20Review%20of%20AI%20and%20the%20Australian%20Consumer%20Law.pdf","Nov 20, 2024 ... 16 Australian State and Territory law societies and bar associations, and Law Firms Australia. ... Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024, introduced into ...","Aus","2024-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [4224,"Pro-Nuclear Disinformation in Australia","https://cdn.getup.org.au/2979-Pro-Nuclear_Disinformation_in_Australia_Final_Nov_2024.pdf","Nov 20, 2024 ... The Coalition is the primary source of nuclear misinformation that the Australian public is exposed ... Regulation, and Integrity in. Government. ○ Keith Pitt MP, ...","Aus","2024-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [4225,"Education as a countermeasure against disinformation","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1915602/FULLTEXT01.pdf","Nov 24, 2024 ... ... legislation, fact- checking, and transparent labelling of content is ... accuracy ratings and willingness to share COVID-19 misinformation in Australia.","Aus","2024-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [4226,"CAIDE AI Policy Forums","https://www.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/5164455/truth-issues-paper-complete-30-11.pdf","Nov 29, 2024 ... ... Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill. 2024' (Media Release, 24 November 2024) <https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au ...","Aus","2024-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [4227,"Australian Communications and Media Authority Statement of ...","https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/acma-statement-of-expectations-2024.pdf","Dec 3, 2024 ... under the ACMA Act and other legislation. Where action is ... • working with industry to address online misinformation and disinformation to help provide.","Aus","2024-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [4228,"Oversight Of Social Media Platforms: Ensuring Privacy And Safety ...","https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/441/ETHI/Reports/RP13390047/ethirp16/ethirp16-e.pdf","Dec 7, 2024 ... ... Misinformation and Harmful Content. Online. Disinformation and Misinformation. To ... Such legislation is already in place in Europe, the U.K. and Australia.","Aus","2024-12-02T00:00:00"],
    [4229,"The curious case of regulating false news on Google","https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/172294/2/1-s2.0-S0267364922000814-main.pdf","Dec 10, 2024 ... Research on the regulation of disinformation in gen- eral has been centred ... content, even though legislation existing before the Australian. Criminal ...","Aus","2024-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [4230,"media coverage and state propaganda in armed conflicts: an ...","https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2024-12/Gillich%20Article%20-%20JIMEL%2010.2%20-%2012.16.pdf","Dec 19, 2024 ... struggle to find definitions when introducing anti-“fake news” legislation.24 ... Netherlands, France, Australia, and the United Kingdom, denounced the ...","Aus","2024-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [4231,"Results from style-based messaging into online misinformation ...","https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4528128/v2.pdf","Dec 24, 2024 ... We introduce our concept of the misinformation ecosystem, based on our Australian dataset, as a way of understanding the online communities and their ...","Aus","2024-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [4232,"Written evidence submitted by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue ...","https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/133348/pdf/","Jan 3, 2025 ... misinformation, disinformation and harmful content? o What role do generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models. (LLMs) play in the ...","Aus","2024-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [4233,"FREE SPEECH AND PRIVATE POWER","https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/138-Harv.-L.-Rev.-F.-43.pdf","Dec 31, 2024 ... ... being sup- posed Russian disinformation, though the laptop ultimately proved au- thentic.62. Or consider the suppression of claims that COVID-19 may.","Aus","2024-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [4234,"Climate and energy misinformation in Taiwan","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/communication/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1531126/pdf","Jan 10, 2025 ... Australian National University, Australia. REVIEWED BY. Joanna K. Huxster ... Law J. 62:525. Rauchfleisch, A., Tseng, T. H., Kao, J. J., and Liu, Y. T. ...","Aus","2025-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [4235,"Countering Foreign Interference in Australia","https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/nat-security/files/cfi-australia.pdf?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=fedica-test-one","Jan 15, 2025 ... Learn how to spot fake news and disinformation by checking against reliable media outlets. ... The Australian Government has implemented legislation and other ...","Aus","2025-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [4236,"Joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks ...","https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2025-02/joint_statement_on_data_governance.pdf","6 days ago ... privacy, but it also poses risks of discrimination, misinformation ... based on consent, contractual necessity, legitimate interest, or other legal justifications ...","Aus","2025-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [4237,"Understanding Russian Disinformation and How the Joint Force ...","https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3286&context=parameters","May 29, 2024 ... It has been accepted for inclusion in The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters by an authorized editor of USAWC Press. Page 2. Russia-Ukraine War.","US","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4238,"Countering disinformation and misinformation in animal health ...","https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2024/06/countering-disinformation-and-misinformation-in-animal-health-emergencies.pdf","Jun 6, 2024 ... – is often critical to deal with disinformation or misinformation that, for example, poses legal ... US Department of Homeland Security. [Internet] 2023 September ...","US","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4239,"Health Policy Beyond misinformation: developing a public health ...","https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(24)00031-8.pdf","Jun 9, 2024 ... considering regulatory and legal interventions specifically ... COVID-19: Spreading vaccine “misinformation” puts licence at risk, US boards tell physicians.","US","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4240,"Deepfakes: The Legal Implications","https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/iccws/article/download/2099/1946/7604","Jun 6, 2024 ... misinformation as well as creating confusion ... Only a minority of US states have passed pieces of legislation regarding emerging deepfake technology.","US","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4241,"Understanding and countering misinformation and online harms","https://eurohealthnet.eu/wp-content/uploads/session-2-3-jon-roozenbeek-kings-college-london.pdf","Jun 14, 2024 ... Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. ... American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 136–151. https ...","US","2024-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [4242,"Certifiably True: The Impact of Self-Certification on Misinformation","https://questromworld.bu.edu/platformstrategy/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/2024/06/PlatStrat2024_paper_39.pdf","Jun 20, 2024 ... judgment. This also suggests that, when the option to self-certify a ... Fake news on Twitter · during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Science 363 ...","US","2024-06-17T00:00:00"],
    [4243,"Addressing Misinformation About Medical Devices and Prescription ...","https://www.fda.gov/media/179827/download","Jul 4, 2024 ... J Med Internet Res, 23(1):e17187, DOI: 10.2196/17187; Health Misinformation — Current. Priorities of the U.S. Surgeon General. ... Act, 2023 (Public Law 117-328).","US","2024-07-01T00:00:00"],
    [4244,"Misinformation in U.S. Food and Agriculture: A Policy Analysis of ...","https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1341&context=jflp","Jul 15, 2024 ... This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Food Law & ...","US","2024-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [4245,"How to reduce the impact of disinformation on Europeans' health","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/754205/IPOL_STU(2024)754205_EN.pdf","Jul 19, 2024 ... However, in countries such as the United. States (US), this practice is legal54 and pharmaceutical companies often collaborate with social media influencers for ...","US","2024-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [4246,"DISINFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: IMPACTS ON ...","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/4995571.pdf?abstractid=4995571&mirid=1","Jul 26, 2024 ... Their study estimates that the average American saw several fake news stories during the election period, with pro-Trump fake news significantly outnumbering ...","US","2024-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [4247,"An interview study with older adults on misinformation management","https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0307771&type=printable","Jul 25, 2024 ... COVID-19, and my daughter-in-law got it very bad. So, [Son's name] ... and fact-checkers in response to political misinformation in the US and Netherlands.","US","2024-07-22T00:00:00"],
    [4248,"Fact Sheet: Regulation of False, Misleading, or Intimidating Speech ...","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2024/08/Fact-Sheet-False-Misleading-and-Intimidating-Election-Information.pdf","Aug 10, 2024 ... 2 Federal law prohibits voter intimidation.3 Every state also separately ... media companies already had policies against misinformation and disinformation, which ...","US","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4249,"Pharmacists' role in combating medical misinformation","https://www.accp.com/docs/positions/Commentaries/JACCP___JOURNAL_OF_THE_AMERICAN_COLLEGE_OF_CLINICAL_PHARMACY_-_2024_-_Harris_-_Pharmacists__role_in_combating_medical.pdf","Aug 6, 2024 ... D., BCACP, CDCES. Approved by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Board of Regents on October 12, 2023. Received: 14 June 2024. Accepted: 18 June 2024.","US","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4250,"Measuring Misinformation in Financial Markets | CDN","https://bpb-us-e2.wpmucdn.com/sites.utdallas.edu/dist/8/1090/files/2024/08/Measuring-Misinformation-in-Financial-Markets.pdf","Aug 11, 2024 ... ... us- ing large language models, extract “truth” from each set of comparable information using the information reliability weighted consensus (average), and ...","US","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4251,"Disinformation and misinformation; A shared threat for Veterinary ...","https://rr-asia.woah.org/app/uploads/2024/08/7.2-DONACHIE-disinformation.pdf","Aug 7, 2024 ... Countering animal health misinformation and disinformation often requires joint action by Veterinary Services and Law Enforcement agencies. ... Most of us, ...","US","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4252,"Disinformation and Entropy: Leveraging AI in the Information ...","https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASOR/Journals/Volume-3_Number-2/Davis.pdf","Aug 15, 2024 ... ... law and provided for noncom- mercial use only. Any reproduction is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. The ...","US","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4253,"Topline - KFF Health Misinformation Tracking Poll - August 2024","https://files.kff.org/attachment/Topline-KFF-Health-Misinformation-Tracking-Poll-August-2024.pdf","Aug 15, 2024 ... ... law degree (e.g., MA, MS,. PhD, MD ... Were you born in the United States, or on the island of Puerto Rico or another U.S. territory, or in another country?","US","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4254,"Know Thine Enemy: Adaptive Attacks on Misinformation Detection ...","https://aclanthology.org/2024.wassa-1.11.pdf","Aug 15, 2024 ... In recent news, a Detroit Federal judge just upheld major ele- ments of the health care overhaul law. U.S. District. Judge George Steeh explained in his 20 page ...","US","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4255,"SAFEGUARDING ELECTIONS FROM THREATS POSED BY ...","https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/ips-working-paper-no-56_safeguarding-elections-from-threats-posed-by-artificial-intelligence.pdf","Aug 12, 2024 ... Innovation Approach to AI Regulation) and the US (Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights). ... disinformation-us-elections. Page 50. 48. IPS Working Papers No. 56 ...","US","2024-08-12T00:00:00"],
    [4256,"Mitigating AI-Driven Misinformation Risks for Women in Politics Bios","https://democrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Mitigating-AI-Driven-Misinformation-Risks-for-Women-in-Politics-Bios-2.pdf","Aug 22, 2024 ... innovation” and featured on Forbes magazine's “30 Under 30: Law &. Policy ... in the U.S., under President Obama. Sevetri's work and that of her clients ...","US","2024-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [4257,"DISINFORMATION IN THE CITY RESPONSE PLAYBOOK","https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2024-08/Disinformation%20in%20the%20City%20RESPONSE%20PLAYBOOK.pdf","Aug 29, 2024 ... And threatening disinformation campaigns have led local councils to cancel Drag. Storytime events in cities across North America and. Australia. Understanding ...","US","2024-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [4258,"KFF Health Misinformation Tracking Poll September 2024","https://files.kff.org/attachment/Topline-KFF-Health-Tracking-Poll-September-2024.pdf","Sep 4, 2024 ... SHOW/READ TO ALL: Now thinking about immigrants who are undocumented, meaning those without current legal authorization to live in the. U.S… Q18. Do you ...","US","2024-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4259,"Data Mining, Algorithms, and Deepfakes: Combatting Misinformation ...","https://www.dri.org/docs/default-source/dri-white-papers-and-reports/data-mining-algorithms-deep-fakes.pdf","Sep 5, 2024 ... Laura Clark Fey (Chair), one of the first twenty-seven U.S. attorneys recognized as Privacy Law Spe- cialists through the International Association of ...","US","2024-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4260,"Online misinformation and disinformation reform","https://www.aph.gov.au/-/media/Senate/committee/Environment_and_Communications/MDI/Combatting_Misinformation_and_Disinformation_Bill_-_Impact_Analysis.pdf?la=en&hash=BF060695151F1A6B183A66FD11654FDD29F8FE83","Sep 12, 2024 ... Following the 2022 Federal Election, the newly elected. Government committed to introducing legislation to provide the ACMA with new powers to combat online.","US","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4261,"Measuring receptivity to misinformation at scale on a social media ...","https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article-pdf/3/10/pgae396/59639673/pgae396.pdf","Sep 10, 2024 ... ... USA dDepartment of Politics, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA eStanford University Law School, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA f ...","US","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4262,"The Psychology of Misinformation Across the Lifespan","https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-010923-093547?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf","Sep 13, 2024 ... ... legal/page/us/privacy-policy/en. Udry J, Barber SJ. 2024. The illusory truth effect: a review of how repetition increases belief in misinformation. Curr ...","US","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4263,"Defending American Democracy in the Digital Age ...","https://www.mccaininstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Defending-Democracy-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf","Sep 18, 2024 ... These tactics can be overt or covert and can be implemented through legal means, administrative measures, or through misinformation and intimidation.","US","2024-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [4264,"Third report to government on digital platforms' efforts under ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/ACMA%20third%20report%20to%20government%20on%20digital%20platforms%20efforts%20under%20voluntary%20arrangements_0.pdf","Sep 19, 2024 ... Some jurisdictions enforce legislation aimed at improving transparency and/or to criminalise the spreading of misinformation. Others implement a range of non- ...","US","2024-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [4265,"GAO-24-107600, FOREIGN DISINFORMATION: Defining and ...","https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-24-107600.pdf","Sep 26, 2024 ... This first of two reports examines how relevant U.S. government agencies define and detect foreign disinformation threats and the legal authorities these ...","US","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4266,"Election Misinformation Guide*","https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/Page-Attachments/ElectionMisinformationGuide.pdf","Sep 24, 2024 ... A U.S. Senate. Intelligence Committee report found that Russian ... Attorney General's office or local law enforcement. Register to vote through ...","US","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4267,"Small Business: Instruments and Casualties of the Censorship ...","https://smallbusiness.house.gov/uploadedfiles/house_committee_on_small_business_-_cic_report_september_2024.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... “counter disinformation,” essentially outsourcing the U.S. government's perception of fact to NewsGuard. ... 272 Misinformation Fingerprints License Agreement, ...","US","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4268,"Online information manipulation and information integrity","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/762416/EPRS_BRI(2024)762416_EN.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... ... misinformation, disinformation ... corporate tech diplomacy defending the US market-driven model, to avoid EU regulation impacting their business models.","US","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4269,"Make America Fake Again?: Banning Deepfakes of Federal ...","https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6109&context=flr","Sep 30, 2024 ... federal legislation, however, has failed to gain traction.19 Though Congress ... actors can edit them out and further spread misinformation.487 ...","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4270,"Small Business: Instruments and Casualties of the Censorship ...","https://smallbusiness.house.gov/uploadedfiles/house_committee_on_small_business_-_cic_report_september_2024.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... “counter disinformation,” essentially outsourcing the U.S. government's perception of fact to NewsGuard. ... 272 Misinformation Fingerprints License Agreement, ...","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4271,"Submission on The Communications Legislation Amendment ...","https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=e9f19e9d-f2eb-4f72-add7-4e5ce24af9c4&subId=767831","Oct 4, 2024 ... Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2024 [Provisions] ... established Federal laws. 29. Firstly, under ...","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4272,"A Model of Online Misinformation | MIT Economics","https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/A%20Model%20of%20Online%20Misinformation.pdf","Oct 4, 2024 ... As of August 2021, federal law in the U.S. protects social media platforms from being held responsible for content posted by its users, even if the platform ...","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4273,"Online information manipulation and information integrity","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/762416/EPRS_BRI(2024)762416_EN.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... ... misinformation, disinformation ... corporate tech diplomacy defending the US market-driven model, to avoid EU regulation impacting their business models.","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4274,"Misinformed about misinformation: On the polarizing discourse on ...","https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/pasquetto_discourse_misinformation_consequences_20241003-1.pdf","Oct 3, 2024 ... disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press ... Chilling legislation: Tracking the impact of “fake news” laws on press.","US","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4275,"PARLIAMENTARY HANDBOOK ON DISINFORMATION, AI AND ...","https://pam.int/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CPA-handbook-on-disinformation-ai-and-synthetic-media.pdf","Oct 12, 2024 ... For instance, in the US, the regulation of artificial intelligence, specifically deepfakes, is being addressed both at the federal and state levels. Several ...","US","2024-10-07T00:00:00"],
    [4276,"Maintaining a Level Playing Field: Addressing Misinformation and ...","https://www.elections.on.ca/content/dam/NGW/sitecontent/2024/reports/Maintaining%20a%20Level%20Playing%20Field%20-%20Addressing%20Misinformation%20and%20Disinformation%20Threats%20to%20Electoral%20Administration%20in%20Ontario.pdf","Oct 21, 2024 ... In fact, the following recommendations draw heavily from laws recently passed by the. Government of British Columbia and pending federal legislation. Ontario ...","US","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4277,"Fake news, corruption and compliance in the private sector","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Fake-news-corruption-and-compliance-in-the-private-sector.pdf","Oct 15, 2024 ... The legal framework underpinning these obligations varies across jurisdictions but is established by a range of relevant legislation. For example, the U.S. ...","US","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4278,"The Digital Services Act: transparency as an efficient tool to curb the ...","https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/download/366/359/1902","Oct 19, 2024 ... Misinformation' (2020) 19 First Amendment Law Review 32. 49 'L'AFP monte une ... towards platform regulation (even the US is now clearly considering to ...","US","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4279,"Defining Disinformation across EU and VLOP Policies | EDMO","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EDMO-Report-%E2%80%93-Defining-Disinformation-across-EU-and-VLOP-Policies.pdf","Oct 16, 2024 ... aligns with the predominant cultural and legal traditions in the United States where most of the platforms analysed ultimately originate from, and where its ...","US","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4280,"False Profits","https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/OConnor_False-Profits_Final.pdf","Oct 16, 2024 ... ... American influencers to create and spread disinformation in order to influence the U.S. elections toward those supportive of Russian policies.6 The subjects ...","US","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4281,"Maintaining a Level Playing Field: Addressing Misinformation and ...","https://www.elections.on.ca/content/dam/NGW/sitecontent/2024/reports/Maintaining%20a%20Level%20Playing%20Field%20-%20Addressing%20Misinformation%20and%20Disinformation%20Threats%20to%20Electoral%20Administration%20in%20Ontario.pdf","Oct 21, 2024 ... In fact, the following recommendations draw heavily from laws recently passed by the. Government of British Columbia and pending federal legislation. Ontario ...","US","2024-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [4282,"Navigating the Landscape of Misinformation and Disinformation","https://d1y8sb8igg2f8e.cloudfront.net/documents/Navigating_the_Landscape_of_Misinformation_and_Disinformation_2024-10-28_15263_CEvoAWu.pdf","Oct 28, 2024 ... Future Security is a partnership between New. America and Arizona State University. It reconceptualizes U.S. security policy towards a holistic engagement with ...","US","2024-10-21T00:00:00"],
    [4283,"Addressing Rampant Climate Disinformation | Global Covenant of ...","https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Addressing-Rampant-Climate-Disinformation-FINAL-.pdf","Oct 29, 2024 ... ... legislative body on legislation. A term that is short for 'misinformation ... American Psychological Association — How and why misinformation spreads?","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4284,"ELECTION INTERFERENCE: HOW THE FBI “PREBUNKED” A ...","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/FBI-Election-Interference-Report-FINAL--10-30-24-.pdf","Oct 30, 2024 ... 26, 2024) (“[T]he FBI warned us about a potential Russian disinformation operation about the Biden family ... created by federal law enforcement engaging with Big ...","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4285,"Election Website Tampering: Relevant Criminal Laws and ...","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/georgetown-law-journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2024/10/Rosenfeld_ElectionWebsiteTampering.pdf","Oct 28, 2024 ... election misinformation. This problem demands a robust ... The U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual instructs the presiding court, as the law requires, to.","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4286,"GUIDANCE ON POLLING PLACE CONDUCT AND PREVENTING ...","https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2024-10_AZSOS_Guidance_Polling_Place_Voter_Intimidation_FINAL_REV20241029.pdf","Oct 29, 2024 ... Report any misinformation about elections to the Secretary of State's ... Federal law prohibits intimidation, threats, and coercion throughout the ...","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4287,"Disinformation and Identity-Based Violence","https://stanleycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Disinformation-and-Identity-Based-Violence-Bradshaw.pdf","Oct 31, 2024 ... ... u-s-political-po- · larization ... “Enlisting Useful Idiots: The Ties Between Online. Harassment and Disinformation.” Colorado Technology Law. Journal 19, no.","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4288,"Fake News and Criminal Law in Nigeria: Towards A Comparative ...","https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JLPG/article/viewFile/62694/64767","Oct 30, 2024 ... It was in the drop of 2016 during the presidential elections in the United States of America that fake news began to dominate news headlines and fuel public ...","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4289,"How Infodemics Threaten Public Health","https://jifsan.umd.edu/files/2024_AC_Symposium/7_Aishwarya_Nagar_-_Presentation.pdf","Oct 29, 2024 ... Decoding the Rumor Mill: Results from a content analysis to characterize rumors and misinformation that emerged during past public health emergencies in the US.","US","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4290,"The State's response to online disinformation and media/digital ...","https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/33/joint_committee_on_tourism_culture_arts_sport_and_media/reports/2024/2024-11-06_the-state-s-response-to-online-disinformation-and-media-digital-literacy-including-social-media-and-fake-news_en.pdf","Nov 6, 2024 ... to the US Mueller investigation. An Garda Síochána outline limitations on the law enforcement response to disinformation, noting that challenges exist where ...","US","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4291,"WEAPONIZING INFORMATION: THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF ...","https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acpro-2024-0006","Nov 5, 2024 ... States are not prohibited from spreading disinformation in accordance with international legal norms, ... Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and ...","US","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4292,"The Economics of Disinformation: Academic Freedom in the Era of AI","https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/Zumaeta_JAF15.pdf","Nov 7, 2024 ... These include loss of credibility resulting in reduced funding, missed research opportunities, diminished productivity, and potential legal ramifications. Given ...","US","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4293,"Trusted voices: Government response","https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/45518/documents/225338/default/","Nov 4, 2024 ... misinformation and disinformation spreads. From the regulatory framework of the new Online Safety Act 2023 to our work on media literacy, there are many ...","US","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4294,"Social Media Platforms and Responsibility for Disinformation","https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1154&context=ccerp","Nov 14, 2024 ... government signing into place federal law that explicitly defines the difference between legal hate speech, which would purely be offensive rhetoric vs.","US","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4295,"Disinformation and Misinformation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence ...","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel8/2/10753664/10754607.pdf","Nov 15, 2024 ... The U.S. does not have any federal laws in place that fully ad- dress or regulate AI-driven disinfor- mation such as deepfakes.36 South Ko- rea's legal system ...","US","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4296,"Mitigating Disinformation Risks in the Run-Up to 2024 European ...","https://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/page/natolin_policy_papers_vol_1_24%20%281%29.pdf","Nov 15, 2024 ... 7 'Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law.' News European Parliament (13 March. 2024) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/ ...","US","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4297,"Susceptibility to online misinformation: A systematic meta-analysis of ...","https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2409329121","Nov 12, 2024 ... For these reasons, taking advantage of the framework of SDT is crucial, as it allows us to distinguish between discrimination ability and response bias. Based ...","US","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4298,"Decoding Susceptibility: Modeling Misbelief to Misinformation ...","https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.846.pdf","Nov 12, 2024 ... We provide more details regarding the human judgment frame- work and the utilized interface in Appendix C. ... ogy associated with different U.S. states (Gelman,.","US","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4299,"President's Message 3 Advancing Effective Research Policy 3 ...","https://www.cogr.edu/sites/default/files/November%202024%20COGR%20Update%20Final_0.pdf","Nov 18, 2024 ... COGR will continue engaging with OMB and updating members on developments. Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Public Access to Results of ...","US","2024-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [4300,"Regulating Chatbot Output via Inter-Informational Competition","https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1388&context=njtip","Nov 18, 2024 ... The history of U.S. ICT regulation indicates that U.S. policymakers have ... Rand, Fighting Misinformation on Social Media Using. Crowdsourced Judgments ...","US","2024-11-18T00:00:00"],
    [4301,"CAIDE AI Policy Forums","https://www.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/5164455/truth-issues-paper-complete-30-11.pdf","Nov 29, 2024 ... work was folded into the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill ... standards34 and the US legislation ...","US","2024-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [4302,"Advisory Committee on Misinformation and Disinformation Role ...","https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/about-ofcom/how-ofcom-is-run/mis-and-dis-information-committee/advisory-committee-on-misinformation-and-disinformation---role-specification.pdf?v=386067","Nov 27, 2024 ... Should you require any adjustments to be made, please do contact us directly at resourcing@Ofcom.org.uk or on 0330 912 1378. As a Disability Confident employer, ...","US","2024-11-25T00:00:00"],
    [4303,"A Model of Online Misinformation","https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2024-12/A%20Model%20of%20Online%20Misinformation.pdf","Dec 11, 2024 ... As of August 2021, federal law in the U.S. protects social media platforms from being held responsible for content posted by its users, even if the platform ...","US","2024-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [4304,"An Analysis of Compliance with Laws and Misinformation ...","https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NITDA24-COP-REPORT-JNT-compressed.pdf","Dec 9, 2024 ... Zuboff's work serves as a wake-up call, urging us to realise that a lack of regulation allows platforms to manipulate users, influencing everything from ...","US","2024-12-09T00:00:00"],
    [4305,"CENSORSHIP'S NEXT FRONTIER: THE FEDERAL ...","https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/12.18.24%20Censorships%20Next%20Frontier%20The%20Federal%20Governments%20Attempt%20to%20Control%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20to%20Suppress%20Free%20Speech.pdf","Dec 18, 2024 ... ON THE JUDICIARY, 118TH CONG., THE WEAPONIZATION OF “DISINFORMATION” PSEUDO-EXPERTS AND. BUREAUCRATS: HOW THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PARTNERED WITH UNIVERSITIES TO ...","US","2024-12-16T00:00:00"],
    [4306,"Federal Rule of Evidence 702: A History and Guide to the 2023 ...","https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1346&context=lawreview","Dec 27, 2024 ... “scientists, federal judges, law professors, and practitioners.”92 The 2016 ... Thus, if courts are fed misinformation, there is a possibil- ity they will repeat ...","US","2024-12-23T00:00:00"],
    [4307,"The Delusion of Collusion: The Republican Effort to Weaponize ...","https://democrats-judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hjc_dem_atr_report_-_delusion_of_collusion.pdf","Dec 31, 2024 ... adequacy and enforcement of U.S. antitrust laws.”44 It ... sent to legitimate newspapers, U.S. advertisers are sending $1 to misinformation websites.”77.","US","2024-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [4308,"FREE SPEECH AND PRIVATE POWER","https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/138-Harv.-L.-Rev.-F.-43.pdf","Dec 31, 2024 ... For instance, the govern- ment's power to restrict misinformation is sharply limited. ... Federal labor law limits employers' ability to restrict employees' ...","US","2024-12-30T00:00:00"],
    [4309,"Countering AI-powered disinformation through national regulation ...","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1474034/pdf","Jan 7, 2025 ... We develop the discussion through an analysis of the existing counter-disinformation ecosystems, the EU and US legislation, and the emerging regulations of AI ...","US","2025-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [4310,"MISINFORMATION IN THE STATE LEGISLATURES: THE ...","https://am.aals.org/app/uploads/sites/4/2025/01/MISINFORMATION-IN-THE-STATE-LEGISLATURES.pdf","Jan 8, 2025 ... MISINFORMATION IN THE STATE. LEGISLATURES: THE BASELESS ATTACK ON UCC ... federal bankruptcy law, JPMorgan was able to freeze Lehman's institutional ...","US","2025-01-06T00:00:00"],
    [4311,"Reasonableness as Censorship: Section 230 Reform, Content ...","https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4057&context=flr","Jan 17, 2025 ... Ramseyer Draft Legislative Reforms to Section 230 of the Communications Decency. Act, U.S. DEP'T OF JUST. ... the basis of a legal response to fake news).","US","2025-01-13T00:00:00"],
    [4312,"Local Law Enforcement Responds to Misinformation Regarding ...","https://www.steamboatsprings.net/DocumentCenter/View/36268/Local-Law-Enforcement-Responds-to-Misinformation-Regarding-Deportation-Efforts-","Jan 28, 2025 ... These rumors include U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents being present at local businesses, schools, and other workplaces. In addition, there ...","US","2025-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [4313,"Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral ...","https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/report_volume_1.pdf","Jan 28, 2025 ... I did not see any evidence of federal legislation, regulation or policy being adopted or ... accessible online information to identify misinformation and ...","US","2025-01-27T00:00:00"],
    [4314,"The use of artificial intelligence in counter-disinformation: a world ...","https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/political-science/articles/10.3389/fpos.2025.1517726/pdf","Feb 7, 2025 ... the area located in the United States that deals with legislation and policies. This is applicable not only to central U.S. based companies such as Snopes ...","US","2025-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [4315,"RESPONSE TO COMMENTS ON EMERGENCY REGULATION ...","https://www.mass.gov/doc/310-cmr-740-massdep-response-to-comments-0/download","Feb 3, 2025 ... The U.S. EPA granted a Clean Air Act (CAA) preemption waiver to California on. December 18, 2024, which means MassDEP can begin enforcing its HDO regulations.","US","2025-02-03T00:00:00"],
    [4316,"Legal Strategies Countering Federal Public Health Data Purges","https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/5137616.pdf?abstractid=5137616&mirid=1","5 days ago ... 2025). 15 Stone & Huang, supra note 10. 16 Meg Tirrell, “Health Misinformation is Lowering U.S. Life Expectancy, FDA Commissioner Robert. Califf Says ...","US","2025-02-10T00:00:00"],
    [4317,"Georgia's Parliament Passes “Transparency of Foreign Influence” Law","https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN12368","May 28, 2024 ... ... law reforms, combatting disinformation against the EU and its values, and addressing political polarization. Ivanishvili announced his return to politics a ...","EU","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4318,"A socio-legal enquiry on deepfakes","https://hal.science/hal-04528817/document","May 30, 2024 ... See generally Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of ... China has enacted laws and regulations to combat the spread of disinformation ...","EU","2024-05-27T00:00:00"],
    [4319,"EU-RELATED DISINFORMATION KEEPS GROWING BEFORE THE ...","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/EDMO-36-Horizontal.pdf","Jun 6, 2024 ... It was also falsely claimed that the main opposition party endorsed the violent act. OTHER RELEVANT DISINFORMATION NARRATIVES. Page 7. European Digital Media ...","EU","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4320,"Background note Foreign interference around elections ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20240605RES21836/20240605RES21836.pdf","Jun 5, 2024 ... ... EU values and harm European Unity. Since then, the EU has strengthened its defence against disinformation, adopting new laws and in other non-legislative ...","EU","2024-06-03T00:00:00"],
    [4321,"Mitigating disinformation in Europe","https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/user_upload/Mitigating_disinformation_in_Europe._Challenges_and_opportunities_for_civil_society_organisations_and_private_actors.pdf","Jun 13, 2024 ... The European Union and European governments are tackling disinformation directly through legislative and regulatory ... Outside of direct regulation, the EU ...","EU","2024-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [4322,"Understanding and countering misinformation and online harms","https://eurohealthnet.eu/wp-content/uploads/session-2-3-jon-roozenbeek-kings-college-london.pdf","Jun 14, 2024 ... Legislation. •. Combatting online harms. •. Regulating tech platforms. Labelling. •. Source labels. •. Content warnings. Roozenbeek, Culloty & Suiter (2023).","EU","2024-06-10T00:00:00"],
    [4323,"the european approach to disinformation: policy perspectives","https://iep.unibocconi.eu/sites/default/files/media/attach/PB19_Disinformation_%20Pollicino.pdf","Jun 25, 2024 ... By focusing on platform regulation rather than content restriction, the EU seeks to balance conflicting constitutional rights and freedoms. This approach ...","EU","2024-06-24T00:00:00"],
    [4324,"Misinformation in U.S. Food and Agriculture: A Policy Analysis of ...","https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1341&context=jflp","Jul 15, 2024 ... in the EU to adopt policies that address allegations that the companies allow and popularize disinformation.69 This EU Act requires companies to provide ...","EU","2024-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [4325,"How to reduce the impact of disinformation on Europeans' health","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/754205/IPOL_STU(2024)754205_EN.pdf","Jul 19, 2024 ... The European Democracy Action Plan and the Digital Services Act (DSA) reinforce the. EU's commitment to addressing disinformation comprehensively. Despite these ...","EU","2024-07-15T00:00:00"],
    [4326,"Fact Sheet: Regulation of False, Misleading, or Intimidating Speech ...","https://www.law.georgetown.edu/icap/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2024/08/Fact-Sheet-False-Misleading-and-Intimidating-Election-Information.pdf","Aug 10, 2024 ... 21 Eu v. S.F. Cnty. Democratic Cent. Comm., 489 ... media companies already had policies against misinformation and disinformation, which they enforced by.","EU","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4327,"Do large language models have a legal duty to tell the truth? | CIVIC Ai","https://civicai.cat/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Do-large-language-models-have-a-legal-duty-to-tell-the-truth.pdf","Aug 11, 2024 ... hallucinations, misinformation and disinformation. We assess the existence of truth-related obligations in EU human rights law and the Artificial Intelligence ...","EU","2024-08-05T00:00:00"],
    [4328,"REPORT ON HOW FACT-CHECKERS IN EUROPE PREPARE ...","https://ipi.media/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/REPORT_FAKTOGRAF_ENG_za_pregled-1.pdf","Aug 19, 2024 ... These often include exaggerated claims about the EU's influence on daily life and legal systems of member states. Disinformation of National Elections.","EU","2024-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [4329,"Antitrust Regulation","https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/context/jli/article/1035/viewcontent/Sokol_Zhou_Antitrust_Regulation_Publication_Draft_FINAL.pdf","Aug 20, 2024 ... This area seems to require regulation, particularly because of misinformation ... of regulation in the European Union (EU)97 and China,98 among other markets ...","EU","2024-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [4330,"Bridging the Global Divide in AI Regulation: A Proposal for a ...","https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1937&context=wilj","Aug 19, 2024 ... Before the E.U. AI Act was proposed, the General Data Protection Regulation ... plagiarism—all of which can be accompanied and amplified by disinformation.","EU","2024-08-19T00:00:00"],
    [4331,"EU anti-fraud architecture – the role of EU-level players, how they ...","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2024/763761/IPOL_STU(2024)763761_EN.pdf","Aug 27, 2024 ... Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2223 amending Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883 ... At the core of its anti- fraud efforts lies the responsibility to ensure the ...","EU","2024-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [4332,"Ecorys - Enabling civil society to combat MIS- AND DISINFORMATION","https://www.ecorys.com/app/uploads/2019/02/Policy-brief-2-Enabling-civil-society-to-combat-disinformation.pdf","Sep 2, 2024 ... legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020XG0609%2804%29. Page 5 ... expertise and advice to inform policy making actions against disinformation in the EU.","EU","2024-08-26T00:00:00"],
    [4333,"Data Mining, Algorithms, and Deepfakes: Combatting Misinformation ...","https://www.dri.org/docs/default-source/dri-white-papers-and-reports/data-mining-algorithms-deep-fakes.pdf","Sep 5, 2024 ... He primarily focuses on data law, in particular EU privacy law and other data-related EU regulations and directives. Kirsten E. Small, CIPP/US, is a ...","EU","2024-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4334,"LIES, DAMN LIES, AND PRIVACY PROMISES","https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2963&context=lawreview","Sep 3, 2024 ... Unfortunately, the. United States lacks a robust national privacy law akin to the. European Union's GDPR.134 Instead, most privacy laws appear at the state ...","EU","2024-09-02T00:00:00"],
    [4335,"Online misinformation and disinformation reform","https://www.aph.gov.au/-/media/Senate/committee/Environment_and_Communications/MDI/Combatting_Misinformation_and_Disinformation_Bill_-_Impact_Analysis.pdf?la=en&hash=BF060695151F1A6B183A66FD11654FDD29F8FE83","Sep 12, 2024 ... of the Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill ... On 30 April 2024, the EU commenced formal legal proceedings to ...","EU","2024-09-09T00:00:00"],
    [4336,"Third report to government on digital platforms' efforts under ...","https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/ACMA%20third%20report%20to%20government%20on%20digital%20platforms%20efforts%20under%20voluntary%20arrangements_0.pdf","Sep 19, 2024 ... While many jurisdictions remain in the developmental phase of online harms regulation, the. European Union and United Kingdom have designed novel approaches to ...","EU","2024-09-16T00:00:00"],
    [4337,"Online information manipulation and information integrity","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/762416/EPRS_BRI(2024)762416_EN.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... Here, the DSA is complemented by the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, supported by the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO). The regulation on ...","EU","2024-09-23T00:00:00"],
    [4338,"Online information manipulation and information integrity","https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/762416/EPRS_BRI(2024)762416_EN.pdf","Sep 30, 2024 ... Here, the DSA is complemented by the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, supported by the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO). The regulation on ...","EU","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4339,"Disinformation briefing MEP guide DIGITAL version","https://www.disinfo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EU-DisinfoLab-countering-disinformation-issues-and-solutions-for-EU-decision-makers.pdf","Oct 4, 2024 ... As an independent non-profit organisation, EU DisinfoLab gathers knowledge and expertise on disinformation in Europe. Through putting.","EU","2024-09-30T00:00:00"],
    [4340,"Defining Disinformation across EU and VLOP Policies | EDMO","https://edmo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EDMO-Report-%E2%80%93-Defining-Disinformation-across-EU-and-VLOP-Policies.pdf","Oct 16, 2024 ... (2021) and the results of a survey of legislation in EU member states conducted by the European Regulators. Group for Audiovisual Media (ERGA) (Betzel et al., ...","EU","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4341,"The Digital Services Act: transparency as an efficient tool to curb the ...","https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/download/366/359/1902","Oct 19, 2024 ... Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the ... 12 Disinformation in the EU texts. There is currently no legal definition of ...","EU","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4342,"Fake news, corruption and compliance in the private sector","https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/Fake-news-corruption-and-compliance-in-the-private-sector.pdf","Oct 15, 2024 ... Government responses to. (mis)disinformation, such as the Digital. Services Act in the EU, aim to create a cleaner information environment, reducing the risks ...","EU","2024-10-14T00:00:00"],
    [4343,"Addressing Rampant Climate Disinformation | Global Covenant of ...","https://www.globalcovenantofmayors.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Addressing-Rampant-Climate-Disinformation-FINAL-.pdf","Oct 29, 2024 ... ... act: 87% of people surveyed in the European Union,. 76% in China and 74% in the United States say that their governments have been too slow to act in.","EU","2024-10-28T00:00:00"],
    [4344,"The State's response to online disinformation and media/digital ...","https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/33/joint_committee_on_tourism_culture_arts_sport_and_media/reports/2024/2024-11-06_the-state-s-response-to-online-disinformation-and-media-digital-literacy-including-social-media-and-fake-news_en.pdf","Nov 6, 2024 ... The Committee recommends that any regulatory measures introduced should comply with Ireland's responsibilities under relevant EU laws, that Ireland maintain its ...","EU","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4345,"WEAPONIZING INFORMATION: THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF ...","https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/acpro-2024-0006","Nov 5, 2024 ... The regulation of disinformation has become a critical focus in the European Union and around the world, prompting the development of strong legal frameworks.","EU","2024-11-04T00:00:00"],
    [4346,"Mitigating Disinformation Risks in the Run-Up to 2024 European ...","https://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/page/natolin_policy_papers_vol_1_24%20%281%29.pdf","Nov 15, 2024 ... 7 'Artificial Intelligence Act: MEPs adopt landmark law.' News European Parliament (13 March. 2024) <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/ ...","EU","2024-11-11T00:00:00"],
    [4347,"Final Report - Two sets of Guidelines on internal policies ...","https://www.eba.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-11/eaeae49d-81a5-4154-8af9-5014f6ee8881/Final%20Report%20Guidelines%20restrictive%20measures%20.pdf","Nov 14, 2024 ... The legislative package included a proposal for a new Regulation (EU) on ... The ultimate responsibility for compliance with restrictive measures lies with each ...","EU","2024-11-11T00:00:00"]
]}